Edgar Filing: SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO/VA/

Covenant Requirement

Total Leverage Ratio

3.75 or Lower

Debt Service Coverage Ratio

2.00 or Higher

Minimum Liquidity Balance (in thousands)

$25 million or Higher

Document

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



	For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



	For the transition period from__________ to __________

Commission File No.: 000-09881

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



VIRGINIA		54-1162807
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Shentel Way, Edinburg, Virginia 22824

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(540) 984-4141

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company☐	Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on August 1, 2018 was 49,558,696.

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY

INDEX



		Page Numbers
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	5

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	6

	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7	-	23

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24	-	45

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	46

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48

Item 6.	Exhibits	49

	Signatures	51

Index



SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	65,569	$	78,585
Accounts receivable, net	58,614		54,184
Income taxes receivable	589		17,311
Inventory, net	6,207		5,704
Prepaid expenses and other	64,163		17,111
Total current assets	195,142		172,895
Investments, including $3,336 and $3,279 carried at fair value	11,949		11,472
Property, plant and equipment, net	668,339		686,327
Other Assets:
Intangible assets, net	396,908		380,979
Goodwill	146,497		146,497
Deferred charges and other assets, net	34,021		13,690
Total assets	$	1,452,856	$	1,411,860
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of unamortized loan fees	$	84,631	$	64,397
Accounts payable	22,674		28,953
Advanced billings and customer deposits	6,668		21,153
Accrued compensation	6,738		9,167
Accrued liabilities and other	18,086		13,914
Total current liabilities	138,797		137,584
Long-term debt, less current maturities, net of unamortized loan fees	715,265		757,561
Other Long-Term Liabilities:
Deferred income taxes	111,125		100,879
Deferred lease	19,309		15,782
Asset retirement obligations	21,867		21,211
Retirement plan obligations	13,223		13,328
Other liabilities	15,080		15,293
Total other long-term liabilities	180,604		166,493
Shareholders’ Equity:
Common stock, no par value, authorized 96,000 shares; issued and outstanding 49,558 shares in 2018 and 49,328 shares in 2017.	—		—
Additional paid in capital	46,172		44,787
Retained earnings	359,893		297,205
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	12,125		8,230
Total shareholders’ equity	418,190		350,222
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,452,856	$	1,411,860

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Index



SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Operating revenues:	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service revenues and other	$	138,021		$	150,308		$	272,174		$	300,829
Equipment revenues	16,009			2,950			33,588			6,309
Total operating revenues	154,030			153,258			305,762			307,138
Operating expenses:
Cost of services	49,134			48,416			98,476			97,193
Cost of goods sold	15,166			4,965			30,971			9,949
Selling, general and administrative	29,915			43,022			58,665			83,175
Acquisition, integration and migration expenses	—			3,678			—			8,167
Depreciation and amortization	41,117			44,925			84,604			89,729
Total operating expenses	135,332			145,006			272,716			288,213
Operating income (loss)	18,698			8,252			33,046			18,925
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(8,851		)	(9,389		)	(18,183		)	(18,489		)
Gain (loss) on investments, net	56			73			24			193
Non-operating income (loss), net	783			1,224			1,804			2,479
Income (loss) before income taxes	10,686			160			16,691			3,108
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,862			240			4,038			847
Net income (loss)	7,824			(80		)	12,653			2,261
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate hedge, net of tax	833			(1,375		)	3,895			(776		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	8,657		$	(1,455	)	$	16,548		$	1,485

Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.16		$	—		$	0.26		$	0.05
Diluted	$	0.16		$	—		$	0.25		$	0.05
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic	49,547			49,115			49,511			49,083
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted	50,070			49,115			50,029			49,850

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Index



SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except per amounts)
	Shares of Common Stock (no par value)		Additional Paid in Capital			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance, December 31, 2017	49,328		$	44,787		$	297,205	$	8,230	$	350,222
Change in accounting principle - adoption of accounting standard (Note 2)	—		—			50,035		—		50,035
Net Income (loss)	—		—			12,653		—		12,653
Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of tax of $1.4 million	—		—			—		3,895		3,895
Stock based compensation	205		3,407			—		—		3,407
Stock options exercised	15		104			—		—		104
Common stock issued	—		10			—		—		10
Shares retired for settlement of employee taxes upon issuance of vested equity awards	(66	)	(2,136		)	—		—		(2,136		)
Common stock issued to acquire non-controlling interest in nTelos	76		—			—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2018	49,558		$	46,172		$	359,893	$	12,125	$	418,190

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Index



SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income (loss)	$	12,653		$	2,261
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	71,637			76,695
Amortization reflected as operating expense	12,967			12,950
Amortization reflected as rent expense in cost of services	175			593
Bad debt expense	758			886
Stock based compensation expense, net of amount capitalized	3,407			2,418
Waived management fee	18,606			18,107
Deferred income taxes	(9,325		)	(11,954		)
(Gain) loss on investments	(24		)	(187		)
Net (gain) loss from patronage and equity investments	(1,552		)	(1,447		)
Amortization of long-term debt issuance costs	2,365			2,385
Accrued interest and other	101			854
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(11,060		)	5,196
Inventory, net	(503		)	25,049
Income taxes receivable	16,722			(1,908		)
Other assets	3,909			(126		)
Accounts payable	2,486			(40,558		)
Income taxes payable	—			(435		)
Deferred lease	1,353			2,493
Other deferrals and accruals	2,469			(6,478		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	127,144			86,794

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(62,322		)	(68,766		)
Proceeds from sale of assets	447			269
Cash distributions (contributions) from investments and other	(3		)	7
Sprint expansion	(52,000		)	(6,000		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(113,878		)	(74,490		)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Principal payments on long-term debt	(24,250		)	(12,125		)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility borrowings	15,000			—
Proceeds from credit facility borrowings	—			25,000
Principal payments on revolving credit facility	(15,000		)	—
Taxes paid for equity award issuances	(2,032		)	(1,598		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(26,282		)	11,277
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(13,016		)	23,581
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	78,585			36,193
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	65,569		$	59,774

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for:
Interest, net of capitalized interest of $737 and $1,035, respectively	$	16,902		$	17,085
Income tax refunds received, net of taxes paid	$	(3,359	)	$	15,150
Capital expenditures payable	$	6,324		$	4,567

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Index

SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Shenandoah Telecommunications Company and Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the interim results have been reflected therein in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial reporting and as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements may not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. The information contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Adoption of New Accounting Principles

There have been no developments related to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and note disclosures, from those disclosed in the Company's 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, that would be expected to impact the Company except for the topics discussed below.

The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606", or "the new revenue recognition standard"), and all related amendments, effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method as discussed in Note 2, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue recognition standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been retrospectively modified and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. The standard also requires disclosures by lessees and lessors about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, as well as changes in the categorization of rental costs, from rent expense to interest and depreciation expense. Other effects may occur depending on the types of leases and the specific terms of them utilized by particular lessees. The ASU is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and early application is permitted. Modified retrospective application is required. In September 2017 and January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, which included Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842), and ASU No. 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842), Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, and provided additional implementation guidance on ASU 2016-02. The Company has not yet completed its assessment of the impact of the new standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company is in the early stages of implementation and currently believes that the most notable impact to its financial statements upon the adoption of this ASU will be the recognition of a material right-of-use asset and a lease liability for its real estate and equipment leases. The Company is continuing to assess potential impacts that the standard may have on current accounting policies and procedures, and is implementing a new lease management system to assist in the application of the new standard.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption in any period is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2018-02.

Index

Note 2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company earns revenue primarily through the sale of our wireless telecommunications services, wireless equipment, and business, residential, and enterprise cable and wireline services that include video, internet, voice, and data services. Revenue earned for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was as follows:



(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable			Wireline			Consolidated
Wireless service	$	93,219		$	—		$	—		$	93,219
Wireless equipment	15,819			—			—			15,819
Business, residential and enterprise	—			29,466			10,513			39,979
Tower and other	3,244			2,645			8,599			14,488
Total revenue	112,282			32,111			19,112			163,505
Internal revenues	(1,244		)	(1,097		)	(7,134		)	(9,475		)
Total operating revenue	$	111,038		$	31,014		$	11,978		$	154,030

Revenues earned for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was as follows:



(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable			Wireline			Consolidated
Wireless service	$	182,978		$	—		$	—		$	182,978
Wireless equipment	33,193			—			—			33,193
Business, residential and enterprise	—			58,597			21,204			79,801
Tower and other	6,509			5,225			17,615			29,349
Total revenue	222,680			63,822			38,819			325,321
Internal revenues	(2,483		)	(2,128		)	(14,948		)	(19,559		)
Total operating revenue	$	220,197		$	61,694		$	23,871		$	305,762

Wireless service

The majority of the Company's revenue is earned through providing network access to Sprint under the affiliate agreement, which represents approximately 61% of consolidated revenues. Wireless service revenue is variable based on billed revenues to Sprint’s subscribers in the Company's affiliate area, less applicable fees retained by Sprint.

The Company's revenue related to Sprint’s postpaid customers is the amount that Sprint bills its postpaid subscribers, reduced by customer credits, write-offs of receivables, and 8% management and 8.6% service fees. The Company is also charged for the costs of subsidized handsets sold through Sprint’s national channels as well as commissions paid by Sprint to third-party resellers in the Company's service territory.

The Company's revenue related to Sprint’s prepaid customers is the amount Sprint bills its prepaid subscribers, reduced by costs to acquire and support the customer, based on national averages for Sprint’s prepaid programs, and a 6% management fee.

The Company considers Sprint, rather than Sprint's subscribers, to be the customer under the new revenue recognition standard and the Company's performance obligation is to provide Sprint a series of continuous network access services. The reimbursement to Sprint for the costs of handsets sold through Sprint’s national channels, as well as commissions paid by Sprint to third-party resellers in our service territory represent consideration payable to a customer that is not in exchange for a distinct service under Topic 606. Therefore, these reimbursements result in increases to our contract asset position that are subsequently recognized as a reduction of revenue over the average subscriber life of approximately two years which is the period the Company expects those payments to result in increased revenues. Historically, under ASC 605 the customer was considered the subscriber rather than Sprint and as a result, reimbursement payments to Sprint for costs of handsets and commissions were recorded as operating expenses in the period incurred. During 2017, these costs totaled $63.5 million recorded in cost of goods and services, and $16.9 million recorded in selling, general and administrative costs.

On January 1, 2018, upon adoption, the Company recorded a wireless contract asset of approximately $42.8 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, payments that increased the wireless contract asset balance totaled $14.6 million and amortization reflected as a reduction of revenue totaled approximately $13.7 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, payments that increased the wireless contract asset balance totaled $28.4 million and amortization reflected as a reduction of revenue totaled approximately $27.1 million. The wireless contract asset balance as of June 30, 2018 was approximately $44.1 million.

Index

Wireless equipment

The Company owns and operates Sprint-branded retail stores within their geographic territory from which the Company sells equipment, primarily wireless handsets, and service to Sprint subscribers. The Company's equipment is generally sold to subscribers under subsidized plans or to Sprint under equipment financing plans. Under the equipment financing plans, Sprint purchases the equipment from the Company and resells the equipment to their subscribers. Historically, under ASC 605, the Company concluded that it was the agent in these equipment financing transactions and recorded revenues net of related handset costs which were approximately $63.8 million in 2017. Under Topic 606 the Company concluded that it is the principal in these equipment financing transactions, as the Company controls and bears the risk of ownership of the inventory prior to sale, and accordingly revenues and handset costs are recorded on a gross basis, the corresponding cost of the equipment is recorded separately to cost of goods sold.

