Edgar Filing: Blue Bird Corp

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



[X]	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2017



[ ]	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ................................ to ...............................................

Commission File Number 001-36267

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		46-3891989
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

402 Blue Bird Boulevard, Fort Valley, Georgia 31030

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(478) 822-2801

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	o		Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	x
			Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No X

As of July 31, 2017, there were issued and outstanding 24,233,924 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value.

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS




PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	2
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).	2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	15
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	27
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	27
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	28
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.	28
Item 1A. Risk Factors.	28
Item 6. Exhibits.	29
SIGNATURES	31

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) of Blue Bird Corporation (“Blue Bird” or the “Company”) contains forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Report to “we,” “us” and “our” are to the consolidated business of the Company. All statements in this Report, including those made by the management of the Company, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s estimates, projections and assumptions as of the date hereof and include the assumptions that underlie such statements. Forward-looking statements may contain words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “seek,” “target,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” and “continue,” the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding the Company’s future financial results, research and development results, regulatory approvals, operating results, business strategies, projected costs, products, competitive positions, management’s plans and objectives for future operations, and industry trends. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for our business. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to:


•	the future financial performance of the Company;


•	changes in the market for Blue Bird products; and


•	expansion plans and opportunities.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Report (or, in the case of forward-looking statements incorporated herein by reference, as of the date of the applicable filed document), and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different than those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Any expectations based on these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and other important factors, including those discussed in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), specifically the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K , filed with the SEC on December 15, 2016. Other risks and uncertainties are and will be disclosed in the Company’s prior and future SEC filings. The following information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on December 15, 2016.

Available Information

We are subject to the reporting and information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as a result are obligated to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. We make these filings available free of charge on our website (http://www.blue-bird.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Information on our website does not constitute part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains our annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy and information statements, and other information we electronically file with, or furnish to, the SEC. Any materials we file with, or furnish to, the SEC may also be read and/or copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)



(in thousands except for share data)	July 1, 2017			October 1, 2016
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	50,311		$	52,309
Accounts receivable, net	34,180			20,315
Inventories	126,602			53,806
Other current assets	12,074			6,104
Total current assets	$	223,167		$	132,534
Property, plant and equipment, net	34,156			33,466
Goodwill	18,825			18,825
Intangible assets, net	57,984			59,491
Equity investment in affiliate	13,455			12,944
Deferred tax assets	18,289			19,080
Other assets	904			1,526
Total assets	$	366,780		$	277,866
Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	135,417		$	80,646
Warranty	8,316			7,972
Accrued expenses	20,976			20,455
Deferred warranty income	6,508			5,666
Other current liabilities	11,138			4,032
Current portion of long-term debt	8,000			11,750
Total current liabilities	$	190,355		$	130,521
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt	$	145,028		$	140,366
Warranty	11,966			11,472
Deferred warranty income	12,022			10,521
Other liabilities	15,131			15,592
Pension	51,910			56,368
Total long-term liabilities	$	236,057		$	234,319
Guarantees, commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' deficit
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 500,000 issued with liquidation preference of $50,000	$	50,000		$	50,000
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 23,730,211 and 22,518,058 issued and outstanding at July 1, 2017 and October 1, 2016, respectively	2			2
Additional paid-in capital	60,760			50,771
Accumulated deficit	(114,599		)	(128,856		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(55,795		)	(58,891		)
Total stockholders' deficit	$	(59,632	)	$	(86,974	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	366,780		$	277,866

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands except for share data)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net sales	$	332,604		$	323,055		$	677,915		$	645,596
Cost of goods sold	287,594			276,247			590,058			554,921
Gross profit	$	45,010		$	46,808		$	87,857		$	90,675
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses	16,331			45,505			53,782			81,329
Operating profit	$	28,679		$	1,303		$	34,075		$	9,346
Interest expense	(1,398		)	(4,040		)	(5,801		)	(12,736		)
Interest income	50			7			63			118
Other (expense) income, net	(11		)	—			13			16
Loss on debt extinguishment	—			—			(10,142		)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,320		$	(2,730	)	$	18,208		$	(3,256	)
Income tax expense	(8,302		)	(887		)	(5,806		)	(2,069		)
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliate	1,036			696			1,997			1,494
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	20,054		$	(2,921	)	$	14,399		$	(3,831	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22		)	(13		)	(142		)	(46		)
Net income (loss)	$	20,032		$	(2,934	)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Defined benefit pension plan, net of tax expense of $566, $419, $1,698, and $1,257, respectively	1,007			777			3,020			2,333
Cash flow hedge (loss) gain, net of tax (benefit) expense of ($13), ($33), $41, and ($149), respectively	(26		)	(60		)	76			(276		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	21,013		$	(2,217	)	$	17,353		$	(1,820	)

Earnings per share:
Net income (loss) (from above)	$	20,032		$	(2,934	)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Less: preferred stock dividends	974			964			2,944			2,915
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders	$	19,058		$	(3,898	)	$	11,313		$	(6,792	)

Basic weighted average shares outstanding	23,659,057			21,084,878			23,101,685			20,989,737
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	29,527,612			21,084,878			24,654,158			20,989,737

Basic earnings (loss) per share, continuing operations	$	0.81		$	(0.18	)	$	0.50		$	(0.32	)
Basic earnings (loss) per share, discontinued operations	—			—			(0.01		)	—
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.81		$	(0.18	)	$	0.49		$	(0.32	)

Diluted earnings (loss) per share, continuing operations	$	0.68		$	(0.18	)	$	0.46		$	(0.32	)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share, discontinued operations	—			—			—			—
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.68		$	(0.18	)	$	0.46		$	(0.32	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	142			46
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by continuing operations
Depreciation and amortization	6,106			6,025
Amortization of debt costs	912			2,232
Share-based compensation	904			12,717
Unfunded portion of Phantom Equity Plan	—			1,355
Equity in net income of affiliate	(1,997		)	(1,494		)
(Gain) loss on disposal of fixed assets	(43		)	29
Deferred taxes	(874		)	8,461
Provision for bad debt	—			(5		)
Amortization of deferred actuarial pension losses	4,718			3,590
Loss on debt extinguishment	10,142			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(13,701		)	(6,003		)
Inventories	(72,796		)	(52,232		)
Other assets	(5,941		)	(6,055		)
Accounts payable	56,671			50,332
Accrued expenses, pension and other liabilities	6,060			3,870
Dividend from equity investment in affiliate	1,412			2,316
Total adjustments	$	(8,427	)	$	25,138
Net cash provided by continuing operations	$	5,972		$	21,307
Net cash used in discontinued operations	(221		)	(46		)
Total cash provided by operating activities	$	5,751		$	21,261
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash paid for fixed assets	(7,193		)	(6,511		)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	47			—
Total cash used in investing activities	$	(7,146	)	$	(6,511	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments under the former senior term loan	$	(161,500	)	$	(33,812	)
Borrowings under the new term loan	156,887			—
Repayments under the new term loan	(4,000		)	—
Cash paid for capital leases	(117		)	(168		)
Cash paid for debt issuance costs	(299		)	(1,117		)
Cash paid to extinguish debt	(507		)	—
Contributions from former majority stockholder	—			15,616
Payment of dividends on preferred stock	(2,944		)	(1,917		)
Cash paid for employee taxes on stock option exercises and vested restricted shares	(981		)	(3,511		)
Proceeds from exercises of warrants	12,858			—
Total cash used in financing activities	$	(603	)	$	(24,909	)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(1,998		)	(10,159		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	52,309			52,861
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	50,311		$	42,702



