Form 20-F
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 27, 2015

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

Commission file number 001-15266

 

 

BANCO DE CHILE

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

BANK OF CHILE

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

REPUBLIC OF CHILE

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Banco de Chile

Paseo Ahumada 251

Santiago, Chile

(562) 2637-1111

(Address of principal executive offices)

Rolando Arias Sánchez

Banco de Chile

Paseo Ahumada 251

Santiago, Chile

Telephone: (562) 2653-3535

Facsimile: (562) 2653-2952

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 600 shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value (“ADSs”)   New York Stock Exchange
Shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value  

New York Stock Exchange

(for listing purposes only)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

Shares of common stock: 94,655,367,544

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer    x                Accelerated filer  ¨                Non-accelerated filer ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP  ¨

   IFRS  x    Other  ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    ¨  Item 17    ¨  Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page   

PART I

     1   

Item 1

 

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

     1   

Item 2

 

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

     1   

Item 3

 

Key Information

     1   

Item 4

 

Information on the Company

     14   

Item 4B

 

Unresolved Staff Comments

     102   

Item 5

 

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

     103   

Item 6

 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

     142   

Item 7

 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

     157   

Item 8

 

Financial Information

     164   

Item 9

 

The Offer and Listing

     168   

Item 10

 

Additional Information

     170   

Item 11

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     192   

Item 12

 

Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

     192   

Item 12A

 

Debt Securities

     192   

Item 12B

 

Warrants and Rights

     192   

Item 12C

 

Other Securities

     192   

Item 12D

 

American Depositary Shares

     192   

PART II

     193   

Item 13

 

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

     193   

Item 14

 

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

     193   

Item 15

 

Controls and Procedures

     193   

Item 16A

 

Audit Committee Financial Expert

     194   

Item 16B

 

Code of Ethics

     194   

Item 16C

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     194   

Item 16D

 

Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

     195   

Item 16E

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

     195   

Item 16F

 

Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

     195   

Item 16G

 

Corporate Governance

     195   

 

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PART III

     198   

Item 17

 

Financial Statements

     198   

Item 18

 

Financial Statements

     198   

Item 19

 

Exhibits

     198   

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we have based these forward-looking statements on our expectations and projections about future events, it is possible that actual results may differ materially from our expectations. In many cases, we include a discussion of the factors that are most likely to cause forward-looking statements to differ from actual results together with the forward-looking statements themselves. These statements appear throughout this annual report, including, without limitation, under “Item 4. Information on the Company” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Examples of such forward-looking statements include:

 

 

projections of operating revenues, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios;

 

 

statements of our plans, objectives or goals, including those related to anticipated trends, competition and regulation;

 

 

statements about market risks, including interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk;

 

 

statements about our future economic performance or that of Chile or other countries in which we operate; and

 

 

statements of assumptions underlying such statements.

Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “aims,” “seeks,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “objective,” “estimate,” “project,” “potential,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These statements may relate to (i) our asset growth and financing plans, (ii) trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations and (iii) the impact of competition and regulations, but are not limited to such topics. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements included in this annual report as a result of various factors (including, without limitation, the actions of competitors, future global economic conditions, market conditions, foreign exchange rates and operating and financial risks), many of which are beyond our control. The occurrence of any such factors not currently expected by us could significantly alter the results set forth in these statements.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely include, but are not limited to:

 

 

changes in general economic, business, political or other conditions in Chile, or changes in general economic or business conditions in Latin America, the United States, Europe or Asia;

 

 

changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes towards lending to Chile or Chilean companies;

 

 

increased costs;

 

 

increased competition and changes in competition or pricing environments, including the effect of new technological developments;

 

 

unanticipated increases in financing and other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms;

 

 

natural disasters;

 

 

the effect of tax laws on our business; and

 

 

the factors discussed under “—Risk Factors.”

 

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You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. This cautionary statement should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to such forward-looking statements after the filing of this annual report to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in Chilean pesos and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards in effect from time to time as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).

Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included in this annual report with respect to 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 has been derived from financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. See Note 2(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Chilean GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to any of our financial information presented under Chilean GAAP. Accordingly, readers should avoid such comparison.

For comparison purposes and as a result of changes in certain accounting policies, some line items in our consolidated statement of income and balance sheet have been reclassified for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policies—New Standards Adopted in 2014”, as well as Notes 3 and 4 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

In this annual report, references to “$,” “U.S.$,” “U.S. dollars” and “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos (see Note 2(t) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report), and references to “UF” are to “Unidades de Fomento.” The UF is an inflation indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos that is linked to and adjusted daily to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (the “Chilean National Statistics Institute”). As of December 31, 2014 and April 17, 2015, one UF equaled Ch$24,627.10 and Ch$24,690.69, respectively.

