Document
Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________
Form 10-Q
þ
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
 
Or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Commission File Number) 001-32410
celanse_imagea01a34.gif
CELANESE CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
98-0420726
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
222 W. Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 900N
Irving, TX
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
75039-5421
(Zip Code)
(972) 443-4000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  þ
Accelerated filer  o
Non-accelerated filer  o
Smaller reporting company  o
Emerging growth company  o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No þ
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.0001 par value, as of April 18, 2019 was 126,612,492.
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents

CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Item 1. Financial Statements
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In $ millions, except share and per share data)
Net sales
1,687

 
1,851

Cost of sales
(1,234
)
 
(1,336
)
Gross profit
453

 
515

Selling, general and administrative expenses
(120
)
 
(147
)
Amortization of intangible assets
(6
)
 
(6
)
Research and development expenses
(16
)
 
(18
)
Other (charges) gains, net
4

 
—

Foreign exchange gain (loss), net
5

 
(1
)
Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net
—

 
—

Operating profit (loss)
320

 
343

Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates
50

 
58

Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income
17


26

Interest expense
(31
)
 
(33
)
Interest income
1

 
2

Dividend income - equity investments
32

 
32

Other income (expense), net
(4
)
 
4

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax
385

 
432

Income tax (provision) benefit
(46
)
 
(65
)
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
339

 
367

Earnings (loss) from operation of discontinued operations
(1
)
 
(2
)
Income tax (provision) benefit from discontinued operations
—

 
—

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations
(1
)
 
(2
)
Net earnings (loss)
338

 
365

Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(1
)
 
(2
)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation
337

 
363

Amounts attributable to Celanese Corporation
 

 
 

Earnings (loss) from continuing operations
338

 
365

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations
(1
)
 
(2
)
Net earnings (loss)
337

 
363

Earnings (loss) per common share - basic
 

 
 

Continuing operations
2.65

 
2.69

Discontinued operations
(0.01
)
 
(0.02
)
Net earnings (loss) - basic
2.64

 
2.67

Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted
 

 
 

Continuing operations
2.64

 
2.68

Discontinued operations
(0.01
)
 
(0.02
)
Net earnings (loss) - diluted
2.63

 
2.66

Weighted average shares - basic
127,542,328

 
135,916,446

Weighted average shares - diluted
128,215,700

 
136,383,735

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Net earnings (loss)
338

 
365

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax


 


Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
7

 
49

Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
(3
)
 
(1
)
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)
—

 
1

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
4

 
49

Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
342

 
414

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(1
)
 
(2
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation
341

 
412


See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions, except share data)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current Assets
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents (variable interest entity restricted - 2019: $23; 2018: $24)
441

 
439

Trade receivables - third party and affiliates (net of allowance for doubtful accounts - 2019: $10; 2018: $10; variable interest entity restricted - 2019: $5; 2018: $6)
1,015

 
1,017

Non-trade receivables, net
343

 
301

Inventories
1,009

 
1,046

Marketable securities, at fair value
29

 
31

Other assets
47

 
40

Total current assets
2,884

 
2,874

Investments in affiliates
950

 
979

Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2019: $2,871; 2018: $2,803; variable interest entity restricted - 2019: $650; 2018: $659)
3,721

 
3,719

Operating lease right-of-use assets
210

 
—

Deferred income taxes
93

 
84

Other assets (variable interest entity restricted - 2019: $4; 2018: $5)
309

 
290

Goodwill
1,075

 
1,057

Intangible assets (variable interest entity restricted - 2019: $23; 2018: $23)
332

 
310

Total assets
9,574

 
9,313

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 

 
 

Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates
743

 
561

Trade payables - third party and affiliates
699

 
819

Other liabilities
311

 
343

Income taxes payable
69

 
56

Total current liabilities
1,822

 
1,779

Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs
2,933

 
2,970

Deferred income taxes
273

 
255

Uncertain tax positions
162

 
158

Benefit obligations
550

 
564

Operating lease liabilities
193

 
—

Other liabilities
202

 
208

Commitments and Contingencies


 


Stockholders' Equity
 

 
 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized (2019 and 2018: 0 issued and outstanding)
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized (2019: 168,897,951 issued and 126,612,492 outstanding; 2018: 168,418,954 issued and 128,095,849 outstanding)
—

 
—

Treasury stock, at cost (2019: 42,285,459 shares; 2018: 40,323,105 shares)
(3,048
)
 
(2,849
)
Additional paid-in capital
224

 
233

Retained earnings
6,114

 
5,847

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net
(243
)
 
(247
)
Total Celanese Corporation stockholders' equity
3,047

 
2,984

Noncontrolling interests
392

 
395

Total equity
3,439

 
3,379

Total liabilities and equity
9,574

 
9,313


See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
(In $ millions, except share data)
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
128,095,849

 
—

 
135,769,256

 
—

Stock option exercises
9,937

 
—

 
—

 
—

Purchases of treasury stock
(1,972,291
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Stock awards
478,997

 
—

 
86,454

 
—

Balance as of the end of the period
126,612,492

 
—

 
135,855,710

 
—

Treasury Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
40,323,105

 
(2,849
)
 
32,387,713

 
(2,031
)
Purchases of treasury stock, including related fees
1,972,291

 
(200
)
 
—

 
—

Issuance of treasury stock for stock option exercises
(9,937
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

Balance as of the end of the period
42,285,459

 
(3,048
)
 
32,387,713

 
(2,031
)
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
 
 
233

 
 
 
175

Stock-based compensation, net of tax
 
 
(8
)
 
 
 
17

Stock option exercises, net of tax
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
—

Balance as of the end of the period
 
 
224

 
 
 
192

Retained Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
 
 
5,847

 
 
 
4,920

Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation
 
 
337

 
 
 
363

Common stock dividends
 
 
(70
)
 
 
 
(63
)
Balance as of the end of the period
 
 
6,114

 
 