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest paid, net of interest received	4,775		9,411
Income tax paid, net of tax refunds	1,318		1,073
Non-cash Investing and Financing activities
Capital expenditures funded by capital lease borrowings	—		100
Change in accounts payable for capital additions to property, plant and equipment	(1,900	)	(220	)
Common stock dividend on Series A preferred stock (market value of common shares)	—		998
Cashless exercise of stock options	4,124		—
Cash receivable for warrant exercises	164		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

BLUE BIRD CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

On February 24, 2015, Hennessy Capital Acquisition Corp. ("HCAC") consummated its business combination (the “Business Combination”), pursuant to which HCAC acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of School Bus Holdings, Inc. (“SBH”) from The Traxis Group B.V. (the “Seller” or "Traxis"). SBH operates its business of designing and manufacturing school buses through subsidiaries and under the Blue Bird Corporation (“Blue Bird”) name. In the Business Combination, the total purchase price was paid in a combination of cash ($100 million) and in shares of HCAC’s Common Stock (12,000,000 shares valued at a total of $120 million). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name from Hennessy Capital Acquisition Corp. to Blue Bird Corporation. Upon consummation of the Business Combination, SBH became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Bird Corporation and SBH’s direct and indirect subsidiaries became indirect subsidiaries of our parent corporation.

Pursuant to, and subject to the terms of, a Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2016 (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and among Traxis, ASP BB Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ASP”), and the Company, Traxis agreed to sell and ASP agreed to purchase all of the 12,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 (the “Common Stock”), of the Company owned by Traxis (the “Transaction Shares”). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, ASP acquired 7,000,000 Transaction Shares at an initial closing on June 3, 2016 for an amount in cash equal to $10.10 per share and 5,000,000 Transaction Shares at a second closing on June 8, 2016 for an amount in cash equal to $11.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $125.7 million. There were no proceeds to the Company from this transaction. The sale of Transaction Shares triggered a phantom equity compensation payment. This payment was primarily funded by Traxis and not by the Company.

Blue Bird Body Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blue Bird, was incorporated in 1958 and has manufactured, assembled and sold school buses to a variety of municipal, federal and commercial customers since 1927. The majority of Blue Bird’s sales are made to an independent distributor network, which in turn sells buses to ultimate end users. We are headquartered in Fort Valley, Georgia. References in these notes to financial statements to “Blue Bird”, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Blue Bird Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context specifically indicates otherwise.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial reporting and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30 with its quarters consisting of thirteen weeks in most years. In fiscal year 2017, there are a total of 52 weeks. For fiscal years 2017 and 2016, the third quarters both included 13 weeks and the nine months ended both included 39 weeks.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial results have been made. Such adjustments consist of only those of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of October 1, 2016 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. For additional information, including the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2016 as set forth in the Company's 2016 Form 10-K filed on December 15, 2016.

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, since immediately following completion of the transaction, the sole stockholder of SBH immediately prior to the Business Combination maintained effective control of Blue Bird Corporation, the post-combination company. For accounting purposes, SBH is deemed the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction is treated as a recapitalization of SBH (i.e., a capital transaction involving the issuance of stock and payment of cash by HCAC for the stock of SBH). Accordingly, the consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations of SBH are the historical financial statements of Blue Bird Corporation, and HCAC assets, liabilities and results of operations are consolidated with SBH beginning on the acquisition date. No step-up in basis of intangible assets or goodwill was recorded in this transaction. We have effected this treatment through opening stockholders' deficit by adjusting the number of our common shares outstanding. Other than transaction costs paid and a contribution from our majority stockholder for payment of management incentive compensation related to the transaction, the transaction was primarily non-cash and involved exchanges of consideration and equity between our majority stockholder and HCAC and its related entities.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. At the date of the financial statements, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and during the reporting period, these estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. For example, significant management judgments are required in determining excess, obsolete, or unsalable inventory, allowance for doubtful accounts, potential impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangibles, the accounting for self-insurance reserves, warranty reserves, pension obligations, income taxes, environmental liabilities and contingencies. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, and, accordingly, the Company’s accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. The Company evaluates and updates its assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in the Company’s evaluations. Actual results could differ from the estimates that the Company has used.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Standards

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on December 15, 2016. Our senior management has reviewed these significant accounting policies and related disclosures and determined that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies in the nine months ended July 1, 2017.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

ASU 2015-17 — In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which simplifies the presentation of deferred taxes by requiring deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. The standard is effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively and early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this standard on a retrospective basis in the first quarter of fiscal 2017, and reclassified $7.6 million of current deferred tax assets to long-term deferred tax assets, resulting in a total of $19.1 million of long-term deferred tax assets at October 1, 2016, compared to the prior presentation of $11.5 million. All future deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recorded as long-term.

3. Supplemental Financial Information

Inventory

The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or market value. The Company uses a standard costing methodology, which approximates cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company reviews the standard costs of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventory on a periodic basis to ensure that its inventories approximate current actual costs. Manufacturing cost includes raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. The following table presents the components of inventory at the dates indicated:



(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		October 1, 2016
Raw materials	$	71,718	$	40,940
Work in process	39,008		10,011
Finished goods	15,876		2,855
Total inventory	$	126,602	$	53,806

Product Warranties

The Company’s products are generally warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one to five years. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded at the time the unit is sold. The methodology to determine warranty reserve calculates average expected warranty claims using warranty claims by body type, by month, over the life of the bus, which is then multiplied by remaining months under warranty, by warranty type. Management believes the methodology provides an accurate reserve estimate. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring future adjustments.

The following table reflects activity in accrued warranty cost (current and long-term portion combined) for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	18,612		$	16,768		$	19,444		$	17,661
Add current period accruals	3,775			3,691			7,555			7,195
Current period reductions of accrual	(2,105		)	(1,956		)	(6,717		)	(6,353		)
Balance at end of period	$	20,282		$	18,503		$	20,282		$	18,503

The Company also sells extended warranties related to its products. Revenue related to these contracts is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period and costs thereunder are expensed as incurred. All warranty expenses are recorded in the cost of goods sold line in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The methodology to determine the short-term extended warranty income reserve is based on twelve months of the remaining warranty value for each effective extended warranty at the balance sheet date.

The following table reflects activity in deferred warranty income (current and long-term portions combined), for the sale of extended warranties of two to five years, for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	16,654		$	14,060		$	16,187		$	14,145
Add current period deferred income	3,396			2,952			6,769			5,446
Current period recognition of income	(1,520		)	(1,261		)	(4,426		)	(3,840		)
Balance at end of period	$	18,530		$	15,751		$	18,530		$	15,751

Self-Insurance

The following table reflects our total accrued self-insurance liability, comprised of workers compensation and health insurance related claims, at the dates indicated:



(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		October 1, 2016
Current portion	$	3,167	$	3,679
Long-term portion	2,396		2,786
Total accrued self-insurance	$	5,563	$	6,465

The current and long-term portions of the accrued self-insurance liability are reflected in accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Shipping and Handling Revenues

Shipping and handling revenues represent costs billed to customers and are included in net sales. Shipping and handling costs incurred are included in cost of goods sold. Shipping and handling revenues were $6.6 million and $6.2 million for the three months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively, and $12.8 million and $11.5 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively. The related cost of goods sold was $6.0 million and $5.7 million for the three months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively, and $11.3 million and $10.1 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively.

