UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

 

 

001-32410
(Commission File Number)

 

 

CELANESE CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

(972) 443-4000

 

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act

None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ     No o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12-b2 of the Act).  Yes o     No þ

 

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2007 (the last business day of the registrants’ most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $5,872,607,340.

 

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s Series A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of February 20, 2008 was 152,334,614.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Certain portions of registrants’ Definitive Proxy Statement for 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 

 

CELANESE CORPORATION

Form 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Certain statements in this Annual Report are forward-looking in nature as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements, and other written and oral forward-looking statements made by the Company from time to time, may relate to, among other things, such matters as planned and expected capacity increases and utilization; anticipated capital spending; environmental matters; legal proceedings; exposure to, and effects of hedging of, raw material and energy costs and foreign currencies; global and regional economic, political, and business conditions; expectations, strategies, and plans for individual assets and products, segments, as well as for the whole Company; cash requirements and uses of available cash; financing plans; pension expenses and funding; anticipated restructuring, divestiture, and consolidation activities; cost reduction and control efforts and targets and integration of acquired businesses. These plans and expectations are based upon certain underlying assumptions, and are in turn based upon internal estimates and analyses of current market conditions and trends, management plans and strategies, economic conditions, and other factors. Actual results could differ materially from expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements if one or more of the underlying assumptions and expectations proves to be inaccurate or is unrealized. Certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are included with such forward-looking statements and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate.”

 

 

Basis of Presentation

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the term “Celanese” refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The terms the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Celanese and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The term “Celanese US” refers to our subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, formerly known as BCP Crystal US Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The term “Purchaser” refers to our subsidiary, Celanese Europe Holding GmbH & Co. KG, formerly known as BCP Crystal Acquisition GmbH & Co. KG, a German limited partnership, and not its subsidiaries, except where otherwise indicated. The term “Original Shareholders” refers, collectively, to Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 1, Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 2, Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 3 and BA Capital Investors Sidecar Fund, L.P. The term “Advisor” refers to Blackstone Management Partners, an affiliate of The Blackstone Group. The term “CAG” refers to Celanese GmbH, formerly known as Celanese AG, its consolidated subsidiaries, its non-consolidated subsidiaries, ventures and other investments. With respect to shareholder and similar matters where the context indicates, “CAG” only refers to Celanese GmbH.

 

Overview

 

Celanese Corporation was formed in 2004 when the Original Shareholders purchased 84% of the ordinary shares of Celanese GmbH, formerly known as Celanese AG, a diversified German chemical company. Celanese Corporation was incorporated in 2005 under the laws of the state of Delaware and its shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CE”. During the period from 2005-2007, Celanese Corporation purchased the remaining 16% interest in Celanese GmbH. As of December 31, 2007, the Original Shareholders have no remaining ownership interest in Celanese GmbH or our Company. For further information, see Notes 2 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

We are a leading global integrated producer of chemicals and advanced materials. We are one of the world’s largest producers of acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals for nearly all major industries, as well as a leading global producer of high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value end-use applications. As an industry leader, we hold geographically balanced global positions and participate in diversified end-use markets. Our operations are primarily located in North America, Europe and Asia. We combine a demonstrated track record of execution, strong performance built on shared principles and objectives, and a clear focus on growth and value creation.

 

Our large and diverse global customer base primarily consists of major companies in a broad array of industries. For the year ended December 31, 2007, approximately 29% of our net sales were to customers located in North America, 43% to customers in Europe and Africa and 28% to customers in Asia and the rest of the world.

Market Industry

 

This document includes industry data and forecasts that we have prepared based, in part, upon industry data and forecasts obtained from industry publications and surveys and internal company surveys. Third-party industry publications, surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. The statements regarding Celanese’s market position in this document are based on information derived from the 2006 Stanford Research Institute International Chemical Economics Handbook, CMAI 2004 World Methanol Analysis, Tecnon Orbichem Acetic Acid and Vinyl Acetate World Survey third quarter 2007 report and from Kline and Co.

 

Segment Overview

 

During 2007, we revised our reportable segments to reflect a change in how the Company is managed. This change was made to drive strategic growth and to group businesses with similar dynamics and growth opportunities. We also changed our internal transfer pricing methodology to generally reflect market-based pricing which we believe will make our results more comparable to our peer companies. The revised segments are Advanced Engineered Materials, Consumer Specialties, Industrial Specialties, Acetyl Intermediates and Other Activities. We have restated our reportable segments for all prior periods presented to conform to the 2007 presentation. For further details on our business segments, see Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements. The table below illustrates each segment’s net sales to external customers for the year ended December 31, 2007, as well as each segment’s major products and end-use markets.

 

 

 

 

Advanced Engineered Materials

 

Our Advanced Engineered Materials segment develops, produces and supplies a broad portfolio of high performance technical polymers for application in automotive and electronics products and in other consumer and industrial applications. Together with our strategic affiliates, we are a leading participant in the global technical polymers business. The primary products of Advanced Engineered Materials are POM and GUR. POM is used in a broad range of products including automotive components, electronics and appliances. GUR is used in battery separators, conveyor belts, filtration equipment, coatings and medical devices.

 

Consumer Specialties

 

Our Consumer Specialties segment consists of our Acetate Products and Nutrinova businesses. Our Acetate Products business primarily produces and supplies acetate tow and acetate flake, which is used in the production of filter products. The successful completion of the acquisition of Acetate Products Limited, a subsidiary of Corsadi B.V., on January 31, 2007, further increases our global position and enhances our ability to serve our customers. Our Nutrinova business produces and sells Sunett^®, a high intensity sweetener, and food protection ingredients, such as sorbates, for the food, beverage and pharmaceuticals industries.

 

Industrial Specialties

 

Our Industrial Specialties segment includes the Emulsions, PVOH and AT Plastics businesses. Our Emulsions business is a global leader which produces a broad product portfolio, specializing in vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsions, and is a recognized leader in environmentally-friendly low-volatile organic compounds technology. Also a global leader, our PVOH business produces and sells a broad portfolio of performance chemicals engineered to meet specific customer requirements. Our emulsions and PVOH products are used in a wide array of applications including paints and coatings, adhesives, building and construction, glass fiber, textiles and paper. AT Plastics offers a complete line of low-density polyethylene and specialty, ethylene vinyl acetate resins and compounds. Our products are used in many applications including flexible packaging, lamination products, hot melt adhesive, medical tubing and automotive parts.

 

Acetyl Intermediates

 

Our Acetyl Intermediates segment produces and supplies acetyl products, including acetic acid, VAM, acetic anhydride and acetate esters. Acetic acid is a key intermediate chemical used in the production of VAM, purified terephthalic acid and acetic anhydride. VAM is a key intermediate chemical used in emulsions, polyvinyl alcohol, and other acetyl derivatives. These products are generally used as starting materials for colorants, paints, adhesives, coatings, medicines and more. Other chemicals produced in this segment are organic solvents and intermediates for pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical products.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We benefit from a number of competitive strengths, including the following:

 

Leading Market Positions

 

We believe that we are a leading global integrated producer of acetyls, cellulose acetate and vinyl emulsion products. Advanced Engineered Materials and our ventures, Polyplastics Co. Ltd. (“Polyplastics”) and Korea Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd. (“KEPCO”), are leading producers and suppliers of engineered polymers in North America, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Our leadership positions are based on our large share of global production capacity, operating efficiencies, proprietary technology and competitive cost structures in our major products.

 

Proprietary Production Technology and Operating Expertise

 

Our production of acetyl products employs industry-leading proprietary and licensed technologies, including our proprietary AOPlus technology for the production of acetic acid and VAntage and VAntage Plus vinyl acetate

monomer technology. AOPlus enables plant capacity to be increased with minimal investment, while VAntage and VAntage Plus enable significant increases in production efficiencies, lower operating costs and increases in capacity at ten to fifteen percent of the cost of building a new plant.

 

Low Cost Producer

 

Our competitive cost structures are based on production and purchasing economies of scale, vertical integration, technical expertise and the use of advanced technologies.

 

Global Reach

 

We operate thirty-six production facilities throughout the world. The ventures in which we participate operate nine additional facilities. Our infrastructure of manufacturing plants, terminals and sales offices provides us with a competitive advantage in anticipating and meeting the needs of our global and local customers in well-established and growing markets, while our geographic diversity reduces the potential impact of volatility in any individual country or region. We have a strong, growing presence in Asia, particularly in China, and we have defined a strategy to continue this growth. For more information regarding our financial information with respect to our geographic areas, see Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Strategic Investments

 

Our strategic investments, including our ventures, have enabled us to gain access, minimize costs and accelerate growth in new markets, while also generating significant cash flow and earnings. Our equity investments and cost investments represent an important component of our growth strategy. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements and “Investments” commencing on page 14 of Item 1 for additional information on our equity and cost investments.

 

Diversified Products and End-Use Markets

 

We offer our customers a broad range of products in a wide variety of end-use markets. For example, we participate in paints and coatings, textiles, automotive applications, consumer and medical applications, performance industrial applications, filter media, paper and packaging, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, and food and beverage applications. This product and market diversity reduces the potential impact of volatility in any individual market segment.

 

Business Strategies

 

Our strategic foundation is based on the following four pillars which are focused on increasing operating cash flows, improving profitability, delivering high return on investments and creating shareholder value:

 

Focus

 

We participate in businesses where we have a sustainable competitive advantage. We continue to optimize our business portfolio in order to achieve market, cost and technology leadership while expanding our product mix into higher value-added products.

 

Investment

 

We leverage and build on advantaged positions that optimize our portfolio. In order to increase our competitive advantage, we have invested in our core group of businesses through acquisitions in our Acetyls, Emulsions and Acetate businesses; growth in Asia bolstered by our new integrated chemical complex in Nanjing, China; and new applications of our advanced engineered polymers products.

 

Growth

 

We aggressively align with our customers and their markets to capture growth. We are quickly expanding in Asia, the fastest-growing region in the world, in order to meet increasing demand for our products. As part of our

growth strategy, we also continue to develop new products and industry-leading production technologies that deliver value-added solutions for our customers.

 

Redeployment

 

We divest non-core assets and revitalize underperforming businesses. We have divested or exited businesses where we no longer have a competitive advantage. We also continue to make key strategic decisions to revitalize businesses that have significant potential for improved performance and enhanced efficiency.

 

Underlying all of these strategies is a culture of execution and productivity. We continually seek ways to reduce costs, increase productivity and improve process technology. Our commitment to operational excellence is an integral part of our strategy to maintain our cost advantage and productivity leadership.

 

Business Segments

 

Advanced Engineered Materials

 

The Advanced Engineered Materials segment develops, produces and supplies a broad portfolio of high-performance technical polymers. See Item 1. Business — Segment Overview for discussion of key products and major end-use markets.