 
5,220

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
 
 
(247
)
 
 
 
(177
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
4

 
 
 
49

Balance as of the end of the period
 
 
(243
)
 
 
 
(128
)
Total Celanese Corporation stockholders' equity
 
 
3,047

 
 
 
3,253

Noncontrolling Interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of the beginning of the period
 
 
395

 
 
 
412

Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
 
1

 
 
 
2

(Distributions to) contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
 
(4
)
 
 
 
(2
)
Balance as of the end of the period
 
 
392

 
 
 
412

Total equity
 
 
3,439

 
 
 
3,665


See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net earnings (loss)
338

 
365

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
84

 
80

Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost
(15
)
 
(24
)
Pension and postretirement contributions
(12
)
 
(12
)
Deferred income taxes, net
(5
)
 
(4
)
(Gain) loss on disposition of businesses and assets, net
—

 
1

Stock-based compensation
14

 
22

Undistributed earnings in unconsolidated affiliates
21

 
19

Other, net
6

 
5

Operating cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations
—

 
—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
Trade receivables - third party and affiliates, net
6

 
(190
)
Inventories
40

 
(27
)
Other assets
(23
)
 
(29
)
Trade payables - third party and affiliates
(81
)
 
—

Other liabilities
(66
)
 
(63
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
307

 
143

Investing Activities
 
 
 
Capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment
(79
)
 
(86
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(91
)
 
(144
)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets, net
—

 
9

Other, net
(7
)
 
(14
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
(177
)
 
(235
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Net change in short-term borrowings with maturities of 3 months or less
197

 
101

Proceeds from short-term borrowings
—

 
36

Repayments of short-term borrowings
(12
)
 
(38
)
Proceeds from long-term debt
—

 
—

Repayments of long-term debt
(7
)
 
(31
)
Purchases of treasury stock, including related fees
(212
)
 
—

Stock option exercises
—

 
—

Common stock dividends
(70
)
 
(63
)
(Distributions to) contributions from noncontrolling interests
(4
)
 
(2
)
Other, net
(22
)
 
(5
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(130
)
 
(2
)
Exchange rate effects on cash and cash equivalents
2

 
8

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
2

 
(86
)
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period
439

 
576

Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period
441

 
490


See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description of the Company and Basis of Presentation
Description of the Company
Celanese Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") is a global chemical and specialty materials company. The Company produces high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value applications, as well as acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals, for nearly all major industries. The Company also engineers and manufactures a wide variety of products essential to everyday living. The Company's broad product portfolio serves a diverse set of end-use applications including automotive, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, consumer and medical, energy storage, filtration, food and beverage, paints and coatings, paper and packaging, performance industrial and textiles.
Definitions
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), the term "Celanese" refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The term "Celanese US" refers to the Company's subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and not its subsidiaries.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 contained in this Quarterly Report were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP") for all periods presented and include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, variable interest entities in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified, have been presented to separately show the effects of discontinued operations.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets and related unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and equity include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with US GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on February 7, 2019 with the SEC as part of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements relative to a number of topics, including acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, supply agreements, product sales and other arrangements. The Company endeavors to describe those contracts or agreements that are material to its business, results of operations or financial position. The Company may also describe some arrangements that are not material but in which the Company believes investors may have an interest or which may have been included in a Form 8-K filing. Investors should not assume the Company has described all contracts and agreements relative to the Company's business in this Quarterly Report.
For those consolidated ventures in which the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the outside stockholders' interests are shown as noncontrolling interests.
The Company has reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the presentation of the Company's current reportable segments.

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Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of Net sales, expenses and allocated charges during the reporting period. Significant estimates pertain to impairments of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, purchase price allocations, restructuring costs and other (charges) gains, net, income taxes, pension and other postretirement benefits, asset retirement obligations, environmental liabilities and loss contingencies, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recent Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"):
Standard
 
Description
 
Effective Date
 
Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.
 
The new guidance modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifying the specific requirements of disclosures and adding disclosure requirements identified as relevant.
 
January 1, 2020. Early adoption is permitted.
 
The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on its financial statement disclosures.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.
 
The new guidance allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users.
 
January 1, 2019.
 
The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Since that date, the FASB has issued additional ASUs clarifying certain aspects of ASU 2016-02.
 
The new guidance supersedes the lease guidance under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 840, Leases, resulting in the creation of FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases. The guidance requires a lessee to recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term for both finance and operating leases. Subsequent guidance issued after February 2016 did not change the core principle of ASU 2016-02.
 
January 1, 2019.
 
The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the Company to adjust comparative periods. See the Adoption of ASU 2016-02 section below for additional information.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases
The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted. In addition, the Company elected the following practical expedients:
•
the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification;
•
the land easements practical expedient, which allowed the Company to carry forward the accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements;
•
the short-term lease practical expedient, which allowed the Company to exclude short-term leases from recognition in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets; and