Pension Expense

Components of net periodic pension benefit cost were as follows for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Interest cost	$	1,266		$	1,411		$	3,797		$	4,232
Expected return on plan assets	(1,590		)	(1,528		)	(4,769		)	(4,584		)
Amortization of prior loss	1,573			1,196			4,718			3,590
Net periodic benefit cost	$	1,249		$	1,079		$	3,746		$	3,238
Amortization of prior loss, recognized in other comprehensive income	1,573			1,196			4,718			3,590
Total recognized in net periodic pension benefit cost and other comprehensive income	$	(324	)	$	(117	)	$	(972	)	$	(352	)

Warrants

At July 1, 2017, there were a total of 7,180,466 warrants outstanding to purchase 3,590,233 shares of our Common Stock.

4. Debt

On December 12, 2016, Blue Bird Body Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed a $235.0 million five-year credit agreement provided by Bank of Montreal, which acts as the administrative agent and an issuing bank, Fifth Third Bank, as co-syndication agent and an issuing bank, and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agent, together with other lenders (the "Credit Agreement").

The credit facility provided for under the Credit Agreement consists of a term loan facility in an aggregate initial principal amount of $160.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments of $75.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a $15.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $5.0 million swingline sub-facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term Loan Facility, each a “Credit Facility” and collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). As a result of the Credit Agreement, we incurred $3.3 million of debt discount and issuance costs, which have been recorded as contra-debt and will be amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement using the effective interest method. Proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were used to fully extinguish our previous credit agreement with Societe Generale. In connection with the extinguishment, we recorded a $10.1 million loss, which was the difference in the reacquisition price of the extinguished debt and the net carrying value at extinguishment. The loss includes the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs recorded as a reduction of the prior debt, unamortized issuance costs associated with the previous revolving credit facility recorded in other assets, as well as interest and legal fees incurred to extinguish the prior debt.

The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility is (i) from the Closing Date until April 1, 2017, an election of either base rate plus 1 point or LIBOR plus 2 points and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ending on April 1, 2017 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined below) of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:



Level	Total Net Leverage Ratio	ABR Loans	Eurodollar Loans
I	Less than 2.00x	0.75%	1.75%
II	Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x	1.00%	2.00%
III	Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x	1.25%	2.25%
IV	Greater than or equal to 3.00x	1.50%	2.50%

Debt consisted of the following at the dates indicated:



(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		October 1, 2016
2021 term loan, net of deferred financing costs of $2,972	$	153,028	$	—
2020 term loan, net of deferred financing costs of $9,384	—		152,116
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	8,000		11,750
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	145,028	$	140,366

Term loans are recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the unpaid principal balance, and are not subject to fair value measurement; however, given the variable rates on the loans, the Company estimates that the unpaid principal balance approximates fair value. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, the term loans would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. At July 1, 2017 and October 1, 2016, $156.0 million and $161.5 million, respectively, were outstanding on the term loans.

At July 1, 2017 and October 1, 2016, the stated interest rates on the term loans were 2.8% and 6.5%, respectively. At July 1, 2017 and October 1, 2016, the weighted-average annual effective interest rates for the term loans were 4.8% and 8.3%, respectively, which included amortization of the deferred financing costs.

No borrowings were outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility at July 1, 2017, however, since there were $5.1 million of Letters of Credit outstanding on July 1, 2017, the Company would have been able to borrow $69.9 million on the revolving line of credit.

Interest expense on all indebtedness was $1.4 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively, and $5.8 million and $12.7 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016, respectively.

The schedules of remaining principal maturities for the term loan for the next five fiscal years are as follows:



(in thousands of dollars)
Year	Principal Payments
2017	$	2,000
2018	8,000
2019	8,000
2020	11,000
2021	15,000
Thereafter	112,000
Total remaining principal payments	$	156,000

5. Income Taxes

Income tax provisions for interim periods are based on estimated annual income tax rates, adjusted to reflect the effects of any significant infrequent or unusual items which are required to be discretely recognized within the current interim period. The effective tax rates in the periods presented are largely based upon the forecast pre-tax earnings mix and allocation of certain expenses in various taxing jurisdictions where the Company conducts its business, primarily the United States.

The effective tax rate for the three month period ended July 1, 2017 was 30.4%, which differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% due mainly to tax rate benefit items such as the domestic production activities deduction, foreign tax credits, and stock option deductions in excess of recorded expense. These benefits were partially offset by discrete expense items, the largest being interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions. The effective tax rate for the three month period ended July 2, 2016 was (32.5)% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%, primarily from discrete items in the period, including interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions and a net tax shortfall from the vesting of share-based compensation awards pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, which were partially offset by the benefit from operating losses in the period.

The effective tax rate for the nine month period ended July 1, 2017 was 31.9% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily from tax rate benefit items such as the domestic production activities deduction, foreign tax credits, and stock option deductions in excess of recorded expense. These benefits were partially offset by discrete expense items, the largest being interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions. The effective tax rate for the nine month period ended July 2, 2016 was (63.5)% and differed from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%, primarily from discrete items increasing tax expense in the year to date period, including a change in investor tax on our non-consolidated affiliate income, the application of tax credits claimed as offsets against our payroll tax liabilities, interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions, the vesting of share-based compensation awards pursuant to the adoption of

ASU 2016-09, which were partially offset by recording the impact of new tax legislation and by the benefit from operating losses in the period.

6. Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

At July 1, 2017, the Company had a number of product liability and other cases pending. Management believes that, considering the Company’s insurance coverage and its intention to vigorously defend its positions, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Environmental

The Company is subject to a variety of environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials used in its manufacturing processes. Failure by the Company to comply with present and future regulations could subject it to future liabilities. In addition, such regulations could require the Company to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations. The Company is currently not involved in any material environmental proceedings and therefore management believes that the resolution of environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

7. Segment Information

We manage our business in two operating segments, which are also our reportable segments. The Bus segment includes the manufacturing and assembly of buses to be sold to a variety of customers across the United States, Canada and in international markets. The Parts segment consists primarily of the purchase of parts from third parties to be sold to dealers within the Company’s network. Financial information is reported on the basis that it is used internally by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) in evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company has been identified as the CODM. Management evaluates the segments based primarily upon revenues and gross profit. A measure of assets is not applicable, as segment assets are not regularly reviewed by the CODM for evaluating performance or allocating resources. The tables below present segment net sales and gross profit for the periods presented:

Net sales



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016		July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
Bus	$	317,333	$	309,432	$	633,499	$	604,832
Parts	15,271		13,623		44,416		40,764
Segment net sales	$	332,604	$	323,055	$	677,915	$	645,596

Gross profit



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016		July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
Bus	$	39,843	$	41,594	$	72,234	$	75,108
Parts	5,167		5,214		15,623		15,567
Segment gross profit	$	45,010	$	46,808	$	87,857	$	90,675

The following table is a reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Segment gross profit	$	45,010		$	46,808		$	87,857		$	90,675
Adjustments:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(16,331		)	(45,505		)	(53,782		)	(81,329		)
Interest expense	(1,398		)	(4,040		)	(5,801		)	(12,736		)
Interest income	50			7			63			118
Other income, net	(11		)	—			13			16
Loss on debt extinguishment	—			—			(10,142		)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,320		$	(2,730	)	$	18,208		$	(3,256	)