 

Advanced Engineered Materials’ technical polymers have chemical and physical properties enabling them, among other things, to withstand extreme temperatures, resist chemical reactions with solvents and withstand fracturing or stretching. These products are used in a wide range of performance-demanding applications in the automotive and electronics sectors as well as in other consumer and industrial goods. Demand for high-performance polymers is expected to grow approximately 5% to 6% per year.

 

Advanced Engineered Materials works in concert with its customers to enable innovations and develop new or enhanced products. Advanced Engineered Materials focuses its efforts on developing new markets and applications for its product lines, often developing custom formulations to satisfy the technical and processing requirements of a customer’s applications. For example, Advanced Engineered Materials has collaborated with fuel system suppliers to develop an acetal copolymer with the chemical and impact resistance necessary to withstand exposure to hot diesel fuels in the new generation of common rail diesel engines. The product can also be used in automotive fuel sender units where it remains stable at the high operating temperatures present in direct-injection diesel engines or meet the requirements of the new generation of bio fuels.

 

Advanced Engineered Materials’ customer base consists primarily of a large number of plastic molders and component suppliers, which are often the primary suppliers to original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”). Advanced Engineered Materials works with these molders and component suppliers as well as directly with the OEMs to develop and improve specialized applications and systems.

 

Prices for most of these products, particularly specialized product grades for targeted applications, generally reflect the value added in complex polymer chemistry, precision formulation and compounding, and the extensive application development services provided. These specialized product lines are not susceptible to cyclical swings in pricing.

 

Business Lines

 

POM is sold under the trademark Hostaform in all regions but North America, where it is sold under the trademark Celcon. Polyplastics and KEPCO are leading suppliers of POM and other engineering resins in the Asia/Pacific region. POM is used for mechanical parts, including door locks and seat belt mechanisms, in automotive applications and in electrical, consumer and medical applications such as drug delivery systems and gears for large appliances.

 

The primary raw material for POM is formaldehyde, which is manufactured from methanol. Advanced Engineered Materials currently purchases formaldehyde in the United States from our Acetyl Intermediates segment and, in Europe, manufactures formaldehyde from purchased methanol.

GUR is an engineered material used in heavy-duty automotive and industrial applications such as car battery separator panels and industrial conveyor belts, as well as in specialty medical and consumer applications, such as sports equipment and prostheses. GUR micro powder grades are used for high-performance filters, membranes, diagnostic devices, coatings and additives for thermoplastics and elastomers. GUR fibers are also used in protective ballistic applications.

 

Celstran and Compel are long fiber reinforced thermoplastics, which impart extra strength and stiffness, making them more suitable for larger parts than conventional thermoplastics.

 

Polyesters such as Celanex PBT, Vandar, a series of PBT-polyester blends and Riteflex, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, are used in a wide variety of automotive, electrical and consumer applications, including ignition system parts, radiator grilles, electrical switches, appliance and sensor housings, LEDs and technical fibers. Raw materials for polyesters vary. Base monomers, such as dimethyl terephthalate and PTA, are widely available with pricing dependent on broader polyester fiber and packaging resins market conditions. Smaller volume specialty co-monomers for these products are typically supplied by a few companies.

 

Liquid crystal polymers (“LCP”), such as Vectra, are used in electrical and electronics applications and for precision parts with thin walls and complex shapes or on high-heat cookware application.

 

Fortron, a PPS product, is used in a wide variety of automotive and other applications, especially those requiring heat and/or chemical resistance, including fuel system parts, radiator pipes and halogen lamp housings, and often replaces metal in these demanding applications. Other possible application fields include non-woven filtration devices such as coal fired power plants. Fortron is manufactured by Fortron Industries LLC, Advanced Engineered Materials’ 50-50 venture with Kureha Corporation of Japan.

 

Facilities

 

Advanced Engineered Materials has polymerization, compounding and research and technology centers in Germany, Brazil and the United States. On November 29, 2006, Advanced Engineered Materials reached a settlement with the Frankfurt, Germany, Airport (“Fraport”) to relocate its Kelsterbach, Germany, business, resolving several years of legal disputes related to the planned Frankfurt airport expansion. The final settlement agreement was signed on June 12, 2007. As a result of the settlement, Advanced Engineered Materials will transition its operations from Kelsterbach to the Hoechst Industrial Park in the Rhine Main area by 2011. See Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

 

Markets

 

The following table illustrates the destination of the net sales of the Advanced Engineered Materials segment by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Net Sales to External Customers by Destination — Advanced Engineered Materials

 

 

Advanced Engineered Materials’ sales in the Asian market are made mainly through its ventures, Polyplastics, KEPCO and Fortron Industries, which are accounted for under the equity method and therefore not included in Advanced Engineered Materials’ consolidated net sales. If Advanced Engineered Materials’ portion of the sales made by these ventures were included in the chart above, the percentage of sales sold in Asia/Australia would be substantially higher. A number of Advanced Engineered Materials’ POM customers, particularly in the appliance,

electrical components and certain sections of the electronics/telecommunications fields, have moved tooling and molding operations to Asia, particularly southern China. To meet the expected increased demand in this region, Polyplastics, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc. and KEPCO agreed to form a venture which operates a world-scale 60,000 metric ton POM facility in Nantong, China.

 

Advanced Engineered Materials’ principal customers are consumer product manufacturers and suppliers to the automotive industries. These customers primarily produce engineered products, and Advanced Engineered Materials collaborates with its customers to assist in developing and improving specialized applications and systems. Advanced Engineered Materials has long-standing relationships with most of its major customers, but also uses distributors for its major products, as well as a number of electronic marketplaces to reach a larger customer base. For most of Advanced Engineered Materials’ product lines, contracts with customers typically have a term of one to two years. A significant swing in the economic conditions of the end markets of Advanced Engineered Materials’ principal customers could significantly affect the demand for Advanced Engineered Materials’ products.

 

Competition

 

Advanced Engineered Materials’ principal competitors include BASF AG (“BASF”), E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company (“DuPont”), DSM N.V., Sabic Innovative Plastics and Solvay S.A. Smaller regional competitors include Asahi Kasei Corporation, Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals, Inc., Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, L.P., Braskem S.A., Lanxess AG, Teijin, Sumitomo, Inc. and Toray Industries Inc.

 

Consumer Specialties

 

The Consumer Specialties segment consists of our Acetate Products and Nutrinova businesses. Our Acetate Products business primarily produces and supplies acetate tow and acetate flake, which is used in the production of filter products. Our Nutrinova business produces and sells Sunett^®, a high intensity sweetener, and food protection ingredients, such as sorbates, for the food, beverage and pharmaceuticals industries. See Item 1. Business — Segment Overview for discussion of key products and major end-use markets.

 

Business Lines

 

Acetate tow is used primarily in cigarette filters. We produce acetate flake by processing wood pulp with acetic anhydride. We purchase wood pulp that is made from reforested trees from major suppliers and produce acetic anhydride internally. The acetate flake is then further processed into acetate fiber in the form of a tow band. According to the 2006 Stanford Research Institute International Chemical Economics Handbook, we are the world’s leading producer of acetate tow, including production of our ventures in Asia.

 

Sales of acetate tow products amounted to approximately 11%, 9% and 11% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

We have an approximate 30% interest in three manufacturing ventures in China that produce acetate flake and tow. Our partner in each of the ventures is a Chinese state-owned tobacco entity. Flake expansion in China was completed in 2007. In addition, approximately 9% of our 2007 acetate tow sales were sold directly to China, the largest single market for acetate tow in the world. Tow expansions at each of the ventures were completed in 2005.

 

Nutrinova’s food ingredients business consists of the production and sale of high intensity sweeteners and food protection ingredients, such as sorbic acid and sorbates worldwide. Nutrinova’s food protection ingredients are mainly used in foods, beverages and personal care products. The primary raw materials for these products are ketene and crotonaldehyde. Sorbates pricing is extremely sensitive to demand and industry capacity and is not necessarily dependent on the prices of raw materials.

 

Acesulfame potassium, a high intensity sweetener marketed under the trademark Sunett^®, is used in a variety of beverages, confections and dairy products throughout the world. Sunett^® pricing for targeted applications reflects the value added by Nutrinova, through technical services and consistent product quality. Nutrinova’s strategy is to be the most reliable and highest quality producer of this product, to develop new product applications and expand into new markets. Nutrinova maintains a strict patent enforcement strategy, which has resulted in favorable outcomes in a number of patent infringement matters in Europe and the United States.

Facilities

 

Acetate Products has production sites in the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom and Belgium, and participates in three manufacturing ventures in China. We shut down our Edmonton flake facility during the second quarter of 2007.

 

In January 2007, we acquired Acetate Products Limited, a manufacturer of cellulose acetate flake, tow and film, located in the United Kingdom. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

 

Nutrinova has production facilities in Germany, as well as sales and distribution facilities in all major world markets.

 

Markets

 

The following table illustrates the destination of the net sales of the Consumer Specialties segment by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Net Sales to External Customers by Destination — Consumer Specialties

 

 

Sales in the acetate tow industry were principally to the major tobacco companies that account for a majority of worldwide cigarette production. Our contracts with most of our customers are entered into on an annual basis.

 

Nutrinova directly markets Sunett^® primarily to a limited number of large multinational and regional customers in the beverage and food industry under long-term and annual contracts. Nutrinova markets food protection ingredients primarily through regional distributors to small and medium sized customers and directly through regional sales offices to large multinational customers in the food industry.

 

Competition

 

Acetate Products’ principal competitors include Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd. (“Daicel”), Eastman Chemical Corporation (“Eastman”) and Rhodia S.A.

 

The principal competitors for Nutrinova’s Sunett^® sweetener are Holland Sweetener Company, The NutraSweet Company, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tate & Lyle PLC and several Chinese manufacturers. In sorbates, Nutrinova competes with Nantong AA, Daicel, Yu Yao/Ningbo, Yancheng AmeriPac and other Chinese manufacturers of sorbates.

 

Industrial Specialties

 

Our Industrial Specialties segment includes the Emulsions, PVOH and AT Plastics businesses. Our Emulsions business is a global leader which produces a broad product portfolio, specializing in vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsions and is the recognized leader in environmentally-friendly low-volatile organic compounds technology for paint in Europe. Also a global leader, our PVOH business produces and sells a broad portfolio of performance PVOH chemicals engineered to meet specific customer requirements. AT Plastics offers a complete line of low-density polyethylene and specialty, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers. See Item 1. Business — Segment Overview for discussion of key products and major end-use markets.

Business Lines

 

The products in our Emulsions business include conventional vinyl and acrylate based emulsions and high-pressure vinyl acetate ethylene emulsions. Emulsions are made from VAM, acrylate esters and styrene. Celanese Emulsions is the leading producer of polyvinyl acetate and vinyl acetate ethylene emulsions in Europe. They are a key component of water-based surface coatings, adhesives, non-woven textiles, glass fiber and other applications.