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•
the bifurcation of lease and non-lease components practical expedient, which did not require the Company to bifurcate lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets.
The adoption of this accounting standard resulted in the recording of Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and Operating lease liabilities of $223 million and $240 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the operating lease assets and liabilities was recorded as an adjustment to Other liabilities, primarily related to deferred rent (lease incentives). The adoption of ASU 2016-02 had no impact on Retained earnings.
See Note 16 for additional information.
3. Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures
Acquisitions
•
Omni Plastics
In February 2018, using cash on hand and borrowings under the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility, the Company acquired 100% of the ownership interests of Omni Plastics, L.L.C. and its subsidiaries ("Omni Plastics"). Omni Plastics specializes in custom compounding of various engineered thermoplastic materials. The acquisition further strengthens the Company's global asset base by adding compounding capacity in the Americas. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the acquired operations are included in the Engineered Materials segment. The Company allocated the purchase price of the acquisition to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. During the measurement period, there were no adjustments that materially impacted the Company's goodwill initially recorded.
4. Ventures and Variable Interest Entities
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company has a joint venture, Fairway Methanol LLC ("Fairway"), with Mitsui & Co., Ltd., of Tokyo, Japan ("Mitsui"), in which the Company owns 50% of Fairway, for the production of methanol at the Company's integrated chemical plant in Clear Lake, Texas. The methanol unit utilizes natural gas in the US Gulf Coast region as a feedstock and benefits from the existing infrastructure at the Company's Clear Lake facility. Both Mitsui and the Company supply their own natural gas to Fairway in exchange for methanol tolling under a cost-plus off-take arrangement.
The Company determined that Fairway is a variable interest entity ("VIE") in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Under the terms of the joint venture agreements, the Company provides site services and day-to-day operations for the methanol facility. In addition, the joint venture agreements provide that the Company indemnifies Mitsui for environmental obligations that exceed a specified threshold, as well as an equity option between the partners. Accordingly, the Company consolidates the venture and records a noncontrolling interest for the share of the venture owned by Mitsui. Fairway is included in the Company's Acetyl Chain segment.

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The carrying amount of the assets and liabilities associated with Fairway included in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
23

 
24

Trade receivables, net - third party and affiliates
10

 
11

Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2019: $140; 2018: $130)
650

 
659

Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization - 2019: $3; 2018: $3)
23

 
23

Other assets
4

 
5

Total assets(1)
710

 
722

 
 
 
 
Trade payables
8

 
16

Other liabilities(2)
7

 
4

Total debt
4

 
5

Deferred income taxes
3

 
3

Total liabilities
22

 
28

______________________________
(1) 
Assets can only be used to settle the obligations of Fairway.
(2) 
Primarily represents amounts owed by Fairway to the Company for reimbursement of expenditures.
Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
The Company holds variable interests in entities that supply certain raw materials and services to the Company. The variable interests primarily relate to cost-plus contractual arrangements with the suppliers and recovery of capital expenditures for certain plant assets plus a rate of return on such assets. Liabilities for such supplier recoveries of capital expenditures have been recorded as finance lease obligations. The entities are not consolidated because the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the entities as it does not have the power to direct the activities of the entities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance. The Company's maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with these VIEs as of March 31, 2019, relates primarily to the recovery of capital expenditures for certain property, plant and equipment.
The carrying amount of the assets and liabilities associated with the obligations to nonconsolidated VIEs, as well as the maximum exposure to loss relating to these nonconsolidated VIEs are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Property, plant and equipment, net
39

 
42

 
 
 
 
Trade payables
23

 
27

Current installments of long-term debt
15

 
14

Long-term debt
54

 
57

Total liabilities
92

 
98

 
 
 
 
Maximum exposure to loss
125

 
133

The difference between the total liabilities associated with obligations to nonconsolidated VIEs and the maximum exposure to loss primarily represents take-or-pay obligations for services included in the Company's unconditional purchase obligations (Note 19).

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5. Marketable Securities
The Company's nonqualified trusts hold available-for-sale securities for funding requirements of the Company's nonqualified pension plans. Available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $29 million and $31 million, respectively, and were recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
6. Inventories
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Finished goods
678

 
697

Work-in-process
67

 
70

Raw materials and supplies
264

 
279

Total
1,009

 
1,046

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
 
Engineered
Materials
 
Acetate Tow
 
Acetyl Chain
 
Total
 
(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2018
707

 
148

 
202

 
1,057

Acquisitions
29

 
—

 
—

 
29

Exchange rate changes
(8
)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
(11
)
As of March 31, 2019(1)
728

 
148

 
199

 
1,075

______________________________
(1) 
There were $0 million of accumulated impairment losses as of March 31, 2019.
Intangible Assets, Net
Finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
 
Licenses
 
Customer-
Related
Intangible
Assets
 
Developed
Technology
 
Covenants
Not to
Compete
and Other
 
Total
 
 
(In $ millions)
 
Gross Asset Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
42

 
651

 
44

 
56

 
793

 
Acquisitions
—

 
25

 
—

 
—

 
25

(1) 
Exchange rate changes
1

 
(7
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
As of March 31, 2019
43

 
669

 
44

 
56

 
812

 
Accumulated Amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
(33
)
 
(495
)
 
(32
)
 
(35
)
 
(595
)
 
Amortization
—

 
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(6
)
 
Exchange rate changes
(1
)
 
7

 
—

 
—

 
6

 
As of March 31, 2019
(34
)
 
(492
)
 
(33
)
 
(36
)
 
(595
)
 
Net book value
9

 
177

 
11

 
20

 
217

 
______________________________
(1) 
Represents intangible assets acquired related to Next Polymers Ltd. with a weighted average amortization period of 13 years.

12

Table of Contents

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
 
Trademarks
and Trade Names
 
(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2018
112

Acquisitions
4

Accumulated impairment losses
—

Exchange rate changes
(1
)
As of March 31, 2019
115

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not renew or extend any intangible assets.
Estimated amortization expense for the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows:
 
(In $ millions)
2020
22

2021
21

2022
19

2023
17

2024
16

8. Current Other Liabilities
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Asset retirement obligations
3

 
3

Benefit obligations (Note 11)
30

 
30

Customer rebates (Note 21)
46

 
76

Derivatives (Note 17)
4

 
7

Environmental (Note 12)
20

 
20

Insurance
4

 
4

Interest
23

 
21

Operating leases (Note 16)
32

 
—

Restructuring (Note 14)
1

 
4

Salaries and benefits
64

 
119

Sales and use tax/foreign withholding tax payable
39

 
22

Other
45

 
37

Total
311

 
343


13

Table of Contents

9. Noncurrent Other Liabilities
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Asset retirement obligations
13

 
13

Deferred proceeds
43

 
44

Deferred revenue (Note 21)
7

 
7

Derivatives (Note 17)
21

 
11

Environmental (Note 12)
45

 
49

Insurance
39

 
37

Other
34

 
47

Total
202

 
208

10. Debt
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Installments of Long-Term Debt - Third Party and Affiliates
 