Sales are attributable to geographic areas based on customer location and were as follows for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016		July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
United States	$	291,672	$	298,532	$	608,350	$	591,549
Canada	40,550		21,642		66,535		46,261
Rest of world	382		2,881		3,030		7,786
Total net sales	$	332,604	$	323,055	$	677,915	$	645,596

8. Foreign Exchange Contracts

The Company enters into foreign exchange swaps as economic hedges of anticipated cash flows denominated in Canadian Dollars. The contracts are entered into to protect against the risk that the eventual cash flows resulting from certain transactions would be affected by changes in exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Canadian Dollar. At July 1, 2017, the Company had seven foreign exchange swap contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $15.6 million. The foreign exchange contracts qualify for hedge accounting and have been designated as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments recorded in other comprehensive income until the underlying transactions occur. Once the anticipated transactions occur, the gain or loss on the swaps is recorded in current period earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The fair value of the foreign exchange contracts is based on the forward contract rates, which classifies as a Level 2 fair value measurement. At July 1, 2017, the fair value of all foreign exchange contracts was $0.1 million and included in "other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At October 1, 2016, the fair value of the foreign exchange contracts was $(0.2) million and included in "other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The table below presents the effect of the Company's cash flow hedges for the periods presented:



(in thousands of dollars)		Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
Foreign Exchange Contracts	Location	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in income on derivatives (effective portion)	OCI	$	(39	)	$	(93	)	$	344		$	(425	)
Amount of loss (gain) reclassified from AOCI into income (effective portion)	Other expense	—			—			(227		)	—
Total amount recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income		$	(39	)	$	(93	)	$	117		$	(425	)

All amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months.

9. Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the earnings per share computation for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands except for share data)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016			July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	20,032		$	(2,934	)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Less: Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22		)	(13		)	(142		)	(46		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax	20,054			(2,921		)	14,399			(3,831		)
Less: convertible preferred stock dividends	974			964			2,944			2,915
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to common stockholders, net of tax	$	19,080		$	(3,885	)	$	11,455		$	(6,746	)

Basic earnings per share (1):
Weighted average common shares outstanding	23,659,057			21,084,878			23,101,685			20,989,737
Basic earnings per share, continuing operations	0.81			(0.18		)	0.50			(0.32		)
Basic earnings per share, discontinued operations	—			—			(0.01		)	—
Basic earnings per share	$	0.81		$	(0.18	)	$	0.49		$	(0.32	)

Diluted earnings per share (2):
Weighted average common shares outstanding	23,659,057			21,084,878			23,101,685			20,989,737
Weighted average dilutive securities, convertible preferred stock	4,314,064			—			—			—
Weighted average dilutive securities, restricted stock	2,383			—			484			—
Weighted average dilutive securities, warrants	1,326,916			—			1,314,161			—
Weighted average dilutive securities, stock options	225,192			—			237,828			—
Weighted average shares and dilutive potential common shares	29,527,612			21,084,878			24,654,158			20,989,737
Diluted earnings per share, continuing operations	0.68			(0.18		)	0.46			(0.32		)
Diluted earnings per share, discontinued operations	—			—			—			—
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.68		$	(0.18	)	$	0.46		$	(0.32	)

(1) Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to common stockholders from continuing operations, discontinued operations, and net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period.

(2) Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding during the period, determined by using the treasury-stock method, and adjusting for the dilutive effect of our convertible preferred stock, determined by using the if-converted method. For the nine months ended July 1, 2017, 4,314,064 shares of convertible preferred stock were excluded from the dilutive calculation as the if-converted impact would be anti-dilutive. We incurred a net loss for the three and nine months ended July 2, 2016. As a result, basic and diluted shares outstanding are equal to each other for those periods due to the exclusion of potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of earnings per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended July 2, 2016, potentially dilutive shares excluded from the calculation were 4,417,141 and 4,356,032, respectively.

10. Share-Based Compensation

Restricted Stock Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") award activity for the period presented:



	Nine Months Ended July 1, 2017
Restricted Stock Activity	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance, beginning of period	—	$	—
Granted	77,451	15.82
Balance, end of period	77,451	15.82

Compensation expense for restricted stock awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), was $0.4 million and $0.6 million with associated tax benefits of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended July 1, 2017, respectively. At July 1, 2017, unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards totaled $0.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of seven months.

Stock Option Awards

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the period presented:



	Nine Months Ended July 1, 2017
Stock Option Award Activity	Number of Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share ($)
Outstanding options, beginning of period	918,749		$	10.08
Granted	133,484		15.50
Exercised (1)	(409,044	)	10.08
Outstanding options, end of period (2)	643,189		11.20
Fully vested and exercisable options, end of period (3)	509,705		10.07

(1) Stock options exercised in the period had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling $2.2 million.

(2) Stock options outstanding at the end of the period had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling $3.7 million.

(3) Fully vested and exercisable options at the end of the period had an aggregate intrinsic value totaling $3.5 million with a weighted average contractual remaining term of 7.8 years.

Compensation expense for stock option awards, recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), was $0.1 million and $0.3 million with associated tax benefits of $0.0 million and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended July 1, 2017, respectively. At July 1, 2017, unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards totaled $0.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of six months.

The fair value of each option award at grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions and resulting grant-date fair value during the period presented:



	Nine Months Ended July 1, 2017
Expected volatility	33.7		%
Expected dividend yield	0		%
Risk-free interest rate	1.94		%
Expected term (in years)	5.5
Weighted-average grant-date fair value	$	5.35

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited financial statements for the three and nine months ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016 and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Report. Our actual results may not be indicative of future performance. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed or incorporated by reference in the sections of this Report titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors”. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Certain monetary amounts, percentages and other figures included in this Report have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them, and figures expressed as percentages in the text may not total 100% or, as applicable, when aggregated, may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the percentages that precede them.

We refer to the fiscal year ended October 1, 2016 as “fiscal 2016”. We refer to the quarter ended July 1, 2017 as the “third quarter of fiscal 2017” and we refer to the quarter ended July 2, 2016 as the “third quarter of fiscal 2016”. There were 13 weeks in the third quarters of both fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016.

Introductory Note

On February 24, 2015, the Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”), pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of School Bus Holdings Inc. (“School Bus Holdings” or “SBH”) from The Traxis Group, B.V. (the “Seller”), in accordance with the purchase agreement, dated as of September 21, 2014, by and among the Company, the Seller and, solely for purposes of Section 10.01(a) thereof, Hennessy Capital Partners I LLC (the “HCAC Sponsor”), as amended on February 10, 2015 and February 18, 2015 (as so amended, the “Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the total purchase price was paid in a combination of cash in the amount of $100.0 million and 12,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock valued at $120.0 million.

In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from Hennessy Capital Acquisition Corp. to Blue Bird Corporation. Unless expressly stated otherwise in this Report, Blue Bird Corporation shall be referred to as “Blue Bird” or the “Company,” and includes its consolidated subsidiaries.

Pursuant to, and subject to the terms of, a Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of May 26, 2016 (the “Purchase and Sale Agreement”), by and among Seller, ASP BB Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ASP”), and the Company, Seller agreed to sell and ASP agreed to purchase all of the 12,000,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company owned by Seller (the “Transaction Shares”). Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Purchase and Sale Agreement, ASP acquired 7,000,000 Transaction Shares at an initial closing on June 3, 2016 for an amount in cash equal to $10.10 per share and 5,000,000 Transaction Shares at a second closing on June 8, 2016 for an amount in cash equal to $11.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $125.7 million. There were no proceeds to the Company from this transaction. The sale of Transaction Shares triggered a phantom equity compensation payment which was primarily funded by Seller and not by the Company.