 

Sales from the Emulsions business amounted to approximately 14% of our consolidated net sales for each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

PVOH is used in adhesives, building products, paper coatings, films and textiles. The primary raw material to produce PVOH is VAM, while acetic acid is produced as a by-product. Products are sold on a global basis and prices vary depending on industry segment and end-use application. According to industry sources on PVOH, we are the largest North American producer of PVOH and the third largest producer in the world.

 

AT Plastics produces EVA copolymers that are used in the manufacture of hot melt adhesives, automotive carpeting, lamination film products, flexible packaging films, medical tubing and photovoltaic cells. EVA copolymers are produced in high-pressure reactors from ethylene and VAM.

 

Facilities

 

Emulsions has production sites in the United States, Canada, China, Spain, Sweden, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany.

 

PVOH has production sites in the United States and Spain along with sales and distribution facilities in Europe, Asia and Latin America. We shutdown our Roussillon, France facility during the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

AT Plastics has a production facility in Edmonton, Alberta Canada.

 

Markets

 

The following table illustrates the destination of the net sales of the Industrial Specialties segment by geographic region for years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Net Sales to External Customers by Destination — Industrial Specialties

 

 

Emulsions are sold to a diverse group of regional and multinational customers. Customers for emulsions are manufacturers of water-based paints and coatings, adhesives, paper, building and construction products, glass fiber and non-woven textiles.

 

PVOH is sold to a diverse group of regional and multinational customers mainly under multi-year contracts. The customers of the PVOH business line are primarily engaged in the production of adhesives, paper, films, building products and textiles.

 

AT Plastics sells to a diverse group of regional and multinational customers. Customers for AT Plastics are primarily engaged in the manufacture of adhesives, automotive components, packaging materials, print media and solar energy products.

Competition

 

Principal competitors in the Emulsions business include Air Products, The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”), Rohm & Haas Company, BASF, Dairen, Wacker and several smaller regional manufacturers.

 

Principal competitors in the PVOH business include Kuraray Co., Ltd., DuPont, Chang Chun Petrochemical Co., Ltd., The Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and several Chinese manufacturers.

 

Principal competitors for the AT Plastics EVA copolymers business include DuPont, ExxonMobil Chemical, Arkema and other Asian manufacturers.

 

Acetyl Intermediates

 

Our Acetyl Intermediates segment produces and supplies acetyl products, including acetic acid, VAM, acetic anhydride and acetate esters. Other chemicals produced in this segment are organic solvents and intermediates for pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical products. See Item 1. Business — Segment Overview for discussion of key products and major end-use markets.

 

Business Lines

 

Acetyls.  The acetyls business line produces:

 

 

Acetic acid and VAM, our basic products, are directly impacted by the global supply/demand balance for each of the products and can be described as cyclical in nature. The principal raw materials in these products are natural gas and ethylene, which we purchase from numerous sources; carbon monoxide, which we purchase under long-term contracts; methanol, which we purchase under long-term and short-term contracts; and butane, which we purchase from one supplier and can also obtain from other sources. All these raw materials, except carbon monoxide, are commodities available from a wide variety of sources.

 

Our production of acetyl products employs leading proprietary and licensed technologies, including our proprietary AOPlus technology for the production of acetic acid and VAntage and VAntage Plus vinyl acetate monomer technology.

 

Solvents and Derivatives.  The solvents and derivatives business line produces a variety of solvents, formaldehyde and other chemicals, which in turn are used in the manufacture of paints, coatings, adhesives and other products.

 

Many solvents and derivatives products are derived from our production of acetic acid. Primary products are:

 

 

Formaldehyde and formaldehyde derivative products are derivatives of methanol and are made up of the following products:

 

 

Solvents and derivatives are commodity products characterized by cyclicality in pricing. The principal raw materials used in the solvents and derivatives business line are acetic acid, various alcohols, methanol, propylene, ethylene, and ammonia. We manufacture many of these raw materials for our own use as well as for sales to third parties, including our competitors in the solvents and derivatives business. We purchase propylene and ethylene from a variety of sources. We manufacture acetaldehyde in Europe for our own use, as well as for sale to third parties.

 

Sales from the acetyls products line amounted to approximately 34%, 33% and 32% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Sales from the solvents and derivatives products line amounted to approximately 12%, 13% and 14% of our consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

Facilities

 

Acetyl Intermediates has production sites in the United States, China, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France and Germany. We also participate in a venture in Saudi Arabia that produces methanol and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (“MTBE”). Over the last few years, we have continued to shift our production capacity to lower cost production facilities while expanding in growth markets, such as China.

 

Markets

 

The following table illustrates net sales by destination of the Acetyl Intermediates segment by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

Net Sales to External Customers by Destination — Acetyl Intermediates

 

 

Acetyl Intermediates markets its products both directly to customers and through distributors.

 

Acetic acid, VAM and acetic anhydride are global businesses which have several large customers. Generally, we supply these global customers under multi-year contracts. The customers of acetic acid, VAM and acetic anhydride produce polymers used in water-based paints, adhesives, paper coatings, polyesters, film modifiers, pharmaceuticals, cellulose acetate and textiles. We have long-standing relationships with most of these customers.

 

Solvents and derivatives are sold to a diverse group of regional and multinational customers both under multi-year contracts and on the basis of long-standing relationships. The customers of solvents and derivatives are

primarily engaged in the production of paints, coatings and adhesives. We manufacture formaldehyde for our own use as well as for sale to a few regional customers that include manufacturers in the wood products and chemical derivatives industries. The sale of formaldehyde is based on both long and short term agreements. Specialty solvents and amines are sold globally to a wide variety of customers, primarily in the coatings and resins and the specialty products industries. These products serve global markets in the synthetic lubricant, agrochemical, rubber processing and other specialty chemical areas.

 

Competition

 

Our principal competitors in the Acetyl Intermediates segment include Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Atofina S.A., BASF, Borden Chemical, Inc., British Petroleum PLC, Chang Chun Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Daicel, Dow, Eastman, DuPont, Lyondell Bassel Industries, Nippon Gohsei, Perstorp Inc., Rohm & Haas Company, Jiangsu Sopo Corporation (Group) Ltd., Showa Denko K.K., and Kuraray Co. Ltd.

 

Other Activities

 

Other Activities primarily consists of corporate center costs, including financing and administrative activities such as legal, accounting and treasury functions, interest income or expense associated with our financing activities, and the captive insurance companies. Our two wholly-owned captive insurance companies are a key component of our global risk management program, as well as a form of self insurance for our property, liability and workers compensation risks. The captive insurance companies issue insurance policies to our subsidiaries to provide consistent coverage amid fluctuating costs in the insurance market and to lower long-term insurance costs by avoiding or reducing commercial carrier overhead and regulatory fees. The captive insurance companies issue insurance policies and coordinate claims-handling services with third-party service providers. They retain risk at levels approved by management and obtain reinsurance coverage from third parties to limit the net risk retained. One of the captive insurance companies also insures certain third-party risks.

 

Investments

 

We have a significant portfolio of strategic investments, including a number of ventures, in Asia, North America and Europe. In aggregate, these strategic investments enjoy significant sales, earnings and cash flow. We have entered into these strategic investments in order to gain access to local markets, minimize costs and accelerate growth in areas we believe have significant future business potential. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

 

The table below represents our significant ventures as of December 31, 2007:

 

Major Equity Investments

 

Korea Engineering Plastics Co. Ltd.  Founded in 1987, KEPCO is the leading producer of polyacetal in South Korea. Mitsubishi owns the remaining 50% of KEPCO. KEPCO operates a 55,000-ton annual capacity POM plant in Ulsan, South Korea and participates with Polyplastics and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc. in a world-scale 60,000 metric ton POM facility in Nantong, China.

 

Polyplastics Co., Ltd.  Polyplastics is a leading supplier of engineered plastics in the Asia-Pacific region. Polyplastics’ principal production facilities are located in Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and China. We believe Polyplastics is the largest producer and marketer of POM in the Asia-Pacific region.

 

Fortron Industries LLC.  Fortron Industries LLC is a leading global producer of PPS. Production facilities are located in Wilmington, North Carolina. We believe Fortron has the leading technology in linear polymer applications.

 

Major Cost Investments

 

National Methanol Co. (Ibn Sina).  With production facilities in Saudi Arabia, National Methanol Co. represents approximately 2% of the world’s methanol production capacity and is the world’s eighth largest producer of MTBE. Methanol and MTBE are key global commodity chemical products. We indirectly own a 25% interest in National Methanol Co., with the remainder held by SABIC (50%) and Texas Eastern Arabian Corporation Ltd. (25%). SABIC has responsibility for all product marketing.

 

China Acetate Products Ventures.  We hold approximately 30% ownership interests (50% board representation) in three separate Acetate Products production entities in China: the Nantong, Kunming and Zhuhai Cellulose Fiber Companies. In each instance, Chinese state-owned entities control the remainder. The ventures fund investments using operating cash flows.

 

These cost investments in which we own greater than a 20% ownership interest are accounted for under the cost method of accounting because we cannot exercise significant influence, are not involved in the day-to-day operations and are unable to obtain timely financial information prepared in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) from these entities.

 

Other Equity Investments

 

InfraServs.  We hold ownership interests in several InfraServ groups located in Germany. InfraServs own and develop industrial parks and provide on-site general and administrative support to tenants.

 

Other Investments

 

In March 2007, we entered into a strategic partnership with Accsys Technologies PLC (“Accsys”), and its subsidiary, Titan Wood, to become the exclusive supplier of acetyl products to Titan Wood’s technology licensees for use in wood acetylation. In connection with this partnership, in May 2007, we acquired 8,115,883 shares of Accsys’ common stock representing approximately 5.45% of the total voting shares of Accsys for €22 million ($30 million). The investment is treated as an available-for-sale security and is included as a component of current Other assets on our consolidated balance sheet. On November 20, 2007, we, along with Accsys, announced that we agreed to amend our business arrangements so that each company will have a nonexclusive “at-will” trading and supply relationship to give both companies greater flexibility. As part of this amendment, we have the ability to sell our common stock ownership in Accsys through an orderly placement of our Accsys shares. As of December 31, 2007, we sold 1,238,016 shares of Accsys’ common stock for approximately €4 million ($6 million), which resulted in a gain of approximately $1 million. In January 2008, we sold an additional 1,375,573 shares of Accsys’ common stock for approximately €3 million ($5 million).

 

Raw Materials and Energy

 

We purchase a variety of raw materials from sources in many countries for use in our production processes. We have a policy of maintaining, when available, multiple sources of supply for materials. However, some of our

individual plants may have single sources of supply for some of their raw materials, such as carbon monoxide, steam and acetaldehyde. Although we have been able to obtain sufficient supplies of raw materials, there can be no assurance that unforeseen developments will not affect our raw material supply. Even if we have multiple sources of supply for a raw material, there can be no assurance that these sources can make up for the loss of a major supplier. There cannot be any guarantee that profitability will not be affected should we be required to qualify additional sources of supply in the event of the loss of a sole supplier. In addition, the price of raw materials varies, often substantially, from year to year.