 
 
Current installments of long-term debt
363

 
367

Short-term borrowings, including amounts due to affiliates(1)
56

 
77

Revolving credit facility(2)
247

 
40

Accounts receivable securitization facility(3)
77

 
77

Total
743

 
561

______________________________
(1) 
The weighted average interest rate was 3.0% and 3.2% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2) 
The weighted average interest rate was 1.5% and 6.0% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(3) 
The weighted average interest rate was 3.4% and 3.1% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

14

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As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Long-Term Debt
 
 
 
Senior unsecured notes due 2019, interest rate of 3.250%
337

 
343

Senior unsecured notes due 2021, interest rate of 5.875%
400

 
400

Senior unsecured notes due 2022, interest rate of 4.625%
500

 
500

Senior unsecured notes due 2023, interest rate of 1.125%
841

 
857

Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 1.250%
337

 
343

Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 2.125%
558

 
568

Pollution control and industrial revenue bonds due at various dates through 2030, interest rates ranging from 4.05% to 5.00%
167

 
167

Nilit bank loans due at various dates through 2026(1)
10

 
10

Obligations under finance leases due at various dates through 2054
163

 
167

Subtotal
3,313

 
3,355

Unamortized debt issuance costs(2)
(17
)
 
(18
)
Current installments of long-term debt
(363
)
 
(367
)
Total
2,933

 
2,970

______________________________
(1) 
The weighted average interest rate was 1.3% and 1.3% as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
(2) 
Related to the Company's long-term debt, excluding obligations under finance leases.
Senior Credit Facilities
On January 7, 2019, Celanese, Celanese US and certain subsidiary borrowers entered into a new senior credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") consisting of a $1.25 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2024. The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by Celanese, Celanese US and substantially all of its domestic subsidiaries ("the Subsidiary Guarantors").
The Company's debt balances and amounts available for borrowing under its senior unsecured revolving credit facility are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
(In $ millions)
Revolving Credit Facility
 
Borrowings outstanding(1)
247

Letters of credit issued
—

Available for borrowing(2)
1,003

______________________________
(1) 
The Company borrowed $371 million and repaid $161 million under its senior unsecured revolving credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
(2) 
The margin for borrowings under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility was 1.5% above LIBOR or EURIBOR at current Company credit ratings.
Senior Notes
The Company has outstanding senior unsecured notes, issued in public offerings registered under the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), as amended (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes were issued by Celanese US and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Celanese and the Subsidiary Guarantors.

15

Table of Contents

Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility
The Company has a US accounts receivable securitization facility involving receivables of certain of its domestic subsidiaries of the Company transferred to a wholly-owned, "bankruptcy remote" special purpose subsidiary of the Company ("SPE"). The securitization facility, which permits cash borrowings and letters of credit, expires in July 2019. All of the SPE's assets have been pledged to the administrative agent in support of the SPE's obligations under the facility.
The Company's debt balances and amounts available for borrowing under its securitization facility are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
(In $ millions)
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility
 
Borrowings outstanding
77

Letters of credit issued
29

Available for borrowing
3

Total borrowing base
109

 
 
Maximum borrowing base(1)
120

______________________________
(1) 
Outstanding accounts receivable transferred to the SPE was $188 million.
Other Financing Arrangements
In June 2018, the Company entered into a factoring agreement with a global financial institution to sell certain accounts receivable on a non-recourse basis. These transactions are treated as a sale and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreement transfers effective control over and risk related to the receivables to the buyer. The Company has no continuing involvement in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of bankruptcy. The Company de-recognized $72 million of accounts receivable during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Covenants
The Company's material financing arrangements contain customary covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios, events of default and change of control provisions. Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of any other event of default, could result in acceleration of the borrowings and other financial obligations. The Company is in compliance with all of the covenants related to its debt agreements as of March 31, 2019.
11. Benefit Obligations
The components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Pension
Benefits
 
Post-retirement
Benefits
 
Pension
Benefits
 
Post-retirement
Benefits
 
(In $ millions)
Service cost
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

Interest cost
29

 
—

 
26

 
—

Expected return on plan assets
(46
)
 
—

 
(52
)
 
—

Total
(15
)
 
—

 
(24
)
 
—


16

Table of Contents

Benefit obligation funding is as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
Total
Expected
2019
 
(In $ millions)
Cash contributions to defined benefit pension plans
6

 
22

Benefit payments to nonqualified pension plans
5

 
21

Benefit payments to other postretirement benefit plans
1

 
5

Cash contributions to German multiemployer defined benefit pension plans(1)
2

 
9

______________________________
(1) 
The Company makes contributions based on specified percentages of employee contributions.
The Company's estimates of its US defined benefit pension plan contributions reflect the provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.
12. Environmental
The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations worldwide that impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, establish standards for the treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and impose record keeping and notification requirements. Failure to timely comply with these laws and regulations may expose the Company to penalties. The Company believes that it is in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations and engages in an ongoing process of updating its controls to mitigate compliance risks. The Company is also subject to retained environmental obligations specified in various contractual agreements arising from the divestiture of certain businesses by the Company or one of its predecessor companies.
The components of environmental remediation liabilities are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Demerger obligations (Note 19)
25

