Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________

FORM 6-K

_________________________


REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

Pursuant to rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934


February 1, 2019

_________________________

NOVO NORDISK A/S
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________________

Novo Allé
DK-2880 Bagsværd
Denmark
(Adress of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F

Form 20-F x Form 40-F o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes o No x


If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g-32(b):82-________





 
caimage2a03.jpg                                 cowa04.jpg
 

Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

1 February 2019
 
Novo Nordisk's operating profit decreased by 4% in Danish kroner and increased by 3% in local currencies in 2018
Operating profit increased by 6% measured in local currencies when adjusted for the cost of severance and the priority review voucher for oral semaglutide
 
Sales remained broadly unchanged in Danish kroner and increased by 5% in local currencies to DKK 111.8 billion.
Sales of Victoza® increased by 5% to DKK 24.3 billion (9% in local currencies).
Sales of Ozempic® were DKK 1,796 million and total GLP-1 sales increased by 13% (18% in local currencies).
Sales of Saxenda® increased by 51% to DKK 3.9 billion (60% in local currencies).
Sales of Tresiba® increased by 10% to DKK 8.0 billion (15% in local currencies).
Sales in International Operations increased by 2% (7% in local currencies).
Sales in North America Operations decreased by 2% (increased 3% in local currencies).
Sales within diabetes and obesity increased by 1% to DKK 93.9 billion (6% in local currencies) and sales within biopharmaceuticals decreased by 5% to DKK 17.9 billion (1% in local currencies).
 
Operating profit decreased by 4% in Danish kroner and increased by 3% in local currencies to DKK 47.2 billion, impacted by the depreciation of the US dollar and related currencies versus the Danish krone. Adjusting for severance costs related to lay-offs in second half of 2018 and the expense related to the priority review voucher for the filing of oral semaglutide, operating profit increased by 6% in local currencies.
 
Net profit increased by 1% to DKK 38.6 billion and diluted earnings per share increased by 4% to DKK 15.93.
 
In February 2018, Novo Nordisk launched Ozempic®, a new once-weekly GLP-1, in the USA. The weekly new-to-brand prescription market share for Ozempic® has now reached 26% and thereby stabilising the total Novo Nordisk GLP-1 market share. Ozempic® has now been launched in 11 countries in Europe and North America.
 
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk completed the phase 3a PIONEER programme for oral semaglutide, a new once-daily GLP-1 tablet for people with type 2 diabetes, following successful completion of the remaining two trials, PIONEER 6 and 9. Novo Nordisk has decided to submit the oral semaglutide file around the end of first quarter 2019 and has notified the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that Novo Nordisk will request priority review of the oral semaglutide filing based on a priority review voucher.
 
For 2019, sales growth is expected to be 2-5% measured in local currencies. This includes the previously communicated negative impact from the changes in the funding of the Medicare Part D coverage by approximately DKK 2 billion. Sales growth reported in Danish kroner is expected to be 2 percentage points higher than in local currencies. Operating profit growth is expected to be 2-6% measured in local currencies. Operating profit growth reported in Danish kroner is expected to be 4 percentage points higher than in local currencies.
 
The Board of Directors has adjusted the long-term financial target for OPAT/NOA from 125% to 80% to reflect the new accounting principles for handling of leases (IFRS 16) as well as the investment level in tangible and intangible assets. Further, to reflect the investment level, the cash to earnings target is adjusted from 90% to 85%. The long-term financial target for operating profit growth remains unchanged.
 
At the Annual General Meeting on 21 March 2019, the Board of Directors will propose a final dividend of DKK 5.15 for 2018 per share of DKK 0.20. The expected total dividend for 2018 of DKK 8.15 per share, of which DKK 3.00 per share was paid as interim dividend in August 2018, corresponds to an increase of 4% compared to 2017. The Board of Directors intends to initiate a new 12-month share repurchase programme of up to DKK 15 billion.
 
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen, president and CEO: “2018 was a year of change and significant progress for Novo Nordisk. We delivered on our targets for sales and operating profit and have successfully launched Ozempic®, our new once-weekly GLP-1 for people with type 2 diabetes, in several countries. The results from the broad PIONEER phase 3a programme for oral semaglutide are very encouraging for people with type 2 diabetes, and we are now close to submitting oral semaglutide for FDA approval.”

Novo Nordisk A/S
Investor Relations
Novo Allé
2880 Bagsværd
Denmark
Telephone:
+45 4444 8888
www.novonordisk.com
CVR Number:
24 25 67 90
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019

                                        
                                        





Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 2 of 36


About Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk is a global healthcare company with more than 95 years of innovation and leadership in diabetes care. This heritage has given us experience and capabilities that also enable us to help people defeat obesity, haemophilia, growth disorders and other serious chronic diseases. Headquartered in Denmark, Novo Nordisk employs approximately 43,200 people in 80 countries, and markets its products in more than 170 countries. Novo Nordisk’s B shares are listed on Nasdaq Copenhagen (Novo-B). Its ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NVO). For more information, visit novonordisk.com, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and YouTube.

Conference call details
On 1 February 2019 at 13.00 CET, corresponding to 7.00 am EST, a conference call will be held. Investors will be able to listen in via a link on novonordisk.com, which can be found under ‘Investors’. Presentation material for the conference call will be available approximately one hour before on the same page.

Webcast details
On 4 February 2019 at 13.30 CET, corresponding to 7.30 am EST, management will give a presentation to institutional investors and sell-side analysts in London. A webcast of the presentation can be followed via a link on novonordisk.com, which can be found under ‘Investors’. Presentation material for the webcast will be made available on the same page.

Financial calendar
05 March 2019
Deadline for the company's receipts of shareholder proposals for the Annual General Meeting 2019
21 March 2019
Annual General Meeting 2019
03 May 2019
Financial statement for the first three months of 2019
09 August 2019
Financial statement for the first six months of 2019
01 November 2019
Financial statement for the first nine months of 2019
 
 
Contacts for further information
Media:
 
 
Katrine Sperling
+45 3079 6718
krsp@novonordisk.com
Ken Inchausti (USA)
+1 609 240 9429
kiau@novonordisk.com
 
 
 
Investors:
 
 
Peter Hugreffe Ankersen
+45 3075 9085
phak@novonordisk.com
Anders Mikkelsen
+45 3079 4461
armk@novonordisk.com
Valdemar Borum Svarrer
+45 3079 0301
jvls@novonordisk.com
Kristoffer Due Berg
+45 3079 2849
krdb@novonordisk.com
Ann Søndermølle Rendbæk
+45 3075 2253
arnd@novonordisk.com

Further information about Novo Nordisk is available on novonordisk.com.


Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 3 of 36




LIST OF CONTENTS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ..............................................................................................................

 
Consolidated financial statement for 2018 ...................................................................................

 
Sales development .......................................................................................................................

 
Diabetes and obesity, sales development .....................................................................................
6

 
Biopharmaceuticals, sales development ........................................................................................
9

 
Development in costs and operating profit ...................................................................................

 
Financial items (net) .....................................................................................................................

 
Capital expenditure and free cash flow ........................................................................................

OUTLOOK ........................................................................................................................................

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT UPDATE ..............................................................................................

SUSTAINABILITY UPDATE .................................................................................................................

EQUITY ............................................................................................................................................

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................................

LEGAL MATTERS ..............................................................................................................................

MANAGEMENT STATEMENT ............................................................................................................

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................

 
Appendix 1: Quarterly numbers in DKK ........................................................................................

 
Appendix 2: Income statement and statement of other comprehensive income ............................

 
Appendix 3: Cash flow statement ................................................................................................

 
Appendix 4: Balance sheet ...........................................................................................................

 
Appendix 5: Equity statement ......................................................................................................

 
Appendix 6: Regional sales split ...................................................................................................

 
Appendix 7: Key currency assumptions ........................................................................................

 
Appendix 8: New accounting standards in 2018 ..........................................................................

 
Appendix 9: Quarterly numbers in USD (additional information) ...................................................

 
Appendix 10: Non-IFRS financial measures (additional information) ..............................................

 
 
 
 
 
 

Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 4 of 36


FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR 2018
The Board of Directors and Executive Management have approved the Annual Report 2018 of Novo Nordisk A/S including the audited consolidated financial statements. The Board of Directors and Executive Management also approved this unaudited financial statement containing condensed financial information for 2018. This financial statement is prepared in accordance with the recognition and measurement requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by IASB and IFRS as endorsed by the EU. The accounting policies used in this financial statement are consistent with those used in the audited consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report 2018.
 
INCOME STATEMENT
2018

2017

2016

2015

 
2014

% change
2017 to 2018

DKK million
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
111,831

111,696

111,780

107,927

 
88,806

0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross profit
94,214

94,064

94,597

91,739

 
74,244

0
%
Gross margin
84.2
%
84.2
%
84.6
%
85.0
%
 
83.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and distribution costs
29,397

28,340

28,377

28,312

 
23,223

4
%
Percentage of sales
26.3
%
25.4
%
25.4
%
26.2
%
 
26.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development costs
14,805

14,014

14,563

13,608

 
13,762

6
%
Percentage of sales
13.2
%
12.5
%
13.0
%
12.6
%
 
15.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Administrative costs
3,916

3,784

3,962

3,857

 
3,537

3
%
Percentage of sales
3.5
%
3.4
%
3.5
%
3.6
%
 
4.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating income, net
1,152

1,041

737

3,482

1 

770

11
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit
47,248

48,967

48,432

49,444

 
34,492

(4
%)
Operating margin
42.2
%
43.8
%
43.3
%
45.8
%
 
38.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial items (net)
367

(287
)
(634
)
(5,961
)
 
(396
)
N/A

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit before income taxes
47,615

48,680

47,798

43,483

 
34,096

(2
%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes
8,987

10,550

9,873

8,623

 
7,615

(15
%)
Effective tax rate
18.9
%
21.7
%
20.7
%
19.8
%
 
22.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net profit
38,628

38,130

37,925

34,860

 
26,481

1
%
Net profit margin
34.5
%
34.1
%
33.9
%
32.3
%
 
29.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Other operating income, net for 2015 includes DKK 2,376 million for the partial divestment of associated company.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 5 of 36


CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR 2018 - CONTINUED
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER KEY NUMBERS
2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

% change 2017 to 2018

(Amounts are in DKK million, except for earnings per share and dividend per share)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses 1)
3,925

3,182

3,193

2,959

3,435

23
%
Capital expenditure, net (PP&E)
9,524

8,679

7,061

5,209

3,986

10
%
 


 
 
 
 
Net cash generated from operating activities
44,616

41,168

48,314

38,287

31,692

8
%
Free cash flow
32,536

32,588

39,991

34,222

27,396

0
%
 


 
 
 
 
Total assets
110,769

102,355

97,539

91,799

77,062

8
%
Equity
51,839

49,815

45,269

46,969

40,294

4
%
Equity ratio
46.8
%
48.7
%
46.4
%
51.2
%
52.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share / ADR (in DKK)
15.93

15.39

14.96

13.52

10.07

4
%
Total dividend per share (in DKK) 2)
8.15

7.85

7.60

6.40

5.00

4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payout ratio 3)
50.6
%
50.4
%
50.2
%
46.6
%
48.7
%
 
 
1) Including impairments of around DKK 480 million in 2014 related to discontinuation of activities within inflammatory disorders.
2) Total dividend for the financial year 2018 including proposed final dividend of DKK 5.15 per share and interim dividend paid in August 2018 of DKK 3.00 per share.
3) Total dividend for the year as a percentage of net profit.
 

PERFORMANCE AGAINST LONG-TERM FINANCIAL TARGETS
 
 
 
 
 
2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Target 2)

Operating profit growth
(3.5
%)
1.1
%
(2.0
%)
43.3
%
9.5
%
5
%
Operating profit growth adjusted 1)
(3.5
%)
1.1
%
3.9
 %
35.2
%
9.5
%
 
Operating profit growth adjusted in local currencies 1)
2.8
 %
4.8
%
6.2
 %
12.7
%
12.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit after tax to net operating assets
116.7
 %
143.2
%
150.2
 %
148.7
%
101.0
%
125
%
 
 
 
 
 
 


Cash to earnings
84.2
 %
85.5
%
105.4
 %
98.2
%
103.5
%
 
Cash to earnings (three-year average)
91.7
 %
96.4
%
102.4
 %
96.8
%
93.1
%
90
%
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Growth in operating profit for 2015 and 2016 are adjusted for DKK 2,376 million for the partial divestment of associated company and DKK 449 million for the income related to the out-licensing of assets for inflammatory disorders, both in 2015.
2) Targets effective 31 December 2018. The long-term financial targets were adjusted in February 2019. Please refer to the outlook section.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 6 of 36


SALES DEVELOPMENT
Sales remained unchanged in Danish kroner and increased by 5% in local currencies in 2018, reflecting a significant impact from the depreciation of the US dollar and related currencies versus the Danish krone. The sales growth is in line with the latest guidance of '4-5% sales growth measured in local currencies' provided in connection with the announcement in November 2018 for the first nine months of 2018. Sales growth in local currencies was realised within diabetes and obesity with the majority of growth originating from the GLP-1 diabetes products Victoza® and Ozempic®, the obesity product Saxenda®, as well as long-acting insulin Tresiba® and Xultophy®, partly offset by declining sales of Levemir® and NovoRapid®. Declining sales within biopharmaceuticals were driven by NovoSeven® and 'Other biopharmaceuticals', partly offset by increased sales of NovoEight® and Norditropin®.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales split per therapy
Sales 2018
DKK million

Sales 2017
DKK million

Growth
as reported

Growth
in local currencies

Share of growth
in local currencies

The diabetes and obesity segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-acting insulin
20,844

22,174

(6
%)
(2
%)
(7
%)
 
-   Tresiba®
8,035

7,327

10
%
15
%
21
%
 
-   Xultophy®
1,614

729

121
%
126
%
18
%
 
-   Levemir®
11,195

14,118

(21
%)
(17
%)
(46
%)
 
 










Premix insulin
10,194

10,749

(5
%)
0
%
0
%
 
-   Ryzodeg®
714

492

45
%
54
%
6
%
 
-   NovoMix®
9,480

10,257

(8
%)
(3
%)
(6
%)
 
 










Fast-acting insulin
19,353

20,124

(4
%)
1
%
3
%
 
-   Fiasp®
590

99

-

-

10
%
 
-   NovoRapid®
18,763

20,025

(6
%)
(2
%)
(7
%)
 
 










Human insulin
9,265

9,793

(5
%)
(1
%)
(3
%)
 
 










Total insulin
59,656

62,840

(5
%)
(1
%)
(7
%)
 
 


 






Victoza®
24,333

23,173

5
%
9
%
42
%
Ozempic®
1,796

-

-

-

36
%
Total GLP-1
26,129

23,173

13
%
18
%
78
%
 
 










Other diabetes1)
4,250

4,302

(1
%)
3
%
2
%
 
 


 






Total diabetes
90,035

90,315

0
%
4
%
73
%
 
 


 






Obesity (Saxenda®)
3,869

2,562

51
%
60
%
30
%
 
 


 






Diabetes and obesity total
93,904

92,877

1
%
6
%
103
%
 
 


 






The biopharmaceuticals segment

 



Haemophilia2)
9,576

10,469

(9
%)
(5
%)
(10
%)
 
-   NovoSeven®
7,881

9,206

(14
%)
(11
%)
(19
%)
 
-   NovoEight®
1,354

1,103

23
%
26
%
5
%
Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
6,834

6,655

3
%
7
%
9
%
Other biopharmaceuticals3)
1,517

1,695

(11
%)
(8
%)
(2
%)
Biopharmaceuticals total
17,927

18,819

(5
%)
(1
%)
(3
%)
 
 


 






Total sales
111,831

111,696

0
%
5
%
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Primarily oral antidiabetic products, needles and GlucaGen® HypoKit®.
 