 

A substantial portion of our products and raw materials are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply/demand fundamentals change. Our production facilities rely largely on coal, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity for energy. Most of the raw materials for our European operations are centrally purchased by our subsidiary, which also buys raw materials on behalf of third parties. We manage our exposure through the use of derivative instruments and forward purchase contracts for commodity price hedging, entering into long-term supply agreements and multi-year purchasing and sales agreements. As of December 31, 2007, we did not have any open commodity financial derivative contracts. See Notes 3 and 23 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

 

We also currently purchase and lease supplies of various precious metals, such as rhodium, used as catalysts for the manufacture of chemical products. With growing demand for these precious metals, most notably in the automotive industry, the cost to purchase or lease these precious metals has increased, caused by a shortage in supply. For precious metals, the leases are distributed between a minimum of three lessors per product and are divided into several contracts. Although we seek to offset increases in raw material prices with corresponding increases in the prices of our products, we may not be able to do so, and there may be periods when such product price increases lag behind raw material cost increases.

 

Research and Development

 

All of our businesses conduct research and development activities to increase competitiveness. Our businesses are innovation-oriented and conduct research and development activities to develop new, and optimize existing, production technologies, as well as to develop commercially viable new products and applications. We consider the amount spent during each of the last three fiscal years on research and development activities to be adequate to drive our growth programs.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We attach great importance to patents, trademarks, copyrights and product designs in order to protect our investment in research and development, manufacturing and marketing. Our policy is to seek the widest possible protection for significant product and process developments in our major markets. Patents may cover products, processes, intermediate products and product uses. We also seek to register trademarks extensively as a means of protecting the brand names of our products, which brand names become more important once the corresponding patents have expired. We protect our trademarks vigorously against infringement and also seek to register design protection where appropriate.

 

In most industrial countries, patent protection exists for new substances and formulations, as well as for unique applications and production processes. However, we do business in regions of the world where intellectual property protection may be limited and difficult to enforce. We maintain strict information security policies and procedures wherever we do business. Such information security policies and procedures include data encryption, controls over the disclosure and safekeeping of confidential information, as well as employee awareness training. Moreover, we monitor our competitors and vigorously challenge patent and trademark infringement. For example, Acetyl Intermediates maintains a strict patent enforcement strategy, which has resulted in favorable outcomes in a number of patent infringement matters in Europe, Asia and the United States. We are currently pursuing a number of matters relating to the infringement of our acetic acid patents. Some of our earlier acetic acid patents expired in 2007; other patent applications covering acetic acid are presently pending.

 

Neither our business as a whole nor any particular segment is materially dependent upon any one particular patent, trademark, copyright or trade secret.

Trademarks

 

AOPlus^tm, BuyTiconaDirect^tm, Celanex^®, Celcon^®, Celstran^®, Celvol^®, Celvolit^®, Compel^®, Erkol^®, GUR^®, Hostaform^®, Impet^®, Impet-HI^®, Mowilith^®, Nutrinova^®, Riteflex^®, Sunett^®, Vandar^®, VAntage^tm, Vectra^®, Vectran^®, Vinamul^®, Elite^®, Duroset^® and certain other products and services named in this document are registered trademarks and service marks of the Company. Acetex^® is a registered trademark of Acetex Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company. Fortron^® is a registered trademark of Fortron Industries LLC, a venture of Celanese. Vectran is a registered trademark of Kuraray Co., Ltd.

 

Environmental and Other Regulation

 

Matters pertaining to the environment are discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Notes 17 and 24 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 8,400 employees worldwide from continuing operations, compared to 8,900 as of December 31, 2006. This represents a decrease of approximately 6%. The decrease primarily relates to acquisitions and divestitures during 2007. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. The following table sets forth the approximate number of employees on a continuing basis as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

 

Many of our employees are unionized, particularly in Germany, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Belgium and France. However, in the United States, less than one quarter of our employees are unionized. Moreover, in Germany and France, wages and general working conditions are often the subject of centrally negotiated collective bargaining agreements. Within the limits established by these agreements, our various subsidiaries negotiate directly with the unions and other labor organizations, such as workers’ councils, representing the employees. Collective bargaining agreements between the German chemical employers associations and unions relating to remuneration typically have a term of one year, while in the United States a three year term for collective bargaining agreements is typical. We offer comprehensive benefit plans for employees and their families and believe our relations with employees are satisfactory.

 

Backlog

 

We do not consider backlog to be a significant indicator of the level of future sales activity. In general, we do not manufacture our products against a backlog of orders. Production and inventory levels are based on the level of incoming orders as well as projections of future demand. Therefore, we believe that backlog information is not material to understanding our overall business and should not be considered a reliable indicator of our ability to achieve any particular level of revenue or financial performance.

Available Information — Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Filings and Corporate Governance Materials

 

We make available free of charge, through our Internet website (www.celanese.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Celanese Corporation, that electronically file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

 

We also make available free of charge, through our internet website, our Corporate Governance Guidelines of our Board of Directors and the charters of each of the committees of the board. Such materials are also available in print upon the written request of any shareholder to Celanese Corporation, 1601 West LBJ Freeway, Dallas, Texas, 75234-6034, Attention: Investor Relations.

 

Many factors could have an effect on our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. We are subject to various risks resulting from changing economic, environmental, political, industry, business and financial conditions. The factors described below represent our principal risks.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We are a company with operations around the world and are exposed to general economic, political and regulatory conditions and risks in the countries in which we have significant operations.

 

We operate in the global market and have customers in many countries. We have major facilities primarily located in North America, Europe and Asia, and hold interests in ventures that operate in Germany, China, Japan, South Korea and Saudi Arabia. Our principal customers are similarly global in scope, and the prices of our most significant products are typically world market prices. Consequently, our business and financial results are affected, directly and indirectly, by world economic, political and regulatory conditions.

 

Conditions such as the uncertainties associated with war, terrorist activities, epidemics, pandemics or political instability in any of the countries in which we operate could affect us by causing delays or losses in the supply or delivery of raw materials and products, as well as increasing security costs, insurance premiums and other expenses. These conditions could also result in or lengthen economic recession in the United States, Europe, Asia or elsewhere. Moreover, changes in laws or regulations, such as unexpected changes in regulatory requirements (including import or export licensing requirements), or changes in the reporting requirements of the United States, German or European Union governmental agencies, could increase the cost of doing business in these regions. Any of these conditions may have an effect on our business and financial results as a whole and may result in volatile current and future prices for our securities, including our stock.

 

In particular, we have invested significant resources in China and other Asian countries. We anticipate that this region will experience significant growth in the coming years; however, if this region’s growth is slower than we anticipate, we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits associated with our investment there and our financial results may be adversely impacted.

 

The industries of many of our customers, particularly the automotive, electrical, construction and textile industries are cyclical in nature and sensitive to changes in economic conditions. A downturn in one or more of these industries may result in a reduction in our operating margins or in operating losses.

 

Some of the markets in which our customers participate, such as the automotive, electrical, construction and textile industries, are cyclical in nature, thus posing a risk to us which is beyond our control. These markets are highly competitive, to a large extent driven by end-use markets, and may experience overcapacity, all of which may affect demand for and pricing of our products.

We are subject to risks associated with the increased volatility in the prices and availability of key raw materials and energy.

 

We purchase significant amounts of natural gas, ethylene, butane, methanol and propylene from third parties for use in our production of basic chemicals in the Acetyl Intermediates segment, principally formaldehyde, acetic acid and VAM. We use a portion of our output of these chemicals, in turn, as inputs in the production of further products in all our segments. We also purchase significant amounts of cellulose or wood pulp for use in our production of cellulose acetate in the Consumer Specialties segment. The price of many of these items is dependent on the available supply of such item and may increase significantly as a result of production disruptions or strikes. For example, the unplanned shutdown of our Clear Lake, Texas facility together with other tight supply conditions caused a shortage of acetic acid and increased the price for such product during 2007. In addition, prices of natural gas and oil increased dramatically in 2007 and 2006 for reasons outside of our control.

 

We own or lease supplies of various precious metals, such as rhodium, used as catalysts for the production of these chemicals. With growing demand for these precious metals, most notably in the automotive industry, the cost to purchase or lease these precious metals has increased, caused by a shortage in supply.

 

We are exposed to any volatility in the prices of our raw materials and energy. Although we have agreements providing for the supply of natural gas, ethylene, propylene, wood pulp, electricity, coal and fuel oil, the contractual prices for these raw materials and energy vary with market conditions and may be highly volatile. Factors which have caused volatility in our raw material prices in the past and which may do so in the future include:

 

 

If we are not able to fully offset the effects of higher energy and raw material costs, or if such commodities were unavailable, it could have a significant adverse effect on our financial results.

 

Failure to develop new products and production technologies or to implement productivity and cost reduction initiatives successfully may harm our competitive position.

 

Our operating results, especially in our Consumer Specialties and Advanced Engineered Materials segments, depend significantly on the development of commercially viable new products, product grades and applications, as well as production technologies. If we are unsuccessful in developing new products, applications and production processes in the future, our competitive position and operating results may be negatively affected. Likewise, we have undertaken and are continuing to undertake initiatives in all segments to improve productivity and performance and to generate cost savings. These initiatives may not be completed or beneficial or the estimated cost savings from such activities may not be realized.

 

Environmental regulations and other obligations relating to environmental matters could subject us to liability for fines, clean-ups and other damages, require us to incur significant costs to modify our operations and increase our manufacturing and delivery costs.

 

Costs related to our compliance with environmental laws and regulations, and potential obligations with respect to contaminated sites may have a significant negative impact on our operating results. These include obligations related to sites currently or formerly owned or operated by us, or where waste from our operations was disposed. We also have obligations related to the indemnity agreement contained in the demerger and transfer agreement between CAG and Hoechst, also referred to as the demerger agreement, for environmental matters arising out of certain divestitures that took place prior to the demerger. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates — Environmental Liabilities” and Notes 17 and 24 to the consolidated financial statements.

Our operations are subject to extensive international, national, state, local, and other supranational laws and regulations that govern environmental and health and safety matters, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (“RCRA”). We incur substantial capital and other costs to comply with these requirements. If we violate them, we can be held liable for substantial fines and other sanctions, including limitations on our operations as a result of changes to or revocations of environmental permits involved. Stricter environmental, safety and health laws, regulations and enforcement policies could result in substantial costs and liabilities to us or limitations on our operations and could subject our handling, manufacture, use, reuse or disposal of substances or pollutants to more rigorous scrutiny than at present. Consequently, compliance with these laws and regulations could result in significant capital expenditures as well as other costs and liabilities, which could cause our business and operating results to be less favorable than expected.

 

We are also involved in several claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings relating to environmental matters. An adverse outcome in any of them may negatively affect our earnings and cash flows in a particular reporting period.

 

Changes in environmental, health and safety regulatory requirements could lead to a decrease in demand for our products.