 
26

Divestiture obligations (Note 19)
14

 
16

Active sites
13

 
14

US Superfund sites
11

 
11

Other environmental remediation liabilities
2

 
2

Total
65

 
69

Remediation
Due to its industrial history and through retained contractual and legal obligations, the Company has the obligation to remediate specific areas on its own sites as well as on divested, demerger, orphan or US Superfund sites (as defined below). In addition, as part of the demerger agreement between the Company and Hoechst AG ("Hoechst"), a specified portion of the responsibility for environmental liabilities from a number of Hoechst divestitures was transferred to the Company (Note 19). Certain of these sites, at which the Company maintains continuing involvement, were and continue to be designated as discontinued operations. The Company provides for such obligations when the event of loss is probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that environmental remediation costs will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Company, but may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations or cash flows in any given period.
US Superfund Sites
In the US, the Company may be subject to substantial claims brought by US federal or state regulatory agencies or private individuals pursuant to statutory authority or common law. In particular, the Company has a potential liability under the US Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, and related state laws (collectively referred to as "Superfund") for investigation and cleanup costs at certain sites. At most of these sites, numerous companies, including the Company, or one of its predecessor companies, have been notified that the US Environmental

17

Table of Contents

Protection Agency ("EPA"), state governing bodies or private individuals consider such companies to be potentially responsible parties ("PRP") under Superfund or related laws. The proceedings relating to these sites are in various stages. The cleanup process has not been completed at most sites, and the status of the insurance coverage for some of these proceedings is uncertain. Consequently, the Company cannot accurately determine its ultimate liability for investigation or cleanup costs at these sites.
As events progress at each site for which it has been named a PRP, the Company accrues, as appropriate, a liability for site cleanup. Such liabilities include all costs that are probable and can be reasonably estimated. In establishing these liabilities, the Company considers the contaminants of concern, the potential impact thereof, the relationship of the contaminants of concern to its current and historic operations, its shipment of waste to a site, its percentage of total waste shipped to the site, the types of wastes involved, the conclusions of any studies, the magnitude of any remedial actions that may be necessary and the number and viability of other PRPs. Often the Company joins with other PRPs to sign joint defense agreements that settle, among PRPs, each party's percentage allocation of costs at the site. Although the ultimate liability may differ from the estimate, the Company routinely reviews the liabilities and revises the estimate, as appropriate, based on the most current information available.
One such site is the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, which is comprised of a number of sub-sites, including the Lower Passaic River Study Area ("LPRSA"), which is the lower 17-mile stretch of the Passaic River ("Lower Passaic River Site"), and the Newark Bay Area. The Company and 70 other companies are parties to a May 2007 Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to perform a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") at the Lower Passaic River Site in order to identify the levels of contaminants and potential cleanup actions, including the potential migration of contaminants between the Lower Passaic River Site and the Newark Bay Area. Work on the RI/FS is ongoing.
In March 2016, the EPA issued its final Record of Decision concerning the remediation of the lower 8.3 miles of the Lower Passaic River Site ("Lower 8.3 Miles"). Pursuant to the EPA's Record of Decision, the Lower 8.3 Miles must be dredged bank to bank and an engineered cap must be installed at an EPA estimated cost of approximately $1.4 billion. The Company owned and/or operated facilities in the vicinity of the Lower 8.3 Miles, but has found no evidence that it contributed any of the contaminants of concern to the Passaic River. On June 30, 2018, Occidental Chemical Corporation ("OCC"), the successor to the Diamond Alkali Company, sued a subsidiary of the Company and 119 other parties alleging claims for joint and several damages, contribution and declaratory relief under Section 107 and 113 of Superfund for costs to clean up the LPRSA portion of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, Occidental Chemical Corporation v. 21st Century Fox America, Inc., et al, No. 2:18-CV-11273-JLL-JAD (U.S. District Court New Jersey), alleging that each of the defendants owned or operated a facility that contributed contamination to the LPRSA. With respect to the Company, the OCC lawsuit is limited to the former Celanese facility that Essex County, New Jersey has agreed to indemnify the Company for and does not change the Company's estimated liability for LPRSA cleanup costs. The Company is vigorously defending these matters and currently believes that its ultimate allocable share of the cleanup costs with respect to the Lower Passaic River Site, estimated at less than 1%, will not be material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
13. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
The Company's Board of Directors follows a policy of declaring, subject to legally available funds, a quarterly cash dividend on each share of the Company's Common Stock, unless the Company's Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, determines otherwise. The amount available to the Company to pay cash dividends is not currently restricted by its existing senior credit facility and its indentures governing its senior unsecured notes. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, the results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Company's Board of Directors may deem relevant.
The Company's Board of Directors approved increases in the Company's Common Stock cash dividend rates as follows:
 
Increase
 
Quarterly Common
Stock Cash Dividend
 
Annual Common
Stock Cash Dividend
 
Effective Date
 
(In percentages)
 
(In $ per share)
 
 
April 2018
17
 
0.54
 
2.16
 
May 2018

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Table of Contents

Treasury Stock
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Total From
February 2008
Through
March 31, 2019
 
2019
 
2018
 
Shares repurchased
1,972,291

 
—

 
49,685,002

Average purchase price per share
$
101.41

 
$
—

 
$
67.48

Shares repurchased (in $ millions)
$
200

 
$
—

 
$
3,353

Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period (in $ millions)(1)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,866

______________________________
(1) 
These authorizations give management discretion in determining the timing and conditions under which shares may be repurchased. This repurchase program began in February 2008 and does not have an expiration date.
On April 18, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $1.5 billion increase in its Common Stock repurchase authorization. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $513 million remaining under the previous authorization. The Company also declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.62 per share on its Common Stock on April 18, 2019, amounting to $78 million. The cash dividend will be paid on May 9, 2019 to holders of record as of April 29, 2019.
The purchase of treasury stock reduces the number of shares outstanding. The repurchased shares may be used by the Company for compensation programs utilizing the Company's stock and other corporate purposes. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of stockholders' equity.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Gross
Amount
 
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
 
Net
Amount
 
Gross
Amount
 
Income
Tax
(Provision)
Benefit
 
Net
Amount
 
(In $ millions)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)
13

 
(6
)
 
7

 
45

 
4

 
49

Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
1

 
(1
)
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Total
10

 
(6
)
 