 
 
2) Comprises NovoSeven®, NovoEight®, NovoThirteen® and Refixia®.
3) Primarily Vagifem® and Activelle®.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

International Operations was the main driver of sales growth and sales increased by 2% measured in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies. Sales in North America Operations decreased by 2% measured in Danish kroner and increased by 3% in local currencies.

Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 7 of 36


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales split per region
Sales 2018
DKK million

Growth
as reported

Growth
in local currencies

Share of growth
in local currencies

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America Operations
56,908

(2
%)
3
%
29
%
 
 - USA
54,488

(2
%)
2
%
22
%
International Operations
54,923

2
%
7
%
71
%
 
 - Region Europe
21,679

2
%
3
%
11
%
 
 - Region AAMEO
12,153

1
%
11
%
26
%
 
 - Region China
11,285

5
%
8
%
16
%
 
 - Region Japan & Korea
5,797

(5
%)
(2
%)
(2
%)
 
 - Region Latin America
4,009

8
%
29
%
20
%
 
 
 






Total sales
111,831

0
%
5
%
100
%

Please refer to appendix 6 for further details on sales in 2018.

In the following sections, unless otherwise noted, market data are based on moving annual total (MAT) from November 2018 and November 2017 provided by the independent data provider IQVIA.

DIABETES AND OBESITY, SALES DEVELOPMENT
Sales of diabetes and obesity products increased by 1% measured in Danish kroner and by 6% in local currencies to DKK 93,904 million. Novo Nordisk is the world leader in diabetes care with a global value market share of 27.9% compared with 27.4% in 2017.

Insulin
Sales of insulin decreased by 5% measured in Danish kroner and by 1% in local currencies to DKK 59,656 million. The decline in sales measured in local currencies was driven by North America Operations declining by 7% driven by lower prices, partly offset by International Operations increasing sales with 5%, where all regions apart from Region Japan & Korea contributed to growth. Novo Nordisk is the global leader with 46.4% of the total insulin market and 45.2% of the market for modern insulin and new-generation insulin, both measured in volume.

Sales of long-acting insulin (Tresiba®, Xultophy® and Levemir®) decreased by 6% measured in Danish kroner and by 2% in local currencies to DKK 20,844 million.

Sales of Tresiba® (insulin degludec), the once-daily new-generation insulin, reached DKK 8,035 million compared with DKK 7,327 million in 2017. Tresiba® has now been launched in 76 countries.

Sales of Xultophy®, a once-daily combination of insulin degludec (Tresiba®) and liraglutide (Victoza®), reached DKK 1,614 million compared with DKK 729 million in 2017. Sales growth was driven by both International Operations, where predominantly Region Europe contributed to growth, and North America Operations. Xultophy® has now been launched in 26 countries.

Sales of premix insulin (Ryzodeg® and NovoMix®) decreased by 5% measured in Danish kroner and remained unchanged in local currencies to DKK 10,194 million.

Sales of Ryzodeg®, a soluble formulation of insulin degludec and insulin aspart, reached DKK 714 million compared with DKK 492 million in 2017. Ryzodeg® has now been launched in 27 countries.

Sales of fast-acting insulin (Fiasp® and NovoRapid®) decreased by 4% measured in Danish kroner and increased by 1% in local currencies to DKK 19,353 million.

Sales of Fiasp®, the novel mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart, reached DKK 590 million. Fiasp® has now been launched in 25 countries.

Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 8 of 36


 
 
 
 
 
 
INSULIN MARKET SHARES
(volume, MAT)
Novo Nordisk’s share
of the total insulin market
Novo Nordisk’s share
of the modern insulin and
new-generation insulin market*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
November
November
November
November
 
 
2018
2017
2018
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
46.4%
45.9%
45.2%
44.8%
North America Operations
40.0%
38.8%
41.1%
39.6%
 
 - USA
40.4%
39.0%
41.8%
40.2%
International Operations
49.1%
48.9%
47.4%
47.6%
 
 - Region Europe
43.5%
44.1%
43.3%
43.8%
 
 - Region AAMEO**
57.0%
55.5%
50.7%
50.7%
 
 - Region China***
50.8%
52.9%
59.8%
61.0%
 
 - Region Japan & Korea
50.3%
49.6%
50.3%
49.3%
 
 - Region Latin America****
46.1%
42.2%
37.4%
39.2%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source: IQVIA, November 2018 data. * Modern insulin and new-generation insulin comprises the following Novo Nordisk products: Levemir®, NovoMix®, NovoRapid®, Tresiba®, Xultophy®, Ryzodeg® and Fiasp® ** Data available for 11 private markets representing approximately 70% of total Novo Nordisk’s diabetes sales in the region. *** Data for mainland China, excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan. **** Data available for three private markets representing approximately 70% of total Novo Nordisk’s diabetes sales in the region.


North America Operations
Sales of insulin in North America Operations decreased by 11% measured in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies. The decline in sales in the USA was driven by Levemir® and NovoLog® and lower realised prices partly offset by higher sales of the new-generation insulin Xultophy® 100/3.6 and Tresiba® following a net market share gain of approximately 5 percentage points in the basal insulin segment and underlying volume growth. The sales decline in the USA in the short-acting insulin segment was driven by lower realised prices for NovoLog®.

International Operations
Sales of insulin in International Operations remained unchanged in Danish kroner and increased by 5% in local currencies. Sales growth measured in local currencies was driven by long-acting, premix and fast-acting insulin, partly offset by declining human insulin sales.

Region Europe
Sales of insulin in Region Europe increased by 2% in both Danish kroner and local currencies. Sales were driven by the penetration of Xultophy®, Tresiba® and Fiasp® across the region, partly offset by contracting Levemir® sales reflecting the continued roll-out of Tresiba®, as well as declining NovoMix® and human insulin sales.

Region AAMEO
Sales of insulin in Region AAMEO increased by 1% measured in Danish kroner and by 11% in local currencies. The sales growth measured in local currencies was driven by growth of the overall diabetes market and market share gains as well as a positive contribution from all three insulin segments: long-acting, premix and fast-acting as well as human insulin.
 
Region China
Sales of insulin in Region China increased by 3% measured in Danish kroner and by 6% in local currencies. The sales growth measured in local currencies was driven by continued growth in the three insulin segments: long-acting, premix and fast-acting, reflecting solid underlying volume growth, partly offset by lower human insulin sales.

Region Japan & Korea
Sales of insulin in Region Japan & Korea decreased by 10% measured in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies. The decline in sales was driven by NovoMix® and NovoRapid®, as both products reached the 15-year price protection limit 1 April 2018, leading to significant mandatory price reductions as well as lower human insulin sales, partly offset by positive contribution from market share gains for Ryzodeg® and Tresiba® in Japan.


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Page 9 of 36


Region Latin America
Sales of insulin in Region Latin America decreased by 8% measured in Danish kroner and increased by 13% in local currencies. The sales growth measured in local currencies was driven by growth of the overall diabetes market, inflationary price effects and positive volume contribution from all three insulin segments: long-acting, premix and fast-acting.

GLP-1 therapy for type 2 diabetes
Sales of GLP-1 products for type 2 diabetes (Victoza® and Ozempic®) increased by 13% measured in Danish kroner and by 18% in local currencies to DKK 26,129 million. Ozempic® has now been marketed in 11 countries in North America Operations and Region Europe and initial feedback is encouraging. Sales growth is predominantly driven by North America Operations comprising 81% share of the GLP-1 growth. The GLP-1 segment’s value share of the total diabetes market has increased to 14.5% compared with 11.8% 12 months ago. Novo Nordisk continues to be the market leader in the GLP-1 segment with a 46% value market share.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GLP-1 MARKET SHARES
(value, MAT)
GLP-1 share of total
diabetes market
Novo Nordisk's share of
the diabetes GLP-1 market*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
November
November
November
November
 
 
2018
2017
2018
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
14.5%
11.8%
46%
50%
North America Operations
17.1%
13.9%
45%
48%
 
 - USA
17.3%
14.1%
45%
48%
International Operations
7.7%
6.6%
52%
56%
 
 - Region Europe
11.9%
10.5%
55%
58%
 
 - Region AAMEO**
3.2%
2.7%
43%
48%
 
 - Region China***
1.3%
0.9%
87%
68%
 
 - Region Japan & Korea
5.9%
4.6%
33%
41%
 
 - Region Latin America****
6.2%
5.2%
68%
75%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Source: IQVIA, November 2018 data MAT. * Novo Nordisk's GLP-1 diabetes products comprise Victoza® and Ozempic® ** Data for 11 selected private markets representing approximately 70% of Novo Nordisk’s total diabetes sales in the region. *** Data for mainland China, excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan. **** Data for three selected private markets representing approximately 70% of Novo Nordisk’s total diabetes sales in the region.

 
North America Operations
Sales of Novo Nordisk's GLP-1 diabetes products (Victoza® and Ozempic®) in North America Operations increased by 14% measured in Danish kroner and by 19% in local currencies. Sales growth is driven by an underlying prescription volume growth of the GLP-1 class of more than 25%, driven by the launch of Ozempic® and a competitive once-weekly GLP-1, and Novo Nordisk is the market leader with a 45% value market share. The value share of the GLP-1 class of the total North American diabetes market has increased to 17.1%.

In February 2018, Novo Nordisk launched Ozempic® in the USA, a new once-weekly GLP-1, and broad formulary coverage has been obtained. The weekly new-to-brand prescription market share for Ozempic® has now reached 26% and thereby stabilising the total Novo Nordisk market share. Sales of Victoza® increased by 4% measured in Danish kroner and by 8% in local currencies. Sales growth of Victoza® is driven by the positive impact from the updated label for Victoza® reflecting cardiovascular benefits and the overall growth of the GLP-1 class, partly offset by the continued competition from a once-weekly product and the impact from the launch of Ozempic®.

International Operations
Sales of Victoza® in International Operations increased by 9% measured in Danish kroner and by 13% in local currencies. Sales growth is driven by all regions. The value share of the GLP-1 class of the total diabetes market has increased to 7.7% from 6.6% in 2017. Novo Nordisk is the market leader with a 52% value market share.

Region Europe
Sales in Region Europe increased by 9% in both Danish kroner and local currencies. The sales development reflects positive impact from the expanded CV label for Victoza®, partly offset by competition from a once-weekly product. In Region Europe, the value share of the GLP-1 class of the total diabetes market has increased to 11.9%. Novo Nordisk remains the market leader in Region Europe with a 55% value market share.


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Region AAMEO
Sales in Region AAMEO decreased by 2% measured in Danish kroner and increased by 6% in local currencies. Sales growth measured in local currencies is primarily driven by a number of countries in the Middle East. The value share of the GLP-1 class of the total diabetes market increased to 3.2%. Novo Nordisk remains the GLP-1 market leader across Region AAMEO with a value market share of 43%.

Region China
Sales in Region China increased by 69% measured in Danish kroner and by 73% in local currencies. The increase in sales reflects the inclusion of Victoza® in the Chinese National Reimbursement Drug List in July 2017. In China, Victoza® has increased its GLP-1 value market share to 87% and accelerated the growth of the GLP-1 class, which now represents 1.3% of the total diabetes market measured in value.

Region Japan & Korea
Sales in Region Japan & Korea increased by 4% measured in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies. The sales growth reflects the continued expansion of the GLP-1 market in Japan, partly offset by intensified competition from a once-weekly product. In Region Japan & Korea, the GLP-1 class represents 5.9% of the total diabetes market value compared with 4.6% in 2017. Novo Nordisk currently holds a value market share of 33%.

Region Latin America
Sales in Region Latin America increased by 9% measured in Danish kroner and by 27% in local currencies. The sales growth reflects the continued expansion of the GLP-1 markets across the region. In Region Latin America, the GLP-1 class represents 6.2% of the total diabetes market value compared with 5.2% in 2017. Novo Nordisk remains the leader in the class with a value market share of 68%.
 
Other diabetes
Sales of other diabetes products, predominantly consisting of oral antidiabetic products, needles and GlucaGen®HypoKit®, decreased by 1% measured in Danish kroner and increased by 3% in local currencies to DKK 4,250 million. Increasing sales measured in local currencies were seen in International Operations, where Region Latin America and Region China contributed to sales growth.

Saxenda® (obesity)
Sales of Saxenda®, liraglutide 3 mg for weight management, increased by 51% measured in Danish kroner and by 60% in local currencies to DKK 3,869 million. Sales growth was driven by both North America Operations and International Operations, where Region AAMEO, Region Latin America, Region Europe and Region Japan & Korea contributed to growth. In the USA, Saxenda® has obtained broad commercial formulary market access, but generally with prior authorisation requirements. Saxenda® has now been launched in 41 countries.

BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, SALES DEVELOPMENT
Sales of biopharmaceutical products decreased by 5% measured in Danish kroner and by 1% in local currencies to DKK 17,927 million. Decreasing sales measured in local currencies were realised in North America Operations, partly offset by increasing sales in International Operations.