Business, residential and enterprise

The Company earns revenue in the cable and wireline segments from business, residential, and enterprise customers where the performance obligations are to provide cable and telephone network services, sell and lease equipment and wiring services, and lease fiber-optic cable capacity. The Company's arrangements are generally composed of contracts that are cancellable at the customer’s discretion without penalty at any time. As there are multiple performance obligations in these arrangements, the Company recognizes revenue based on the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service. The Company generally recognizes these revenues over time as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the service, with the exception of equipment sales and home wiring which are recognized as revenue at a point in time when control transfers and when installation is complete, respectively.

Under the new revenue recognition standard, the Company concluded that installation services do not represent a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, installation fees are allocated to services and are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract term or the period the unrecognized portion of the fee remains material to the contract, typically 10 and 11 months for cable and wireline customers, respectively. Historically, the Company deferred these fees over the estimated customer life of 42 months. Additionally, the Company incurs commission and installation costs related to in-house and third-party vendors that were previously expensed as incurred. Under Topic 606, the Company capitalizes and amortizes these commission and installation costs over the expected benefit period which is approximately 44 months, 72 months, and 46 months, for cable, wireline, and enterprise business, respectively.

Tower / Other

Tower revenues consist primarily of tower space leases accounted for under Topic 840, Leases, and Other revenues include network access-related charges for service provided to customers across the segments.

Index

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard were as follows:



(in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to Topic 606			Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other	$	17,111	$	36,577		$	53,688
Deferred charges and other assets, net	13,690		16,107			29,797
Liabilities
Advanced billing and customer deposits	21,153		(14,302		)	6,851
Deferred income taxes	100,879		18,151			119,030
Other long-term liabilities	15,293		(1,200		)	14,093
Retained earnings	297,205		50,035			347,240

The impact of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated income statement and balance sheet was as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Operating revenues:
Service revenues and other	$	138,021	$	156,267	$	(18,246	)
Equipment revenues	16,009		1,799		14,210
Operating expenses:
Cost of services	49,134		48,999		135
Cost of goods sold	15,166		6,328		8,838
Selling, general and administrative	29,915		45,579		(15,664		)



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Operating revenues:
Service revenues and other	$	272,174	$	310,079	$	(37,905	)
Equipment revenues	33,588		3,858		29,730
Operating expenses:
Cost of services	98,476		98,198		278
Cost of goods sold	30,971		12,446		18,525
Selling, general and administrative	58,665		88,547		(29,882		)

Index



	As of June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported		Balances without Adoption of Topic 606		Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other	$	64,163	$	26,215	$	37,948
Deferred charges and other assets, net	34,021		18,094		15,927
Liabilities
Advanced billing and customer deposits	6,668		22,704		(16,036		)
Deferred income taxes	111,125		92,190		18,935
Other long-term liabilities	15,080		16,259		(1,179		)
Retained earnings	359,893		307,738		52,155

Future performance obligations

On June 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $3.1 million of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations, which is exclusive of contracts with original expected duration of one year or less. The Company expects to recognize approximately $0.4 million of this amount as revenue during the remainder of 2018, $0.6 million in 2019, an additional $0.6 million by 2020, and the balance thereafter.

Contract acquisition costs and costs to fulfill contracts

Capitalized contract costs represent contract fulfillment costs and contract acquisition costs which include commissions and installation costs in our cable and wireline segments. Capitalized contract costs are amortized on a straight line basis over the contract term plus expected renewals. The Company applies the practical expedient to expense contract acquisition costs when incurred if the amortization period would be twelve months or less. The amortization of these costs is included in cost of services, and selling, general and administrative expenses. Amounts capitalized were approximately $9.8 million as of June 30, 2018 of which $4.6 million is presented as prepaid expenses and other and $5.2 million is presented as deferred charges and other assets, net. Amortization recognized during the six-month period ended at June 30, 2018 was approximately $2.7 million.

Note 3. Acquisition

Sprint Territory Expansion: Effective February 1, 2018, the Company signed an expansion agreement with Sprint to expand its wireless service coverage area to include certain areas in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia, (the “Expansion Area”). The agreement includes certain network build out requirements in the Expansion Area, and the ability to utilize Sprint’s spectrum in the Expansion Area. Pursuant to the expansion agreement, Sprint agreed to, among other things, transition the provision of network coverage in the Expansion Area from Sprint to the Company. The expansion agreement required a payment of $52.0 million for the right to service the Expansion Area pursuant to the Affiliate Agreements plus an additional payment of up to $5.0 million after acceptance of certain equipment at the Sprint cell sites in the Expansion Area. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.

Index

The Company recorded the following in the wireless segment:



($ in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life (in years)	February 1, 2018
Affiliate Contract Expansion	12	$	45,148
Prepayment of tangible assets	0	6,497
Off-market leases - favorable	16.5	3,665
Off-market leases - unfavorable	4.2	(3,310		)
Total		$	52,000

Estimated useful lives are approximate and represent the average of the remaining useful lives as of the acquisition date.

The Company allocated the purchase price to the components identified in the table above based on the relative fair value of each component. The fair value of the components was determined using an income and cost approach.

The affiliate contract expansion asset is classified as "Intangible assets, net". The prepayment of tangible assets are classified as "Prepaid expenses and other" within current assets on the Company's balance sheet. The off-market leases - favorable and off-market leases - unfavorable, are classified as "Intangible assets, net" and "Deferred lease", respectively, on the Company's balance sheet.

Note 4. Customer Concentration

Significant Contractual Relationship:

In 1999, the Company executed a Management Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Sprint whereby the Company committed to construct and operate a personal communications service (PCS) network using CDMA air interface technology. The Agreement has been amended numerous times. Under the amended Agreement, the Company is the exclusive PCS Affiliate of Sprint providing wireless mobility communications network products and services on the 800 MHz, 1900 MHz and 2.5 GHz spectrum ranges in its territory across a multi-state area covering large portions of central and western Virginia, south-central Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and portions of Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Ohio. The Company is authorized to use the Sprint brand in its territory, and operate its network under Sprint’s radio spectrum licenses. As an exclusive PCS Affiliate of Sprint, the Company has the exclusive right to build, own and maintain its portion of Sprint’s nationwide PCS network, in the aforementioned areas, to Sprint’s specifications. The initial term of the Agreement extends through November 2029, with two successive 10-year renewal periods, unless terminated by either party under provisions outlined in the Agreement. Upon non-renewal, the Company may cause Sprint to buy or Sprint may cause the Company to sell, the business at 90% of “Entire Business Value” (EBV) as defined in the Agreement. EBV is defined as i) the fair market value of a going concern paid by a willing buyer to a willing seller; ii) valued as if the business will continue to utilize existing brands and operate under existing agreements; and, iii) valued as if Manager (Shentel) owns the spectrum. Determination of EBV is made by an independent appraisal process.

Amendment to the Affiliate agreement related to the acquisition of Expansion Area:

Effective with the acquisition of Expansion Area on February 1, 2018, the Company amended its Agreement with Sprint to expand its wireless service area to include certain areas in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. The agreement includes certain network build out requirements in the Expansion Area, and the ability to utilize Sprint’s spectrum in the Expansion Area along with certain other amendments to the Affiliate Agreements. Pursuant to the Expansion Agreement, Sprint agreed to, among other things, transition the provision of network coverage in the Expansion Area from Sprint to the Company.

Note 5. Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS)

Basic EPS was computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share was computed under the treasury stock method, assuming the conversion as of the beginning of the period, for all dilutive stock options. Diluted EPS was computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options and restricted stock units and shares that the Company is contractually obligated to issue in the future.

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The following table indicates the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017			2018		2017
Calculation of net income (loss) per share:
Net income (loss)	$	7,824	$	(80	)	$	12,653	$	2,261
Weighted average shares outstanding	49,547		49,115			49,511		49,083
Basic income (loss) per share	$	0.16	$	—		$	0.26	$	0.05

Effect of stock options outstanding:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	49,547		49,115			49,511		49,083
Effect from dilutive shares and options outstanding	523		—			518		767
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	50,070		49,115			50,029		49,850
Diluted income (loss) per share	$	0.16	$	—		$	0.25	$	0.05

The computation of diluted EPS does not include certain unvested awards, on a weighted average basis, because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect on EPS. The awards excluded because of their anti-dilutive effect were as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2018	2017	2018	2017
Awards excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive	23	786	115	87

Note 6. Investments

Other investments, comprised of equity securities which do not have readily determinable fair values, consist of the following:



(in thousands)	6/30/2018		12/31/2017
Cost method:
CoBank	$	7,258	$	6,818
Other – Equity in other telecommunications partners	781		811
	8,039		7,629
Equity method:
Other	574		564
	574		564
Total other investments	$	8,613	$	8,193

The CoBank investment is primarily related to patronage distributions of restricted equity and is a required investment related to the Credit Facility. Refer to Note 12, Long-Term Debt, for additional information.

The Company's investments carried at fair value consisted of:



(in thousands)	6/30/2018		12/31/2017
Domestic equity funds	$	2,933	$	2,856
International equity funds	403		423
	$	3,336	$	3,279

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Investments carried at fair value were acquired under a rabbi trust arrangement related to the Company’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP). The Company purchases investments in the trust to mirror the investment elections of participants in the SERP. The Company recorded net gains of $56 thousand and $68 thousand in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company recorded net gains of $24 thousand and $187 thousand in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Fair values for these investments are determined by quoted market prices (Level 2 fair values) for the underlying mutual funds, which may be based upon net asset value. Gains and losses on the investments in the trust are reflected as increases or decreases in the liability owed to the participants. The increases or decreases to the liability are recorded as pension expense included within "Non-operating income (loss), net" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

Note 7. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018
Balance sheet location:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Prepaid expenses and other:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	4,577	$	—	$	4,577
Deferred charges and other assets, net:
Interest rate swaps	—		13,925		—		13,925
Total	$	—	$	18,502	$	—	$	18,502



(in thousands)	For the year ended December 31, 2017
Balance sheet location:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds	$	150	$	—	$	—	$	150
Prepaid expenses and other:
Interest rate swaps	—		2,411		—		2,411
Deferred charges and other assets, net:
Interest rate swaps	—		10,776		—		10,776
Total	$	150	$	13,187	$	—	$	13,337

Level 1- Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Financial instruments are defined as cash, or other financial instruments to a third party. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, investments carried at fair value, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The Company's Long-term debt and interest rate swaps approximate fair value because of their floating rate structure.

Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities in the financial statements and measured at fair value on a recurring basis. See Note 10, Derivatives and Hedging, for additional information. The Company measures its interest rate swaps at fair value and recognizes such derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of swaps are recognized in other comprehensive income, as the Company has designated these swaps as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The Company entered into these swaps to manage a portion of its exposure to interest rate movements by converting a portion of its variable rate long-term debt to fixed rate debt.

The Company determines the fair value of its security holdings based on pricing from its vendors. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. Such market prices may be

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quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or pricing determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs).

The Company has certain non-marketable long-term investments for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, refer to Note 6, Investments, for additional information.