4

 
44

 
5

 
49

Adjustments to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, are as follows:
 
Foreign
Currency
Translation Gain (Loss)
 
Gain (Loss)
on Cash
Flow
Hedges
 
Pension
and
Postretirement
Benefits Gain (Loss)
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss), Net
 
(In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2018
(236
)
 
(8
)
 
(3
)
 
(247
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
13

 
(1
)
 
—

 
12

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
(2
)

—


(2
)
Income tax (provision) benefit
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
As of March 31, 2019
(229
)
 
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
(243
)

19

Table of Contents

14. Other (Charges) Gains, Net
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Restructuring
1

 
—

Plant/office closures
(1
)
 
—

Commercial disputes
4

 
—

Total
4

 
—

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a $15 million gain within commercial disputes related to a settlement from a previous acquisition that was included within the Engineered Materials segment. The Company also recorded an $11 million loss within commercial disputes related to a settlement by the Company's captive insurer with a former third-party customer, which was included within the Other Activities segment.
15. Income Taxes
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In percentages)
Effective income tax rate
12
 
15
The lower effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily due to partial release of a valuation allowance on the net deferred tax asset for foreign tax credit carryforwards in the US due to revised forecasts of taxable income expected to be generated during the carryforward period.
The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary. Realization of deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in the applicable carryback or carryforward periods. Changes in the Company's estimates of future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies will affect the estimate of the realization of the tax benefits of these foreign tax credit carryforwards. Due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") and uncertainty as to future sources of general limitation foreign source income to allow for the utilization of these credits, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on a substantial portion of its foreign tax credits upon the enactment of the TCJA in December 2017. The Company is currently evaluating tax planning strategies that utilize the Company's recorded foreign tax credit carryforwards. Implementation of these strategies in future periods could reduce the level of valuation allowance that is needed, thereby decreasing the Company's effective tax rate.
On March 6, 2019, the US Department of Treasury issued proposed regulations clarifying the deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income ("FDII") and Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI"), which was enacted as part of the TCJA. The Company currently does not expect these regulations to have a material impact on tax expense upon final adoption and will evaluate the impact of final guidance once it is released.
In connection with the Company's US federal income tax audit for 2009 and 2010, the Company entered into a closing agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2019, which did not impact any previously recorded amounts based on settlement discussions prior to the formal closing agreement.
In January 2018, the Company received proposed pre-tax adjustments for its 2011 and 2012 audit cycle in the amount of $198 million. In the event the Company is wholly unsuccessful in its defense and absent expected offsetting adjustments from foreign tax authorities, the proposed adjustments would result in the consumption of approximately $69 million of prior foreign tax credit carryforwards, which are substantially offset with a valuation allowance due to uncertain recoverability. The Company believes these proposed adjustments to be without merit and is vigorously defending its position.
16. Leases
The Company leases certain real estate, fleet assets, warehouses and equipment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less ("short-term leases") are not recorded on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception.

20

Table of Contents

Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its imputed collateralized rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets are comprised of the lease liability plus prepaid rents and are reduced by lease incentives or deferred rents. The Company has lease agreements with non-lease components which are not bifurcated.
Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 30 years. The exercise of a lease renewal option typically occurs at the discretion of both parties. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms are deemed not to include options to extend the lease termination until it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Certain of the Company's lease agreements include payments adjusted periodically for inflation based on the consumer price index. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The components of lease expense are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
Statement of Operations Classification
 
(In $ millions)
 
 
Lease Cost
 
 
 
Operating lease cost
10

 
Cost of sales / Selling, general and administrative expenses
Short-term lease cost
5

 
Cost of sales / Selling, general and administrative expenses
Variable lease cost
2

 
Cost of sales / Selling, general and administrative expenses
Finance lease cost
 
 
 
Amortization of leased assets
5

 
Cost of sales
Interest on lease liabilities
5

 
Interest expense
Sublease income
—

 
Other income (expense), net
Total net lease cost
27

 
 

21

Table of Contents

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
(In $ millions)
 
 
Leases
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
Operating lease assets
210

 
Operating lease ROU assets
Finance lease assets
101

 
Property, plant and equipment, net
Total leased assets
311

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Current
 
 
 
Operating
32

 
Current Other liabilities
Finance
24

 
Short-term borrowings and current
installments of long-term debt
Noncurrent
 
 
 
Operating
193

 
Operating lease liabilities
Finance
139

 
Long-term debt
Total lease liabilities
388

 
 
 
As of
March 31,
2019
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
 
Operating leases
15.1

Finance leases
7.2

 
 
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
 
Operating leases
2.7
%
Finance leases
11.7
%
Supplemental unaudited interim consolidated cash flow information related to leases is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2019
 
(In $ millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
 
Operating cash flows from operating leases
10

Operating cash flows from finance leases
5

Financing cash flows from finance leases
6

 
 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities
—

ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
—


22

Table of Contents

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance Leases
 
(In $ millions)
2019
29

 
31

2020
34

 
43

2021
25

 
41

2022
21

 
32

2023
19

 
23

Later years
147

 
88

Sublease income
—

 
—

Total lease payments
275

 
258

Less amounts representing interest
(50
)
 
(95
)
Total lease obligations
225

 
163

As of March 31, 2019, there were no additional operating or financing lease commitments that have not yet commenced.
Disclosures related to periods prior to adoption of ASU 2016-02
Operating lease rent expense was approximately $96 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable rental and lease agreements which had initial or remaining terms in excess of one year are as follows:
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Operating Leases
 
Capital Leases
 
(In $ millions)
2019
43

 
42

2020
34

 
42

2021
25

 
40

2022
23

 
32

2023
21

 
23

Later years
130

 
88

Sublease income
—

 
—

Minimum lease commitments
276

 
267

Less amounts representing interest
 
 
(100
)
Present value of net minimum lease obligations


 
167

17. Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivatives Designated As Hedges
Net Investment Hedges
The Company uses derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forwards, and non-derivative financial instruments, such as foreign currency denominated debt, that may give rise to foreign currency transaction gains or losses to hedge the foreign currency exposure of net investments in foreign operations. Accordingly, the effective portion of gains and losses from remeasurement of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments is included in foreign currency translation within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses are reclassified to earnings in the period the hedged investment is sold or liquidated.