Haemophilia
Sales of haemophilia products decreased by 9% measured in Danish kroner and by 5% in local currencies to DKK 9,576 million. The sales decrease was primarily driven by lower NovoSeven® sales in the USA and Region Europe reflecting increased competition from a recently introduced product as well as increased clinical trial activity from competing products, partly offset by increased NovoSeven® sales in Region Latin America due to timing of tender deliveries. Furthermore, sales of NovoEight® in Region Europe and Region AAMEO contributed positively to the sales development as well as Refixia®, the long-acting factor IX product for people with haemophilia B, which now has been launched in 12 countries.

Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
Sales of growth disorder products increased by 3% measured in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies to DKK 6,834 million. The sales growth measured in local currencies was driven by positive contribution from both North America Operations and International Operations. Novo Nordisk is the leading company in the global human growth disorder market with a 26% market share measured in volume.

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DEVELOPMENT IN COSTS AND OPERATING PROFIT
The cost of goods sold was broadly unchanged compared to 2017 at DKK 17,617 million, resulting in a gross margin of 84.2% measured in Danish kroner, compared with 84.2%in 2017. The unchanged gross margin reflects a negative currency impact of 0.2 percentage point. The gross margin was positively impacted by improved productivity and positive contribution from product mix due to higher Victoza®, Tresiba® and Saxenda® sales, partly countered by lower contribution from NovoSeven®. The gross margin was negatively impacted by lower prices primarily related to the basal insulin segment in the USA.

Sales and distribution costs increased by 4% in Danish kroner and by 7% in local currencies to DKK 29,397 million. The increase in sales and distribution costs reflects higher promotional activities in both North America Operations and International Operations to support Victoza® and Saxenda® as well as launch activities for Ozempic® and severance costs related to lay-offs in the commercial organisation, partly offset by lower costs for legal cases.

Research and development costs increased by 6% in Danish kroner and by 8% in local currencies to DKK 14,805 million, reflecting higher costs for both research and development. The increase in research costs was driven by increased costs for the diabetes portfolio and costs related to 'other serious chronic diseases'. The increase in development costs was predominantly driven by the expense of the priority review voucher for oral semaglutide, injectable semaglutide in obesity for the STEP and SELECT programmes, partly offset by wind-down of the PIONEER programme. Research and development costs were also impacted by severance-related costs.

Administration costs increased by 3% in Danish kroner and increased by 7% in local currencies to DKK 3,916 million impacted by severance-related costs.

Other operating income (net) was DKK 1,152 million compared with DKK 1,041 million in 2017. In 2018, Novo Nordisk received milestone payments from partners related to out-licensed clinical assets, and Novo Nordisk recorded a net gain of DKK 122 million following the disposal of 2 million shares in NNIT to Novo Holdings A/S.

Operating profit decreased by 4% in Danish kroner and increased by 3% in local currencies to DKK 47,248 million, which is in line with the latest guidance for operating profit growth measured in local currencies of '2% to 5%' in 2018. The development in operating profit growth reflects the depreciation of the US dollar and related currencies versus the Danish krone as well as costs related to lay-offs in second half of 2018. Adjusting for severance costs and the priority review voucher, operating profit increased by 6% in local currencies.

FINANCIAL ITEMS (NET) AND TAX
Financial items (net) showed a net gain of DKK 367 million compared with a net loss of DKK 287 million in 2017. The reported net financial item in 2018 is broadly in line with the latest guidance of 'gain of around DKK 0.5 billion'.

In line with Novo Nordisk’s treasury policy, the most significant foreign exchange risks for the Group have been hedged, primarily through foreign exchange forward contracts. The foreign exchange result was a gain of DKK 298 million compared with a loss of DKK 187 million in 2017. This development reflects a gain on foreign exchange hedging involving especially the US dollar versus the Danish krone, partly offset by a net loss from non-hedged currencies.

A negative market value of financial contracts as per the end of December 2018 of approximately DKK 1.7 billion has been deferred for recognition in 2019.

The effective tax rate for 2018 was 18.9%, which is broadly in line with the latest guidance of a tax rate of '19% to 20%' for the full year 2018. The effective tax rate is positively impacted by non-recurring change in tax provisions related to settlement of international tax cases covering multiple years.


CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND FREE CASH FLOW
Net capital expenditure for property, plant and equipment was DKK 9.5 billion compared with DKK 8.7 billion in 2017, which is in line with the latest guidance of 'around DKK 9.5 billion'. Net capital expenditure was primarily related to investments in a new production facility for a range of diabetes active pharmaceutical ingredients in Clayton, North Carolina, USA, a new diabetes filling capacity in Hillerød, Denmark and an expansion of the manufacturing capacity for biopharmaceutical products in Kalundborg, Denmark.

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Free cash flow was DKK 32.5 billion compared with DKK 32.6 billion in 2017, which is in line with the latest guidance of 'DKK 29-33 billion'. The broadly unchanged free cash flow compared with 2017 primarily reflects increased capital expenditure, increased investment in intangible assets reflecting an acquisition of a priority review voucher for oral semaglutide and higher tax payments partly offset by the timing of rebate payments in the USA and higher net profit.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 2018
Please refer to appendix 1 for an overview of the quarterly numbers in DKK and to appendix 6 for details on sales in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Sales in the fourth quarter of 2018 increased by 6% in both Danish kroner and local currencies compared with the same period in 2017. The growth was driven by Ozempic®, Saxenda®, Tresiba®, NovoRapid®, Xultophy® and Fiasp®, partly offset by Levemir®, NovoSeven® and NovoMix®. Sales growth measured in local currencies in North America Operations of 7% was positively impacted by phasing of rebates in fourth quarter of 2017. Sales growth measured in local currencies in International Operations of 4% was partly impacted by timing of shipments in Region AAMEO and Region Latin America.

The gross margin was 84.4% in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared with 83.2% in the same period last year. The increase of 1.2 percentage point of the gross margin reflects a positive currency impact of 1.2 percentage point. The gross margin was positively impacted by improved productivity and positive contribution from product mix due to higher Tresiba®, Saxenda® and Ozempic® sales, partly countered by lower contribution from NovoSeven®. The gross margin was negatively impacted by lower prices primarily within the basal insulin segment in the USA.

Sales and distribution costs increased by 5% in Danish kroner and by 2% in local currencies compared with the same period in 2017, reflecting higher promotional costs in both operating units and severance costs related to lay-offs across the commercial organisations. In North America Operations, the increase in costs reflected promotional activities for the launch of Ozempic® as well as Tresiba® promotion. In International Operations, growth in costs was mainly in Region China, Region Europe and Region Latin America related to promotional activities for the GLP-1 product portfolio.

Research and development costs increased by 14% in Danish kroner and by 16% in local currencies compared with the same period in 2017. The increase in research and development costs reflects the expense of the priority review voucher for oral semaglutide. There was an underlying decline in development costs for oral semaglutide due to the finalisation of the PIONEER trials and lower costs for the development of Ozempic® and Fiasp®, partly offset by increased costs for injectable semaglutide in obesity.

Administrative costs increased by 14% in Danish kroner and by 15% in local currencies compared with the same period in 2017, mainly related to severance costs for lay-offs and higher spend across the regions.

Other operating income (net) was DKK 245 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 compared with DKK 151 million in the same period last year.

Operating profit increased by 7% in Danish kroner and by 4% in local currencies compared with the same period in 2017. Adjusting for severance-related costs and the priority review voucher, operating profit increased by 15% in local currencies.


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OUTLOOK
OUTLOOK 2019
The current expectations for 2019 are summarised in the table below:
 
 
 
 
Expectations are as reported, if not otherwise stated
Expectations
1 February 2019
 
 
 
 
Sales growth
 
in local currencies
2% to 5%
as reported
Around 2 percentage points higher than in local currencies
 
 
 
 
Operating profit growth
 
in local currencies
2% to 6%
as reported
Around 4 percentage points higher than in local currencies
 
 
 
 
Financial items (net)
Loss of around DKK 2.4 billion
 
 
Effective tax rate
20% to 22%
 
 
Capital expenditure (PP&E)
Around DKK 9 billion
 
 
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
Around DKK 4.5 billion
 
 
Free cash flow
DKK 29-34 billion
 
 
 
 
For 2019, sales growth is expected to be 2% to 5%, measured in local currencies. This guidance reflects expectations for robust performance for the GLP-1-based diabetes products Victoza® and Ozempic® and the obesity product Saxenda® as well as the portfolio of new-generation insulin. The guidance also reflects intensifying global competition both within diabetes and biopharmaceuticals, especially within the haemophilia inhibitor segment. Furthermore, continued pricing pressure within diabetes is expected, especially in the USA. This includes the previously communicated funding of the Medicare Part D coverage gap, which has been changed based on new legislation with effect from 2019 and with an expected negative impact of approximately DKK 2 billion. Given the current exchange rates versus the Danish krone, growth reported in DKK is expected to be around 2 percentage points higher than in local currencies.

For 2019, operating profit growth is expected to be 2% to 6%, measured in local currencies. The expectation for operating profit growth primarily reflects the sales growth outlook and continued focus on cost control. Operating profit growth is negatively impacted due to the changes in the funding of the coverage gap. Furthermore, growth in operating profit is positively impacted by the costs for the priority review voucher, which was expensed in fourth quarter of 2018. Given the current exchange rates versus the Danish krone, growth reported in DKK is expected to be around 4 percentage points higher than in local currencies.

For 2019, Novo Nordisk expects financial items (net) to amount to a loss of around DKK 2.4 billion, offsetting the positive currency impact on operating profit. The current expectation for 2019 reflects losses associated with foreign exchange hedging contracts, mainly related to the US dollar versus the Danish krone and losses on non-hedged currencies.

The effective tax rate for 2019 is expected to be in the range of 20-22%.

Capital expenditure is expected to be around DKK 9 billion in 2019, primarily related to investments in additional capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredient production within diabetes and an expansion of the diabetes filling capacity. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses are expected to be around DKK 4.5 billion. The increased level of depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses in 2019 reflects the inclusion of amortisation of lease assets following the introduction of IFRS 16. Free cash flow is expected to be DKK 29-34 billion.

All of the above expectations are based on assumptions that the global economic and political environment will not significantly change business conditions for Novo Nordisk during 2019 including the potential implications from Brexit, major healthcare reforms, and the currency exchange rates, especially the US dollar, will remain at the current level versus the Danish krone. Neither does the guidance include the financial implications in case of a significant bolt-on acquisition during 2019. Please refer to appendix 7 for key currency assumptions.


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Novo Nordisk has hedged expected net cash flows in a number of invoicing currencies and, all other things being equal, movements in key invoicing currencies will impact Novo Nordisk’s operating profit as outlined in the table below.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key invoicing currencies
Impact on Novo Nordisk's
operating profit in the next 12 months of a 5% immediate movement in currency
Hedging period (months)
 
 
 
 
 
 
USD
DKK 2,000 million
11
CNY
DKK 350 million
7*
JPY
DKK 160 million
12
GBP
DKK 85 million
10
CAD
DKK 90 million
10
 
 
 
* Chinese yuan traded offshore (CNH) used as proxy when hedging Novo Nordisk’s CNY currency exposure

The financial impact from foreign exchange hedging is included in Financial items (net).

LONG-TERM FINANCIAL TARGETS
Novo Nordisk introduced four long-term financial targets in 1996 to balance short- and long-term considerations, thereby ensuring a focus on shareholder value creation. The targets were subsequently revised and updated on several occasions most recently in connection with the report for the first nine months of 2016 released in October 2016. The long-term financial targets are meant to provide the company’s shareholders with a view of Novo Nordisk's general financial aspirations over an undefined period of time. Hence, the long-term financial targets are not a projection of Novo Nordisk's financial outlook or expected growth, nor do they relate to any single year.

The target level for operating profit after tax (OPAT) to net operating assets (NOA) is adjusted from 125% to 80%. The adjusted target reflects the changes to accounting principles for leases (IFRS 16) as of 1 January 2019 and the investment level in both tangible and intangible assets.

The target level for cash to earnings (three-year average) is adjusted from 90% to 85%. The adjusted target reflects the investment level in both tangible and intangible assets. Given the inherent volatility in this ratio, the target will be pursued looking at the average over a three-year period.

The target for 'operating profit growth' remains unchanged.

The long-term financial targets have been prepared based on the assumption of a continuation of the current business environment. Significant changes to the business environment, including the structure of the US healthcare system, regulatory requirements, pricing and market access environment, competitive environment, healthcare reforms, the financial implications in case of a significant bolt-on acquisition, exchange rates and changes to accounting standards may significantly impact the time horizon for achieving the long-term financial targets or require them to be revised.
 
 
 
 
 
 
LONG-TERM FINANCIAL TARGETS
Previous target
Adjusted target
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit growth
5%
5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating profit after tax to net operating assets
125%
80%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash to earnings (three-year average)
90%
85%
 
 
 
 

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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT UPDATE
Diabetes

Oral semaglutide (NN9924) demonstrates greater reductions in both HbA1c and body weight compared to Victoza® in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes in the PIONEER 9 trial
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk announced the headline results from PIONEER 9, a 52-week trial with oral semaglutide vs Victoza® (0.9 mg liraglutide) and vs placebo, all as monotherapy, in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes. Oral semaglutide is an investigational GLP-1 analogue taken once daily as a tablet. PIONEER 9 was a phase 3a safety and efficacy trial investigating 3, 7 and 14 mg oral semaglutide compared with Victoza® and with placebo in 243 Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes.

The trial successfully achieved its primary objective by demonstrating that, from a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.2%, people treated with 3, 7 and 14 mg oral semaglutide experienced statistically significant reductions in HbA1c of 1.1%, 1.5% and 1.7%, respectively, compared to a reduction of 0.1% with placebo after 26 weeks. Furthermore, 14 mg oral semaglutide achieved a statistically significantly greater reduction in HbA1c compared to a reduction of 1.4% with Victoza®.

After 52 weeks, people treated with 3, 7 and 14 mg oral semaglutide experienced statistically significantly greater reductions in HbA1c of 0.9%, 1.3% and 1.5%, respectively, compared to an increase of 0.5% for people treated with placebo. Furthermore, people treated with Victoza® experienced a reduction in HbA1c of 1.1%, which was not statistically significant in favour of oral semaglutide.

The Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) treatment target of HbA1c <7.0% was achieved by 50%, 67% and 80% of people treated with 3, 7 and 14 mg oral semaglutide, respectively, compared to 49% of people treated with Victoza® and 12% of people treated with placebo at week 52.