Note 8. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:



(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Lives	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Land		$	6,459	$	6,418
Buildings and structures	10 - 40 years	205,373		195,540
Cable and wire	4 - 40 years	296,276		286,999
Equipment and software	2 - 17 years	756,643		730,228
Plant in service		1,264,751		1,219,185
Plant under construction		67,584		62,202
Total property, plant and equipment		1,332,335		1,281,387
Less accumulated amortization and depreciation		663,996		595,060
Property, plant and equipment, net		$	668,339	$	686,327

Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill consisted of the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Goodwill - Wireless	$	146,383	$	146,383
Goodwill - Cable	104		104
Goodwill - Wireline	10		10
Goodwill	$	146,497	$	146,497

Intangible assets consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization and Other			Net		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization and Other			Net
Non-amortizing intangibles:
Cable franchise rights	$	64,334	$	—		$	64,334	$	64,334	$	—		$	64,334
Railroad crossing rights	141		—			141		141		—			141
Total non-amortizing intangibles	64,475		—			64,475		64,475		—			64,475

Finite-lived intangibles:
Affiliate contract expansion - wireless	455,306		(137,437		)	317,869		410,157		(105,964		)	304,193
Favorable leases - wireless	15,758		(1,537		)	14,221		13,103		(1,222		)	11,881
Acquired subscribers - cable	25,265		(25,174		)	91		25,265		(25,100		)	165
Other intangibles	463		(211		)	252		463		(198		)	265
Total finite-lived intangibles	496,792		(164,359		)	332,433		448,988		(132,484		)	316,504
Total intangible assets	$	561,267	$	(164,359	)	$	396,908	$	513,463	$	(132,484	)	$	380,979

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Affiliate contract expansion is amortized over the expected benefit period and is further reduced by the amount of waived management fees received from Sprint which totaled $79.2 million since May 6, 2016, the date of the non-monetary exchange.

The gross carrying amount of certain intangibles was affected by the expansion of the Company's wireless service coverage area with Sprint. See note 3, Acquisition for additional information.

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Note 10. Derivatives and Hedging

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as its classification on the consolidated balance sheet:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Balance Sheet Location of Derivative Financial Instruments:
Prepaid expenses and other	$	4,577	$	2,411
Deferred charges and other assets, net	13,925		10,776
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	18,502	$	13,187

The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component:



	Six months ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Income Tax (Expense) Benefit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	13,187	$	(4,957	)	$	8,230
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	5,315		(1,420		)	3,895
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	5,315		(1,420		)	3,895
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	18,502	$	(6,377	)	$	12,125

The outstanding notional amounts of the cash flow hedge were $406.1 million and $418.3 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information.

Note 11. Other Assets and Accrued Liabilities

Prepaid expenses and other, classified as current assets, included the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Prepaid rent	$	9,929	$	10,519
Prepaid maintenance expenses	3,806		3,062
Interest rate swaps	4,577		2,411
Deferred contract costs	37,947		—
Other	7,904		1,119
Prepaid expenses and other	$	64,163	$	17,111

Deferred contract and other costs include amounts reimbursed to Sprint for commissions and device costs, and commissions and installation costs in the Company’s Cable and Wireline segments. The deferred contract and other costs increased due to the adoption of Topic 606. Refer to Note 2, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, for additional information.

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Deferred charges and other assets, classified as long-term assets, included the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps	$	13,925	$	10,776
Deferred contract costs	15,953		—
Other	4,143		2,914
Deferred charges and other assets, net	$	34,021	$	13,690

Accrued liabilities and other, classified as current liabilities, included the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sales and property taxes payable	$	4,805	$	3,872
Severance accrual	13		1,028
Asset retirement obligations	641		492
Accrued programming costs	2,934		2,805
Other current liabilities	9,693		5,717
Accrued liabilities and other	$	18,086	$	13,914

Other liabilities, classified as long-term liabilities, included the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Non-current portion of deferred revenues	$	12,782	$	14,030
Other	2,298		1,263
Other liabilities	$	15,080	$	15,293

The Company's asset retirement obligations are included in the balance sheet captions "Asset retirement obligations" and "Accrued liabilities and other". The Company records the fair value of an asset retirement obligation as a liability in the period in which it incurs a legal obligation associated with the retirement and removal of leasehold improvements or equipment. The Company also records a corresponding asset, which is depreciated over the life of the leasehold improvement or equipment. Subsequent to the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligation, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation. The terms associated with its operating leases, and applicable zoning ordinances of certain jurisdictions, define the Company’s obligations which are estimated and vary based on the size of the towers.

Note 12. Long-Term Debt

Total debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:



(in thousands)	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Term loan A-1	$	412,250	$	436,500
Term loan A-2	400,000		400,000
	812,250		836,500
Less: unamortized loan fees	12,354		14,542
Total debt, net of unamortized loan fees	$	799,896	$	821,958

Current maturities of long term debt, net of current unamortized loan fees	$	84,631	$	64,397
Long-term debt, less current maturities, net of unamortized loan fees	$	715,265	$	757,561

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As of June 30, 2018, the Company's indebtedness totaled approximately $799.9 million, net of unamortized loan fees of $12.4 million, with an annualized overall weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.90%. As of June 30, 2018, the Term Loan A-1 bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus a margin of 2.25%, while the Term Loan A-2 bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus a margin of 2.50%. For June 2018, one-month LIBOR was 1.98%. LIBOR resets monthly.

The Term Loan A-1 required quarterly principal repayments of $6.1 million, which began on September 30, 2016 and continued through June 30, 2017, increased to $12.1 million quarterly from September 30, 2017 through June 30, 2020; then increases to $18.2 million quarterly from September 30, 2020 through March 31, 2021, with the remaining balance due June 30, 2021. The Term Loan A-2 requires quarterly principal repayments of $10.0 million beginning on September 30, 2018 through March 31, 2023, with the remaining balance due June 30, 2023.

The 2016 credit agreement also requires the Company to enter into one or more hedge agreements to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. The Company elected to hedge the minimum required under the 2016 credit agreement, and entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable swap on 50% of the aggregate expected principal balance of the term loans outstanding. The Company will receive one month LIBOR and pay a fixed rate of 1.16%, in addition to the 2.25% initial spread on Term Loan A-1 and the 2.50% initial spread on Term Loan A-2.

The 2016 credit agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customary to secured credit facilities, including covenants restricting the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments, and change the nature of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ businesses.

Indebtedness outstanding under any of the facilities may be accelerated by an Event of Default, as defined in the 2016 credit agreement.

The Facilities are secured by a pledge by the Company of its stock and membership interests in its subsidiaries, a guarantee by the Company’s subsidiaries other than Shenandoah Telephone Company, and a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the guarantors.

The Company is subject to certain financial covenants to be measured on a trailing twelve month basis each calendar quarter unless otherwise specified. These covenants include:


•	a limitation on the Company’s total leverage ratio, defined as indebtedness divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of less than or equal to 3.75 to 1.00 from the closing date through December 30, 2018, then 3.25 to 1.00 through December 30, 2019, and 3.00 to 1.00 thereafter;


•	a minimum debt service coverage ratio, defined as EBITDA minus certain cash taxes divided by the sum of all scheduled principal payments on the Term Loans and scheduled principal payments on other indebtedness plus cash interest expense, greater than 2.00 to 1.00; and


•	maintain a minimum liquidity balance of greater than $25 million. The balance includes amounts available under the revolver facility plus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on deposit in a deposit account for which a control agreement has been delivered to the administrative agent under the 2016 credit agreement.

As shown below, as of June 30, 2018, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in its credit agreements.

Credit Facility Modification: On February 16, 2018, the Company, entered into a Second Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent of its Credit Agreement and the various financial institutions party thereto (the “Lenders”), which modifies the Credit Agreement by (i) reducing the interest rate paid by the Company by 50 basis points with respect to certain loans made by the Lenders to the Company under the Credit Agreement, and (ii) allowing the Company to make charitable contributions to the Shentel Foundation, a Virginia nonstock corporation, of up to $1.5 million in any fiscal year.

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Note 13. Income Taxes

The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns and various state and local income tax returns.

The net operating losses acquired in the nTelos acquisition are open to examination from 2002 forward. Tax filings prior to 2014, excluding the acquired net operating losses, are no longer subject to examination. The Company is not subject to any state or federal income tax audits as of June 30, 2018.

The effective tax rate has fluctuated in recent periods due to the minimal base of pre-tax earnings or losses and has been further impacted by share based compensation tax benefits which are recognized as incurred under the provisions of ASC 740, "Income Taxes".

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”) was enacted, substantially changing the U.S. tax system. The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act also provides immediate expensing for certain qualified assets acquired and placed into service after September 27, 2017 as well as prospective changes beginning in 2018, including acceleration of tax revenue recognition, additional limitations on deductibility of executive compensation and limitations on the deductibility of interest.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act. The Company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in its 2017 consolidated financial statements in accordance with SAB No. 118.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company is continuing to evaluate the provisional amounts recorded related to the 2017 Tax Act at December 31, 2017, and has not recognized any additional adjustments to such provisional amounts.

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Note 14. Segment Reporting

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018



(in thousands)	Wireless		Cable		Wireline		Other			Eliminations			Consolidated
External revenues
Service revenues	$	93,219	$	28,748	$	5,301	$	—		$	—		$	127,268
Equipment revenues	15,819		144		46		—			—			16,009
Other	2,000		2,122		6,631		—			—			10,753
Total external revenues	111,038		31,014		11,978		—			—			154,030
Internal revenues	1,244		1,097		7,134		—			(9,475		)	—
Total operating revenues	112,282		32,111		19,112		—			(9,475		)	154,030
Operating expenses
Cost of services	33,488		15,125		9,373		12			(8,864		)	49,134
Cost of goods sold	15,082		63		20		1			—			15,166
Selling, general and administrative	12,367		4,661		1,686		11,812			(611		)	29,915
Depreciation amortization	31,565		6,179		3,240		133			—			41,117
Total operating expenses	92,502		26,028		14,319		11,958			(9,475		)	135,332
Operating income (loss)	$	19,780	$	6,083	$	4,793	$	(11,958	)	$	—		$	18,698

Three Months Ended June 30, 2017:



(in thousands)	Wireless		Cable			Wireline		Other			Eliminations			Consolidated
External revenues
Service revenues	$	107,681	$	26,883		$	5,128	$	—		$	—		$	139,692
Equipment revenues	2,779		147			24		—			—			2,950
Other	2,439		1,948			6,229		—			—			10,616
Total external revenues	112,899		28,978			11,381		—			—			153,258
Internal revenues	1,234		586			8,195		—			(10,015		)	—
Total operating revenues	114,133		29,564			19,576		—			(10,015		)	153,258
Operating expenses
Cost of services	33,497		14,920			9,329		—			(9,329		)	48,416
Cost of goods sold	4,972		(9		)	1		—			—			4,965
Selling, general and administrative	29,637		4,867			1,683		7,521			(686		)	43,022
Acquisition, integration and migration expenses	4,124		—			—		(446		)	—			3,678
Depreciation and amortization	35,551		6,090			3,155		129			—			44,925
Total operating expenses	107,781		25,868			14,168		7,204			(10,015		)	145,006
Operating income (loss)	$	6,352	$	3,696		$	5,408	$	(7,204	)	$	—		$	8,252