 

New or revised governmental regulations relating to health, safety and the environment may also affect demand for our products.

 

Pursuant to the European Union regulation on Risk Assessment of Existing Chemicals, the European Chemicals Bureau of the European Commission has been conducting risk assessments on approximately 140 major chemicals. The chemicals being evaluated include VAM, which we produce. These risk assessments entail a multi-stage process to determine the risk posed by manufacturing and handling the product. In the case of VAM, we expect the finalized evaluation by mid 2008. We and other VAM producers are participating in this evaluation process with detailed scientific analyses. We cannot predict the outcome or effect of any final ruling.

 

In a separate process, in September 2007 the EU-Working group on classification and labelling of dangerous substances under Directive 67/548/EEC agreed that VAM should be classified in the EU as showing limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect (category 3 carcinogen). This classification and related labelling requirement should apply only to finished products that contain more than 10.000 parts per million of free monomer.

 

Several studies have investigated possible links between formaldehyde exposure and various end points including leukemia. The International Agency for Research on Cancer or IARC reclassified formaldehyde from Group 2A (probable human carcinogen) to Group 1 (known human carcinogen) based on studies linking formaldehyde exposure to nasopharyngeal cancer, a rare cancer in humans. IARC also concluded that there is insufficient evidence for a causal association between leukemia and occupational exposure to formaldehyde, although it also characterized evidence for such an association as strong. The results of IARC’s review will be examined by government agencies with responsibility for setting worker and environmental exposure standards and labeling requirements. We are a producer of formaldehyde and plastics derived from formaldehyde. We are participating together with other producers and users in the evaluations of these findings. We cannot predict the final effect of IARC’s reclassification.

 

The Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (“REACH”), a chemicals policy, became effective in the European Union on June 1, 2007. REACH established a system to register and evaluate chemicals manufactured in, or imported to, the European Union. Additional testing, documentation and risk assessments of various chemicals will occur across the chemical industry. Some chemical products may have to be taken off the market. As a result of REACH, we are likely to incur additional costs to test, document and register products used and/or manufactured by us. In addition, potential litigation arising from REACH may adversely affect our operations and financial results by imposing other additional costs on us and/or restricting our ability to import or export certain chemical products.

 

Other pending initiatives will potentially require toxicological testing and risk assessments of a wide variety of chemicals, including chemicals used or produced by us. These initiatives include the Voluntary Children’s

Chemical Evaluation Program and High Production Volume Chemical Initiative in the United States, as well as various European Commission programs, such as the European Environment and Health Strategy (“SCALE”).

 

The above-mentioned assessments in the United States and Europe may result in heightened concerns about the chemicals involved and additional requirements being placed on the production, handling, labeling or use of the subject chemicals. Such concerns and additional requirements could increase the cost incurred by our customers to use our chemical products and otherwise limit the use of these products, which could lead to a decrease in demand for these products. Such a decrease in demand would likely have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

 

Our production facilities handle the processing of some volatile and hazardous materials that subject us to operating risks that could have a negative effect on our operating results.

 

Our operations are subject to operating risks associated with chemical manufacturing, including the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products and waste. These risks include, among other things, pipeline and storage tank leaks and ruptures, explosions and fires and discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous substances.

 

These operating risks can cause personal injury, property damage and environmental contamination, and may result in the shutdown of affected facilities and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. The occurrence of any of these events may disrupt production and have a negative effect on the productivity and profitability of a particular manufacturing facility and our operating results and cash flows.

 

Production at our manufacturing facilities could be disrupted for a variety of reasons, which could prevent us from producing enough of our products to maintain our sales and satisfy our customers’ demands.

 

A disruption in production at our manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business. Disruptions could occur for many reasons, including fire, natural disasters, weather, unplanned maintenance or other manufacturing problems, disease, strikes, transportation interruption, government regulation or terrorism. Alternative facilities with sufficient capacity or capabilities may not be available, may cost substantially more or may take a significant time to start production, each of which could negatively affect our business and financial performance. If one of our key manufacturing facilities is unable to produce our products for an extended period of time, our sales may be reduced by the shortfall caused by the disruption and we may not be able to meet our customers’ needs, which could cause them to seek other suppliers. For example, during 2007, production was disrupted for an extended period of time at our Clear Lake, Texas facility that produces primarily acetic acid and VAM. The disruption was caused by an unplanned outage of our acetic acid unit. Because of this disruption, the volumes of our Acetyl Intermediates segment were lower than we had expected for 2007 as we were unable to fully offset the lost production. Similar outages could occur in the future from unexpected disruptions at any of our other manufacturing facilities of key products. Such outages could have an adverse effect on our results of operations in future reporting periods.

 

We may experience unexpected difficulties in the relocation of our Ticona operations from Kelsterbach to the Rhine Main area, which may increase our costs, delay the transition or disrupt our ability to supply our customers.

 

We have agreed with Fraport to relocate our Kelsterbach, Germany business, resolving several years of legal disputes related to the planned Frankfurt airport expansion. As a result of the settlement, we will transition Ticona’s operations from Kelsterbach to another location in Germany by mid-2011. In July 2007, we announced that we would relocate the Kelsterbach, Germany business to the Hoechst Industrial Park in the Rhine Main area. Over a five-year period, Fraport will pay Ticona a total of €670 million to offset the costs associated with the transition of the business from its current location and the closure of the Kelsterbach plant. While the settlement and related payment amount are meant to be cost-neutral and represent the actual amount we will require to select a site, build new production facilities, demolish old production facilities and transition business activities according to schedule and without any disruptions to customer supply, we may encounter unexpected costs or other difficulties during the relocation process that bring the total costs of the relocation to an amount greater than the compensation provided

by Fraport. The relocation of these facilities represents a major logistical undertaking, and we may have underestimated the amount that will be required to carry out every aspect of the relocation. We may lose the services of valuable experienced employees during the transition if they decide not to work at the new location. The construction of the new facilities may not be complete on time or may face cost overruns. If our costs relating to the relocation exceed the amount of payments from Fraport or if the relocation causes other unexpected difficulties, our expenses may increase or supplies to our customers may be disrupted.

 

If supply to our customers is disrupted for an extended period, this could negatively impact the reputation of this business and result in the loss of customers. Such effects could have an adverse impact on our results of operations in future periods.

 

Recent federal regulations aimed at increasing security at certain chemical production plants and similar legislation that may be proposed in the future could, if passed into law, require us to relocate certain manufacturing activities and require us to alter or discontinue our production of certain chemical products, thereby increasing our operating costs and causing an adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

Regulations have recently been issued by the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) aimed at decreasing the risk, and effects, of potential terrorist attacks on chemical plants located within the United States. Pursuant to these regulations, these goals would be accomplished in part through the requirement that certain high-priority facilities develop a prevention, preparedness, and response plan after conducting a vulnerability assessment. In addition, companies may be required to evaluate the possibility of using less dangerous chemicals and technologies as part of their vulnerability assessments and prevention plans and implementing feasible safer technologies in order to minimize potential damage to their facilities from a terrorist attack. We have registered certain of our sites with DHS in accordance with these regulations, however, DHS has not yet completed its risk assessment for our sites and until that is done we cannot state with certainty the costs associated with any security plans that DHS may require. These regulations may be revised further, and additional legislation may be proposed in the future on this topic. It is possible that such future legislation could contain terms that are more restrictive than what has recently been passed and which would be more costly to us. We cannot predict the final form of currently pending legislation, or other related legislation that may be passed and can provide no assurance that such legislation will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations in a future reporting period.

 

Our significant non-US operations expose us to global exchange rate fluctuations that could adversely impact our profitability.

 

We are exposed to market risk through commercial and financial operations. Our market risk consists principally of exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. As we conduct a significant portion of our operations outside the United States, fluctuations in currencies of other countries, especially the Euro, may materially affect our operating results. For example, changes in currency exchange rates may decrease our profits in comparison to the profits of our competitors on the same products sold in the same markets and increase the cost of items required in our operations.

 

A substantial portion of our net sales is denominated in currencies other than the US dollar. In our consolidated financial statements, we translate our local currency financial results into US dollars based on average exchange rates prevailing during a reporting period or the exchange rate at the end of that period. During times of a strengthening US dollar, at a constant level of business, our reported international sales, earnings, assets and liabilities will be reduced because the local currency will translate into fewer US dollars.

 

In addition to currency translation risks, we incur a currency transaction risk whenever one of our operating subsidiaries enters into either a purchase or a sales transaction using a currency different from the operating subsidiary’s functional currency. Given the volatility of exchange rates, we may not be able to manage our currency transaction and translation risks effectively, and volatility in currency exchange rates may expose our financial condition or results of operations to a significant additional risk. Since a portion of our indebtedness is and will be denominated in currencies other than US dollars, a weakening of the US dollar could make it more difficult for us to repay our indebtedness.

We use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations, but we cannot guarantee that our hedging strategies will be effective. Failure to effectively manage these risks could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Significant changes in pension fund investment performance or assumptions relating to pension costs may have a material effect on the valuation of pension obligations, the funded status of pension plans, and our pension cost.

 

The cost of our pension plans is incurred over long periods of time and involve many uncertainties during those periods of time. Our funding policy for pension plans is to accumulate plan assets that, over the long run, will approximate the present value of projected benefit obligations. Our pension cost is materially affected by the discount rate used to measure pension obligations, the level of plan assets available to fund those obligations at the measurement date and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Significant changes in investment performance or a change in the portfolio mix of invested assets can result in corresponding increases and decreases in the valuation of plan assets, particularly equity securities, or in a change of the expected rate of return on plan assets. A change in the discount rate would result in a significant increase or decrease in the valuation of pension obligations, affecting the reported funded status of our pension plans as well as the net periodic pension cost in the following fiscal years. In recent years, an extended duration strategy in the asset portfolio has been implemented to minimize the influence of liability volatility due to interest rate movements. Similarly, changes in the expected return on plan assets can result in significant changes in the net periodic pension cost for subsequent fiscal years. If the value of our pension fund’s portfolio declines or does not perform as expected or if our experience with the fund leads us to change our assumptions regarding the fund, we may be required to contribute additional capital to the fund.

 

Our future success will depend in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights. Our inability to enforce these rights could reduce our ability to maintain our market position and our profit margins.

 

We attach great importance to patents, trademarks, copyrights and product designs in order to protect our investment in research and development, manufacturing and marketing. Our policy is to seek the widest possible protection for significant product and process developments in our major markets. Patents may cover products, processes, intermediate products and product uses. Protection for individual products extends for varying periods in accordance with the date of patent application filing and the legal life of patents in the various countries. The protection afforded, which may also vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent and its scope of coverage. As patents expire, the products and processes described and claimed in those patents become generally available for use by the public. We also seek to register trademarks extensively as a means of protecting the brand names of our products, which brand names become more important once the corresponding patents have expired. Our continued growth strategy may bring us to regions of the world where intellectual property protection may be limited and difficult to enforce. If we are not successful in protecting our trademark or patent rights, our revenues, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

 

Provisions in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws, as well as any shareholders’ rights plan, may discourage a takeover attempt.