Executive Overview

Blue Bird is the leading independent designer and manufacturer of school buses. Our longevity and reputation in the school bus industry have made Blue Bird an iconic American brand. We distinguish ourselves from our principal competitors by dedicating our focus to the design, engineering, manufacture and sale of school buses and related parts. As the only principal manufacturer of chassis and body production specifically designed for school bus applications, Blue Bird is recognized as an industry leader for school bus innovation, safety, product quality/reliability/durability, efficiency, and lower operating costs. In addition, Blue Bird is the market leader in alternative diesel fuel applications with its propane-powered, gasoline-powered, and compressed natural gas (“CNG”)-powered school buses.

Blue Bird sells its buses and aftermarket parts through an extensive network of United States and Canadian dealers that, in their territories, are exclusive to Blue Bird on Type C and D school buses. Blue Bird also sells directly to major fleet operators, the United States government, state governments and authorized dealers in a number of foreign countries.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Blue Bird evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates.

The Company’s accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described in the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on December 15, 2016 under the caption “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,” which description is incorporated herein by reference. Our senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures and determined that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended July 1, 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See discussion in Note 2 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for a discussion of new and recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Factors Affecting Our Revenues

Our revenues are driven primarily by the following factors:


•	Property tax revenues. Property tax revenues are one of the major sources of funding for new school buses. Property tax revenues are a function of land and building prices, relying on assessments of property value by state or county assessors and millage rates voted by the local electorate.


•	Student enrollment. Increases or decreases in the number of school bus riders have a direct impact on school district demand.


•	Revenue mix. We are able to charge more for certain of our products (e.g., Type C propane-powered school buses, Type D buses and buses with higher option content) than other products. The mix of products sold in any fiscal period can directly impact our revenues for the period.

•

Strength of the dealer network. We rely on our dealers, as well as a small number of major fleet operators, to be the direct point of contact with school districts and their purchasing agents. An effective dealer is capable of expanding revenues within a given school district by matching that district’s needs to our capabilities, offering options that would not otherwise be provided to the district.

•

Pricing. Our products are sold to school districts throughout the United States and Canada. Each state and each Canadian province has its own set of regulations that govern the purchase of products, including school buses, by their school districts. We and our dealers must navigate these regulations, purchasing procedures and the districts’ specifications in order to reach mutually acceptable price terms. Pricing may or may not be favorable to us, depending upon a number of factors impacting purchasing decisions.

•

Buying patterns of major fleets. Major fleets regularly compete against one another for existing accounts. Fleets are also continuously trying to win the business of school districts that operate their own transportation services. These activities can have either a positive or negative impact on our sales, depending on the brand preference of the fleet that wins the business. Major fleets also periodically review their fleet sizes and replacement patterns due to funding availability as well as the profitability of existing routes. These actions can impact total purchases by fleets in a given year.

•

Seasonality. Our sales are subject to seasonal variation based on the school calendar. The peak season has historically been during our third and fourth fiscal quarters. Sales during the third and fourth fiscal quarters are typically greater than the first and second fiscal quarters due to the desire of municipalities to have any new buses that they order available to them at the beginning of the new school year. There are, however, variations in the seasonal demands from year to year depending in large part upon municipal budgets, distinct replacement cycles and student enrollment. This seasonality and annual variations of this seasonality could impact the ability to compare results between fiscal periods.

Factors Affecting Our Expenses and Other Items

Our expenses and other line items in our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) are principally driven by the following factors:

•

Cost of goods sold. The components of our cost of goods sold consist of material costs (principally powertrain components, steel and rubber, as well as aluminum and copper), labor expense and overhead. Our cost of goods sold may vary from period to period in part due to changes in sales volume and in part due to efforts by certain suppliers to pass through the economics associated with key commodities, design changes with respect to specific components, design changes with respect to specific bus models, wage increases for plant labor, the productivity of plant labor, delays in receiving materials and other logistical problems and the impact of overhead items such as utilities.

•

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Our selling, general and administrative expenses include costs associated with our selling and marketing efforts, engineering, centralized finance, human resources, purchasing and information technology services, as well as other administrative matters and functions. In most instances, other than direct costs associated with sales and marketing programs, the principal component of these costs is salary expense. Changes from period to period are typically driven by the number of our employees, as well as by merit increases provided to experienced personnel.

•

Regulatory expenses. We must comply with laws, regulations and requirements for public companies, including certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related SEC regulations, as well as NASDAQ listing requirements. Compliance with the requirements of being a public company increases operating expenses in order to pay employees, legal counsel and accountants to assist us in, among other things, external reporting, instituting and monitoring a more comprehensive compliance and board governance function, establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and preparing and distributing periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws.

•

Interest expense. Our interest expense relates to costs associated with our debt instruments and reflects both the amount of indebtedness and the interest rate that we are required to pay on our debt. In December 2016, we entered into a new $160.0 million first lien credit agreement and a new $75.0 million revolving credit agreement. Proceeds from the agreement were used to fully extinguish our prior debt obligations.


•	Income taxes. We make estimates of the amounts to recognize for income taxes in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. In addition, provisions are established for withholding taxes related to the transfer of cash between jurisdictions and for uncertain tax positions taken.


•	Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliate. We include in this line item our share of income or loss from our investment in Micro Bird, our unconsolidated 50/50 Canadian joint venture.

Key Non-GAAP Financial Measures We Use to Evaluate Our Performance

This filing includes the following non-GAAP financial measures “Adjusted EBITDA”, “Adjusted EBITDA Margin”, and “Free Cash Flow” because management views these metrics as a useful way to look at the performance of our operations between periods and to exclude decisions on capital investment and financing that might otherwise impact the review of profitability of the business based on present market conditions.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income from continuing operations prior to interest income, interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation, amortization, and disposals, as adjusted to add back certain charges that we may record each year, such as stock-compensation expense and transaction costs, as these expenses are not considered an indicator of ongoing company performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of performance defined in accordance with GAAP. The measures are used as a supplement to GAAP results in evaluating certain aspects of our business, as described below.

We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are useful to investors in evaluating our performance because the measures consider the performance of our operations, excluding decisions made with respect to capital investment, financing, and other expenses. We believe that the non-GAAP metrics offer additional financial metrics that, when coupled with the GAAP results and the reconciliation to GAAP results, provide a more complete understanding of our results of operations and the factors and trends affecting our business.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin should not be considered as alternatives to net income as an indicator of our performance or as alternatives to any other measure prescribed by GAAP as there are limitations to using such non-GAAP measures. Although we

believe the non-GAAP measures may enhance the evaluation of our operating performance based on recent revenue generation and product/overhead cost control because they exclude the impact of prior decisions made about capital investment, financing, and other expenses, (i) other companies in Blue Bird’s industry may define Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin differently than we do and, as a result, they may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in Blue Bird’s industry, and (ii) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin exclude certain financial information that some may consider important in evaluating our performance.

We compensate for these limitations by providing disclosure of the differences between Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin and GAAP results, including providing a reconciliation to GAAP results, to enable investors to perform their own analysis of our operating results.