Index

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018



(in thousands)	Wireless		Cable		Wireline		Other			Eliminations			Consolidated
External revenues
Service revenues	$	182,978	$	57,219	$	10,609	$	—		$	—		$	250,806
Equipment revenues	33,193		303		92		—			—			33,588
Other	4,026		4,172		13,170		—			—			21,368
Total external revenues	220,197		61,694		23,871		—			—			305,762
Internal revenues	2,483		2,128		14,948		—			(19,559		)	—
Total operating revenues	222,680		63,822		38,819		—			(19,559		)	305,762
Operating expenses
Cost of services	67,238		30,281		19,175		12			(18,230		)	98,476
Cost of goods sold	30,809		119		42		1			—			30,971
Selling, general and administrative	24,502		9,609		3,403		22,480			(1,329		)	58,665
Depreciation and amortization	65,490		12,203		6,634		277			—			84,604
Total operating expenses	188,039		52,212		29,254		22,770			(19,559		)	272,716
Operating income (loss)	$	34,641	$	11,610	$	9,565	$	(22,770	)	$	—		$	33,046

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017



(in thousands)	Wireless		Cable		Wireline		Other			Eliminations			Consolidated
External revenues
Service revenues	$	215,867	$	53,294	$	10,176	$	—		$	—		$	279,337
Equipment revenues	5,924		329		56		—			—			6,309
Other	5,337		3,800		12,355		—			—			21,492
Total external revenues	227,128		57,423		22,587		—			—			307,138
Internal revenues	2,468		1,154		16,143		—			(19,765		)	—
Total operating revenues	229,596		58,577		38,730		—			(19,765		)	307,138
Operating expenses
Cost of services	66,920		30,098		18,563		—			(18,388		)	97,193
Cost of goods sold	9,868		41		40		—			—			9,949
Selling, general and administrative	58,101		9,725		3,359		13,367			(1,377		)	83,175
Acquisition, integration and migration expenses	7,916		—		—		251			—			8,167
Depreciation and amortization	71,303		11,879		6,286		261			—			89,729
Total operating expenses	214,108		51,743		28,248		13,879			(19,765		)	288,213
Operating income (loss)	$	15,488	$	6,834	$	10,482	$	(13,879	)	$	—		$	18,925

Index

A reconciliation of the total of the reportable segments’ operating income (loss) to consolidated income (loss) before taxes is as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Total consolidated operating income (loss)	$	18,698		$	8,252		$	33,046		$	18,925
Interest expense	(8,851		)	(9,389		)	(18,183		)	(18,489		)
Gain (loss) on investments, net	56			73			24			193
Non-operating income (loss), net	783			1,224			1,804			2,479
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	10,686		$	160		$	16,691		$	3,108

As of January 1, 2018, the Company records stock compensation expense to the Other segment. Previously, stock compensation expense was allocated among all of the segments.

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ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This management’s discussion and analysis includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan” and similar expressions as they relate to Shenandoah Telecommunications Company or its management are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. All statements regarding Shenandoah Telecommunications Company’s expected future financial position and operating results, business strategy, financing plans, forecasted trends relating to the markets in which Shenandoah Telecommunications Company operates and similar matters are forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that the Company’s expectations expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements will turn out to be correct. The Company’s actual results could be materially different from its expectations because of various factors, including those discussed below and under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The following management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes included therein.

General

Overview. Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, (the "Company", "we", "our", or "us"), is a diversified telecommunications company providing integrated voice, video and data communication services including both regulated and unregulated telecommunications services through its wholly owned subsidiaries. These subsidiaries provide wireless personal communications services as a Sprint PCS affiliate, and local exchange telephone services, video, internet and data services, long distance services, fiber optics facilities and leased tower facilities. We organize and strategically manage our operations under the Company's reportable segments that include: Wireless, Cable, Wireline, and Other. See Note 14, Segment Reporting, included with the notes to our consolidated financial statements provided within our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our segments.

Basis of Presentation

The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method as discussed in Note 2, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The following tables identify the impact of applying Topic 606 to the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
				Topic 606 Impact - CONSOLIDATED
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)	Prior to Adoption of Topic 606			Changes in Presentation (1)			Equipment Revenue (2)		Deferred Costs (3)			As Reported 6/30/2018
Service revenue and other	$	156,267		$	(20,881	)	$	—	$	2,635		$	138,021
Equipment revenue	1,799			—			14,210		—			16,009
Total operating revenues	158,066			(20,881		)	14,210		2,635			154,030
Cost of services	48,999			—			—		135			49,134
Cost of goods sold	6,328			(5,372		)	14,210		—			15,166
Selling, general & administrative	45,579			(15,509		)	—		(155		)	29,915
Depreciation and amortization	41,117			—			—		—			41,117
Total operating expenses	142,023			(20,881		)	14,210		(20		)	135,332
Operating income	16,043			—			—		2,655			18,698
Other income (expense)	(8,012		)	—			—		—			(8,012		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,144			—			—		718			2,862
Net income	$	5,887		$	—		$	—	$	1,937		$	7,824

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.12							$	0.04		$	0.16
Diluted	$	0.12							$	0.04		$	0.16
Weighted average shares o/s, basic	49,547											49,547
Weighted average shares o/s, diluted	50,070											50,070

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	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
				Topic 606 Impact - CONSOLIDATED
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)	Prior to Adoption of Topic 606			Changes in Presentation (1)			Equipment Revenue (2)		Deferred Costs (3)			YTD 6/30/2018 As Reported
Service revenue and other	$	310,079		$	(40,895	)	$	—	$	2,990		$	272,174
Equipment revenue	3,858			—			29,730		—			33,588
Total operating revenues	313,937			(40,895		)	29,730		2,990			305,762
Cost of services	98,198			—			—		278			98,476
Cost of goods sold	12,446			(11,205		)	29,730		—			30,971
Selling, general & administrative	88,547			(29,690		)	—		(192		)	58,665
Depreciation and amortization	84,604			—			—		—			84,604
Total operating expenses	283,795			(40,895		)	29,730		86			272,716
Operating income	30,142			—			—		2,904			33,046
Other income (expense)	(16,355		)	—			—		—			(16,355		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,254			—			—		784			4,038
Net income	$	10,533		$	—		$	—	$	2,120		$	12,653

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.21							$	0.05		$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.21							$	0.04		$	0.25
Weighted average shares o/s, basic	49,511											49,511
Weighted average shares o/s, diluted	50,029											50,029

______________________________________________________

(1) Amounts payable to Sprint for the reimbursement of costs incurred by Sprint in their national sales channel for commissions and device costs, and to provide on-going support to their prepaid customers in our territory were historically recorded as expense when incurred. Under Topic 606, these amounts represent consideration payable to our customer, Sprint, and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. In 2017, these amounts were approximately $44.8 million for the national commissions, previously recorded in selling, general and administrative, $18.7 million for national device costs previously recorded in cost of goods and services, and $16.9 million for the on-going service to Sprint's prepaid customers, previously recorded in selling, general and administrative.

(2) Costs incurred by the Company for the sale of devices under Sprint’s device financing and lease programs were previously recorded net against revenue. Under Topic 606, the revenue from device sales is recorded gross as equipment revenue and the device costs are recorded gross and reclassified to cost of goods and services. These amounts were approximately $63.8 million in 2017.

(3) Amounts payable to Sprint for the reimbursement of costs incurred by Sprint in their national sales channel for commissions and device costs, which historically have been expensed when incurred, are deferred and amortized against revenue over the expected period of benefit of approximately 21 to 24 months. In Cable and Wireline, installation revenues are recognized over a shorter period of benefit. The deferred balance as of June 30, 2018 is approximately $53.9 million and is classified on the balance sheet as current and non-current assets, as applicable.

2018 Developments

Credit Facility Modification: On February 16, 2018, the Company, entered into a Second Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent of its Credit Agreement, described more fully in Note 12, Long-Term Debt, and the various financial institutions party thereto (the “Lenders”), which modifies the Credit Agreement by (i) reducing the interest rate paid by the Company by 50 basis points with respect to certain loans made by the Lenders to the Company under the Credit Agreement, and (ii) allowing the Company to make charitable contributions to Shentel Foundation, a Virginia nonstock corporation, of up to $1.5 million in any fiscal year.

Sprint Territory Expansion: Effective February 1, 2018, we signed the Expansion Agreement with Sprint to expand our wireless network coverage area to include certain portions of Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia, (the “Expansion Area”), effectively adding a population (POPs) of approximately 1.1 million. The agreement includes certain network build out requirements in the Expansion Area, and the ability to utilize Sprint’s spectrum in the Expansion Area along with certain other amendments to the Affiliate Agreements. Pursuant to the Expansion Agreement, Sprint agreed to, among other things, transition the provision of network coverage in the Expansion Area from Sprint to us. The Expansion Agreement required a payment of $52.0 million to Sprint for the right to service the Expansion Area pursuant to the Affiliate Agreements plus an additional payment of up to $5.0 million after acceptance of certain equipment at the Sprint cell sites in the Expansion Area. A map of our territory, reflecting the new expansion area, is provided below:

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Our consolidated results for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,										Change
($ in thousands)	2018			% of Revenue		2017			% of Revenue		$			%
Operating revenues	$	154,030		100.0		$	153,258		100.0		$	772		0.5
Operating expenses	135,332			87.9		145,006			94.6		(9,674		)	(6.7	)
Operating income (loss)	18,698			12.1		8,252			5.4		10,446			126.6

Interest expense	(8,851		)	(5.7	)	(9,389		)	(6.1	)	538			5.7
Other income (expense), net	839			0.5		1,297			0.8		(458		)	(35.3	)
Income (loss) before taxes	10,686			6.9		160			0.1		10,526			6,578.8
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,862			1.9		240			0.2		2,622			1,092.5
Net income (loss)	$	7,824		5.1		$	(80	)	(0.1	)	$	7,904		(9,880.0	)

Operating revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, operating revenues increased approximately $0.8 million, or 0.5%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. Excluding the impacts of adopting Topic 606, operating revenues would have increased approximately $4.8 million, driven by the Wireless and Cable operations, partially offset by Wireline operations.

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Operating expenses

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, operating expenses decreased approximately $9.7 million or 6.7%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. Excluding the impacts of adopting Topic 606, operating expenses would have decreased approximately $3.0 million, primarily due to the absence of acquisition, integration and migration costs related to the completion of the transformation of the nTelos network in 2017, partially offset by our investment in infrastructure in the Other operations necessary to support our growth.

In 2018, the Company's stock compensation expense was recorded in the Other operations. In prior years this expense was allocated among Wireless, Cable, Wireline and Other. Stock compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $1.4 million compared with approximately $0.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Interest expense

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, interest expense decreased approximately $0.5 million, or 5.7%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to an amendment to the Credit Facility Agreement that reduced the base rate of the Credit Facility by 50 basis points and a reduction in the outstanding principal of our credit facility, partially offset by the effect of increases in the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR").

Other income (expense), net

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, other income, net decreased approximately $0.5 million, or 35.3%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in other income, net was primarily attributable to lower interest income derived from our investments.