 

Provisions contained in our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our shareholders. Provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws impose various procedural and other requirements, which could make it more difficult for shareholders to effect certain corporate actions. For example, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of unissued series of preferred stock, without any vote or action by our shareholders. Thus, our Board of Directors can authorize and issue shares of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting or other rights of holders of our Series A common stock. These rights may have the effect of delaying or deterring a change of control of our company. In addition, a change of control of our company may be delayed or deterred as a result of our having three classes of directors (each class

elected for a three year term) or as a result of any shareholders’ rights plan that our Board of Directors may adopt. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our Series A common stock.

 

Risks Related to the Acquisition of CAG

 

The amounts of the fair cash compensation and of the guaranteed annual payment offered under the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement (“Domination Agreement”) may be increased, which may further reduce the funds the Purchaser can otherwise make available to us.

 

Several minority shareholders of CAG have initiated special award proceedings seeking the court’s review of the amounts of the fair cash compensation and of the guaranteed annual payment offered under the Domination Agreement. On March 14, 2005, the Frankfurt District Court dismissed on grounds of inadmissibility the motions of all minority shareholders regarding the initiation of these special award proceedings. In January 2006, the Frankfurt Higher District Court ruled that the appeals were admissible, and the proceedings will therefore continue. On December 12, 2006, the Frankfurt District Court appointed an expert to help determine the value of CAG. As a result of these proceedings, the amounts of the fair cash compensation and of the guaranteed annual payment could be increased by the court, and the Purchaser would be required to make such payments within two months after the publication of the court’s ruling. Any such increase may be substantial. All minority shareholders would be entitled to claim the respective higher amounts. This may reduce the funds the Purchaser can make available to us and, accordingly, diminish our ability to make payments on our indebtedness. See Notes 2 and 24 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

 

The Purchaser may be required to compensate CAG for annual losses, which may reduce the funds the Purchaser can otherwise make available to us.

 

Under the Domination Agreement, the Purchaser is required, among other things, to compensate CAG for any annual loss incurred, determined in accordance with German accounting requirements, by CAG at the end of the fiscal year in which the loss was incurred. This obligation to compensate CAG for annual losses will apply during the entire term of the Domination Agreement. If CAG incurs losses during any period of the operative term of the Domination Agreement and if such losses lead to an annual loss of CAG at the end of any given fiscal year during the term of the Domination Agreement, the Purchaser will be obligated to make a corresponding cash payment to CAG to the extent that the respective annual loss is not fully compensated for by the dissolution of profit reserves accrued at the level of CAG during the term of the Domination Agreement. The Purchaser may be able to reduce or avoid cash payments to CAG by off-setting against such loss compensation claims by CAG any valuable counterclaims against CAG that the Purchaser may have. If the Purchaser is obligated to make cash payments to CAG to cover an annual loss, we may not have sufficient funds to make payments on our indebtedness when due and, unless the Purchaser is able to obtain funds from a source other than annual profits of CAG, the Purchaser may not be able to satisfy its obligation to fund such shortfall. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

We and two of our subsidiaries have taken on certain obligations with respect to the Purchaser’s obligation under the Domination Agreement and intercompany indebtedness to CAG, which may diminish our ability to make payments on our indebtedness.

 

Our subsidiaries, Celanese International Holdings Luxembourg S.à r.l. (“CIH”), formerly Celanese Caylux Holdings Luxembourg S.C.A., and Celanese US, have each agreed to provide the Purchaser with financing so that the Purchaser is at all times in a position to completely meet its obligations under, or in connection with, the Domination Agreement. In addition, Celanese has guaranteed (i) that the Purchaser will meet its obligation under the Domination Agreement to compensate CAG for any annual loss incurred by CAG during the term of the Domination Agreement; and (ii) the repayment of all existing intercompany indebtedness of Celanese’s subsidiaries to CAG. Further, under the terms of Celanese’s guarantee, in certain limited circumstances CAG may be entitled to require the immediate repayment of some or all of the intercompany indebtedness owed by Celanese’s subsidiaries to CAG. If CIH and/or Celanese US are obligated to make payments under their obligations to the Purchaser or CAG, as the case may be, or if the intercompany indebtedness owed to CAG is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds for payments on our indebtedness when due.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

 

Our level of indebtedness could diminish our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or the chemicals industry and prevent us from meeting obligations under our indebtedness.

 

Our total indebtedness is approximately $3.6 billion as of December 31, 2007.

 

Our debt could have important consequences, including:

 

 

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly and affect our operating results.

 

Certain of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates were to increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same. On April 2, 2007, we, through certain of our subsidiaries, entered into a new senior credit agreement. The new senior credit agreement consists of $2,280 million of US dollar denominated and €400 million of Euro denominated term loans due 2014, a $650 million revolving credit facility terminating in 2013 and a $228 million credit-linked revolving facility terminating in 2014. Borrowings under the new senior credit agreement bear interest at a variable interest rate based on LIBOR (for US dollars) or EURIBOR (for Euros), as applicable, or, for US dollar denominated loans under certain circumstances, a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for the term loans and any loans under the credit-linked revolving facility is 1.75%, subject to potential reductions as defined in the new senior credit agreement. The term loans under the new senior credit agreement are subject to amortization at 1% of the initial principal amount per annum, payable quarterly, commencing in July 2007. The remaining principal amount of the term loans will be due on April 2, 2014.

 

If interest rates were to increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately $2.3 billion, €525 million and CNY1.2 billion of variable rate debt, of which $1.6 billion and €150 million is hedged with interest rate swaps, which leaves us approximately $692 million, €375 million and CNY1.2 billion of variable rate debt subject to interest rate exposure. Accordingly, a 1% increase in interest rates would increase annual interest expense by approximately $14 million. There can be no assurance that interest rates will not rise significantly in the future. Such an increase could have an adverse impact on our future results of operations and cash flows.

 

Despite our current debt levels, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more debt.

 

We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The terms of our existing debt do not fully prohibit us from doing so. If new debt, including amounts available under our senior credit agreement, is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Contractual Obligations.”

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our indebtedness, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.

 

Our ability to satisfy our cash needs depends on cash on hand, receipt of additional capital, including possible additional borrowings, and receipt of cash from our subsidiaries by way of distributions, advances or cash payments. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Contractual Obligations.”

 

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on the financial condition and operating performance of our subsidiaries, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

 

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. The senior credit agreement governing our indebtedness restricts our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds which we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.

 

Restrictive covenants in our debt instruments may limit our ability to engage in certain transactions and may diminish our ability to make payments on our indebtedness.

 

The senior credit agreement governing our indebtedness contains various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. The covenants contained in the senior credit agreement limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends on or make other distributions on or repurchase capital stock or make other restricted payments, make investments and sell certain assets.

 

In addition, the senior credit agreement contains covenants that require us to maintain a specified financial ratio if there is outstanding credit exposure under the revolving credit facility. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those tests at all. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the senior credit agreement. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the senior credit agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior credit agreement to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior credit agreement could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. Our subsidiaries have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under the senior credit agreement. If the lenders under the senior credit agreement accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay amounts borrowed under the senior credit agreement as well as their other indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of our stock.

 

The terms of our senior credit agreement limit the ability of BCP Crystal and its subsidiaries to pay dividends or otherwise transfer their assets to us.

 

Our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries and our ability to pay dividends is dependent on the earnings and the distribution of funds from our subsidiaries. However, the terms of our senior credit agreement limit the ability of BCP Crystal and its subsidiaries to pay dividends or otherwise transfer their assets to us. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends on our stock is similarly limited.

 

 

None.

 

Description of Property

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had numerous production and manufacturing facilities throughout the world. We also own or lease other properties, including office buildings, warehouses, pipelines, research and development facilities and sales offices. We continuously review and evaluate our facilities as a part of our strategy to optimize our business portfolio. The following table sets forth a list of our principal production and other facilities throughout the world as of December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

 

Polyplastics has its principal production facilities in Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia. KEPCO has its principal production facilities in South Korea. Our Acetyl Intermediates segment has ventures with manufacturing facilities in Saudi Arabia and Germany and our Consumer Specialties segment has three ventures with production facilities in China.

We believe that our current facilities and those of our consolidated subsidiaries are adequate to meet the requirements of our present and foreseeable future operations. We continue to review our capacity requirements as part of our strategy to maximize our global manufacturing efficiency.

 

For information on environmental issues associated with our properties, see “Business — Environmental and Other Regulation” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Environmental Matters.” Additional information with respect to our property, plant and equipment, and leases is contained in Notes 10 and 22 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings, lawsuits and claims incidental to the normal conduct of our business, relating to such matters as product liability, antitrust, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. While it is impossible at this time to determine with certainty the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, lawsuits and claims, we believe, based on the advice of legal counsel, that adequate provisions have been made and that the ultimate outcomes will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, but may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations or cash flows in any given accounting period. See Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of legal proceedings.

 

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

 

Market Information

 

Our Series A common stock has traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CE” since January 21, 2005. The closing sale price of our Series A common stock, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, on February 20, 2008 was $40.78. The following table sets forth the high and low intraday sales prices per share of our common stock, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, for the periods indicated.

 

 

Holders

 

No shares of Celanese’s Series B common stock are issued and outstanding. As of February 20, 2008, there were 76 holders of record of our Series A common stock, and one holder of record of our perpetual preferred stock. By including persons holding shares in broker accounts under street names, however, we estimate our shareholder base to be approximately 46,500 as of February 20, 2008.

 

Dividend Policy

 

In July 2005, our Board of Directors adopted a policy of declaring, subject to legally available funds, a quarterly cash dividend on each share of our Series A common stock at an annual rate of $0.16 per share unless our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, determines otherwise. Pursuant to this policy, we paid quarterly dividends of $0.04 per share on February 1, 2007, May 1, 2007, August 1, 2007, November 1, 2007 and February 1, 2008 and similar quarterly dividends during each quarter of 2006. The annual cash dividend declared and paid during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were approximately $25 million and $26 million, respectively. Based on the number of outstanding shares of our Series A common stock, the anticipated annual cash dividend in 2008 is approximately $24 million. However, there is no assurance that sufficient cash will be available in the future to pay such dividend. Further, such dividends payable to holders of our Series A common stock cannot be declared or paid nor can any funds be set aside for the payment thereof, unless we have paid or set aside funds for the payment of all accumulated and unpaid dividends with respect to the shares of our preferred stock, as described below. Our Board of Directors may, at any time, modify or revoke our dividend policy on our Series A common stock.