From a mean baseline body weight of 71.1 kg, people treated with 14 mg oral semaglutide experienced a statistically significantly greater weight reduction of 2.8 kg after 52 weeks compared to 1.0 kg with placebo and a weight increase of 0.4 kg with Victoza®. People treated with 3 and 7 mg oral semaglutide experienced a body weight reduction of 0.0 kg and 0.6 kg, respectively.

In this 52-week trial, oral semaglutide was well-tolerated and with a safety profile consistent with GLP-1-based therapy. The most common adverse events for oral semaglutide were constipation and mild to moderate nausea, which diminished over time. The proportion of people who discontinued treatment due to adverse events was 2-4% for people treated with oral semaglutide.

Oral semaglutide demonstrates favourable cardiovascular safety profile and significant reduction in cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes in the PIONEER 6 cardiovascular outcomes trial
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk announced the headline results from the last global phase 3a trial, PIONEER 6, for oral semaglutide, an investigational GLP-1 analogue taken once daily as a tablet. This double-blinded trial investigated the cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide 14 mg compared with placebo, both in addition to standard of care, in 3,183 adults with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular events.

The trial achieved its primary endpoint by demonstrating non-inferiority of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with oral semaglutide compared with placebo, both in addition to standard of care. The results are based on the accumulated occurrence of 137 major adverse cardiovascular events, with a median follow-up time of 16 months. The primary endpoint of the PIONEER 6 trial was defined as the MACE composite outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and showed a hazard ratio of 0.79 in favour of oral semaglutide compared with placebo. The 21% reduction in MACE in favour of oral semaglutide did not reach statistical significance.

The MACE results demonstrated by oral semaglutide were driven by a statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular death of 51% (HR 0.49, p=0.03), while non-fatal myocardial infarction (HR 1.18, non-significant) or non-fatal stroke (HR 0.74, non-significant) were broadly similarly distributed between the two treatment arms. In addition, a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality of 49% (HR 0.51, p=0.008) in favour of oral semaglutide was observed.


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The improvements in secondary endpoints, including HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure, were similar to results reported throughout the PIONEER programme for oral semaglutide. Furthermore, the safety profile of oral semaglutide in PIONEER 6 was consistent with the established safety profile observed in previous PIONEER clinical trials.

Semaglutide regulatory update
Novo Nordisk has decided to submit the oral semaglutide file around the end of first quarter 2019 and has notified the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that Novo Nordisk will request priority review of the oral semaglutide filing based on a priority review voucher. Novo Nordisk still expects to file oral semaglutide for EU approval during first half of 2019.

As announced in August 2018, Novo Nordisk has since the approval of Ozempic® (once-weekly injectable semaglutide) engaged in a constructive dialogue with the FDA on minimising the need for additional individual large cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) to obtain a cardiovascular (CV) indication for semaglutide in different formulations. Following the results of the PIONEER 6 trial, Novo Nordisk is currently evaluating the potential to obtain a CV indication for Ozempic® based on the already obtained clinical data from the CVOT SUSTAIN 6 in combination with the CVOT PIONEER 6 with oral semaglutide. Novo Nordisk will continue these discussions with the FDA.

Phase 2 trial initiated with once-weekly insulin LAI287 (NN1436) to evaluate safety and efficacy
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk initiated a phase 2 trial with once-weekly insulin LAI287 in people with type 2 diabetes. The trial is a multi-national, double-blinded, active-controlled trial with an expected enrolment of approximately 350 insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes. The main objective of the trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of LAI287.

Phase 1 trial initiated with LAIsema (NN1535), the once-weekly combination of once-weekly insulin LAI287 and once-weekly injectable GLP-1 semaglutide
In January 2019, Novo Nordisk initiated a phase 1 trial with LAIsema, the combination of once-weekly insulin LAI287 and once-weekly injectable GLP-1 semaglutide. The trial will investigate single-dose pharmacokinetics of LAIsema in a fixed ratio compared with LAI287 and semaglutide given separately in people with type 2 diabetes. The trial is a single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, three-period, cross-over trial with an expected enrolment of approximately 30 people with type 2 diabetes.

Obesity

Embark and Novo Nordisk enter collaboration to discover novel therapeutics for obesity and metabolic diseases
In November 2018, Embark Biotech and Novo Nordisk announced that they have entered into a research collaboration focusing on the discovery of novel treatments for obesity and its associated metabolic pathologies through mechanisms that increase energy expenditure. The aim of the collaboration is to develop novel drug candidates that help people with obesity lose weight by burning off excess energy instead of storing it as fat. The potential addition of energy expenditure drugs would make a meaningful difference in the treatment of obesity. The work behind the research platform and the spin-out of Embark Biotech has been supported by Novo Seeds and the Novo Nordisk Foundation since 2016. As part of the collaboration agreement, Embark will receive research support for activities conducted in the collaboration, and Novo Nordisk has an option to licence exclusive worldwide rights to develop and commercialise products discovered in the collaboration.

Biopharm

SC N8-GP (NN7170) discontinued due to anti-drug antibodies detection
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk completed alleviate 1, a combined single- and multiple-dose trial investing safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics with SC N8-GP. The objective of SC N8-GP was to develop N8-GP for subcutaneous administration for prophylactic treatment of patients with Haemophilia A. In the trial, anti-drug antibodies were detected after repeated treatment with SC N8-GP in five out of 26 patients. The antibody formation was considered a result of the subcutaneous route of administration as a similar antibody pattern has not been observed following intravenous administration of N8-GP. Based on the clinical findings in alleviate 1 Novo Nordisk has decided not to continue the development of SC N8-GP.


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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 17 of 36


Successful completion of phase 2 trial, explorer4, with concizumab (NN7415) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic administration in people with haemophilia A and B with inhibitors
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk completed the main phase of the phase 2 trial, explorer4, with concizumab to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic administration in people with haemophilia A and B with inhibitors. In the explorer4 trial, the pre-defined criteria for clinical proof-of-concept were met, showing reduced annual bleeding rate (ABR) on daily concizumab prophylaxis compared to the control arm with NovoSeven® on-demand treatment.

The results from the two phase 2 trials: explorer4 and explorer5 (in people with severe haemophilia A without inhibitors) confirmed the correlation between increased levels of concizumab, reduced levels of TFPI and increased clotting potential as demonstrated by normalisation of the thrombin generation potential in most patients. There were no observed safety differences between the patient segments and across the two trials, and there were no issues with treatment of breakthrough bleeds and concizumab appeared to have a safe and well tolerated profile. All 57 patients completing the main phase of the two trials chose to continue in the extension phase of the trials.

Following the successful completion of the phase 2 programme with concizumab, Novo Nordisk is now preparing a broad pivotal phase 3a programme with expected initiation in second half of 2019.

Positive results from REAL 3 phase 2 extension trial with long-acting growth hormone somapacitan (NN8640) for treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD).
In November 2018, Novo Nordisk completed the extension phase of REAL 3, the phase 2 trial with long-acting recombinant growth hormone, somapacitan. REAL 3 was a randomised, parallel-group active-controlled trial with the endpoint to evaluate the efficacy of multiple dose regimens of once-weekly somapacitan after a full year of treatment in 59 growth hormone treatment-naïve pre-pubertal children with growth hormone deficiency, compared to daily Norditropin® administration. The trial confirmed dose dependency for the mean annualised height velocity of the three dose levels of somapacitan as reported after 26 weeks of treatment. The observed safety profile in the study was consistent with that known for Norditropin®.

Novo Nordisk is preparing for the pivotal phase 3 somapacitan programmes in GHD children as well as a phase 2 trial in children born small for gestational age (SGA).

Other Serious Chronic Diseases

Staten Biotechnology and Novo Nordisk announce collaboration to develop novel treatment for dyslipidaemia
In December 2018, Staten Biotechnology and Novo Nordisk announced that they have entered into a collaboration and exclusive option agreement to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia. Under the collaboration agreement, Novo Nordisk will provide research and development funding and support for Staten Biotechnology to develop its lead asset STT-5058 for treatment of dyslipidaemia. Under the exclusive option agreement, Novo Nordisk has the right to acquire Staten Biotechnology and gain worldwide rights to STT-5058. Staten Biotechnology and its shareholders will potentially receive signing and exercise fees, R&D funding and milestone payments of up to 430 million euros.


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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 18 of 36


SUSTAINABILITY UPDATE
SOCIAL PERFORMANCE
2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

% change
2017 to 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patients
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patients reached with Novo Nordisk diabetes
products (estimate in millions)
29.2

27.7

28.0

26.8

24.4

5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employees (FTE)1
42,672

42,076

41,971

40,638

40,957

1
%
Employee turnover
11.7
%
11.0
%
9.7
%
9.2
%
9.0
%
 
Gender in management (ratio men:women)
60:40

60:40

59:41

59:41

60:40

 
Employee engagement
91
%
90
%



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Responsible business
 
 
 
 
 
 
Relevant employees trained in business ethics
99
%
99
%
99
%
98
%
98
%
 
Product recalls
3

6

6

2

2

(50
)%
Failed inspections
0

0

0

0

0

 
Company reputation (scale 0-100)
83.3

79.3

77.8

81.1

79.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resources
 
 
 
 
 
 
Energy consumption (1,000 GJ)
2,890

2,922

2,935

2,778

2,556

(1
)%
Share of renewable power for production
77
%
79
%
78
%
78
%
73
%
 
Water consumption (1,000 m3)
3,101

3,276

3,293

3,131

2,959

(5
%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emissions and waste
 
 
 
 
 
 
CO2 emissions from energy consumption at
production sites and product distribution
(1,000 tons)
127

129

130

150

177

(2
%)
Waste (1,000 tons)
142

157

153

159

141

(10
%)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Employee FTE for 2014 includes approximately 2,400 full-time equivalent employees of associated company.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

SOCIAL PERFORMANCE

Patients
Novo Nordisk’s business is built on the ambition to drive change to defeat diabetes and other serious chronic diseases. This involves helping people with these diseases live better, healthier lives and enhancing access to medical treatment and quality of care.

In 2018, Novo Nordisk provided medical treatment to an estimated 29.2 million people with diabetes worldwide, compared with 27.7 in 2017. This 5% increase was primarily driven by sales of human insulin (0.6 million people) and long-acting, premix and fast-acting modern and new-generation insulin (0.6 million people).

Through Novo Nordisk’s Access to Insulin Commitment, the company guarantees to provide low-priced human insulin to governments in the poorest parts of the world and selected humanitarian organisations at a ceiling price of USD 4 per vial. As a result, an estimated 0.3 million people were treated with insulin for on average USD 0.12 per day as in 2017. Beyond this commitment, Novo Nordisk sold human insulin at or below the ceiling price in other countries, reaching an estimated 5 million people in 2018, which is the same level as in 2017.


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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 19 of 36


As of 2019, the guarantee is expanded to include 29 middle-income countries as defined by the World Bank. This means that a total of 78 countries, home of 124 million people with diabetes as well as selected humanitarian organisations, can benefit from this guarantee.

Employees
Novo Nordisk aims to be an attractive employer that offers a safe and healthy, inclusive and engaging working environment in which all employees have equal opportunities to realise their potential. At the end of 2018, the total number of employees was 43,202, corresponding to 42,672 full-time positions, which is a 1% increase compared with 2017. The development in employees was mainly driven by Region China, Region Europe, the global service centre in Bangalore, India and expansions of production facilities in Algeria, China and the US. Employee turnover increased from 11.0% in 2017 to 11.7% in 2018 as a result of organisational adjustments in line with the company’s strategy for growth.

In 2018, Novo Nordisk restructured the R&D organisation to accelerate the expansion and diversification of its pipeline and enable increased investment in transformational biological and technological innovation. Additional restructuring initiatives across functions and geographies were made to support the commercial activities for the portfolio of innovative products. Consequently, the total workforce was reduced by approximately 1,300 employees. These reductions are not yet fully reflected in the reported number of full-time positions for the year 2018 due to notice periods in the various jurisdictions.

By the end of 2018, the gender distribution among managers was 60% men and 40% women, unchanged from 2017. Of the newly promoted managers, 38% were women, compared with 43% in 2017. The decreasing share of women among newly appointed managers was driven by fewer women appointed to entry level positions (manager and team leader). At the same time a higher share of women were appointed to senior management positions (SVP, CVP, VP and GM), especially among external hires.

The level of employee engagement and commitment to the company’s values remains high. In the annual employee survey, conducted in the second quarter of 2018, 91% of employees responded positively to a set of questions to measure the level of engagement compared with 90% in 2017.

The average frequency rate of occupational accidents with absence was 2.4 per million working hours in 2018 compared with 2.7 in 2017. As in 2017, there were no work-related fatalities in 2018. Novo Nordisk works with a zero-injury mindset and remains committed to continuously improving safety performance. Employees are encouraged to always make the safe choice, and it is emphasised that safety behaviour is part of the company values.

Responsible business
Novo Nordisk had three product recalls from the market in 2018, compared with six in 2017. None of these recalls were critical. Local health authorities were informed in all instances to ensure that distributors, pharmacies, doctors and patients received appropriate information.

Novo Nordisk's reputation among key stakeholders - people with diabetes, general practitioners and diabetes specialists - is an indicator of the extent to which the company lives up to stakeholders' expectations and the likelihood that they will trust, support and engage with the company. The company reputation score, measured on a scale of 0-100, increased to 83.3, from 79.3 in 2017. Data were collected between June and September 2018; a score between 70 and 80 is considered strong.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Resources
In 2018, the energy consumption at production sites remained stable compared with 2017. 77% of the power (electricity) used at the production sites came from renewable sources such as wind and hydropower.

Water consumption at production sites decreased by 5% in 2018. Three facilities in Algeria, Brazil and China, accounting for 14% of Novo Nordisk’s total water use in 2018, are located in areas that could be impacted by water stress or large seasonal variations.



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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 20 of 36


Emissions and waste
In 2018, CO2 emissions from production sites and product distribution decreased by 2% to 127,000 tons. As of 2018, Novo Nordisk has expanded the scope to also cover the company’s global CO2 emissions from global offices, laboratories, company cars and business flights, which amounted to 269,000 tons.

Several Novo Nordisk suppliers have committed to targets and actions to reduce their carbon emissions. As part of Novo Nordisk’s supply chain programme, more than 30 key suppliers were engaged in 2018 to increase energy efficiency and use of renewable energy in their operations.