Income tax expense (benefit)

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, income tax expense increased approximately $2.6 million or 1092.5%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is primarily attributable to growth in our income before taxes and was partially offset by the changes in federal tax regulations related to the 2017 Tax Act that was enacted during December 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate decreased from 150.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2017, to 26.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the changes in federal tax regulations related to the 2017 Tax Act that was enacted during December 2017 and partly due to acquisition related deferred tax adjustments recognized during 2017.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Our consolidated results for the first six months of 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows:



	Six Months Ended June 30,										Change
($ in thousands)	2018			% of Revenue		2017			% of Revenue		$			%
Operating revenues	$	305,762		100.0		$	307,138		100.0		$	(1,376	)	(0.4	)
Operating expenses	272,716			89.2		288,213			93.8		(15,497		)	(5.4	)
Operating income (loss)	33,046			10.8		18,925			6.2		14,121			74.6

Interest expense	(18,183		)	(5.9	)	(18,489		)	(6.0	)	306			1.7
Other income (expense), net	1,828			0.6		2,672			0.9		(844		)	(31.6	)
Income (loss) before taxes	16,691			5.5		3,108			1.0		13,583			437.0
Income tax expense (benefit)	4,038			1.3		847			0.3		3,191			376.7
Net income (loss)	$	12,653		4.1		$	2,261		0.7		$	10,392		459.6

Operating revenues

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, operating revenues decreased approximately $1.4 million, or 0.4%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. Excluding the impacts of adopting Topic 606, operating revenues would have increased approximately $6.8 million, driven by the Wireless and Cable operations.

Operating expenses

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, operating expenses decreased approximately $15.5 million or 5.4%, compared

Index

with the six months ended June 30, 2017. Excluding the impacts of adopting Topic 606, operating expenses would have decreased approximately $4.4 million, primarily due to the absence of acquisition, integration and migration costs related to the completion of the transformation of the nTelos network in 2017.

In 2018, the Company's stock compensation expense was recorded in the Other operations. In prior years this expense was allocated among Wireless, Cable, Wireline and Other. Stock compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was approximately $3.4 million compared with approximately $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Interest expense

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, interest expense decreased approximately $0.3 million, or 1.7%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to an amendment to the Credit Facility Agreement that reduced the base rate of the Credit Facility by 50 basis points and a reduction in the outstanding principal of our credit facility, partially offset by the effect of increases in LIBOR.

Other income (expense), net

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, other income, net decreased approximately $0.8 million, or 31.6%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in other income, net was primarily attributable to lower interest income derived from our investments.

Income tax expense (benefit)

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, income tax increased approximately $3.2 million or 376.7%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is primarily attributable to growth in our income before taxes and was partially offset by the changes in federal tax regulations related to the 2017 Tax Act that was enacted during December 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate decreased from 27.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, to 24.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the changes in federal tax regulations related to the 2017 Tax Act that was enacted during December 2017.

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Wireless

Wireless earns revenues from Sprint for their postpaid and prepaid subscribers usage of our Wireless network in our Wireless network coverage area, net of customer credits, account write offs and other billing adjustments.

The following tables identify the impact of Topic 606 on the Company's Wireless operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 :



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
			Topic 606 Impact - WIRELESS
($ in thousands)	Prior to Adoption of Topic 606		Changes in Presentation (1)			Equipment Revenue (2)		Deferred Costs (3)		As Reported 6/30/2018
Service revenue	$	111,515	$	(20,881	)	$	—	$	2,585	$	93,219
Equipment revenue	1,609		—			14,210		—		15,819
Tower and Other revenue	3,244		—			—		—		3,244
Total operating revenues	116,368		(20,881		)	14,210		2,585		112,282
Cost of services	33,488		—			—		—		33,488
Cost of goods sold	6,244		(5,372		)	14,210		—		15,082
Selling, general & administrative	27,876		(15,509		)	—		—		12,367
Depreciation and amortization	31,565		—			—		—		31,565
Total operating expenses	99,173		(20,881		)	14,210		—		92,502
Operating income	$	17,195	$	—		$	—	$	2,585	$	19,780



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
			Topic 606 Impact - WIRELESS
($ in thousands)	Prior to Adoption of Topic 606		Changes in Presentation (1)			Equipment Revenue (2)		Deferred Costs (3)		YTD 6/30/2018 As Reported
Service revenue	$	220,933	$	(40,895	)	$	—	$	2,940	$	182,978
Equipment revenue	3,463		—			29,730		—		33,193
Tower and Other revenue	6,509		—			—		—		6,509
Total operating revenues	230,905		(40,895		)	29,730		2,940		222,680
Cost of services	67,238		—			—		—		67,238
Cost of goods sold	12,284		(11,205		)	29,730		—		30,809
Selling, general & administrative	54,192		(29,690		)	—		—		24,502
Depreciation and amortization	65,490		—			—		—		65,490
Total operating expenses	199,204		(40,895		)	29,730		—		188,039
Operating income	$	31,701	$	—		$	—	$	2,940	$	34,641

______________________________________________________

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to 24 months. The deferred balance as of June 30, 2018 is approximately $53.9 and is classified on the balance sheet as current and non-current assets, as applicable.

Under our amended affiliate agreement, Sprint agreed to waive the Management Fees charged on both postpaid and prepaid revenues, up to approximately $4.2 million per month, until the total amount waived reaches approximately $255.6 million, which is expected to occur in 2022. The cash flow savings of the waived management fee waiver has been incorporated into the fair value of the affiliate contract expansion intangible, which is reduced, in part, as credits are received from Sprint.

The following tables indicate selected operating statistics of Wireless, including Sprint subscribers, as of the dates shown:



	June 30, 2018 (3)	December 31, 2017 (4)	June 30, 2017 (4)
Retail PCS Subscribers - Postpaid	780,658	736,597	732,664
Retail PCS Subscribers - Prepaid (1)	252,054	225,822	222,038
PCS Market POPS (000) (2)	7,023	5,942	6,047
PCS Covered POP (000) (2)	5,908	5,272	5,137
CDMA Base Stations (sites)	1,770	1,623	1,541
Towers Owned	193	192	195
Non-affiliate Cell Site Leases	192	192	205

_______________________________________________________


(1)	As of September 2017, the Company is no longer including Lifeline subscribers to be consistent with Sprint's policy. Historical customer counts have been adjusted accordingly.

(2)

"POPS" refers to the estimated population of a given geographic area. Market POPS are those within a market area which we are authorized to serve under our Sprint PCS affiliate agreements, and Covered POPS are those covered by our network. As of December 31, 2017, the data source for POPS is U.S. census data. Historical periods previously referred to other third party population data and have been recast to refer to U.S. census data.


(3)	Beginning February 1, 2018 includes Richmond Expansion Area.


(4)	Beginning April 6, 2017 includes Parkersburg Expansion Area.



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Gross PCS Subscriber Additions - Postpaid	44,629		40,408		126,049		79,109
Net PCS Subscriber Additions (Losses) - Postpaid	5,797		15,514		44,061		10,102
Gross PCS Subscriber Additions - Prepaid (1)	33,840		35,103		89,642		79,065
Net PCS Subscriber Additions (Losses) - Prepaid (1)	1,863		7,267		26,232		15,366
PCS Average Monthly Retail Churn % - Postpaid	1.67	%	2.00	%	1.78	%	2.02	%
PCS Average Monthly Retail Churn % - Prepaid (1)	4.25	%	4.92	%	4.32	%	4.91	%

_______________________________________________________


(1)	As of September 2017, the Company is no longer including Lifeline subscribers to be consistent with Sprint's policy. Historical customer counts and churn % have been adjusted accordingly.

The subscriber statistics shown above, excluding gross additions, include the following:



	February 1, 2018	April 6, 2017	May 6, 2016
	Richmond Expansion Area	Parkersburg Expansion Area	nTelos Area
PCS Subscribers - Postpaid	38,343	19,067	404,965
PCS Subscribers - Prepaid (1)	15,691	4,517	154,944
Acquired PCS Market POPS (000)	1,082	511	3,099
Acquired PCS Covered POPS (000)	602	244	2,298
Acquired CDMA Base Stations (sites) (2)	105	—	868
Towers	—	—	20
Non-affiliate Cell Site Leases	—	—	10

_______________________________________________________


(1)	Excludes Lifeline subscribers.


(2)	As of June 30, 2018 we have shut down 107 overlap sites associated with the nTelos Area.

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Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017	% of Revenue	$			%
Wireless operating revenues
Wireless service revenue	$	93,219	83.0	107,681	94.3	$	(14,462	)	(13.4	)
Tower lease revenue	2,878		2.6	2,861	2.5	17			0.6
Equipment revenue	15,819		14.1	2,779	2.4	13,040			469.2
Other revenue	366		0.3	812	0.7	(446		)	(54.9	)
Total Segment operating revenues	112,282		100.0	114,133	100.0	(1,851		)	(1.6	)
Wireless operating expenses					—
Cost of services	33,488		29.8	33,497	29.3	(9		)	—
Cost of goods sold	15,082		13.4	4,972	4.4	10,110			203.3
Selling, general and administrative	12,367		11.0	29,637	26.0	(17,270		)	(58.3	)
Acquisition, integration and migration expenses	—		—	4,124	3.6	(4,124		)	(100.0	)
Depreciation and amortization	31,565		28.1	35,551	31.1	(3,986		)	(11.2	)
Total Wireless operating expenses	92,502		82.4	107,781	94.4	(15,279		)	(14.2	)
Wireless operating income (loss)	$	19,780	17.6	6,352	5.6	$	13,428		211.4

Operating Revenue

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, wireless operating revenues decreased approximately $1.9 million or 1.6%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017, due primarily to the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impacts of Topic 606, wireless operating revenues increased approximately $2.2 million. This increase was driven by growth in postpaid and prepaid PCS subscribers, improvements in PCS average monthly churn for postpaid and prepaid, and was partially offset by a decline in average revenue per subscriber primarily related to promotions and discounts.

As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and in the three months ended June 30, 2018, wireless service revenues were reduced by approximately $20.9 million of expenses payable to our customer, Sprint, for the reimbursement of costs incurred for national sales channel commissions and device costs, and to provide ongoing support to Sprint's prepaid customers in our territory. Commissions, device costs and costs for ongoing support of Sprint's prepaid customers were previously recorded as expenses within selling, general and administrative. Additionally, we recorded approximately $14.2 million of equipment revenue and cost of goods sold for the sale of devices under Sprint’s device financing and lease programs. Equipment costs were historically netted and presented within equipment revenue.

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The table below provides additional detail for Wireless service revenues.



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Wireless Service Revenues:
Postpaid billings (1)	$	96,127		$	93,722		$	2,405		2.6
Amortization of deferred contract & other costs (3)	(7,086		)	—			(7,086		)	—
Management fee	(7,803		)	(7,623		)	(180		)	(2.4	)
Net service fee	(8,303		)	(7,781		)	(522		)	(6.7	)
Total Postpaid Service Revenue	72,935			78,318			(5,383		)	(6.9	)
Prepaid billings (2)	27,915			25,252			2,663			10.5
Amortization of deferred contract & other costs (3)	(12,876		)	—			(12,876		)	—
Sprint management fee	(1,754		)	(1,563		)	(191		)	(12.2	)
Total Prepaid Service Revenue	13,285			23,689			(10,404		)	(43.9	)
Travel and other revenues (2)	6,999			5,674			1,325			23.4
Total Service Revenues	$	93,219		$	107,681		$	(14,462	)	(13.4	)

_______________________________________________________

(1) Postpaid net billings are defined under the terms of the affiliate contract with Sprint to be the gross billings to customers within our wireless network coverage area less billing credits and adjustments and allocated write-offs of uncollectible accounts.

(2) The Company includes Lifeline subscribers revenue within travel and other revenues to be consistent with Sprint. The above table reflects the reclassification of the related Assurance Wireless prepaid revenue from prepaid gross billings to travel and other revenues.

(3) Due to the adoption of Topic 606, costs reimbursed to Sprint for commission and acquisition cost incurred in their national sales channel are recorded as reduction of revenue and amortized over the period of benefit. Additionally, costs reimbursed to Sprint for the support of their prepaid customer base are recorded as a reduction of revenue. These costs were previously recorded in cost of goods sold, and selling, general and administrative.