Our measure of “Free Cash Flow” is used in addition to and in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP and free cash flow should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. Free cash flow reflects an additional way of viewing our liquidity that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our cash flows. We strongly encourage investors to review our financial statements and publicly-filed reports in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.

We define free cash flow as net cash provided by/used in continuing operations minus cash paid for fixed assets. We use free cash flow, and ratios based on the free cash flow, to conduct and evaluate our business because, although it is similar to cash flow from operations, we believe it is a more conservative measure of cash flow since purchases of fixed assets and intangible assets are a necessary component of ongoing operations. In limited circumstances in which proceeds from sales of fixed or intangible assets exceed purchases, free cash flow would exceed cash flow from operations. However, since we do not anticipate being a net seller of fixed or intangible assets, we expect free cash flow to be less than operating cash flows.

Our Segments

We manage our business in two operating segments, which are also our reportable segments: (i) the Bus segment, which involves the design, engineering, manufacture and sales of school buses and extended warranties; and (ii) the Parts segment, which includes the sales of replacement bus parts. Financial information is reported on the basis that it is used internally by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company has been identified as the CODM. Management evaluates the segments based primarily upon revenues and gross profit.

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016:



	Three Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net sales	$	332,604		$	323,055
Cost of goods sold	287,594			276,247
Gross profit	$	45,010		$	46,808
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses	16,331			45,505
Operating profit	$	28,679		$	1,303
Interest expense	(1,398		)	(4,040		)
Interest income	50			7
Other expense, net	(11		)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,320		$	(2,730	)
Income tax expense	(8,302		)	(887		)
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliate	1,036			696
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	20,054		$	(2,921	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22		)	(13		)
Net income (loss)	$	20,032		$	(2,934	)
Other financial data:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	32,206		$	32,484
Adjusted EBITDA margin	9.7		%	10.1		%

The following provides the results of operations of Blue Bird’s two reportable segments:



(in thousands of dollars)	Three Months Ended
Net Sales by Segment	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
Bus	$	317,333	$	309,432
Parts	15,271		13,623
Total	$	332,604	$	323,055

Gross Profit by Segment
Bus	$	39,843	$	41,594
Parts	5,167		5,214
Total	$	45,010	$	46,808

Net sales. Total net sales were $332.6 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, an increase of $9.5 million, or 3.0%, compared to $323.1 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2016, reflecting an increase in units booked, which were 3,849 units for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 compared to 3,768 units for the third quarter of fiscal 2016.

For the bus segment, the average net sales price per unit for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 was 0.4% higher than the price per unit for the third quarter of fiscal 2016. This increase in unit price mainly reflects product and customer mix changes.

Parts sales increased $1.6 million, or 12.1%, for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2016, primarily due to the expansion of product offerings as well as new incentive and shipping programs launched in 2017.

Cost of goods sold. Total cost of goods sold was $287.6 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, an increase of $11.3 million, or 4.1%, compared to $276.2 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2016, reflecting increased bus segment cost of goods sold totaling $9.7 million, or 3.6%, and increased parts segment cost of goods sold totaling $1.7 million, or 20.2%. As a percentage of net sales, total cost of goods sold increased from 85.5% to 86.5%.

For the bus segment, the average cost of goods sold per unit for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 was higher compared to the average cost of goods sold per unit for the third quarter of fiscal 2016.

The $1.7 million increase in parts segment cost of goods sold for the third quarter of fiscal 2017 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2016 was primarily attributed to increased parts sales volume.

Operating profit. Operating profit was $28.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, an increase of $27.4 million, compared to an operating profit of $1.3 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2016. Profitability was positively impacted by a decrease of $29.2 million in selling, general and administrative expenses, which was partially offset by a decrease of $1.8 million in gross profit. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the third quarter of fiscal 2016 included expenses incurred from the change in control of our former majority stockholder, of which $17.1 million was a non-recurring special compensation expense and $9.8 million more share-based compensation expense primarily due to an accelerated vesting of awards as a result of the change in control.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $1.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, a decrease of $2.6 million, or 65.4%, compared to $4.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2016. The decrease was primarily attributed to lower average borrowing levels as well as a decrease in the interest rate resulting from the new credit facility we entered into in December 2016.

Income taxes. Income tax expense was $8.3 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, compared to income tax expense of $0.9 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2016.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA was $32.2 million, or 9.7% of net sales, for the third quarter of fiscal 2017, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 0.9%, compared to $32.5 million, or 10.1% of net sales, for the third quarter of fiscal 2016. The decrease in adjusted EBITDA was primarily the result of decreased gross profit.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net income (loss)	$	20,032		$	(2,934	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22		)	(13		)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	20,054		$	(2,921	)
Interest expense	1,398			4,040
Interest income	(50		)	(7		)
Income tax expense	8,302			887
Depreciation, amortization, and disposals	2,008			2,022
Special compensation payment	—			17,112
Business combination expenses	—			185
One-time post-retirement benefit adjustment	—			896
Share-based compensation	494			10,270
Adjusted EBITDA	$	32,206		$	32,484
Adjusted EBITDA margin (percentage of net sales)	9.7		%	10.1		%

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended July 1, 2017 and July 2, 2016:



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net sales	$	677,915		$	645,596
Cost of goods sold	590,058			554,921
Gross profit	$	87,857		$	90,675
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses	53,782			81,329
Operating profit	$	34,075		$	9,346
Interest expense	(5,801		)	(12,736		)
Interest income	63			118
Other income, net	13			16
Loss on debt extinguishment	(10,142		)	—
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	18,208		$	(3,256	)
Income tax expense	(5,806		)	(2,069		)
Equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliate	1,997			1,494
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	14,399		$	(3,831	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(142		)	(46		)
Net income (loss)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Other financial data:
Adjusted EBITDA	$	42,878		$	47,874
Adjusted EBITDA margin	6.3		%	7.4		%

The following provides the results of operations of Blue Bird’s two reportable segments:



(in thousands of dollars)	Nine Months Ended
Net Sales by Segment	July 1, 2017		July 2, 2016
Bus	$	633,499	$	604,832
Parts	44,416		40,764
Total	$	677,915	$	645,596

Gross Profit by Segment
Bus	$	72,234	$	75,108
Parts	15,623		15,567
Total	$	87,857	$	90,675

Net sales. Total net sales were $677.9 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, an increase of 5.0%, or $32.3 million, compared to $645.6 million for the nine months ended July 2, 2016, reflecting an increase in units booked, which were 7,709 units for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 compared to 7,308 units for the nine months ended July 2, 2016.

For the bus segment, the average net sales price per unit for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 was 0.7% lower than the price per unit for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. This decrease in unit price mainly reflects product and customer mix changes.

Parts sales increased $3.7 million, or 9.0%, for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 compared to the nine months ended July 2, 2016, primarily due to the expansion of product offerings as well as new incentive and shipping programs in 2017.

Cost of goods sold. Total cost of goods sold was $590.1 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, an increase of $35.1 million, or 6.3%, compared to $554.9 million for the nine months ended July 2, 2016, reflecting increased bus segment cost of goods sold totaling $31.5 million, or 6.0%, and increased parts segment cost of goods sold totaling $3.6 million, or 14.3%. As a percentage of net sales, total cost of goods sold increased from 86.0% to 87.0%.

For the bus segment, the average cost of goods sold per unit for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 was 0.4% higher compared to the average cost of goods sold per unit for the nine months ended July 2, 2016.