23

Table of Contents

The total notional amount of foreign currency denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge of net investments in foreign operations are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In € millions)
Total
1,130

 
1,550


Cash Flow Hedges
The total notional amount of the forward-starting interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge is as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Total
400

 
400

Derivatives Not Designated As Hedges
Foreign Currency Forwards and Swaps
Gross notional values of the foreign currency forwards and swaps not designated as hedges are as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Total
737

 
1,071

Information regarding changes in the fair value of the Company's derivative and non-derivative instruments is as follows:
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Statement of Operations Classification
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(In $ millions)
 
 
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity swaps
10

 
(2
)
 
2

 
—

 
Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps
(11
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Interest expense
Total
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
2

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Designated as Net Investment Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency denominated debt (Note 10)
39

 
(35
)
 
—

 
—

 
N/A
Total
39

 
(35
)
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net
Total
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
 
See Note 18 for additional information regarding the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments.

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Certain of the Company's commodity swaps, interest rate swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps permit the Company to net settle all contracts with the counterparty through a single payment in an agreed upon currency in the event of default or early termination of the contract, similar to a master netting arrangement.
Information regarding the gross amounts of the Company's derivative instruments and the amounts offset in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets is as follows:
 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Derivative Assets
 
 
 
Gross amount recognized
19

 
11

Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets
6

 
2

Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets
13

 
9

Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets
1

 
3

Net amount
12

 
6

 
As of
March 31,
2019
 
As of
December 31,
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
Gross amount recognized
31

 
20

Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets
6

 
2

Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets
25

 
18

Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets
1

 
3

Net amount
24

 
15

18. Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:
Derivatives. Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, commodity swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps and are valued in the market using discounted cash flow techniques. These techniques incorporate Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement inputs such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These market inputs are utilized in the discounted cash flow calculation considering the instrument's term, notional amount, discount rate and credit risk. Significant inputs to the derivative valuation for interest rate swaps, commodity swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps are observable in the active markets and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy.

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Fair Value Measurement
 
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Total
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
(In $ millions)
 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity swaps
—

 
7

 
7

 
Current Other assets
Commodity swaps
—

 
2

 
2

 
Noncurrent Other assets
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 


 
 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps
—

 
4

 
4

 
Current Other assets
Total assets
—

 
13

 
13

 
 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap
—

 
(21
)
 
(21
)
 
Noncurrent Other liabilities
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps
—

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
 
Current Other liabilities
Total liabilities
—

 
(25
)
 
(25
)
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity swaps
—

 
1

 
1

 
Current Other assets
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps
—

 
8

 
8

 
Current Other assets
Total assets
—

 
9

 
9

 
 
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity swaps
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
Noncurrent Other liabilities
Interest rate swaps
—

 
(10
)
 
(10
)
 
Noncurrent Other liabilities
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards and swaps
—

 
(7
)
 
(7
)
 
Current Other liabilities
Total liabilities
—

 
(18
)
 
(18
)
 
 
Carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value are as follows:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
(In $ millions)
As of March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
170

 
—

 
—

 
—

Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts
35

 
35

 
—

 
35

Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt
3,313

 
3,227

 
163

 
3,390

As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
164

 
—

 
—

 
—

Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts
37

 
37

 
—

 
37

Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt
3,355

 
3,204

 
167

 
3,371


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In general, the equity investments included in the table above are not publicly traded and their fair values are not readily determinable. The Company believes the carrying values approximate fair value. Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts consist of long-term fixed income securities, which are valued using independent vendor pricing models with observable inputs in the active market and therefore represent a Level 2 fair value measurement. The fair value of long-term debt is based on valuations from third-party banks and market quotations and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The fair value of obligations under finance leases, which are included in long-term debt, is based on lease payments and discount rates, which are not observable in the market and therefore represents a Level 3 fair value measurement.
As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, trade payables, short-term borrowings and the current installments of long-term debt approximate carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These items have been excluded from the table with the exception of the current installments of long-term debt.
19. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
Guarantees
The Company has agreed to guarantee or indemnify third parties for environmental and other liabilities pursuant to a variety of agreements, including asset and business divestiture agreements, leases, settlement agreements and various agreements with affiliated companies. Although many of these obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, others do not provide such limitations. The Company has accrued for all probable and reasonably estimable losses associated with all known matters or claims. These known obligations include the following:
•
Demerger Obligations
In connection with the Hoechst demerger, the Company agreed to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, for various liabilities under the demerger agreement, including for environmental liabilities associated with contamination arising either from environmental damage in general ("Category A") or under 19 divestiture agreements entered into by Hoechst prior to the demerger ("Category B") (Note 12).
The Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, is capped under Category B at €250 million. If and to the extent the environmental damage should exceed €750 million in aggregate, the Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst and its legal successors applies, but is then limited to 33.33% of the remediation cost without further limitations. Cumulative payments under the divestiture agreements as of March 31, 2019, are $90 million. Though the Company is significantly under its obligation cap under Category B, most of the divestiture agreements have become time barred and/or any notified environmental damage claims have been partially settled.
The Company has also undertaken in the demerger agreement to indemnify Hoechst and its legal successors for (i) 33.33% of any and all Category A liabilities that result from Hoechst being held as the responsible party pursuant to public law or current or future environmental law or by third parties pursuant to private or public law related to contamination and (ii) liabilities that Hoechst is required to discharge, including tax liabilities, which are associated with businesses that were included in the demerger but were not demerged due to legal restrictions on the transfers of such items. These indemnities do not provide for any monetary or time limitations. The Company has not been requested by Hoechst to make any payments in connection with this indemnification. Accordingly, the Company has not made any payments to Hoechst and its legal successors.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the lack of requests for indemnification, the Company cannot estimate the remaining demerger obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
•
Divestiture Obligations
The Company and its predecessor companies agreed to indemnify third-party purchasers of former businesses and assets for various pre-closing conditions, as well as for breaches of representations, warranties and covenants. Such liabilities also include environmental liability, product liability, antitrust and other liabilities. These indemnifications and guarantees represent standard contractual terms associated with typical divestiture agreements and, other than environmental liabilities, the Company does not believe that they expose the Company to significant risk (Note 12).
The Company has divested numerous businesses, investments and facilities through agreements containing indemnifications or guarantees to the purchasers. Many of the obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, which extend through 2037.