The decline in postpaid service revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily the result of the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of adopting Topic 606, postpaid service revenues would have remained consistent with the prior year period. Growth related to the addition of approximately 48 thousand postpaid PCS retail subscribers, and improvements in postpaid PCS average monthly retail churn, was partially offset by a decline in average revenue per subscriber. The growth in our postpaid PCS retail subscribers includes approximately 38 thousand acquired with the Richmond Expansion Area. Postpaid service revenue was further reduced by approximately $0.5 million due to an increase in net service fee as nTelos subscribers were migrated to Sprint’s billing and back-office systems. The migration of these subscribers resulted in the elimination of costs to run the nTelos back office system which were recorded in selling, general and administrative.

The decline in prepaid service revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily the result of the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of adopting Topic 606, prepaid service revenues would have increased approximately $2.5 million due to growth of approximately 30 thousand prepaid PCS retail subscribers, improvements in prepaid PCS average monthly retail churn, and was partially offset by a decrease in average revenue per subscriber. The growth in our prepaid PCS retail subscribers includes approximately 16 thousand subscribers acquired with the Richmond Expansion Area.

Cost of services

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cost of services remained consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Cost of goods sold

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cost of goods sold increased approximately $10.1 million, or 203.3%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in costs of goods sold was primarily the result of the reclassification of approximately $14.2 million of expenses for equipment costs and was partially offset by $5.4 million of costs incurred for national sales channel commissions, which were previously classified as reductions of revenue, driven by the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of the adoption of Topic 606, the increase would have been approximately $1.3 million.

Selling, general and administrative

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative costs decreased approximately $17.3 million, or 58.3%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs was primarily attributable to the reclassification of approximately $15.5 million of commissions and subscriber acquisition costs to

Index

reductions of revenue as required by the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of Topic 606, the decrease would have been approximately $1.8 million and was primarily due to a reduction of back office expenses required to support former nTelos subscribers that migrated to the Sprint back office during 2017.

Acquisition, integration and migration expenses

Acquisition and integration costs were not incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as the completion of integration and migration activities related to the acquisition of nTelos was completed during 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization decreased approximately $4.0 million, or 11.2%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in depreciation and amortization was primarily attributable to the retirement of assets acquired in the nTelos acquisition.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017



	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017		% of Revenue	$			%
Wireless operating revenues
Wireless service revenue	$	182,978	82.2	$	215,867	94.0	$	(32,889	)	(15.2	)
Tower lease revenue	5,774		2.6	5,743		2.5	31			0.5
Equipment revenue	33,193		14.9	5,924		2.6	27,269			460.3
Other revenue	735		0.3	2,062		0.9	(1,327		)	(64.4	)
Total segment operating revenues	222,680		100.0	229,596		100.0	(6,916		)	(3.0	)
Wireless operating expenses
Cost of services	67,238		30.2	66,920		29.1	318			0.5
Cost of goods sold	30,809		13.8	9,868		4.3	20,941			212.2
Selling, general and administrative	24,502		11.0	58,101		25.3	(33,599		)	(57.8	)
Acquisition, integration and migration expenses	—		—	7,916		3.4	(7,916		)	(100.0	)
Depreciation and amortization	65,490		29.4	71,303		31.1	(5,813		)	(8.2	)
Total Wireless operating expenses	188,039		84.4	214,108		93.3	(26,069		)	(12.2	)
Wireless operating income (loss)	$	34,641	15.6	$	15,488	6.7	$	19,153		123.7

Operating revenue

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, wireless operating revenues decreased approximately $6.9 million or 3.0%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017, due primarily to the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impacts of Topic 606, wireless operating revenues increased approximately $1.3 million. This increase was driven by growth in postpaid and prepaid PCS subscribers, improvements in average monthly churn for postpaid and prepaid, and was partially offset by a decline in average revenue per subscriber primarily related to promotional discounts.

As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 in the six months ended June 30, 2018, wireless service revenues were reduced by approximately $40.9 million of expenses payable to Sprint, our customer, related to the reimbursement to Sprint for costs incurred in their national sales channel for commissions and device costs, and to provide ongoing support to their prepaid customers in our territory. Commissions were previously recorded as expenses within selling, general and administrative. Additionally, we recorded $29.7 million of equipment revenue and cost of goods sold for the sale of devices under Sprint’s device financing and lease programs. Equipment costs were historically netted and presented within equipment revenue.

Index

The table below provides additional detail for Wireless service revenues.



	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018			2017			$			%
Wireless Service Revenues:
Postpaid billings (1)	$	189,417		$	186,711		$	2,706		1.4
Amortization of deferred contract & other costs (3)	(13,957		)	—			(13,957		)	—
Management fee	(15,203		)	(15,006		)	(197		)	(1.3	)
Net service fee	(16,258		)	(14,981		)	(1,277		)	(8.5	)
Total Postpaid Service Revenue	143,999			156,724			(12,725		)	(8.1	)
Prepaid billings (2)	54,256			50,455			3,801			7.5
Amortization of deferred contract & other costs (3)	(25,664		)	—			(25,664		)	—
Sprint management fee	(3,403		)	(3,120		)	(283		)	(9.1	)
Total Prepaid Service Revenue	25,189			47,335			(22,146		)	(46.8	)
Travel and other revenues (2)	13,790			11,808			1,982			16.8
Total Service Revenues	$	182,978		$	215,867		$	(32,889	)	(15.2	)

_______________________________________________________

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the decline in postpaid service revenue was primarily the result of the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of adopting Topic 606, postpaid service revenues would have decreased approximately $0.4 million primarily due to a decline in average revenue per subscriber and partially offset by growth of approximately 48 thousand postpaid PCS retail subscribers and improvements in postpaid PCS average monthly retail churn. The growth in our postpaid PCS retail subscribers includes approximately 38 thousand acquired with the Richmond Expansion Area. Postpaid service revenue was further reduced by approximately $1.3 million due to an increase in net service fee as nTelos subscribers were migrated to Sprint’s billing and back-office systems. The migration of these subscribers resulted in the elimination of costs to run the nTelos back office system which were recorded in selling, general and administrative.

The decline in prepaid service revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily the result of the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of adopting Topic 606, prepaid service revenues would have increased approximately $3.5 million due to growth of approximately 30 thousand prepaid PCS retail subscribers, improvements in prepaid PCS average monthly retail churn, and was partially offset by a decrease in average revenue per subscriber. The growth in our prepaid PCS retail subscribers includes approximately 16 thousand subscribers acquired with the Richmond Expansion Area.

Cost of services

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of services increased approximately $0.3 million, or 0.5%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of goods and services was primarily attributable to additional network costs related to the completion of our 4G roll-out and the expansion of our wireless network coverage area.

Cost of goods sold

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of goods sold increased approximately $20.9 million, or 212.2%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in costs of goods sold was primarily the result of the reclassification of approximately $29.7 million of expenses for equipment costs and was partially offset by $11.2 million of costs incurred for national sales channel commissions, which were previously classified as reductions of revenue, driven by the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of the adoption of Topic 606, the increase would have been approximately $2.4 million.

Selling, general and administrative

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative costs decreased approximately $33.6 million, or 57.8%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in selling, general and administrative was primarily attributable to the reclassification of approximately $29.7 million of commissions and subscriber acquisition costs to reductions

Index

of revenue as required by the adoption of Topic 606. Excluding the impact of Topic 606, the decrease would have been approximately $3.9 million and was primarily due to a reduction of back office expenses required to support former nTelos subscribers that migrated to the Sprint back office during 2017.

Acquisition, integration and migration expenses

Acquisition and integration costs were not incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as the completion of integration and migration activities related to the acquisition of nTelos was completed during 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization decreased $5.8 million, or 8.2%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in depreciation and amortization was primarily attributable to the retirement of assets acquired in the nTelos acquisition.

Index

Cable

Cable provides video, internet and voice services in franchise areas in portions of Virginia, West Virginia and western Maryland, and leases fiber optic facilities throughout its service area. It does not include video, internet and voice services provided to customers in Shenandoah County, Virginia, which are included in Wireline. The following tables indicate selected operating statistics of Cable, as of the dates shown:



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2017
Homes Passed (1)	185,016		184,910		184,834
Customer Relationships (2)
Video Users	42,483		44,269		46,014
Non-video customers	35,773		33,559		31,291
Total customer relationships	78,256		77,828		77,305
Video
Customers (3)	44,800		46,613		48,248
Penetration (4)	24.2	%	25.2	%	26.1	%
Digital video penetration (5)	76.9	%	76.2	%	81.5	%
High-speed internet
Available Homes (6)	185,016		184,910		184,834
Users (3)	65,466		63,918		61,947
Penetration (4)	35.4	%	34.6	%	33.5	%
Voice
Available Homes (6)	185,016		182,379		182,303
Users (3)	22,882		22,555		22,092
Penetration (4)	12.4	%	12.4	%	12.1	%
Total Revenue Generating Units (7)	133,148		133,086		132,287
Fiber Route Miles	3,426		3,356		3,301
Total Fiber Miles (8)	133,702		122,011		114,366
Average Revenue Generating Units	132,287		132,759		132,829

_______________________________________________________

(1) Homes and businesses are considered passed (“homes passed”) if we can connect them to our distribution system without further extending the transmission lines. Homes passed is an estimate based upon the best available information.

(2) Customer relationships represent the number of billed customers who receive at least one of our services.

(3) Generally, a dwelling or commercial unit with one or more television sets connected to our distribution system counts as one video customer. Where services are provided on a bulk basis, such as to hotels and some multi-dwelling units, the revenue charged to the customer is divided by the rate for comparable service in the local market to determine the number of customer equivalents included in the customer counts shown above.

(4) Penetration is calculated by dividing the number of users by the number of homes passed or available homes, as appropriate.

(5) Digital video penetration is calculated by dividing the number of digital video users by total video users. Digital video users are video customers who receive any level of video service via digital transmission. A dwelling with one or more digital set-top boxes or digital adapters counts as one digital video user.

(6) Homes and businesses are considered available (“available homes”) if we can connect them to our distribution system without further extending the transmission lines and if we offer the service in that area.

(7) Revenue generating units are the sum of video, voice and high-speed internet users.

(8) Total Fiber Miles are measured by taking the number of fiber strands in a cable and multiplying that number by the route distance. For example, a 10 mile route with 144 fiber strands would equal 1,440 fiber miles.

Index

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017



	Three Months Ended June 30,							Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017			% of Revenue	$			%
Cable Operating Revenues
Service revenues	$	28,748	89.5	$	26,883		90.9	$	1,865		6.9
Equipment revenues	144		0.4	147			0.5	(3		)	(2.0	)
Other revenues	3,219		10.0	2,534			8.6	685			27.0
Total Cable Operating Revenues	32,111		100.0	29,564			100.0	2,547			8.6
Cable Operating Expenses
Cost of services	15,125		47.1	14,920			50.5	205			1.4
Cost of goods sold	63		0.2	(9		)	—	72			800.0
Selling, general, and administrative	4,661		14.5	4,867			16.5	(206		)	(4.2	)
Depreciation and amortization	6,179		19.2	6,090			20.6	89			1.5
Total Cable Operating Expenses	26,028		81.1	25,868			87.5	160			0.6
Cable Operating Income (loss)	$	6,083	18.9	$	3,696		12.5	$	2,387		64.6

Service revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, service revenues increased approximately $1.9 million, or 6.9%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in service revenues was primarily attributable to increases in high speed data and voice subscribers, video rate increases, and customers selecting or upgrading to higher-speed data access packages.