Compared to 2017, waste from production sites decreased by 10% in 2018. This was primarily due to decreased amounts of organic residues from fermentation processes generated at the API facility in Kalundborg, Denmark.

A new biogas plant was put in operation in 2018 in Denmark for local handling of the organic residues. The biogas plant converts residues into bio-natural gas and fertiliser, which is used on local farmland. The project is a partnership between Novo Nordisk, Novozymes and the energy company, Ørsted.

Circular for Zero
In 2018, Novo Nordisk set an ambition to have zero negative environmental impact. To get there, a new environmental strategy was adopted that addresses risks across the entire value chain, including climate change, water and resource scarcity, pollution and plastic waste.

The strategy embraces a circular mindset - designing and producing products so that they can be recovered and re-used, and reshaping business practices to minimise consumption and eliminate waste by turning it into new resources.

In 2018, a new target was set, as part of the environmental strategy, committing to zero CO2 emissions from operations and transportation by 2030. The target covers global operations, including offices and laboratories, along with company cars, business flights and product distribution. The target will be met by shifting to renewable energy sources whenever possible, using hybrid and electric cars and increasing use of virtual meetings. For emissions that cannot be eliminated, Novo Nordisk will compensate by investing in CO2-reducing projects.
EQUITY
Total equity was DKK 51,839 million at the end of 2018, equivalent to 46.8% of total assets, compared with 48.7% at the end of 2017. Please refer to appendix 5 for further elaboration of changes in equity.

2018 share repurchase programme
On 5 November 2018, Novo Nordisk announced a share repurchase programme of up to DKK 3.2 billion to be executed from 6 November 2018 to 30 January 2019, as part of an overall programme of up to DKK 15 billion to be executed during a 12-month period beginning 1 February 2018. The purpose of the programme was to reduce the company’s share capital and to meet obligations arising from share-based incentive programmes. Under the programme, Novo Nordisk has repurchased 10,569,282 B shares for an amount of DKK 3.2 billion in the period from 6 November 2018 to 30 January 2019. The programme was concluded on 30 January 2019.

As of 30 January 2019, Novo Nordisk A/S has repurchased a total of 49,755,912 B shares equal to a transaction value of DKK 15.0 billion under the DKK 15 billion programme beginning 1 February 2018.

As of 30 January 2019, Novo Nordisk A/S and its wholly-owned affiliates owned 59,669,930 of its own B shares, corresponding to 2.4% of the total share capital.

Proposed final dividend of DKK 5.15 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20
At the Annual General Meeting on 21 March 2019, the Board of Directors will propose a final dividend of DKK 5.15 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20. The total dividend for 2018 of DKK 8.15 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20 includes both the interim dividend of DKK 3.00 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20, which was paid in August 2018, and the proposed final dividend of DKK 5.15 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20 to be paid in March 2019. The total dividend is hence expected to increase by 4% compared with the 2017 dividend of DKK 7.85 for each Novo Nordisk A and B share of DKK 0.20. The total dividend for 2018 corresponds to a payout ratio of 50.6%, in line with a payout ratio of around 50.2% for Novo Nordisk’s

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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 21 of 36


peer group of comparable pharmaceutical companies in 2017. No dividend will be paid on the company’s holding of own B shares.

2019 share repurchase programme
The Board of Directors has approved a new share repurchase programme of up to DKK 15 billion to be executed during the coming 12 months. The total programme may be reduced in size, in case of a significant bolt-on acquisition during 2019.

As part of the up to DKK 15 billion 2019 share repurchase programme, Novo Nordisk A/S will initiate a new share repurchase programme for an amount of up to DKK 2.7 billion in accordance with Article 5 of Regulation No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and Council of 16 April 2014 (MAR) and the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1052 of 8 March 2016 (the "Safe Harbour Rules”). For that purpose, Novo Nordisk A/S has appointed Nordea Danmark, Filial af Nordea Bank Abp, as lead manager to execute the programme independently and without influence from Novo Nordisk A/S. The purpose of the programme is to reduce the company’s share capital and to meet obligations arising from share-based incentive programmes. Under the agreement, Nordea Danmark, Filial af Nordea Bank Abp, will repurchase B shares on behalf of Novo Nordisk A/S during the trading period starting today, 1 February, and ending on 1 May 2019.

A maximum of 185,330,070 B shares in total can be bought during the trading period. The maximum number of B shares that can be repurchased on a single trading day may not exceed 20% of the average daily trading volume of Novo Nordisk B shares on the trading venue, on which the purchase takes place, during the preceding 20 trading days of the purchase (excluding the day of the purchase). Compared to previous share repurchase programmes initiated by Novo Nordisk A/S the method of determining the average daily trading volume has been updated, cf Article 3(3) of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1052. At least once every seven trading days, Novo Nordisk A/S will issue an announcement in respect of the transactions made under the repurchase programme.

Novo Nordisk’s majority shareholder Novo Holdings A/S, a holding company fully owned by the Novo Nordisk Foundation, has informed Novo Nordisk that it intends to consider its participation in the Novo Nordisk share repurchase programme on a year-by-year basis. For 2019, Novo Nordisk has been informed by Novo Holdings A/S that it plans to participate in the share repurchase programme. Novo Holdings A/S has an ownership of 28.1% of the Novo Nordisk share capital, and Novo Holdings A/S currently intends to maintain its ownership of the Novo Nordisk share capital around 28%.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Remuneration principles for executives
Novo Nordisk’s remuneration principles aim to attract, retain and motivate members of Executive Management. Remuneration levels are designed to be competitive and to align the interests of the executives with shareholder interests. The current remuneration principles were approved at the Annual General Meeting in March 2018.

Long-term, share-based incentive programme for senior management
Members of Novo Nordisk's Executive Management (9 at the end of 2018) and other members of the Management Board (32 in 2018) have participated in a performance-based incentive programme. In 2018, the performance-based incentive programme operated with a yearly maximum allocation equal to 18 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for the chief executive officer, 13.5 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for the other members of Executive Management and nine months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for other members of the Management Board. Once the share allocation per member of the Management Board has been approved by the Board of Directors, the total cash amount is converted into Novo Nordisk B shares at market price. The market price is calculated as the average trading price for Novo Nordisk B shares on Nasdaq Copenhagen in the open trading window following the release of the full-year financial results for the year prior to the relevant performance year. The shares allocated per member of the Management Board are locked up for a three-year period before they are transferred to the individual member.

For 2015, 378,421 shares were allocated to the members of the Management Board and the value at launch of the programme (DKK 108 million) was expensed in 2015. The number of shares in the 2015 performance-based incentive programme has not subsequently been reduced by the Board of Directors as the financial performance in the following years (2016-2018) reached specified threshold levels. Hence, the original number of shares allocated to the members of the Management Board will, according to the principles of the scheme, be transferred to 33

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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 22 of 36


current and former members of the Management Board immediately after the announcement of the 2018 full-year financial results on 1 February 2019.

In 2018, Novo Nordisk exceeded the target for economic value creation by 4.4%, primarily driven by higher operating profit, a lower effective tax rate partly offset by an unfavourable net impact from currencies. Sales were 1.0% above the target level in local currencies. One of the non financial targets within R&D were ceased for strategic reasons and the weight was re-allocated to other R&D related targets. All of the remaining non-financial targets were reached in 2018. On this basis, 70% of the maximum share allocation will be allocated to the participants in the long-term share-based incentive programme.

On 31 January 2019, the Board of Directors consequently approved the allocation of a total of 411,090 Novo Nordisk B shares in relation to the long-term incentive programme for 2018. This allocation equals 12.6 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution for the chief executive officer, whereas shares equalling 9.4 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution will be allocated to the executive vice presidents and shares equalling 7 months’ fixed base salary plus pension contribution will be allocated to the senior vice presidents. The shares allocated have a three-year vesting period. The amount of shares allocated may be reduced or increased by up to 30%, depending on whether the average sales growth per year in the three-year vesting period deviates from a target set by the Board of Directors.

The value at launch of the programme is DKK 115 million. The value of the programme will be amortised over four years (2018-2021). According to the principles of the programme, the share price used for the conversion of the performance programme to Novo Nordisk B shares was the average share price (DKK 304 per share of DKK 0.20) for Novo Nordisk B shares on Nasdaq Copenhagen in the 15 days trading window (1 February-15 February 2018) following the release of the annual report for 2017 when the programme was approved by the Board of Directors.

Long-term, share-based incentive programme for corporate vice presidents and vice presidents
A number of key employees below senior management also participate in a share-based programme with similar performance criteria as the programme for senior management. The share-based incentive programme for key employees will, as is the case for the programme for senior management, be based on an annual calculation of economic profit generation compared to the planned performance for the year. At the beginning of each year, the Board of Directors defines a maximum number of shares per participant equal to a specific number of months of fixed base salary. The shares in the pool are also locked up for a three-year period before they may be transferred to the participants.

For 2015, 879,988 shares were allocated to a share pool for key employees, and the value at launch of the programme (DKK 251 million) has been amortised over the period 2015-2018. The number of shares in the 2015 share pool has not subsequently been reduced by the Board of Directors as the financial performance in the following years (2016-2018) reached specified threshold levels. 667,573 shares will be transferred to 670 employees after the announcement of the 2018 full-year financial results on 1 February 2019. The number of shares to be transferred is lower than the original number of shares allocated to the share pool as some participants have left the company before the release conditions of the programme have been met.

For 2018, based on an assessment similar to the senior management programme, the Board of Directors on 31 January 2019 approved the allocation 1,114,455  Novo Nordisk B shares for approximately 1,050 key employees. This allocation corresponds to a value at launch of the programme of DKK 312 million using the same share price mechanism as described for the senior management programme. The value of the programme will be amortised over four years (2018-2021). The amount of shares allocated may be reduced or increased by up to 30%, depending on whether the average sales growth per year in the three-year vesting period deviates from a target set by the Board of Directors.

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Company announcement No 6 / 2019




Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 23 of 36


LEGAL MATTERS
Product liability lawsuits related to Victoza®
Novo Nordisk, along with the majority of incretin-based product manufacturers in the USA, is a defendant in product liability lawsuits related to use of incretin-based medications. As of 31 January 2019, 290 plaintiffs have named Novo Nordisk in product liability lawsuits, predominantly claiming damages for pancreatic cancer that allegedly developed as a result of using Victoza® and other GLP-1/DPP-IV incretin-based products.187 of the Novo Nordisk plaintiffs have also named other defendants in their lawsuits. Most Novo Nordisk plaintiffs have filed suit in California federal and state courts.

In November 2015, all cases pending in the California federal and state courts were dismissed on federal pre-emption grounds. Plaintiffs subsequently appealed these rulings to the federal and California state appeals courts. In November 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed and vacated the Federal District Court Judge’s ruling, thereby reinstating the dismissed federal lawsuits and sending them back to the Federal District Court in California for further proceedings. The ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals does not bind the California State Appeals Court, which is currently reviewing the state court judge’s pre-emption ruling. Currently, Novo Nordisk does not have any individual trials scheduled in 2019. Novo Nordisk does not expect the pending claims to have a material impact on its financial position, operating profit or cash flow.

US House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform requests information involving pricing practices from several pharmaceutical companies including Novo Nordisk
In January 2019, Novo Nordisk was one of several pharmaceutical companies that received a request for information involving pricing practices from United States Representative Elijah Cummings, chair of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform.The Company will be cooperating with the Committee and will respond to the requests set forth in the Committee’s letter. Novo Nordisk does not expect this inquiry to have a material impact on Novo Nordisk’s financial position, operating profit or cash flow.

US House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce and Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations requests information involving insulin pricing practices from three pharmaceutical companies including Novo Nordisk
In January 2019, Novo Nordisk was one of three pharmaceutical companies that received a request for information involving insulin pricing practices from United States Representatives Frank Pallone, Jr. and Diana DeGette, chairs of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce and Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, respectively. The Company will be cooperating with the Committee and will respond to the requests set forth in the Committee’s letter. Novo Nordisk does not expect this inquiry to have a material impact on Novo Nordisk’s financial position, operating profit or cash flow.




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Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 24 of 36


Forward-looking statements
Novo Nordisk’s reports filed with or furnished to the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including this document as well as the company’s statutory Annual Report 2018 and Form 20-F, which are both expected to be filed with the SEC in February 2019 in continuation of the publication of the Annual Report 2018, and written information released, or oral statements made, to the public in the future by or on behalf of Novo Nordisk, may contain forward-looking statements. Words such as ‘believe’, ‘expect’, ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘plan’, ‘strategy’, ‘prospect’, ‘foresee’, ‘estimate’, ‘project’, ‘anticipate’, ‘can’, ‘intend’, ‘target’ and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance identify forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

statements of targets, plans, objectives or goals for future operations, including those related to Novo Nordisk’s products, product research, product development, product introductions and product approvals as well as cooperation in relation thereto,
statements containing projections of or targets for revenues, costs, income (or loss), earnings per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure, net financials and other financial measures,
statements regarding future economic performance, future actions and outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, and
statements regarding the assumptions underlying or relating to such statements.

In this document, examples of forward-looking statements can be found under the headings ‘Outlook’, ‘Research and Development update’ and 'Equity’.

These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections. By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific. Novo Nordisk cautions that a number of important factors, including those described in this document, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements.

Factors that may affect future results include, but are not limited to, global as well as local political and economic conditions, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations, delay or failure of projects related to research and/or development, unplanned loss of patents, interruptions of supplies and production, product recalls, unexpected contract breaches or terminations, government-mandated or market-driven price decreases for Novo Nordisk’s products, introduction of competing products, reliance on information technology, Novo Nordisk’s ability to successfully market current and new products, exposure to product liability and legal proceedings and investigations, changes in governmental laws and related interpretation thereof, including on reimbursement, intellectual property protection and regulatory controls on testing, approval, manufacturing and marketing, perceived or actual failure to adhere to ethical marketing practices, investments in and divestitures of domestic and foreign companies, unexpected growth in costs and expenses, failure to recruit and retain the right employees, and failure to maintain a culture of compliance.

For an overview of some, but not all, of the risks that could adversely affect Novo Nordisk’s results or the accuracy of forward-looking statements in this document, reference is made to the overview of risk factors in ‘Risk management enables better decision-making’ on pp 41-43 of the Annual Report 2018.