 

We are required under the terms of the preferred stock to pay scheduled quarterly dividends, subject to legally available funds. For so long as the preferred stock remains outstanding, (1) we will not declare, pay or set apart funds for the payment of any dividend or other distribution with respect to any junior stock or parity stock and (2) neither we, nor any of our subsidiaries, will, subject to certain exceptions, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration junior stock or parity stock through a sinking fund or otherwise, in each case unless we have paid or set apart funds for the payment of all accumulated and unpaid dividends with respect to the shares of preferred stock and any parity stock for all preceding dividend periods. Pursuant to this policy, we paid quarterly dividends of

$0.265625 on our 4.25% convertible perpetual preferred stock on February 1, 2007, May 1, 2007, August 1, 2007, November 1, 2007 and February 1, 2008 and similar quarterly dividends during each quarter of 2006. The anticipated annual cash dividend is approximately $10 million.

 

The amount available to us to pay cash dividends is restricted by our senior credit agreement. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

 

Under Delaware law, our Board of Directors may declare dividends only to the extent of our “surplus” (which is defined as total assets at fair market value minus total liabilities, minus statutory capital), or if there is no surplus, out of our net profits for the then current and/or immediately preceding fiscal years. The value of a corporation’s assets can be measured in a number of ways and may not necessarily equal their book value. The value of our capital may be adjusted from time to time by our Board of Directors but in no event will be less than the aggregate par value of our issued stock. Our Board of Directors may base this determination on our financial statements, a fair valuation of our assets or another reasonable method. Our Board of Directors will seek to assure itself that the statutory requirements will be met before actually declaring dividends. In future periods, our Board of Directors may seek opinions from outside valuation firms to the effect that our solvency or assets are sufficient to allow payment of dividends, and such opinions may not be forthcoming. If we sought and were not able to obtain such an opinion, we likely would not be able to pay dividends. In addition, pursuant to the terms of our preferred stock, we are prohibited from paying a dividend on our Series A common stock unless all payments due and payable under the preferred stock have been made.

 

Celanese Purchases of its Equity Securities

 

None.

Performance Graph

 

The following Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

 

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return

 

 

This comparison is based on a return assuming $100 invested January 21, 2005 in Celanese Corporation Common Stock and the S&P 500 Composite Index, the S&P 500 Chemicals Index and the S&P Specialty Chemicals Index, assuming the reinvestment of all dividends. January 21, 2005 is the date our Common Stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

Equity Compensation Plans

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

 

The following information is provided as of December 31, 2007 with respect to equity compensation plans:

 

 

As of December 31, 2007, we have 950,557 shares of Series A common stock available for future issuance in connection with the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan approved by security holders.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

In December 2007, we adopted a deferred compensation plan whereby we offered certain of our senior employees and directors the opportunity to defer a portion of their compensation in exchange for a future payment amount equal to their deferments plus or minus certain amounts based upon the market-performance of specified measurement funds selected by the participant. These deferred compensation obligations may be considered securities of Celanese. Participants were required to make deferral elections under the plan in December 2007, and such deferrals will be withheld from their compensation during the year ending December 31, 2008. This plan became effective on January 1, 2008. We relied on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act in making this offer to a select group of employees, fewer than 35 of which were non-accredited investors under the rules promulgated by the Commission.

 

 

The balance sheet data shown below as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the statements of operations and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, all of which are set forth below, are derived from the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this document and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and the notes thereto. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 and the statements of operations and cash flow data for the nine months ended December 31, 2004 and the three months ended March 31, 2004 shown below was derived from our 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2007, adjusted for applicable discontinued operations. The statement of operations and cash flow data for the year ended December 31, 2003 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2003 set forth below, have been derived from, and translated into US dollars based on, CAG’s historical Euro audited financial statements and the underlying accounting records, adjusted for applicable discontinued operations.

 

The balance sheet, statement of operations and cash flow data for periods prior to April 1, 2004 in the tables below represent the results of the Predecessor, which refers to CAG and its consolidated subsidiaries. The balance sheet, statement of operations and cash flow data for periods subsequent to April 1, 2004 in the tables below represent the results of the Successor, which refers to Celanese Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The results of the Successor are not comparable to the results of the Predecessor due to the difference in the basis of presentation of purchase accounting as compared to historical cost. Furthermore, the Successor and the Predecessor have different accounting policies with respect to certain matters.

 

 

 

 

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the term “Celanese” refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The terms the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Celanese and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The term “Celanese US” refers to our subsidiary Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, formally known as BCP Crystal US Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The term “Purchaser” refers to our subsidiary, Celanese Europe Holding GmbH & Co. KG, formerly known as BCP Crystal Acquisition GmbH & Co. KG, a German limited partnership, and not its subsidiaries, except where otherwise indicated. The term “Original Shareholders” refers, collectively, to Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 1, Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 2, Blackstone Capital Partners (Cayman) Ltd. 3 and BA Capital Investors Sidecar Fund, L.P. The term “Advisor” refers to Blackstone Management Partners, an affiliate of The Blackstone Group.

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and the results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements, which were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

 

Investors are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this section involve both risk and uncertainty. Several important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these statements. Many of these statements are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond the control of management. See “Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate” below.

 

Reconciliation of Non-US GAAP Measures:  We believe that using non-US GAAP financial measures to supplement US GAAP results is useful to investors because such use provides a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business other than disclosing US GAAP results alone. In this regard, we disclose net debt, which is a non-US GAAP financial measure. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents. We use net debt to evaluate the capital structure. Net debt is not a substitute for any US GAAP financial measure. In addition, calculations of net debt contained in this report may not be consistent with that of other companies. The most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with US GAAP in our financial statements for net debt is total debt. For a reconciliation of net debt to total debt, see “Financial Highlights” below. For a reconciliation of trade working capital to working capital components, see Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

 

Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) and other parts of this Annual Report contain certain forward-looking statements and information relating to us that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, us. When used in this document, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan” and “project” and similar expressions, as they relate to us are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events, are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. We assume no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

 

See the Risk Factors section under Part 1, Item 1A for a description of risk factors that could significantly affect our financial results. In addition, the following factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

 

 

 

Many of these factors are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from those described in this Annual Report as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. We neither intend nor assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading global integrated producer of chemicals and advanced materials. We are one of the world’s largest producers of acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals for nearly all major industries, as well as a leading global producer of high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value end-use applications. As an industry leader, we hold geographically balanced global positions and participate in diversified end-use markets. Our operations are primarily located in North America, Europe and Asia. We combine a demonstrated track record of execution, strong performance built on shared principles and objectives, and a clear focus on growth and value creation.

 

Sale of Oxo Products and Derivatives Businesses

 

In connection with our strategy to optimize our portfolio and divest non-core operations, we announced on December 13, 2006 our agreement to sell our Acetyl Intermediates segment’s oxo products and derivatives businesses, including European Oxo GmbH (“EOXO”), a 50/50 venture between Celanese GmbH (formerly known as Celanese AG) and Degussa AG (“Degussa”), to Advent International, for a purchase price of €480 million ($636 million) subject to final agreement adjustments and the successful exercise of our option to purchase Degussa’s 50% interest in EOXO. On February 23, 2007, the option was exercised and we acquired Degussa’s interest in the venture for a purchase price of €30 million ($39 million), in addition to €22 million ($29 million) paid to extinguish EOXO’s debt upon closing of the transaction. We completed the sale of our oxo products and derivatives businesses, including the acquired 50% interest in EOXO, on February 28, 2007. The transaction resulted in the recognition of a $47 million pre-tax gain, which includes certain working capital and other adjustments, in 2007. The divestiture of the oxo products and derivatives businesses has been accounted for as a discontinued operation. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Sale of AT Plastics’ Films Business

 

On August 20, 2007, we sold our Films business of AT Plastics, located in Edmonton and Westlock, Alberta, Canada, to British Polythene Industries PLC (“BPI”) for $12 million. The Films business manufactures products for the agricultural, horticultural and construction industries. We recorded a loss on the sale of $7 million during the year ended December 31, 2007. We maintained ownership of the Polymers business of AT Plastics, which concentrates on the development and supply of specialty resins and compounds. AT Plastics is included in our Industrial Specialties segment. We concluded that the sale of our Films business of AT Plastics is not a discontinued operation due to the level of continuing cash flows between the Films business and our AT Plastics’ Polymers business subsequent to the sale. Under the terms of the purchase agreement, we entered into a two year sales agreement to continue selling product to BPI through August 2009.

 

Acquisition of Acetate Products Limited

 

On January 31, 2007, we completed the acquisition of the cellulose acetate flake, tow and film business of Acetate Products Limited (“APL”), a subsidiary of Corsadi B.V. The purchase price for the transaction was approximately £57 million ($112 million), in addition to direct acquisition costs of approximately £4 million ($7 million). As contemplated prior to the closing of the acquisition, we closed our tow production plant at Little Heath, United Kingdom during 2007.

 

Relocation of Ticona Plant in Kelsterbach

 

On November 29, 2006, we reached a settlement with the Frankfurt, Germany, Airport (“Fraport”) to relocate our Kelsterbach, Germany, business, resolving several years of legal disputes related to the planned Frankfurt airport expansion. The final settlement agreement was approved by the Fraport supervisory board on May 8, 2007 at an extraordinary board meeting. The final settlement agreement was signed on June 12, 2007. As a result of the settlement, we will transition Ticona’s operations from Kelsterbach to another location in Germany by mid-2011. In July 2007, we announced that we would relocate the Kelsterbach, Germany, business to the Hoechst Industrial Park in the Rhine Main area. Over a five-year period, Fraport will pay Ticona a total of €670 million to offset the costs associated with the transition of the business from its current location and the closure of the Kelsterbach plant. The payment amount was increased by €20 million to €670 million in consideration of our agreement to waive certain obligations of Fraport set forth in the settlement agreement. These obligations related to the hiring of Ticona employees in the event the Ticona Plant relocated out of the Rhine Main area.

 

Below is a summary of the cash flow activity and financial statement impact associated with the Ticona plant relocation:

 

 

 

 

Expansion in China

 

The acetic acid facility located in our Nanjing, China complex has been running at full production rates since June 2007 and we commenced production of vinyl acetate emulsions at the complex during the fourth quarter of 2007. Operations for five other plants at the complex are expected to begin by 2009.

 

The complex brings world-class scale to one site for the production of acetic acid, vinyl acetate monomer (“VAM”), acetic anhydride, emulsions, Celstran^® long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic and UHMW-PE (“GUR”), an

ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. We believe the Nanjing complex will further enhance our capabilities to better meet the growing needs of our customers in a number of industries across Asia.

 

Clear Lake, Texas Outage

 

In May 2007, we announced that we had an unplanned outage at our Clear Lake, Texas acetic acid facility. At that time, we originally expected the outage to last until the end of May. Upon restart of the facility, additional operating issues were identified which necessitated an extension of the outage for further, more extensive repairs. In July 2007, we announced that the further repairs were unsuccessful on restart of the unit. All repairs were completed in early August 2007 and normal production capacity resumed. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded approximately $40 million of insurance recoveries from our reinsurers in partial satisfaction of claims that we made based on losses resulting from the outage.