Equipment revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, equipment revenues were consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Other revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, other revenue increased approximately $0.7 million, or 27.0%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in other revenue was primarily attributable to installation services that were driven by growth in our customer base.

Cost of services

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cable cost of services increased approximately $0.2 million, or 1.4%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of services was driven by programming rate increases.

Cost of goods sold

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, costs of goods sold increased approximately $0.1 million, or 800.0%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to gains on disposals of equipment that were recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Selling, general and administrative

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.2 million, or 4.2%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to management's cost saving initiatives.

Depreciation and amortization

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization expense was consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606, which deferred incremental commission and installation costs over the life of the customer, did not have a significant impact on operating expenses.

Index

Six months ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Six months ended June 30, 2017



	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017		% of Revenue	$			%
Cable Operating Revenues
Service revenues	$	57,219	89.7	$	53,294	91.0	$	3,925		7.4
Equipment revenues	303		0.5	329		1.1	(26		)	(7.9	)
Other revenues	6,300		9.9	4,954		8.5	1,346			27.2
Total Cable Operating Revenues	63,822		100.0	58,577		100.0	5,245			9.0
Cable Operating Expenses
Cost of services	30,281		47.4	30,098		51.4	183			0.6
Cost of goods sold	119		0.2	41		0.1	78			190.2
Selling, general, and administrative	9,609		15.1	9,725		16.6	(116		)	(1.2	)
Depreciation and amortization	12,203		19.1	11,879		20.3	324			2.7
Total Cable Operating Expenses	52,212		81.8	51,743		88.3	469			0.9
Cable Operating Income (loss)	$	11,610	18.2	$	6,834	11.7	$	4,776		69.9

Service revenues

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, service revenues increased approximately $3.9 million, or 7.4%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in service revenues was primarily attributable to growth in our high speed data and voice subscribers, video rate increases, and our customers selecting or upgrading to higher-speed data access packages.

Equipment revenues

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, equipment revenues were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Other revenues

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, other revenue increased approximately $1.3 million, or 27.2%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in other revenue was primarily attributable to new fiber contracts.

Cost of services

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cable cost of services were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Cost of goods sold

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of goods sold were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Selling, general and administrative

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $0.3 million million, or 2.7%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily attributable to our investment in infrastructure necessary to support the growth of the cable and fiber networks.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606, which deferred incremental commission and installation costs over the life of the customer, did not have a significant impact on operating expenses.

Index

Wireline

Wireline provides regulated and unregulated voice services, DSL internet access, and long distance access services throughout Shenandoah County and portions of Rockingham, Frederick, Warren and Augusta counties, Virginia. Also, Wireline provides video and cable modem internet access services in portions of Shenandoah County, and leases fiber optic facilities throughout the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, northern Virginia and adjacent areas along the Interstate 81 corridor through West Virginia, Maryland and portions of Pennsylvania.



	June 30, 2018	December 31, 2017	June 30, 2017
Telephone Access Lines	17,017	17,933	18,077
Long Distance Subscribers	8,930	9,078	9,139
Video Customers (1)	4,850	5,019	5,180
DSL and Cable Modem Subscribers	14,694	14,665	14,605
Fiber Route Miles	2,099	2,073	2,017
Total Fiber miles (2)	157,008	154,165	146,967

_______________________________________________________


(1)	Wireline’s video service passes approximately 16,500 homes.


(2)	Fiber miles are measured by taking the number of fiber strands in a cable and multiplying that number by the route distance. For example, a 10 mile route with 144 fiber strands would equal 1,440 fiber miles.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017		% of Revenue	$			%
Wireline operating revenues
Service Revenues	$	5,725	30.0	$	5,676	29.0	$	49		0.9
Carrier access and fiber revenues	12,468		65.2	13,038		66.6	(570		)	(4.4	)
Other revenue	919		4.8	862		4.4	57			6.6
Total Wireline operating revenues	19,112		100.0	19,576		100.0	(464		)	(2.4	)
Wireline Operating Expenses
Cost of services	9,373		49.0	9,329		47.7	44			0.5
Costs of goods sold	20		0.1	1		—	19			1,900.0
Selling, general, and administrative	1,686		8.8	1,683		8.6	3			0.2
Depreciation and amortization	3,240		17.0	3,155		16.1	85			2.7
Total Wireline operating expenses	14,319		74.9	14,168		72.4	151			1.1
Wireline operating income (loss)	$	4,793	25.1	$	5,408	27.6	$	(615	)	(11.4	)

Service revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, service revenues were consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Carrier access and fiber revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, carrier access and fiber revenues decreased by approximately $0.6 million, or 4.4%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in carrier access and fiber revenues was primarily attributable to repricing Wireless backhaul circuits to market rates and migrating Wireless voice traffic from traditional circuit-switched facilities to more cost effective Voice Over IP ("VoIP") facilities.

Other revenues

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, other revenue was consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Cost of services

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cost of services was consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Index

Cost of goods sold

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, cost of goods sold was consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Selling, general and administrative

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses were consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization was consistent with the three months ended June 30, 2017.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606, which deferred incremental commission and installation costs over the life of the customer, did not have a significant impact on operating expenses.

Six months ended June 30, 2018 Compared with the Six months ended June 30, 2017



	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands)	2018		% of Revenue	2017		% of Revenue	$			%
Wireline operating revenues
Service Revenues	$	11,615	29.9	$	11,278	29.1	$	337		3.0
Carrier access and fiber revenues	25,322		65.2	25,703		66.4	(381		)	(1.5	)
Other revenue	1,882		4.8	1,749		4.5	133			7.6
Total Wireline operating revenues	38,819		100.0	38,730		100.0	89			0.2
Wireline Operating Expenses
Cost of services	19,175		49.4	18,563		47.9	612			3.3
Costs of goods sold	42		0.1	40		0.1	2			5.0
Selling, general, and administrative	3,403		8.8	3,359		8.7	44			1.3
Depreciation and amortization	6,634		17.1	6,286		16.2	348			5.5
Total Wireline operating expenses	29,254		75.4	28,248		72.9	1,006			3.6
Wireline operating income (loss)	$	9,565	24.6	$	10,482	27.1	$	(917	)	(8.7	)

Service revenue

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, service revenues increased by approximately $0.3 million, or 3.0%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in service revenues was primarily attributable to rate increases for our internet services.

Carrier access and fiber revenue

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, carrier access and fiber revenues decreased by approximately $0.4 million, or 1.5%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in operating revenues was primarily attributable to repricing Wireless backhaul circuits to market rates and migrating Wireless voice traffic from traditional circuit-switched facilities to more cost effective VoIP facilities.

Other revenue

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, other revenues were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Cost of services

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of services increased by approximately $0.6 million, or 3.3%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in costs of services was primarily attributable our expenses incurred necessary to support the growth of our fiber network.

Cost of goods sold

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cost of goods sold were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Index

Selling, general and administrative

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses were consistent with the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Depreciation and amortization

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation and amortization increased by approximately $0.3 million, or 5.5%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily attributable to the expansion of the underlying network assets necessary to support the growth in our fiber network.

The impact of the adoption of Topic 606, which deferred incremental commission and installation costs over the life of the customer, did not have a significant impact on operating expenses.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In managing our business and assessing our financial performance, management supplements the information provided by the financial statement measures prepared in accordance with GAAP with Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA, which are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under SEC rules.

Adjusted OIBDA is defined as operating income (loss) before depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the effects of: certain non-recurring transactions; impairment of assets; gains and losses on asset sales; actuarial gains and losses on pension and other post-retirement benefit plans; and share-based compensation expense, amortization of deferred costs related to the impacts of the adoption of Topic 606, and adjusted to include the benefit received from the waived management fee by Sprint. Continuing OIBDA is defined as Adjusted OIBDA, less the benefit received from the waived management fee by Sprint. Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA should not be construed as an alternative to operating income as determined in accordance with GAAP as a measure of operating performance.

In a capital-intensive industry such as telecommunications, management believes that Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA and the associated percentage margin calculations are meaningful measures of our operating performance. We use Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA as supplemental performance measures because management believes these measures facilitate comparisons of our operating performance from period to period and comparisons of our operating performance to that of our peers and other companies by excluding potential differences caused by the age and book depreciation of fixed assets (affecting relative depreciation expenses) as well as the other items described above for which additional adjustments were made. In the future, management expects that the Company may again report Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA excluding these items and may incur expenses similar to these excluded items. Accordingly, the exclusion of these and other similar items from our non-GAAP presentation should not be interpreted as implying these items are non-recurring, infrequent or unusual.

While depreciation and amortization are considered operating costs under generally accepted accounting principles, these expenses primarily represent the current period allocation of costs associated with long-lived assets acquired or constructed in prior periods, and accordingly may obscure underlying operating trends for some purposes. By isolating the effects of these expenses and other items that vary from period to period without any correlation to our underlying performance, or that vary widely among similar companies, management believes Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance, which are used by management for business planning purposes, and also facilitates comparisons of our performance relative to that of our competitors. In addition, we believe that Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA and similar measures are widely used by investors and financial analysts as measures of our financial performance over time, and to compare our financial performance with that of other companies in our industry.

Index

Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA have limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. These limitations include, but are not limited to, the following:


•	they do not reflect capital expenditures;


•	they do not reflect the impacts of adoption of Topic 606;


•	many of the assets being depreciated and amortized will have to be replaced in the future and Adjusted and Continuing OIBDA do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements;


•	they do not reflect costs associated with share-based awards exchanged for employee services;


•	they do not reflect interest expense necessary to service interest or principal payments on indebtedness;


•	they do not reflect gains, losses or dividends on investments;


•	they do not reflect expenses incurred for the payment of income taxes; and


•	other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted and Continuing OIBDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

In light of these limitations, management considers Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA as a financial performance measure that supplements but does not replace the information reflected in our GAAP results.

The adoption of the new revenue recognition standard did not impact Adjusted OIBDA.