The $3.6 million increase in parts segment cost of goods sold for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was primarily attributed to increased parts sales volume.

Operating profit. Total operating profit was $34.1 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, an increase of $24.7 million, or 264.6%, compared to an operating profit of $9.3 million for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. Profitability was positively impacted by a decrease of $27.5 million in selling, general and administrative expenses, which was partially offset by a decrease of $2.8 million in gross profit. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended July 2, 2016 included expenses incurred from the change in control of our former majority stockholder, of which $17.1 million was a non-recurring special compensation expense and $11.8 million more share-based compensation expense primarily due to an accelerated vesting of awards as a result of the change in control.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $5.8 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, a decrease of $6.9 million, or 54.5%, compared to $12.7 million for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributed to lower average borrowing levels as well as a decrease in the interest rate resulting from the new credit facility we entered into in December 2016.

Loss on debt extinguishment. The $10.1 million loss on debt extinguishment was the difference between the reacquisition price of our debt that was extinguished on December 12, 2016 (as reported in our December 15, 2016 Current Report on Form 8-K) and the net carrying value of the extinguished debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time of extinguishment. The loss was mainly attributed to unamortized deferred financing and issuance costs from the previous facility that were expensed in conjunction with the extinguishment.

Income taxes. Income tax expense was $5.8 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, compared to income tax expense of $2.1 million for the same period in fiscal 2016.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA was $42.9 million or 6.3% of net sales for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, a decrease of $5.0 million, or 10.4%, compared to $47.9 million or 7.4% of net sales for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. The decrease in adjusted EBITDA is primarily the result of a decrease in gross profit.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net income (loss)	$	14,257		$	(3,877	)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(142		)	(46		)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	14,399		$	(3,831	)
Interest expense	5,801			12,736
Interest income	(63		)	(118		)
Income tax expense	5,806			2,069
Depreciation, amortization, and disposals	6,063			6,054
Loss on debt extinguishment	10,142			—
Special compensation payment	—			17,112
Business combination expenses	(174		)	239
One-time post-retirement benefit adjustment	—			896
Share-based compensation	904			12,717
Adjusted EBITDA	$	42,878		$	47,874
Adjusted EBITDA margin (percentage of net sales)	6.3		%	7.4		%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Background. The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from its operations, available cash and borrowings under its credit facility. At July 1, 2017, the Company had $50.3 million of available cash (net of outstanding checks) and $69.9 million of additional borrowings available under the revolving line of credit portion of its secured credit facility. The Company’s revolving line of credit is available for working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes.

Indebtedness. On December 12, 2016 (the “Closing Date”), Blue Bird Body Company as the borrower (the "Borrower"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed a $235.0 million five-year credit agreement provided by Bank of Montreal, which acts as the administrative agent and an issuing bank, Fifth Third Bank, as co-syndication agent and an issuing bank, and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agent, together with other lenders (the "Credit Agreement").

The credit facility provided for under the Credit Agreement consists of a term loan facility in an aggregate initial principal amount of $160.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a revolving credit facility with aggregate commitments of $75.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a $15.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and $5.0 million swingline sub-facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term Loan Facility, each a “Credit Facility” and collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). The borrowings under the Term Loan Facility, which were made at the Closing Date, may not be re-borrowed once they are repaid. The borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be repaid and reborrowed from time to time at our election. The proceeds of the loans under the Credit Facilities that were borrowed on the Closing Date were used to finance in part, together with available cash on hand, (i) the repayment of certain existing indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries and (ii) transaction costs associated with the consummation of the Credit Facilities.

The Term Loan Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility each mature on December 12, 2021, which is the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the Credit Agreement. The interest rate on the Term Loan Facility is (i) from the Closing Date until April 1, 2017, an election of either base rate plus 1 point or LIBOR plus 2 points and (ii) commencing with the fiscal quarter ending on April 1, 2017 and thereafter, dependent on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined below) of the Company, an election of either base rate or LIBOR pursuant to the table below:



Level	Total Net Leverage Ratio	ABR Loans	Eurodollar Loans
I	Less than 2.00x	0.75%	1.75%
II	Greater than or equal to 2.00x and less than 2.50x	1.00%	2.00%
III	Greater than or equal to 2.50x and less than 3.00x	1.25%	2.25%
IV	Greater than or equal to 3.00x	1.50%	2.50%

Under the Credit Agreement, the principal of the initial Term Loan Facility must be paid in quarterly installments on the last day of each fiscal quarter, in an amount equal to (i) $2.0 million per quarter beginning on the last day of the Company's second fiscal quarter in 2017 through the last day of the Company's first fiscal quarter in 2020, (ii) $3.0 million beginning on the last day of the second fiscal quarter of the Company in 2020 through the last day of the first fiscal quarter of the Company in 2021 and (iii) $4.0 million beginning on the last day of the second fiscal quarter of the Company in 2021 through the last day of the fourth fiscal quarter of the Company in 2021, with the remaining principal amount due at maturity. The loans under the Credit Facility may be prepaid without penalty or premium. Certain mandatory prepayments in respect of the outstanding loans or the term loans, as applicable, are required, including prepayments from the proceeds of certain dispositions and the incurrence of certain debt obligations, as well as prepayments based on the annual excess cash flow of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The obligations under the Credit Agreement and the related loan documents (including without limitation, the borrowings under the Credit Facilities and obligations in respect of certain cash management and hedging obligations owing to the agents, the lenders or their affiliates), are, in each case, secured by a lien on and security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries including the Borrower, with certain exclusions as set forth in a Collateral Agreement entered into on the Closing Date.

Up to $75.0 million of additional term loans and/or revolving credit commitments may be incurred under the Credit Agreement (the “Incremental Facility”), subject to certain limitations as set forth in the Credit Agreement. The Incremental Facility is not a committed facility, and would require further commitments from the existing lenders or from new lenders.

There are customary events of default under the Credit Agreement, including, among other things, events of default resulting from (i) failure to pay obligations when due under the Credit Agreement, (ii) insolvency of the Company or its material subsidiaries, (iii) defaults under other material debt, (iv) judgments against the Company or its subsidiaries, (v) failure to comply with certain financial maintenance covenants (as set forth in the Credit Agreement) or (vi) a change of control of the Company, in each case subject to limitations and exceptions as set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains negative and affirmative covenants affecting the Company and its subsidiaries including the Borrower, with certain exceptions set forth in the Credit Agreement. The negative covenants and restrictions include, among others: limitations on liens, dispositions of assets, consolidations and mergers, loans and investments, indebtedness, transactions with affiliates (including management fees and compensation), dividends, distributions and other restricted payments, change in fiscal year, fundamental changes, amendments to and subordinated indebtedness, restrictive agreements, sale and leaseback transactions and certain permitted acquisitions. Dividends, distributions, and other restricted payments are permitted in certain circumstances under the Credit Agreement, including, among other exceptions, (i) in an amount up to the cumulative available amount of excess free cash flow that is not required to be used to prepay the outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement, subject to certain adjustments, provided that there is not a continuing default, the Company maintains a Total Net Leverage Ratio on such date that is 0.25x less than the ratio required by the Credit Agreement at such date and the Company and its subsidiaries have not less than $5.0 million in the aggregate of Unrestricted Cash (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus remaining availability under the revolving commitments, (ii) in an amount that would not cause the Total Net Leverage Ratio to exceed 2.75 to 1.00, provided that there is not a continuing default and the Company and its subsidiaries have at least $5.0 million in the aggregate of Unrestricted Cash plus remaining availability under the revolving commitments, (iii) to make payments under the Certificate of Designations of the Company's outstanding preferred stock in an amount up to the cumulative available amount of excess free cash flow that is not required to be used to prepay the outstanding loans under the Credit Agreement, subject to certain adjustments, provided that there is not a continuing default, the Company maintains a Total Net Leverage Ratio that does not exceed 3.25 to 1.00 and the Company and its subsidiaries have at least $5.0 million in the aggregate of Unrestricted Cash plus remaining availability under the revolving commitments and (iv) in an amount not to exceed $15.0 million provided that there is not a continuing default.