Unless required by law, Novo Nordisk is under no duty and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement after the distribution of this document, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.




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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 25 of 36


MANAGEMENT STATEMENT
The Board of Directors and Executive Management have approved the Annual Report 2018 of Novo Nordisk A/S, including the audited consolidated financial statements. The Board of Directors and Executive Management have also approved this financial statement containing condensed financial information for 2018.

The consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report 2018 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and with the IFRS as endorsed by the EU. Furthermore, the Annual Report 2018, including the consolidated financial statements and management review, is prepared in accordance with additional Danish disclosure requirements for listed companies and in accordance with the International Integrated Reporting Framework.

This financial statement has been prepared in accordance with the recognition and measurement requirements in the IFRS, the accounting policies as applied in the audited consolidated financial statements of 2018 and additional Danish disclosure requirements for listed companies.

In our opinion, the accounting policies used are appropriate, and the overall presentation of this financial statement is adequate. Furthermore, in our opinion, this company announcement of the financial statement for 2018 includes a true and fair account of the development in the operations and financial circumstances of the results for the year and of the financial position of the Group as well as a reference to the most significant risks and elements of uncertainty facing the Group in accordance with Danish disclosure requirements for listed companies.

Bagsværd, 1 February 2019
Executive Management:
 
 
 
 
 
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen
President and CEO
Karsten Munk Knudsen
CFO
Jesper Brandgaard
 
 
 
Lars Green
Camilla Sylvest
Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen
 
 
 
Henrik Wulff
 
 
 
 
 
Board of Directors:
 
 
 
 
 
Helge Lund
Chairman
Jeppe Christiansen
Vice chairman
Brian Daniels
 
 
 
Andreas Fibig
Sylvie Grégoire
Liz Hewitt
 
 
 
Mette Bøjer Jensen
Kasim Kutay
Anne Marie Kverneland
 
 
 
Martin Mackay
Thomas Rantzau
Stig Strøbæk

Financial
Performance
Outlook
R&D
Sustainability
Equity
Corporate governance
Legal
Financial Information
 
 
 
 
 
Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 26 of 36


APPENDIX 1: QUARTERLY NUMBERS IN DKK
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in DKK million, except number of full-time equivalent employees, earnings per share and number of shares outstanding).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
% change

 
2018
 
2017
 
Q4 2018 vs.

 
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
Q4 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
29,732

27,762

27,407

26,930

 
27,992

26,614

28,638

28,452

 
6
%
 
 
 


 





 
 
Gross profit
25,079

23,347

23,055

22,733

 
23,292

22,342

24,229

24,201

 
8
%
Gross margin
84.4
%
84.1
%
84.1
%
84.4
%
 
83.2
%
83.9
%
84.6
%
85.1
%
 


 
 
 


 





 


Sales and distribution costs
8,728

7,128

7,090

6,451

 
8,295

6,497

6,761

6,787

 
5
%
Percentage of sales
29.4
%
25.7
%
25.9
%
24.0
%
 
29.6
%
24.4
%
23.6
%
23.9
%
 


Research and development costs
4,544

3,644

3,296

3,321

 
3,983

3,328

3,414

3,289

 
14
%
Percentage of sales
15.3
%
13.1
%
12.0
%
12.3
%
 
14.2
%
12.5
%
11.9
%
11.6
%
 


Administrative costs
1,269

932

851

864

 
1,118

896

857

913

 
14
%
Percentage of sales
4.3
%
3.4
%
3.1
%
3.2
%
 
4.0
%
3.4
%
3.0
%
3.2
%
 


Other operating income, net
245

170

386

351

 
151

423

189

278

 
62
%
 
 
 


 





 


Operating profit
10,783

11,813

12,204

12,448

 
10,047

12,044

13,386

13,490

 
7
%
Operating margin
36.3
%
42.6
%
44.5
%
46.2
%
 
35.9
%
45.3
%
46.7
%
47.4
%
 


 
 
 


 





 


Financial income
(37
)
(78
)
1,039

1,198

 
175

392

421

258

 
N/A

Financial expenses
376

597

745

37

 
(349
)
(26
)
1,164

744

 
N/A

Financial items (net)
(413
)
(675
)
294

1,161

 
524

418

(743
)
(486
)
 
N/A

 
 
 


 





 


Profit before income taxes
10,370

11,138

12,498

13,609

 
10,571

12,462

12,643

13,004

 
(2
%)
 
 
 


 





 


Income taxes
1,873

2,101

2,155

2,858

 
2,318

2,692

2,692

2,848

 
(19
%)
 
 
 


 





 


Net profit
8,497

9,037

10,343

10,751

 
8,253

9,770

9,951

10,156

 
3
%
 
 
 


 





 


Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
1,642

783

768

732

 
905

706

863

708

 
81
%
Capital expenditure (net)
3,311

2,316

1,587

2,310

 
3,043

2,098

1,934

1,604

 
9
%
Net cash generated from operating activities
7,412

11,619

15,770

9,815

 
6,032

12,921

10,117

12,098

 
23
%
Free cash flow
3,313

8,755

13,227

7,241

 
2,866

10,930

8,392

10,400

 
16
%
 
 
 


 





 


Total assets
110,769

101,895

103,248

93,558

 
102,355

97,891

97,825

94,213

 
8
%
Total equity
51,839

47,512

49,081

44,238

 
49,815

46,946

48,436

40,301

 
4
%
Equity ratio
46.8
%
46.6
%
47.5
%
47.3
%
 
48.7
%
48.0
%
49.5
%
42.8
%
 


 
 
 


 





 


Full-time equivalent employees end of period
42,672

43,161

43,105

42,688

 
42,076

41,656

41,385

41,636

 
1
%
 
 
 


 





 


Basic earnings per share/ADR (in DKK)
3.54

3.74

4.27

4.41

 
3.38

3.96

4.01

4.07

 
5
%
Diluted earnings per share/ADR (in DKK)
3.53

3.74

4.26

4.40

 
3.36

3.96

4.01

4.06

 
5
%
Average number of shares outstanding (million)
2,401.2

2,414.1

2,425.8

2,437.3

 
2,451.2

2,465.6

2,480.2

2,495.8

 
(2
%)
Average number of diluted shares
 
 


 





 


outstanding (million)
2,406.1

2,419.2

2,430.9

2,442.3

 
2,456.1

2,469.4

2,484.1

2,500.0

 
(2
%)
 
 
 


 





 


Sales by business segment:
 
 


 





 


   Long-acting insulin
5,456

5,158

5,357

4,873

 
5,494

5,098

5,976

5,606

 
(1
%)
   Premix insulin
2,438

2,527

2,587

2,642

 
2,622

2,562

2,704

2,861

 
(7
%)
   Fast-acting insulin
5,030

4,609

4,936

4,778

 
4,618

5,087

5,102

5,317

 
9
%
   Human insulin1)
2,178

2,386

2,335

2,366

 
2,393

2,429

2,455

2,516

 
(9
%)
   Total insulin
15,102

14,680

15,215

14,659

 
15,127

15,176

16,237

16,300

 
0
%
   Total GLP-1
7,492

6,655

5,924

6,058

 
6,305

5,343

5,775

5,750

 
19
%
   Other diabetes1)
1,074

1,044

1,011

1,121

 
1,014

1,044

1,072

1,172

 
6
%
   Total diabetes
23,668

22,379

22,150

21,838

 
22,446

21,563

23,084

23,222

 
5
%
   Obesity (Saxenda®)
1,229

987

883

770

 
697

640

686

539

 
76
%
   Diabetes and obesity total
24,897

23,366

23,033

22,608

 
23,143

22,203

23,770

23,761

 
8
%
 
 
 


 





 


   Haemophilia
2,478

2,301

2,294

2,503

 
2,750

2,404

2,739

2,576

 
(10
%)
   Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
1,962

1,688

1,703

1,481

 
1,709

1,621

1,679

1,646

 
15
%
   Other biopharmaceuticals
395

407

377

338

 
390

386

450

469

 
1
%
   Biopharmaceuticals total
4,835

4,396

4,374

4,322

 
4,849

4,411

4,868

4,691

 
0
%
 
 
 


 





 


Sales by geographic segment:
 
 


 





 


   North America Operations
15,850

14,103

13,589

13,366

 
14,434

13,532

15,103

14,940

 
10
%
   - USA
15,182

13,476

12,952

12,878

 
13,879

12,967

14,583

14,402

 
9
%
   International Operations
13,882

13,659

13,818

13,564

 
13,558

13,082

13,535

13,512

 
2
%
   - Region Europe
5,594

5,392

5,460

5,233

 
5,418

5,190

5,355

5,226

 
3
%
   - Region AAMEO
2,993

3,067

3,194

2,899

 
3,068

2,929

3,057

2,964

 
(2
%)
   - Region China
2,712

2,793

2,751

3,029

 
2,510

2,531

2,608

3,060

 
8
%
   - Region Japan & Korea
1,610

1,446

1,484

1,257

 
1,570

1,462

1,573

1,467

 
3
%
   - Region Latin America
973

961

929

1,146

 
992

970

942

795

 
(2
%)
 
 
 


 





 


Segment operating profit:
 
 


 





 


   Diabetes and obesity
8,153

9,995

9,760

9,934

 
7,689

9,298

10,735

10,631

 
6
%
   Biopharmaceuticals
2,630

1,818

2,444

2,514

 
2,358

2,746

2,651

2,859

 
12
%
1) Comparative figures have been restated as sales of bulk insulin are now disclosed as part of other diabetes.


Financial
Performance
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Corporate governance
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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 27 of 36


APPENDIX 2: INCOME STATEMENT AND STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

 
2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
111,831

 
111,696

Cost of goods sold
17,617

 
17,632

 


 


 


 


Gross profit
94,214

 
94,064

 

 

Sales and distribution costs
29,397

 
28,340

Research and development costs
14,805

 
14,014

Administrative costs
3,916

 
3,784

Other operating income, net
1,152

 
1,041

 


 


 


 


Operating profit
47,248

 
48,967

 

 

Financial income
2,122

 
1,246

Financial expenses
1,755

 
1,533

 


 


 


 


Profit before income taxes
47,615

 
48,680

 


 


Income taxes
8,987

 
10,550

 


 


 


 


NET PROFIT
38,628

 
38,130

 


 


 

 

Basic earnings per share (DKK)
15.96

 
15.42

Diluted earnings per share (DKK)
15.93

 
15.39

 

 

Segment Information

 

 

 

 

 

Segment sales:

 

   Diabetes and obesity
93,904

 
92,877

   Biopharmaceuticals
17,927

 
18,819

 

 

Segment operating profit:

 

   Diabetes and obesity
37,842

 
38,353

    Operating margin
40.3
%
 
41.3
%
 

 

   Biopharmaceuticals
9,406

 
10,614

    Operating margin
52.5
%
 
56.4
%
 

 

Total segment operating profit
47,248

 
48,967

 


 


 

 

Statement of comprehensive income

 

 

 

Net profit for the year
38,628

 
38,130

 

 

    Other comprehensive income

 

    Items that will not subsequently be reclassified to the Income
    statement

 

    Remeasurements on defined benefit plans
87

 
103

 

 

    Items that will be reclassified subsequently to the Income
    statement

 

    Exchange rate adjustments of investments in subsidiaries
491

 
(632
)
    Cash flow hedges, realisation of previously deferred (gains)/losses
(2,027
)
 
1,955

    Cash flow hedges, deferred gains/(losses) incurred during the period
(1,677
)
 
1,987

    Other items
(27
)
 
(577
)
    Tax on other comprehensive income, income/(expense)
755

 
(1,041
)
 


 


  Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax
(2,398
)
 
1,795

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR
36,230

 
39,925

 
 
 
 

Financial
Performance
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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 28 of 36


APPENDIX 3: CASH FLOW STATEMENT
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

 
2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net profit
38,628

 
38,130

 

 

Adjustment for non-cash items:

 

    Income taxes in the Income Statement
8,987

 
10,550

    Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
3,925

 
3,182

    Other non-cash items
6,098

 
2,027

Change in working capital
(3,370
)
 
(3,634
)
Interest received
51

 
101

Interest paid
(89
)
 
(87
)
Income taxes paid
(9,614
)
 
(9,101
)
 


 


 


 


Net cash generated from operating activities
44,616

 
41,168

 


 


 

 

Purchase of intangible assets
(2,774
)
 
(1,022
)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
13

 
9

Purchase of property, plant and equipment
(9,636
)
 
(7,626
)
Proceeds from other financial assets
178

 
73

Purchase of other financial assets
(248
)
 
(40
)
Sale of marketable securities

 
2,009

Proceeds from the partial divestment of associated company

368

 

Dividend received from associated company
19

 
26

 


 


 


 


Net cash used in investing activities
(12,080
)
 
(6,571
)
 


 


 

 

Purchase of treasury shares
(15,567
)
 
(16,845
)
Dividends paid
(19,048
)
 
(18,844
)
Proceeds from borrowings, net
94

 

 


 


 


 


Net cash used in financing activities
(34,521
)
 
(35,689
)
 


 


 

 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM ACTIVITIES
(1,985
)
 
(1,092
)
 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
17,158

 
18,461

Reclassification of bank overdraft to liability from financing activity
412

 

Exchange gain/(loss) on cash and cash equivalents
44

 
(211
)
 


 


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
15,629

 
17,158

 
 
 
 


Financial
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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 29 of 36


APPENDIX 4: BALANCE SHEET
 
 
 
 
DKK million
31 Dec 2018

 
31 Dec 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible assets
5,145


3,325

Property, plant and equipment
41,891


35,247

Investment in associated company
531


784

Deferred income tax assets
2,893


1,941

Other financial assets
1,242


978

 


 


 


 


TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS
51,702


42,275

 



Inventories
16,336


15,373

Trade receivables
22,786


20,165

Tax receivables
1,013


958

Other receivables and prepayments
3,090


2,428

Derivative financial instruments
204


2,304

Cash at bank
15,638


18,852

 


 


TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
59,067


60,080

TOTAL ASSETS
110,769


102,355

 

 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

 

 

 

Share capital
490

 
500

Treasury shares
(11
)
 
(11
)
Retained earnings
53,406

 
48,977

Other reserves
(2,046
)
 
349

 


 


 


 


TOTAL EQUITY
51,839

 
49,815

 

 

Deferred income tax liabilities
118

 
846

Retirement benefit obligations
1,256

 
1,336

Provisions
3,392

 
3,302

 


 


 


 


Total non-current liabilities
4,766

 
5,484

 

 

Current debt
515

 
1,694

Trade payables
6,756

 
5,610

Tax payables
4,610

 
4,242

Other liabilities
14,098

 
14,446

Derivative financial instruments
2,024

 
309

Provisions
26,161

 
20,755

 


 


 


 


Total current liabilities
54,164

 
47,056

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES
58,930

 
52,540

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
110,769

 
102,355



Financial
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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 30 of 36


APPENDIX 5: EQUITY STATEMENT
 
 
 
 
Other reserves
 
DKK million
Share
capital

Treasury
shares

Retained
earnings

Exchange
rate
adjust-ments

Cash
flow
hedges

Tax and
other
adjust-ments

Total
other
reserves

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the year
500

(11
)
48,977

(1,556
)
2,027

(122
)
349

49,815

Change in accounting policy, IFRS 9 (net of tax)


(90
)


90

90


Net profit for the period


38,628





38,628

Other comprehensive income for the year


87

491

(3,704
)
728

(2,485
)
(2,398
)
 














 














Total comprehensive income for the year


38,625

491

(3,704
)
818

(2,395
)
36,230

 








Transactions with owners:








Dividends


(19,048
)




(19,048
)
Share-based payments


414





414

Tax related to restricted stock units


(5
)




(5
)
Purchase of treasury shares

(10
)
(15,557
)




(15,567
)
Reduction of the B share capital
(10
)
10







 









Balance at the end of the year
490

(11
)
53,406

(1,065
)
(1,677
)
696

(2,046
)
51,839

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the end of the year proposed final dividends (not yet declared) of DKK 12,309 million (5.15 DKK per share of DKK 0.20) are included in
Retained earnings. No dividend is declared on treasury shares.
 