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The aggregate amount of outstanding indemnifications and guarantees provided for under these agreements is $116 million as of March 31, 2019. Other agreements do not provide for any monetary or time limitations.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the number of requests for indemnification or other payment received by the Company, the Company cannot estimate the remaining divestiture obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
Purchase Obligations
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. The Company maintains a number of "take-or-pay" contracts for purchases of raw materials, utilities and other services. Certain of the contracts contain a contract termination buy-out provision that allows for the Company to exit the contracts for amounts less than the remaining take-or-pay obligations. Additionally, the Company has other outstanding commitments representing maintenance and service agreements, energy and utility agreements, consulting contracts and software agreements. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations of $1.3 billion, which extend through 2036.
Contingencies
The Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and investigations incidental to the normal conduct of business, relating to such matters as product liability, land disputes, insurance coverage disputes, contracts, employment, antitrust or competition compliance, intellectual property, personal injury and other actions in tort, workers' compensation, chemical exposure, asbestos exposure, taxes, trade compliance, acquisitions and divestitures, claims of legacy stockholders, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. The Company is actively defending those matters where the Company is named as a defendant and, based on the current facts, does not believe the outcomes from these matters would be material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
European Commission Investigation
In May 2017, the Company learned that the European Commission opened a competition law investigation involving certain subsidiaries of the Company with respect to certain ethylene purchases. The Company is cooperating with the European Commission. Because the investigation is on-going, and the many uncertainties and variables involved, the Company is unable at this time to determine the outcome of this investigation and whether, and in what amount, any potential fines would be assessed.

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20. Segment Information
 

Engineered
Materials
 
Acetate Tow
 
Acetyl
Chain
 
Other
Activities
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
 
(In $ millions)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
Net sales
663

 
166

 
889

 
—

 
(31
)
(1) 
1,687

 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 14)
15

 
—

 
—

 
(11
)
 
—

 
4

 
Operating profit (loss)
144

 
40

 
202

 
(66
)
 
—

 
320

 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates
46

 
—

 
1

 
3

 
—

 
50

 
Depreciation and amortization
32

 
10

 
38

 
3

 
—

 
83

 
Capital expenditures
16

 
8

 
26

 
4

 
—

 
54

(2) 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
1,018

 
153

 
236

 
—

 
—

 
1,407

 
Total assets
3,578

 
1,046

 
3,520

 
1,430

 
—

 
9,574

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Net sales
665

 
168


1,051


—

 
(33
)
(1) 
1,851

 
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 14)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Operating profit (loss)
127

 
46

 
253

 
(83
)
 
—

 
343

 
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates
54

 
—

 
1

 
3

 
—

 
58

 
Depreciation and amortization
32

 
10

 
35

 
2

 
—

 
79

 
Capital expenditures
21

 
—

 
34

 
2

 
—

 
57

(2) 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
974

 
153

 
240

 
—

 
—

 
1,367

 
Total assets
4,012

 
1,032

 
3,471

 
798

 
—

 
9,313

 
______________________________
(1) 
Includes intersegment sales primarily related to the Acetyl Chain.
(2) 
Includes a decrease in accrued capital expenditures of $25 million and $29 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
21. Revenue Recognition
The Company has certain contracts that represent take-or-pay revenue arrangements in which the Company's performance obligations extend over multiple years. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $750 million of remaining performance obligations related to take-or-pay contracts. The Company expects to recognize approximately $194 million of its remaining performance obligations as Net sales in 2019, $203 million in 2020, $152 million in 2021 and the balance thereafter.
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily relate to advances or deposits received from the Company's customers before revenue is recognized. These amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are included in Noncurrent Other liabilities in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets (Note 9).
The Company does not have any material contract assets as of March 31, 2019.
Disaggregated Revenue
In general, the Company's business segmentation is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of its products and customer relationships and provides meaningful disaggregation of each business segment's results of operations.

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Table of Contents

The Company manages its Engineered Materials business segment through its project management pipeline, which is comprised of a broad range of projects which are solutions-based and are tailored to each customers' unique needs. Projects are identified and selected based on success rate and may involve a number of different polymers per project for use in multiple end-use applications. Therefore, the Company is agnostic toward products and end-use markets for the Engineered Materials business segment.
Within the Acetate Tow business segment, the Company's primary product is acetate tow, which is managed through contracts with a few major tobacco companies and accounts for a significant amount of filters used in cigarette production worldwide.
The Company manages its Acetyl Chain business segment by leveraging its ability to sell chemicals externally to end-use markets or downstream to its emulsion polymers business. Decisions to sell externally and geographically or downstream and along the Acetyl Chain are based on market demand, trade flows and maximizing the value of its chemicals. Therefore, the Company's strategic focus is on executing within this integrated chain model and less on driving product-specific revenue.
Further disaggregation of Net sales by business segment and geographic destination is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(In $ millions)
Engineered Materials
 
 
 
North America
196

 
179

Europe and Africa
302

 
337

Asia-Pacific
148

 
132

South America
17

 
17

Total
663