The Company must also maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio, defined as the ratio of (a) consolidated net debt to (b) consolidated EBITDA (which includes certain add-backs that are not reflected in the definition of Adjusted EBITDA appearing elsewhere in this Report consisting of losses or gains on asset dispositions, and non-cash losses or gains on swap agreements) at the end of each fiscal quarter for the consecutive four fiscal quarter period most recently then ending. The Total Net Leverage Ratio requirements are as follows:



Period		Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio
Closing Date through the third fiscal quarter of the 2017 fiscal year		4.00:1.00
Fourth fiscal quarter of the 2017 fiscal year through the first fiscal quarter of the 2019 fiscal year		3.75:1.00
Second fiscal quarter of the 2019 fiscal year and thereafter		3.50:1.00

At July 1, 2017, the Borrower and the guarantors were in compliance with all covenants in the Credit Agreement.

Short-Term and Long-Term Liquidity Requirements

Our ability to make principal and interest payments on borrowings under the Credit Facilities and our ability to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future, which, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other conditions. Based on the current level of operations, we believe that our existing cash balances and expected cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next 12 months.

Annual capital expenditures have been approximately 1% of annual sales.

Seasonality

Inventory increased by $72.8 million from October 1, 2016 to July 1, 2017 due to a $30.8 million increase in raw materials inventory, a $29.0 million increase in work in process inventory, and a $13.0 million increase in finished goods inventory. Accounts payable increased by $54.8 million from October 1, 2016 to July 1, 2017. The overall increase in inventory and accounts payable reflects the seasonal nature of the business as our production levels increase during the summer months.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth general information derived from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	52,309		$	52,861
Total cash provided by operating activities	5,751			21,261
Total cash used in investing activities	(7,146		)	(6,511		)
Total cash used in financing activities	(603		)	(24,909		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(1,998	)	$	(10,159	)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	50,311		$	42,702
Depreciation and amortization	$	6,106		$	6,025
Capital expenditures	7,193			6,511

Total cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $5.8 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, as compared with $21.3 million of cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. The $15.5 million decrease was primarily attributed to a $21.9 million increase in working capital, mainly driven by changes in inventory totaling $20.6 million.

Total cash used in investing activities

Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $7.1 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, as compared with $6.5 million of cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. The $0.6 million increase was due primarily to increased spending on manufacturing assets.

Total cash used in financing activities

Cash flows used in financing activities totaled $0.6 million for the nine months ended July 1, 2017, as compared with $24.9 million of cash flows used in financing activities for the nine months ended July 2, 2016. The $24.3 million decrease in use was primarily attributed to a decrease of $29.8 million in cash paid for principal payments from the prior year, $12.9 million in cash received for warrant exercises and a $2.5 million decrease in cash paid for employee taxes on stock option exercises and vested restricted shares, which were partially offset by a $15.6 million decrease in contributions from our former majority stockholder and the cash outflows associated with the 2017 debt extinguishment and issuance.

Free cash flow

Management believes the non-GAAP measurement of free cash flow, defined as net cash net cash provided by continuing operations less cash paid for fixed assets, fairly represents the Company’s ability to generate surplus cash that could fund activities not in the ordinary course of business. See “Key Measures We Use to Evaluate Our Performance”. The following table sets forth the calculation of free cash flow for the periods presented:



	Nine Months Ended
(in thousands of dollars)	July 1, 2017			July 2, 2016
Net cash provided by continuing operations	$	5,972		$	21,307
Cash paid for fixed assets	(7,193		)	(6,511		)
Free cash flow	$	(1,221	)	$	14,796

Free cash flow for the nine months ended July 1, 2017 was $16.0 million lower than the nine months ended July 2, 2016 primarily due to a $21.9 million increase in working capital, mainly driven by changes in inventory totaling $20.6 million, and a $0.7 million increase in cash paid for fixed assets from the prior year.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We lease an office building and fork lifts for use in our operations on an operating lease basis.

We had outstanding letters of credit totaling $5.1 million at July 1, 2017, the majority of which secure our self-insured workers compensation program, the collateral for which is regulated by the State of Georgia.

At July 1, 2017, there were 3.6 million shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have not been any material changes to the disclosures about our interest rate risk or commodity risk market risk factors previously disclosed in Part II, Item 7A of the Company’s 2016 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including, as appropriate, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and

procedures were effective as of July 1, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Items required under Part II not specifically shown below are not applicable.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Blue Bird is engaged in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business. Although no assurances can be given about the final outcome of pending legal proceedings, at the present time management does not believe that the resolution or outcome of any of Blue Bird’s pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of the Company's 2016 Form 10-K. Such risk factors are expressly incorporated herein by reference, and could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or future results. The risks described in the 2016 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and/or operating results.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following Exhibits are filed with this Report:

Exhibit No. Description


2.1†	Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 21, 2014, by and among the registrant, Hennessy Capital Partners I LLC (solely for purposes of Section 10.01(a) thereof) and The Traxis Group B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on September 24, 2014).


2.2	Amendment No. 1 to Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2015, by and among the registrant, Hennessy Capital Partners I LLC (solely for purposes of Section 10.01(a) thereof) and The Traxis Group B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on February 11, 2015).


2.3	Amendment No. 2 to Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2015, by and among the registrant, Hennessy Capital Partners I LLC (solely for purposes of Section 10.01(a) thereof) and The Traxis Group B.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on February 19, 2015).


3.1	The registrant’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on February 26, 2015).


3.2	The registrant’s Certificate of Designations establishing its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on February 26, 2015).


3.3	Bylaws of Blue Bird Corporation (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form S-1, filed with the SEC on December 20, 2013).


4.1	Specimen stock certificate for the registrant’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on March 2, 2015).


4.2	The registrant’s Certificate of Designations establishing its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on February 26, 2015).

4.3

Credit Agreement dated as of December 12, 2016 by and among Blue Bird Corporation, School Bus Holdings, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates and Bank of Montreal, as Administrative Agent and an Issuing Bank, Fifth Third Bank, as Co-Syndication Agent and an Issuing Bank and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agent, and the other lenders party thereto, together with certain exhibits (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by the registrant with the SEC on December 15, 2016).


31.1*	Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


31.2*	Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


32.1*	Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer joint Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.


101.INS*^	XBRL Instance Document.


101.SCH*^	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.


101.CAL*^	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.


101.DEF*^	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.


101.LAB*^	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.


101.PRE*^	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.


*	Filed herewith.


†	The exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request.

In accordance with Regulation S-T, XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) related information in Exhibit No. 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed “furnished” and not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		Blue Bird Corporation


Dated:	August 3, 2017	/s/ Philip Horlock
		Philip Horlock
		Chief Executive Officer

Dated:	August 3, 2017	/s/ Phillip Tighe
		Phillip Tighe
		Chief Financial Officer