 
 
 
Other reserves
 
DKK million
Share
capital

Treasury
shares

Retained
earnings

Exchange
rate
adjust-ments

Cash
flow
hedges

Tax and
other
adjust-ments

Total
other
reserves

Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at the beginning of the year
510

(9
)
46,111

(924
)
(1,915
)
1,496

(1,343
)
45,269

Net profit for the period


38,130





38,130

Other comprehensive income for the year


103

(632
)
3,942

(1,618
)
1,692

1,795

 














 














Total comprehensive income for the year


38,233

(632
)
3,942

(1,618
)
1,692

39,925

 








Transactions with owners:








Dividends


(18,844
)




(18,844
)
Share-based payments


292





292

Tax related to restricted stock units


18





18

Purchase of treasury shares

(12
)
(16,833
)




(16,845
)
Reduction of the B share capital
(10
)
10







 









Balance at the end of the year
500

(11
)
48,977

(1,556
)
2,027

(122
)
349

49,815

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the end of the year proposed final dividends of DKK 11,810 million (4.85 DKK per share of DKK 0.20) are included in Retained earnings. No
dividend is declared on treasury shares.

Financial
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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 31 of 36


APPENDIX 6: REGIONAL SALES SPLIT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Q4 2018 sales split per region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
Total

North America Operations

USA

Inter-national Operations

Region Europe

Region AAMEO

Region
China

Region Japan & Korea

Region Latin America

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The diabetes and obesity segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-acting insulin
5,456

3,447

3,362

2,009

1,120

294

195

220

180

 
% change in local currencies
(2
%)
(6
%)
(7
%)
7
%
15
%
(11
%)
17
%
(8
%)
9
%
 
 
Tresiba®
2,172

1,445

1,416

727

339

79

7

195

107

 
 
% change in local currencies
14
%
13
%
11
%
17
%
36
%
4
%
0
%
(5
%)
15
%
 
 
Xultophy®
452

162

162

290

275

7



8

 
 
% change in local currencies
68
%
45
%
45
%
84
%
73
%




 
 
Levemir®
2,832

1,840

1,784

992

506

208

188

25

65

 
 
% change in local currencies
(16
%)
(20
%)
(20
%)
(9
%)
(10
%)
(18
%)
13
%
(25
%)
(9
%)
 
Premix insulin
2,438

271

261

2,167

431

626

913

167

30

 
% change in local currencies
(6
%)
(42
%)
(43
%)
2
%
(7
%)
3
%
9
%
(13
%)
(8
%)
 
 
Ryzodeg®
199



199

16

72


102

9

 
 
% change in local currencies
24
%


24
%
88
%
21
%

23
%

 
 
NovoMix®
2,239

271

261

1,968

415

554

913

65

21

 
 
% change in local currencies
(8
%)
(42
%)
(43
%)
0
%
(9
%)
1
%
9
%
(41
%)
(11
%)
 
Fast-acting insulin
5,030

2,632

2,525

2,398

1,193

554

345

201

105

 
% change in local currencies
9
%
13
%
13
%
4
%
5
%
1
%
16
%
(19
%)
49
%
 
 
Fiasp®
206

85

78

121

121





 
 
% change in local currencies
312
%


165
%
165
%




 
 
NovoRapid®
4,824

2,547

2,447

2,277

1,072

554

345

201

105

 
 
% change in local currencies
5
%
9
%
10
%
1
%
(2
%)
1
%
16
%
(19
%)
49
%
 
Human insulin
2,178

432

396

1,746

396

508

677

47

118

 
% change in local currencies
(9
%)
(22
%)
(22
%)
(5
%)
(13
%)
17
%
(6
%)
(18
%)
(33
%)
 
Total insulin
15,102

6,782

6,544

8,320

3,140

1,982

2,130

635

433

 
% change in local currencies
0
%
(3
%)
(4
%)
2
%
4
%
3
%
5
%
(14
%)
(1
%)
 
Victoza®
6,500

4,919

4,785

1,581

943

179

133

174

152

 
% change in local currencies
1
%
0
%
0
%
7
%
3
%
(4
%)
37
%
7
%
22
%
 
Ozempic®
992

960

896

32

32





 
% change in local currencies









 
Total GLP-1
7,492

5,879

5,681

1,613

975

179

133

174

152

 
% change in local currencies
17
%
20
%
19
%
9
%
7
%
(4
%)
37
%
7
%
22
%
 
Other diabetes1)
1,074

252

210

822

147

175

388

94

18

 
% change in local currencies
7
%
(6
%)
(8
%)
11
%
(3
%)
0
%
25
%
3
%
34
%
 
Total diabetes
23,668

12,913

12,435

10,755

4,262

2,336

2,651

903

603

 
% change in local currencies
5
%
6
%
6
%
4
%
4
%
2
%
9
%
(9
%)
5
%
 
Obesity (Saxenda®)
1,229

833

772

396

62

97

1

103

133

 
% change in local currencies
78
%
63
%
67
%
117
%
72
%
35
%


82
%
 
Diabetes and obesity total
24,897

13,746

13,207

11,151

4,324

2,433

2,652

1,006

736

 
% change in local currencies
7
%
8
%
8
%
6
%
5
%
3
%
9
%
2
%
13
%
 
 
 


















The biopharmaceuticals segment


















 
Haemophilia
2,478

1,051

992

1,427

700

359

52

146

170

 
% change in local currencies
(10
%)
(19
%)
(22
%)
(3
%)
(3
%)
3
%
2
%
(25
%)
4
%
 
 
NovoSeven®
1,956

881

855

1,075

462

297

51

102

163

 
 
% change in local currencies
(20
%)
(26
%)
(27
%)
(14
%)
(19
%)
(10
%)
0
%
(29
%)
3
%
 
 
NovoEight®
396

90

85

306

208

57

1

33

7

 
 
% change in local currencies
45
%
28
%
22
%
51
%
51
%
253
%

(27
%)
23
%
 
Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
1,962

918

916

1,044

374

160

7

437

66

 
% change in local currencies
15
%
27
%
27
%
6
%
(4
%)
27
%
50
%
6
%
22
%
 
Other biopharmaceuticals
395

135

67

260

196

41

1

21

1

 
% change in local currencies
1
%
34
%
88
%
(10
%)
8
%
(50
%)
(100
%)
17
%
(50
%)
 
Biopharmaceuticals total
4,835

2,104

1,975

2,731

1,270

560

60

604

237

 
% change in local currencies
0
%
0
%
(2
%)
(1
%)
(2
%)
0
%
4
%
(3
%)
8
%
 
 
 


















Total sales
29,732

15,850

15,182

13,882

5,594

2,993

2,712

1,610

973

 
% change in local currencies
6
%
7
%
7
%
4
%
3
%
3
%
9
%
0
%
12
%
 
% change as reported
6
%
10
%
9
%
2
%
3
%
(2
%)
8
%
3
%
(2
%)
 
Share of growth
100
%
63
%
56
%
37
%
11
%
5
%
14
%
0
%
7
%
1) Primarily oral antidiabetic products, needles and GlucaGen® HypoKit®.





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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 32 of 36


APPENDIX 6: REGIONAL SALES SPLIT (CONTINUED)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018 sales split per region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
Total

North America Operations

USA

Inter-national Operations

Region Europe

Region AAMEO

Region
China

Region Japan & Korea

Region Latin America

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The diabetes and obesity segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-acting insulin
20,844

12,902

12,600

7,942

4,282

1,281

814

857

708

 
% change in local currencies
(2
%)
(9
%)
(9
%)
12
%
10
%
16
%
20
%
1
%
22
%
 
 
Tresiba®
8,035

5,271

5,192

2,764

1,246

337

16

751

414

 
 
% change in local currencies
15
%
11
%
9
%
24
%
30
%
38
%
0
%
4
%
32
%
 
 
Xultophy®
1,614

529

528

1,085

1,007

58



20

 
 
% change in local currencies
126
%
241
%
240
%
93
%
81
%




 
 
Levemir®
11,195

7,102

6,880

4,093

2,029

886

798

106

274

 
 
% change in local currencies
(17
%)
(23
%)
(23
%)
(4
%)
(14
%)
5
%
18
%
(19
%)
5
%
 
Premix insulin
10,194

1,332

1,294

8,862

1,701

2,606

3,783

650

122

 
% change in local currencies
0
%
(22
%)
(22
%)
4
%
(9
%)
9
%
9
%
(4
%)
8
%
 
 
Ryzodeg®
714



714

56

275


351

32

 
 
% change in local currencies
54
%


54
%
119
%
68
%

43
%
13
%
 
 
NovoMix®
9,480

1,332

1,294

8,148

1,645

2,331

3,783

299

90

 
 
% change in local currencies
(3
%)
(22
%)
(22
%)
1
%
(11
%)
5
%
9
%
(31
%)
6
%
 
Fast-acting insulin
19,353

10,021

9,634

9,332

4,558

2,194

1,450

779

351

 
% change in local currencies
1
%
(4
%)
(5
%)
7
%
5
%
10
%
18
%
(15
%)
38
%
 
 
Fiasp®
590

233

211

357

357





 
 
% change in local currencies
507
%


293
%
293
%




 
 
NovoRapid®
18,763

9,788

9,423

8,975

4,201

2,194

1,450

779

351

 
 
% change in local currencies
(2
%)
(7
%)
(7
%)
4
%
(1
%)
10
%
18
%
(15
%)
38
%
 
Human insulin
9,265

1,917

1,778

7,348

1,580

2,065

2,821

187

695

 
% change in local currencies
(1
%)
3
%
5
%
(3
%)
(11
%)
14
%
(7
%)
(17
%)
(4
%)
 
Total insulin
59,656

26,172

25,306

33,484

12,121

8,146

8,868

2,473

1,876

 
% change in local currencies
(1
%)
(7
%)
(7
%)
5
%
2
%
11
%
6
%
(7
%)
13
%
 
Victoza®
24,333

18,093

17,561

6,240

3,720

841

521

614

544

 
% change in local currencies
9
%
8
%
8
%
13
%
8
%
6
%
73
%
7
%
27
%
 
Ozempic®
1,796

1,757

1,634

39

39





 
% change in local currencies









 
Total GLP-1
26,129

19,850

19,195

6,279

3,759

841

521

614

544

 
% change in local currencies
18
%
19
%
19
%
14
%
9
%
6
%
73
%
7
%
27
%
 
Other diabetes1)
4,250

890

733

3,360

579

675

1,672

368

66

 
% change in local currencies
3
%
(1
%)
(2
%)
4
%
(4
%)
(3
%)
10
%
1
%
37
%
 
Total diabetes
90,035

46,912

45,234

43,123

16,459

9,662

11,061

3,455

2,486

 
% change in local currencies
4
%
2
%
2
%
6
%
3
%
10
%
8
%
(4
%)
16
%
 
Obesity (Saxenda®)
3,869

2,658

2,446

1,211

207

418

1

175

410

 
% change in local currencies
60
%
39
%
40
%
131
%
104
%
136
%


73
%
 
Diabetes and obesity total
93,904

49,570

47,680

44,334

16,666

10,080

11,062

3,630

2,896

 
% change in local currencies
6
%
4
%
4
%
8
%
4
%
12
%
8
%
1
%
22
%
 
 
 


















The biopharmaceuticals segment


















 
Haemophilia
9,576

4,004

3,723

5,572

2,781

1,177

199

557

858

 
% change in local currencies
(5
%)
(17
%)
(20
%)
6
%
(1
%)
9
%
(4
%)
(16
%)
70
%
 
 
NovoSeven®
7,881

3,457

3,278

4,424

1,944

1,049

194

400

837

 
 
% change in local currencies
(11
%)
(22
%)
(23
%)
0
%
(13
%)
3
%
(6
%)
(18
%)
71
%
 
 
NovoEight®
1,354

308

291

1,046

776

109

5

135

21

 
 
% change in local currencies
26
%
2
%
(3
%)
35
%
41
%
125
%
400
%
(18
%)
62
%
 
Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
6,834

2,834

2,823

4,000

1,511

680

20

1,538

251

 
% change in local currencies
7
%
16
%
16
%
2
%
(4
%)
11
%
33
%
0
%
19
%
 
Other biopharmaceuticals
1,517

500

262

1,017

721

216

4

72

4

 
% change in local currencies
(8
%)
(10
%)
(22
%)
(6
%)
1
%
(16
%)
(20
%)
(29
%)
33
%
 
Biopharmaceuticals total
17,927

7,338

6,808

10,589

5,013

2,073

223

2,167

1,113

 
% change in local currencies
(1
%)
(6
%)
(8
%)
3
%
(2
%)
6
%
(2
%)
(6
%)
54
%
 
 
 


















Total sales
111,831

56,908

54,488

54,923

21,679

12,153

11,285

5,797

4,009

 
% change in local currencies
5
%
3
%
2
%
7
%
3
%
11
%
8
%
(2
%)
29
%
 
% change as reported
0
%
(2
%)
(2
%)
2
%
2
%
1
%
5
%
(5
%)
8
%
 
Share of growth
100
%
29
%
22
%
71
%
11
%
26
%
16
%
(2
%)
20
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Primarily oral antidiabetic products, needles and GlucaGen® HypoKit®.