The following tables reconcile Adjusted OIBDA and Continuing OIBDA to operating income, which we consider to be the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure:



Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable		Wireline			Other			Consolidated
Operating Income	$	19,780		$	6,083	$	4,793		$	(11,958	)	$	18,698
Impact of ASC topic 606	(924		)	4		(25		)	—			(945		)
Depreciation and amortization	31,565			6,179		3,240			133			41,117
Share based compensation expense	—			—		—			1,370			1,370
Benefit received from the waived management fee (1)	9,558			—		—			—			9,558
Amortization of intangibles netted in rent expense	93			—		—			—			93
Actuarial (gains) losses on pension plans	—			—		—			(82		)	(82		)
Adjusted OIBDA	60,072			12,266		8,008			(10,537		)	69,809
Waived management fee	(9,558		)	—		—			—			(9,558		)
Continuing OIBDA	$	50,514		$	12,266	$	8,008		$	(10,537	)	$	60,251



Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable			Wireline			Other			Consolidated
Operating Income	$	6,352		$	3,696		$	5,408		$	(7,204	)	$	8,252
Depreciation and amortization	35,551			6,090			3,155			129			44,925
(Gain) loss on asset sales	21			(73		)	(3		)	(1		)	(56		)
Share based compensation expense	364			206			86			193			849
Benefit received from the waived management fee (1)	9,167			—			—			—			9,167
Amortization of intangibles netted in rent expense	334			—			—			—			334
Temporary back office costs to support the billing operations through migration (2)	1,693			—			—			(8		)	1,685
Integration and acquisition related expenses, and other	4,734			—			—			(446		)	4,288
Adjusted OIBDA	58,216			9,919			8,646			(7,337		)	69,444
Waived management fee	(9,167		)	—			—			—			(9,167		)
Continuing OIBDA	$	49,049		$	9,919		$	8,646		$	(7,337	)	$	60,277

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable		Wireline			Other			Consolidated
Operating Income	$	34,641		$	11,610	$	9,565		$	(22,770	)	$	33,046
Impact of ASC topic 606	(1,277		)	115		(62		)	—			(1,224		)
Depreciation and amortization	65,490			12,203		6,634			277			84,604
Share based compensation expense	—			—		—			3,407			3,407
Benefit received from the waived management fee (1)	18,606			—		—			—			18,606
Amortization of intangibles netted in rent expense	175			—		—			—			175
Actuarial (gains) losses on pension plans	—			—		—			(165		)	(165		)
Adjusted OIBDA	117,635			23,928		16,137			(19,251		)	138,449
Waived management fee	(18,606		)	—		—			—			(18,606		)
Continuing OIBDA	$	99,029		$	23,928	$	16,137		$	(19,251	)	$	119,843



Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Wireless			Cable			Wireline		Other			Consolidated
Operating Income	$	15,488		$	6,834		$	10,482	$	(13,879	)	$	18,925
Depreciation and amortization	71,303			11,879			6,286		261			89,729
(Gain) loss on asset sales	15			(96		)	27		(13		)	(67		)
Share based compensation expense	1,085			587			242		504			2,418
Benefit received from the waived management fee (1)	18,107			—			—		—			18,107
Amortization of intangibles netted in rent expense	593			—			—		—			593
Temporary back office costs to support the billing operations through migration (2)	4,286			—			—		—			4,286
Integration and acquisition related expenses, and other	8,770			—			—		251			9,021
Adjusted OIBDA	119,647			19,204			17,037		(12,876		)	143,012
Waived management fee	(18,107		)	—			—		—			(18,107		)
Continuing OIBDA	$	101,540		$	19,204		$	17,037	$	(12,876	)	$	124,905

(1) Under our amended affiliate agreement, Sprint agreed to waive the Management Fees charged on both postpaid and prepaid revenues, up to $4.2 million per month, until the total amount waived reaches approximately $255.6 million, which is expected to occur in 2022.

(2) Represents back office expenses required to support former nTelos subscribers that migrated to the Sprint back office.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash. The Company generated approximately $127.1 million of net cash from operations in the first six months of 2018, an increase from approximately $86.8 million in the first six months of 2017.

Indebtedness. As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s gross indebtedness totaled $812.3 million, with an estimated annualized effective interest rate of 3.90% after considering the impact of the interest rate swap contracts and unamortized loan costs, and is inclusive of the Credit Facility Modification that (a) was effective February 16, 2018 and (b) reduced the base rate of each term loan and the revolving facility by 50 basis points. The balance consisted of the $412.3 million Term Loan A-1 at a variable rate (4.23% as of June 30, 2018) that resets monthly based on one month LIBOR plus a margin of 2.25%, and the $400.0 million Term Loan A-2 at a variable rate (4.48% as of June 30, 2018) that resets monthly based on one month LIBOR plus a margin of 2.50%. The Term Loan A-1 requires quarterly principal repayments of $12.1 million quarterly through June 2020, with further increases at that time through maturity in 2021. The Term Loan A-2 requires quarterly principal repayments of $10.0 million beginning September 30, 2018 through March 31, 2023, with the remaining balance due June 30, 2023.

The Company is subject to certain financial covenants measured on a trailing twelve month basis each calendar quarter unless otherwise specified. These covenants include:


•	a limitation on the Company’s total leverage ratio, defined as indebtedness divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of less than or equal to 3.75 to 1.00 from the closing date through December 30, 2018, then 3.25 to 1.00 through December 30, 2019, and 3.00 to 1.00 thereafter;

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•	a minimum debt service coverage ratio, defined as EBITDA minus certain cash taxes divided by the sum of all scheduled principal payments on the Term Loans and other indebtedness plus cash interest expense, greater than 2.00 to 1.00; and


•	maintain a minimum liquidity balance of greater than $25 million. The balance includes amounts available under the revolver facility plus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on deposit in a deposit account for which a control agreement has been delivered to the administrative agent under the 2016 credit agreement.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants in its credit agreements, and ratios as of June 30, 2018 were as follows:



	Actual	Covenant Requirement
Total Leverage Ratio	2.89	3.75 or Lower
Debt Service Coverage Ratio	3.40	2.00 or Higher
Minimum Liquidity Balance (in thousands)	$139,333	$25 million or Higher

Capital Commitments. Capital expenditures budgeted for 2018 are approximately $163 million, including $103 million in the Wireless segment primarily for upgrades and expansion of the nTelos wireless network. In addition, $29 million is budgeted primarily for cable network expansion including new fiber routes and cable market expansion, $22 million in Wireline projects including fiber builds in Pennsylvania and other areas, and $9 million primarily for IT projects.

The Company spent $62.3 million on capital projects in the first six months of 2018, compared to $68.8 million in the comparable 2017 period. Spending related to Wireless projects accounted for $34.9 million in the first six months of 2018, primarily for upgrades to the recently acquired expansion areas and continued expansion of coverage in the former nTelos territory. Cable capital spending of $14.2 million related to network and cable market expansion. Wireline capital projects cost $9.6 million, driven primarily by fiber builds and increased capacity projects. The remaining $3.6 million of capital expenditures is largely related to information technology projects and fleet vehicles.

We believe that cash on hand, cash flow from operations and borrowings expected to be available under our existing credit facilities will provide sufficient cash to enable us to fund planned capital expenditures, make scheduled principal and interest payments, meet our other cash requirements and maintain compliance with the terms of our financing agreements for at least the next twelve months. There can be no assurance that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that we will be able to maintain our ability to borrow under our credit facilities. Thereafter, capital expenditures will likely be required to continue planned capital upgrades to the acquired wireless network and provide increased capacity to meet our expected growth in demand for our products and services. The actual amount and timing of our future capital requirements may differ materially from our estimate depending on the demand for our products, new market developments and expansion opportunities.

Our cash flows from operations could be adversely affected by events outside our control, including, without limitation, changes in overall economic conditions, regulatory requirements, changes in technologies, demand for our products, availability of labor resources and capital, changes in our relationship with Sprint, and other conditions. The Wireless segment’s operations are dependent upon Sprint’s ability to execute certain functions such as billing, customer care, and collections; our ability to develop and implement successful marketing programs and new products and services; and our ability to effectively and economically manage other operating activities under our agreements with Sprint. Our ability to attract and maintain a sufficient customer base, particularly in the acquired cable markets, is also critical to our ability to maintain a positive cash flow from operations. The foregoing events individually or collectively could affect our results.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. For a more detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies, please refer to our 2017 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently issued accounting standards and their expected impact, if any, are discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company’s market risks relate primarily to changes in interest rates on instruments held for other than trading purposes. The Company’s interest rate risk generally involves two components. The first component is outstanding debt with variable rates. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $812.3 million of gross variable rate debt outstanding, with unamortized loan fees and costs of $12.4 million, bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 3.90% as determined on a quarterly basis. An increase in market interest rates of 1.00% would add approximately $7.8 million to annual interest expense, excluding the effect of the interest rate swap. In May 2016, the Company entered into a pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swap with three counterparties totaling $256.6 of notional principal (subject to change based upon expected draws under the delayed draw term loan and principal payments due under our debt agreements). These swaps, combined with the swap purchased in 2012, cover notional principal equal to approximately 50% of the outstanding variable rate debt through maturity in 2023. The Company is required to pay a combined fixed rate of approximately 1.16% and receive a variable rate based on one month LIBOR (1.98% for June 2018), to manage a portion of its interest rate risk. Changes in the net interest paid or received under the swaps would offset approximately 50% of the change in interest expense on the variable rate debt outstanding. The swap agreements currently reduce annual interest expense by approximately $4.6 million, based on the spread between the fixed rate and the variable rate currently in effect on our debt.

The second component of interest rate risk is marked increases in interest rates that may adversely affect the rate at which the Company may borrow funds for growth in the future. If the Company should borrow additional funds under any Incremental Term Loan Facility to fund its capital investment needs, repayment provisions would be agreed to at the time of each draw under the Incremental Term Loan Facility. If the interest rate margin on any draw exceeds by more than 0.25% the applicable interest rate margin on the Term Loan Facility, the applicable interest rate margin on the Term Loan Facility shall be increased to equal the interest rate margin on the Incremental Term Loan Facility. If interest rates increase generally, or if the rate applied under the Company’s Incremental Term Loan Facility causes the Company’s outstanding debt to be repriced, the Company’s future interest costs could increase.

Management views market risk as having a potentially significant impact on the Company's results of operations, as future results could be adversely affected if interest rates were to increase significantly for an extended period, or if the Company’s need for additional external financing resulted in increases to the interest rates applied to all of its new and existing debt. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has $406.1 million of variable rate debt with no interest rate protection. The Company’s investments in publicly traded stock and bond mutual funds under the rabbi trust, which are subject to market risks and could experience significant swings in market values, are offset by corresponding changes in the liabilities owed to participants in the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. General economic conditions affected by regulatory changes, competition or other external influences may pose a higher risk to the Company’s overall results.

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ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is the principal executive officer, and the Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer, who is the principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, (as defined by Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

As disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, we identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable enhanced controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. As remediation has not yet been completed, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Senior Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures continued to be ineffective as of June 30, 2018.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses, management has concluded that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2018, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to material affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Efforts

Management is continuing to implement the remediation plans as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. We believe that these actions and the improvements we expect to achieve will effectively remediate the material weaknesses. However, these material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the enhanced controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded that these controls are operating effectively.

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PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION


ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors

We discuss in our Annual Report on Form 10-K various risks that may materially affect our business. We use this section to update this discussion to reflect material developments since our Form 10-K was filed. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has not identified any needed updates to the risk factors included in our most recent Form 10-K.


ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchasers

The following table provides information about the Company’s shares surrendered for the settlement of payroll taxes and exercise prices for options as related to equity award vesting and exercise events, during the three months ended June 30, 2018:



	Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share
April 1 to April 30	1,016	$	38.60
May 1 to May 31	3,933	31.42
June 1 to June 30	3,577	32.75
Total	8,526	$	32.99

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ITEM 6.	Exhibits


(a)	The following exhibits are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:



10.50	Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2018, by and among Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and various other lenders named therein.

31.1*	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

31.2*	Certification of Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

32**	Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.

99.1**	Consultant Agreement

(101)	Formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)

	101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document

	101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

	101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

	101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

	101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

	101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith


**	This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), or the Exchange Act.

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EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit No.	Exhibit

10.50	Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2018, by and among Shenandoah Telecommunications Company, as Borrower, CoBank, ACB, ACB, as Administrative Agent, and various other lenders named therein.

31.1*	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

31.2*	Certification of Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

32**	Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. § 1350.

99.1**	Consultant Agreement

(101)	Formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)

	101.INS	XBRL Instance Document

	101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

	101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

	101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

	101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

	101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith


**	This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY



	/s/JAMES F. WOODWARD
	James F. Woodward
	Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer
	Date: August 7, 2018