 

Asset Sales

 

On July 31, 2007, we reached an agreement with Babcock & Brown, a worldwide investment firm, which specializes in real estate and utilities development, to sell our Pampa, Texas, facility. We will maintain our chemical operations at the site until at least 2009. Proceeds received upon certain milestone events are treated as deferred proceeds and included in long-term Other liabilities until the transaction is complete, as defined in the sales agreement.

 

In December 2007, we sold the assets at our Edmonton, Alberta, Canada facility to a real estate developer for approximately $35 million. As part of the agreement, we will retain certain environmental liabilities associated with the site. We derecognized approximately $16 million of asset retirement obligations which were transferred to the buyer. As a result of the sale, we recorded a gain of approximately $37 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Realignment of Business Segments

 

During 2007, we revised our reportable segments to reflect a change in how the Company is managed. This change was made to drive strategic growth and to group businesses with similar dynamics and growth opportunities. We also changed our internal transfer pricing methodology to generally reflect market-based pricing which we believe will make our results more comparable to our peer companies. The revised segments are Advanced Engineered Materials, Consumer Specialties, Industrial Specialties, Acetyl Intermediates and Other Activities. We have restated our reportable segments for all prior periods presented to conform to the year ended December 31, 2007 presentation. For further detail on the business segments, see the “Summary by Business Segment” section below.

 

Financial Reporting Changes

 

See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding financial reporting changes and recent accounting pronouncements.

 

Other Events In 2007

 

repayment of certain debt outstanding prior to April 2, 2007, in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Financial Highlights

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of Consolidated Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2007 compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

 

Net Sales

 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, net sales increased by 12% to $6,444 million compared to the same period in 2006 as increases in pricing and favorable currency impacts more than offset lower overall volumes. Overall pricing increased 6% for the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily driven by a tight global supply of acetyl, PVOH and emulsion products, and higher acetate tow and flake prices. Overall volumes decreased 2% for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. Strong volume increases due to increased market penetration from several of Advanced Engineered Material’s key products and the successful startup of our acetic acid unit in Nanjing, China helped to partially offset the decreases in volumes in our Acetyl Intermediates and Industrial Specialties segments resulting from the temporary unplanned outage of the acetic acid unit at our Clear Lake, Texas facility. Favorable currency impacts of 4% (particularly related to the Euro) for the year ended December 31, 2007 also contributed to the increases in net sales. In addition, the acquisition of APL in 2007 increased net sales by $227 million.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2007 (22.4%) compared to the same period in 2006 (22.7%). The slight decrease was primarily due to lower overall volumes and higher energy and raw material costs more than offsetting the higher overall prices and favorable currency impacts (particularly related to the Euro).

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $20 million to $516 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The decrease was primarily due to the absence of executive severance and legal costs associated with the Squeeze-Out of $23 million and long-term incentive plan expenses of $20 million, both recorded in 2006. Selling, general and administrative expenses also decreased $5 million due to lower stock -based compensation expenses during the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The decreases were partially offset by $15 million of additional expenses related to finance improvement initiatives and $6 million related to the revised deferred compensation plan expenses.

Other (Charges) Gains, Net

 

The components of Other (charges) gains, net for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

Other (charges) gains, net for employee termination benefits and plant/office closures include charges related to our plan to simplify and optimize our Emulsions and PVOH businesses to become a leader in technology and innovation and grow in both new and existing markets. Other (charges) gains, net for employee termination benefits and plant/office closures as also includes charges related to the sale of our Pampa, Texas, facility. In addition, we recorded an impairment of long-lived assets of approximately $3 million during the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

In May 2007, as a result of the triggering of an Exit Event, as defined in Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements, we expensed approximately $74 million representing deferred compensation plan payments for the respective participants’ 2005 and 2006 contingent benefits.

 

Operating Profit

 

Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased 21% to $748 million compared to $620 million for the same period in 2006 as higher raw material costs and an increase in Other (charges) gains, net were more than offset by increases in net sales and proceeds received from an insurance recovery and a one time payment received. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we recorded insurance recoveries of approximately $40 million from a group of reinsurers in partial satisfaction of claims that we made based on losses resulting from the temporary unplanned outage of the acetic acid unit at our Clear Lake, Texas facility. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2007, we received $31 million as a one time payment in resolution of commercial disputes with a vendor. Also included in operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2007 is a $34 million gain related to the sale of the our Edmonton, Alberta, Canada facility.

 

Equity in Net Earnings of Affiliates

 

Equity in net earnings of affiliates increased 8% in the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period last year due primarily to improved performance from our Infraserv affiliates.

 

Interest Expense and Refinancing Expenses

 

Interest expense decreased $31 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. The decrease was primarily related to lower interest rates on the new senior credit agreement compared to the interest rates on the senior discount notes and senior subordinated notes, which were repaid in April 2007 in

conjunction with the debt refinancing (see Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for more information). These decreases were partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to additional China financing activities in 2007.

 

In April 2007, we refinanced our outstanding debt by entering into a new senior credit agreement. As a result of the refinancing, we expensed $207 million of premiums paid on early redemption of debt. In addition, we expensed $33 million of unamortized deferred financing costs and premiums related to the former $2,454 million senior credit facility, senior discount notes and senior subordinated notes and $16 million of debt issuance and other refinancing expenses. These amounts were recorded as a component of Refinancing expenses in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense decreased by $93 million to $110 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The effective tax rate for continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was 25%, which is less than the combined US federal and state statutory rate of 39%. The effective tax rate for 2007 was favorably impacted by (1) an increase in unrepatriated low-taxed earnings including tax holidays and (2) the tax benefit related to German Tax Reform of $39 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2007. These benefits are partially offset by the accounting treatment of recent tax law changes in Mexico. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

 

Earnings (Loss) from Discontinued Operations

 

Earnings from discontinued operations primarily relate to Acetyl Intermediates’ sale of its oxo products and derivatives businesses in February 2007, its shut down of its Edmonton, Canada methanol operations during the second quarter of 2007 and its Pentaerythritol (“PE”) operations, which were discontinued during the third quarter of 2006. As a result, revenues and expenses related to these businesses and operations are reflected as a component of discontinued operations. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for the summary table of the results of operations for the discontinued operations.

 

Summary of Consolidated Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2006 compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

Net Sales

 

For the year ended December 31, 2006, net sales increased by 10% to $5,778 million compared to the same period in 2005. An increase in pricing of 4% for the year ended December 31, 2006 driven by continued strong demand for the majority of our products and higher raw material and energy costs contributed to the improvement in net sales. Also, an increase in overall volumes of 3% for the year ended December 31, 2006, driven by our Advanced Engineered Materials and Consumer Specialties business segments, contributed to the increase in net sales. The volume increases are the results of increased market penetration from several of Advanced Engineered Materials’ key products, an improved business environment in Europe, continued growth in Asia and continued growth in new and existing applications from our Sunett^® sweetener. Additionally, net sales from Acetex of $542 million contributed to the increase in net sales for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to $247 million of net sales from Acetex for the same period in 2005. The Acetex business was acquired in July 2005.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2006 (22.7%) compared to the same period in 2005 (22.9%). Overall higher raw material and energy costs were mostly offset by higher volumes and pricing. Volumes increased for such products as acetyls, acetyl derivative products, polyacetal products (“POM”), Vectra and GUR while overall pricing increased, driven by increases in acetyls and acetyl derivative products.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $24 million to $536 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005. The increase consists of stock-based compensation expense of $20 million resulting from our adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS No 123(R)”), and $14 million related to our long-term incentive plan. Additionally, the year ended December 31, 2006 included additional selling, general and administrative expenses from the Acetex business, which was acquired in July 2005, as well as costs related to executive severance and legal costs associated with the Squeeze-Out of CAG shareholders of $23 million. These expenses were mostly offset by ongoing cost savings initiatives from the Advanced Engineered Materials and Consumer Specialties segments and lower costs in 2006 resulting from the divestiture of the Cyclo-olefine Copolymer business (“COC”) business, which occurred in 2005.

 

Other (Charges) Gains, Net

 

The components of Other (charges) gains, net for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 were as follows:

 

 

Other (charges) gains, net for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased $51 million compared to the same period in 2005. The decrease was due to the absence of environmental related plant closures of $12 million, the absence of asset impairment charges of $25 million related to the divestiture of our COC business and the absence of $35 million related to the termination of advisor monitoring services, all of which were recorded in 2005. The decrease was partially offset by a reduction in insurance recoveries associated with plumbing cases of $29 million.

 

Operating Profit

 

Operating profit for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased 28% compared to the same period in 2005. This was principally driven by higher overall volumes and pricing, lower Other (charges) gains, net and productivity improvements. Also, the year ended December 31, 2006 included operating profit from Acetex of $5 million, an increase of $8 million compared to the same period in 2005.

 

Equity in Net Earnings of Affiliates

 

Equity in net earnings of affiliates increased 49% in the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005. The increase was primarily due to additional income of $8 million from the Infraserv affiliates, $4 million from our Advanced Engineered Materials affiliates as well as the absence of a $10 million loss from Estech GmbH, recorded in 2005.

 

Interest Expense and Refinancing Expenses

 

Interest expense remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005.

Refinancing expenses decreased to $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from $102 million in the same period in 2005. The decrease was due to the absence of $28 million related to accelerated amortization of deferred financing costs and $74 million related to early redemption premiums associated with the partial redemption of the senior subordinated notes, senior discount notes and floating rate term loan, both recorded in 2005.

 

Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense increased by $179 million to $203 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The effective tax rate for 2006 was 39%, slightly higher than the combined US federal and state statutory rate of 37%. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted by unrepatriated low-taxed earnings, primarily in Singapore. The effective tax rate was unfavorably affected by (1) dividends and other passive income inclusions from foreign subsidiaries and equity investments, and (2) higher tax rates in certain foreign jurisdictions, primarily Germany. The effective rate reflects a partial benefit for the reversal of valuation allowance on earnings in the US of $5 million. Reversals of valuation allowance established at the original acquisition of CAG shares (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information) resulting from positive earnings or a change in judgment regarding the realizability of the net deferred tax asset are primarily reflected as a reduction of Goodwill, which amounted to $84 million in 2006.

 

Earnings (Loss) from Discontinued Operations

 

Earnings from discontinued operations primarily relate to Acetyl Intermediates’ sale of its oxo products and derivatives businesses in February 2007, its shut down of its Edmonton, Canada methanol operations during the second quarter of 2007 and its PE operations, which were discontinued during the third quarter of 2006. As a result, revenues and expenses related to these businesses and operations are reflected as a component of discontinued operations.

Selected Data by Business Segment — Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006 and Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

 

During the year ended December 31, 2007, we revised our reportable segments to reflect a change in how the Company is managed. The revised segments are Advanced Engineered Materials, Consumer Specialties, Industrial Specialties, Acetyl Intermediates and Other Activities.