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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 33 of 36


APPENDIX 7: KEY CURRENCY ASSUMPTIONS
FX
Q4 2018

Q4 2017

% change

FY 2018

FY 2017

% change

Spot rate 28 Jan 2019

USD
654

632

3
%
631

660

(4
%)
654

CNY
94

96

(1
%)
95

98

(3
%)
97

JPY
5.79

5.60

3
%
5.72

5.88

(3
%)
5.97

GBP
842

839

0
%
842

849

(1
%)
860

CAD
496

498

0
%
487

508

(4
%)
494



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
APPENDIX 8: NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN 2018

As of 1 January 2018 Novo Nordisk applies, for the first time, IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ and IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’. The effect of the implementation is disclosed below.

The impact of the implementation of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 has been immaterial in relation to recognition and measurement.

Effect from IFRS 9
The implementation of IFRS 9 'Financial instruments' that replaces IAS 39 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement', has had the effect that the changes to the fair value of minor shareholdings are now, on an investment-by-investment basis, either recognised in the income statement or other comprehensive income. For the current minor shareholdings all changes in the fair value are recognised in the income statement. Previously fair value changes were recognised in other comprehensive income.

As a result of changed accounting practice relating to minor shareholdings, DKK 90 million is moved from other reserves to retained earnings within equity as an adjustment to opening equity 1 January 2018.

Furthermore, hedge accounting is applied for the time value of currency options. Novo Nordisk has implemented these changes using the prospective approach.

Effect from IFRS 15
The group has implemented IFRS 15 'Revenue from Contracts with Customers' using the modified retrospective approach. IFRS 15 replaces the current standards on revenue (IAS 11 'Construction Contracts' and IAS 18 'Revenue').

There is no significant effect on the financial statements.



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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 34 of 36


APPENDIX 9: QUARTERLY NUMBERS IN USD (ADDITIONAL INFORMATION)
Key figures are translated into USD as additional information - the translation is based on the average exchange rate for income statement and the exchange rate at the balance sheet date for balance sheet items. The specified percent changes in DKK are based on the changes in the 'Quarterly numbers in DKK', see appendix 1. The specified percentage change in USD is calculated as a development in USD numbers in this appendix.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in USD million, except number of full-time equivalent employees, earnings per share and number of shares outstanding).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
% change

 
% change

 
2018
 
2017
 
Q4 2018 vs.

 
Q4 2018 vs.

 
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
 
Q4 2017 in USD

 
Q4 2017 in DKK

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
4,552

4,328

4,384

4,446

 
4,418

4,198

4,230

4,073

 
3
%
 
6
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Gross profit
3,840

3,639

3,688

3,753

 
3,678

3,526

3,579

3,465

 
4
%
 
8
%
Gross margin
84.4%
84.1
%
84.1
%
84.4
%
 
83.2%
83.9
%
84.6
%
85.1
%
 


 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Sales and distribution costs
1,343

1,111

1,136

1,065

 
1,299

1,023

999

972

 
3
%
 
5
%
Percentage of sales
29.4%
25.7
%
25.9
%
24.0
%
 
29.6%
24.4
%
23.6
%
23.9
%
 


 

Research and development costs
700

570

527

548

 
625

523

504

471

 
12
%
 
14
%
Percentage of sales
15.3%
13.1
%
12.0
%
12.3
%
 
14.2%
12.5
%
11.9
%
11.6
%
 


 

Administrative costs
196

145

136

143

 
175

141

126

131

 
12
%
 
14
%
Percentage of sales
4.3
%
3.4
%
3.1
%
3.2
%
 
4.0
%
3.4
%
3.0
%
3.2
%
 


 

Other operating income, net
37

25

62

58

 
25

65

28

40

 
48
%
 
62
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Operating profit
1,638

1,838

1,951

2,055

 
1,604

1,904

1,978

1,931

 
2
%
 
7
%
Operating margin
36.3%
42.6
%
44.5
%
46.2
%
 
35.9%
45.3
%
46.7
%
47.4
%
 


 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Financial income
(10
)
(18
)
166

198

 
29

61

62

37

 
N/A

 
N/A

Financial expenses
57

94

121

6

 
(49
)
3

172

106

 
N/A

 
N/A

Financial items (net)
(67
)
(112
)
45

192

 
78

58

(110
)
(69
)
 
N/A

 
N/A

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Profit before income taxes
1,571

1,726

1,996

2,247

 
1,682

1,962

1,868

1,862

 
(7
%)
 
(2
%)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Income taxes
283

325

343

472

 
368

424

398

408

 
(23
%)
 
(19
%)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Net profit
1,288

1,401

1,653

1,775

 
1,314

1,538

1,470

1,454

 
(2
%)
 
3
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses
256

122

123

121

 
142

112

127

101

 
80
%
 
81
%
Capital expenditure (net)
512

363

252

381

 
473

327

285

230

 
8
%
 
9
%
Net cash generated from operating activities
1,102

1,805

2,538

1,620

 
988

2,017

1,499

1,732

 
12
%
 
23
%
Free cash flow
468

1,358

2,131

1,195

 
497

1,706

1,244

1,489

 
(6
%)
 
16
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Total assets
16,986

15,828

16,143

15,577

 
16,491

15,540

15,004

13,532

 
3
%
 
8
%
Total equity
7,949

7,380

7,674

7,365

 
8,026

7,452

7,429

5,789

 
(1
%)
 
4
%
Equity ratio
46.8%
46.6
%
47.5
%
47.3
%
 
48.7%
48.0
%
49.5
%
42.8
%
 


 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Full-time equivalent employees end of period
42,672

43,161

43,105

42,688

 
42,076

41,656

41,385

41,636

 
1
%
 
1
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Basic earnings per share/ADR (in USD)
0.54

0.58

0.68

0.73

 
0.54

0.62

0.60

0.58

 
0
%
 
5
%
Diluted earnings per share/ADR (in USD)
0.53

0.58

0.68

0.73

 
0.53

0.63

0.59

0.58

 
0
%
 
5
%
Average number of shares outstanding (million)
2,401.2

2,414.1

2,425.8

2,437.3

 
2,451.2

2,465.6

2,480.2

2,495.8

 
(2
%)
 
(2
%)
Average number of diluted shares

 


 
 
 
 
 
 


 

outstanding (million)
2,406.1

2,419.2

2,430.9

2,442.3

 
2,456.1

2,469.4

2,484.1

2,500.0

 
(2
%)
 
(2
%)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Sales by business segment:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

   Long-acting insulin
836

804

857

805

 
868

806

883

802

 
(4
%)
 
(1
%)
   Premix insulin
371

393

414

436

 
414

405

399

410

 
(10
%)
 
(7
%)
   Fast-acting insulin
769

717

790

789

 
732

800

755

761

 
5
%
 
9
%
   Human insulin1)
331

372

373

391

 
378

382

363

360

 
(12
%)
 
(9
%)
   Total insulin
2,307

2,286

2,434

2,421

 
2,392

2,393

2,400

2,333

 
(4
%)
 
0
%
   Total GLP-1
1,152

1,039

947

1,000

 
991

843

853

823

 
16
%
 
19
%
   Other diabetes1)
164

163

161

185

 
161

165

158

168

 
2
%
 
6
%
   Total diabetes
3,623

3,488

3,542

3,606

 
3,544

3,401

3,411

3,324

 
2
%
 
5
%
   Obesity (Saxenda®)
190

154

142

127

 
109

101

101

77

 
74
%
 
76
%
   Diabetes and obesity total
3,813

3,642

3,684

3,733

 
3,653

3,502

3,512

3,401

 
4
%
 
8
%
 

 


 
 
 
 
 
 


 

   Haemophilia
378

358

367

413

 
434

380

403

369

 
(13
%)
 
(10
%)
   Growth disorders (Norditropin®)
301

264

273

244

 
269

255

248

236

 
12
%
 
15
%
   Other biopharmaceuticals
60

64

60

56

 
62

61

67

67

 
(3
%)
 
1
%
   Biopharmaceuticals total
739

686

700

713

 
765

696

718

672

 
(3
%)
 
0
%
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Sales by geographic segment:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

   North America Operations
2,432

2,200

2,174

2,206

 
2,279

2,139

2,230

2,139

 
7
%
 
10
%
   - USA
2,329

2,102

2,072

2,126

 
2,191

2,050

2,154

2,062

 
6
%
 
9
%
   International Operations
2,120

2,128

2,210

2,240

 
2,139

2,059

2,000

1,934

 
(1
%)
 
2
%
   - Region Europe
855

839

875

864

 
855

816

791

748

 
0
%
 
3
%
   - Region AAMEO
457

478

511

479

 
483

461

452

424

 
(5
%)
 
(2
%)
   - Region China
413

435

439

500

 
397

401

386

438

 
4
%
 
8
%
   - Region Japan & Korea
247

226

237

208

 
248

230

232

210

 
0
%
 
3
%
   - Region Latin America
148

150

148

189

 
156

151

139

114

 
(5
%)
 
(2
%)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

Segment operating profit:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 

   Diabetes and obesity
1,234

1,558

1,560

1,640

 
1,229

1,472

1,586

1,522

 
0
%
 
6
%
   Biopharmaceuticals
404

280

391

415

 
375

432

392

409

 
8
%
 
12
%
1) Comparative figures have been restated as sales of bulk insulin are now disclosed as part of other diabetes.


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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 35 of 36


APPENDIX 10: NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES (ADDITIONAL INFORMATION)
In this Company Announcement, Novo Nordisk discloses certain financial measures of the Group’s financial performance, financial position and cash flows that reflect adjustments to the directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS. These non-IFRS financial measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner and may thus not be comparable with such measures.

The non-IFRS financial measures presented in the Company Announcement are:
Sales and operating profit in local currencies
Free cash flow
Cash to earnings
Operating profit after tax on net operating assets

Sales and operating profit growth in local currencies
'Growth in local currencies’ means that the effect of changes in exchange rates is excluded. It is defined as sales/operating profit for the period measured at the average exchange rates for the same period prior year compared with Net sales/Operating profit for the same period prior year. Price adjustments within hyperinflation countries as defined in IAS 29 ‘Financial reporting in hyperinflation economies’ are excluded from the calculation to avoid that growth in local currencies is artificially inflated.

Growth in local currencies is considered to be relevant information for investors in order to understand the underlying development in sales and operating profit by adjusting for the impact of currency fluctuations.

Sales in local currencies
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

2017

 
 
 
Net sales
111,831

111,696

Effect of exchange rates
5,043

2,609

Sales in local currencies
116,874

114,305

Net sales in same period previous year
111,696

111,780

% increase/(decrease) in local currencies
5
%
2
%
% increase/(decrease) in reported currencies
0
%
0
%
 
 
 
Operating profit in local currencies
 
 
 


DKK million
2018

2017

 


Operating profit
47,248

48,967

Effect of exchange rates
3,098

1,770

Operating profit in local currencies
50,346

50,737

Operating profit in same period previous year
48,967

48,432

% increase/(decrease) in local currencies
3
%
5
%
% increase/(decrease) in reported currencies
(4
%)
1
%

Free cash flow
Novo Nordisk defines free cash flow as ’net cash generated from operating activities’ less ‘net cash used in investing activities’ excluding net change of marketable securities. Free cash flow is a measure of the amount of cash generated in the period which is available for the Board to allocate between Novo Nordisk's capital providers, through e.g. dividends, share repurchases and repayment of debt (excl. lease liability repayments) or for retaining in the business to fund future growth.

With IFRS 16 'Leases' becoming effective 1 January 2019, lease payments will transfer from 'net cash flow from operating activities' to 'cash flow from financing activities' (excluding interest expense). Effective from 1 January 2019, the definition of free cash flow will be amended to also deduct the principal repayment on lease liabilities. Accordingly the implementation of IFRS 16 will have a neutral impact on free cash flow. The free cash flow outlook guidance for 2019 (p. 13) is calculated on the amended definition of free cash flow.


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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



Financial report for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018

Page 36 of 36



APPENDIX 10: NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES (ADDITIONAL INFORMATION) (CONTINUED)
The following table shows a reconciliation of Free cash flow with Net cash generated from operating activities, the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure:
Free cash flow
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

2017

 
 
 
Net cash generated from operating activities
44,616

41,168

Net cash used in investing activities
(12,080
)
(6,571
)
Net purchase of marketable securities

(2,009
)
Free cash flow
32,536

32,588


Cash to earnings
Cash to earnings is defined as 'free cash flow as a percentage of net profit'. Management believes that Cash to earnings is an important performance metric because it measures the Group’s ability to turn earnings into cash. Hence it is considered a meaningful measure for investors to understand the development of the Group’s net cash generated from operating and investing activities. Since Management wants this measure to capture the ability of the Group’s operations to generate cash, free cash flow is used as the numerator instead of net cash flow.
  
Cash to earnings
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

2017

 
 
 
Free cash flow
32,536

32,588

/ Net profit
38,628

38,130

Cash to earnings
84.2
%
85.5
%

Operating profit after tax to net operating assets
Operating profit after tax to net operating assets is defined as ‘operating profit after tax (using the effective tax rate) as a percentage of average inventories, receivables, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and deferred tax assets less non-interest-bearing liabilities including provisions and deferred tax liabilities (where average is the sum of the above assets and liabilities at the beginning of the year and at year-end divided by two)’.
 
Management believes Operating profit after tax to net operating assets is a useful measure in providing investors and Management with information regarding the Group’s performance. The calculation of the financial target 'Operating profit after tax to net operating assets' is a widely accepted measure of earnings efficiency in relation to total capital employed.

Operating profit after tax to net operating assets
 
 
 
 
 
DKK million
2018

2017

 
 
 
Operating profit after tax
38,318

38,341

/ Average net operating assets
32,832

26,776

Operating profit after tax to net operating profit
116.7
%
143.2
%





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Company announcement No 6 / 2019



SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf of the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 1, 2019
Novo Nordisk A/S

Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen
Chief Executive Officer