This annual report contains translations of certain Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for your convenience. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts, were converted from U.S. dollars at the rate indicated in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Until November 30, 2011, Banco de Chile applied the observed exchange rate reported by the Banco Central de Chile (the “Central Bank”) in order to translate its financial statements from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars. However, beginning December 1, 2011, Banco de Chile adopted the exchange rate of accounting representation, or spot exchange rate, for such matters. This is also described in “Item 3. Key Information—Selected Financial Data—Exchange Rates.” Thus, unless otherwise indicated, the U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Chilean pesos based on the exchange rate of accounting representation as of December 31, 2014 as determined by our Treasury on a daily basis, based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg for the Santiago Stock Exchange. The exchange rate of accounting representation on April 17, 2015 was Ch$612.79 = U.S. $1.00. As of the same date, the observed exchange rate was Ch$612.30 = U.S.$1.00.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.

Unless otherwise specified, all references in this annual report to total loans are to loans to customers before deducting allowances for loan losses, and they do not include loans to banks or contingent loans. In addition, all market share data and financial indicators for the Chilean banking system as compared to Banco de Chile’s financial information presented in this annual report are based on information published periodically by the SBIF which is published under Chilean GAAP and prepared on a consolidated basis.

 

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In this annual report, “past-due loans” are any loans for which the counterparty has failed to make a payment when contractually due, including installments that are overdue, plus the remaining balance of principal and interest on such loans. In order to distinguish between different overdue time periods, the corresponding time period is included after the term “Past-due Loans” (for example, “Past-due Loans—90 days or more”). For more information, please see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance.”

According to Chilean regulations and for the purposes of this annual report, regulatory capital (“Regulatory Capital”) consists of:

 

 

basic capital, which is composed of our paid-in capital, reserves and retained earnings, excluding capital attributable to subsidiaries and foreign branches (“Basic Capital”); and

 

 

supplementary capital, which is composed of the following: (i) our subordinated bonds, considered at issue price (reduced by 20% for each year during the period commencing six years prior to maturity), but not exceeding 50% of our Basic Capital; plus (ii) our voluntary allowances for loan losses (up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets to the extent voluntary allowances exceed those that banks are required to maintain by law or regulation); minus (iii) our goodwill and unconsolidated investments in companies (“Supplementary Capital”).

Certain figures included in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this annual report have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this annual report may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014. Certain other amounts that appear in this annual report may similarly not sum due to rounding.

Inflation figures are those reported by the Chilean National Statistics Institute, unless otherwise stated herein or required by the context.

MACRO-ECONOMIC AND MARKET DATA

In this annual report, all macro-economic data relating to the Chilean economy is based on information published by the Chilean Central Bank. All market share data, financial indicators and other data relating to the Chilean financial system are based on information published periodically by the SBIF, which is published under Chilean GAAP and prepared on a consolidated basis.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not Applicable.

 

Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not Applicable.

 

Item 3 Key Information

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present historical financial information about us as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The following tables should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The financial information for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 is presented under IFRS.

Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012     2013     2014     2014  
    (in millions of Ch$, except share and per share data)     (in thousands of
U.S.$)
 

IFRS:

           

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA

           

Interest revenue

  Ch$ 1,092,003      Ch$ 1,501,684      Ch$ 1,672,766      Ch$ 1,765,942      Ch$ 2,045,604      U.S.$ 3,375,083   

Interest expense

    (324,377     (624,209     (708,629     (704,371     (788,788     (1,301,437
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

    767,626        877,475        964,137        1,061,571        1,256,816        2,073,646   

Net fees and commissions income

    277,566        290,108        287,272        287,093        272,188        449,089   

Net financial operating income

    17,163        58,101        16,199        32,672        35,204        58,084   

Foreign exchange transactions, net

    63,762        (7,973     35,136        71,457        70,225        115,866   

Other operating income

    23,584        24,735        20,887        25,884        27,211        44,896   

Provisions for loan losses

    (157,651     (146,925     (166,420     (221,653     (261,566     (431,563

Total operating expenses

    (529,969     (595,000     (612,934     (619,530     (727,360     (1,200,086

Income attributable to associates

    1,609        3,054        (468     1,780        2,486        4,102   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    463,690        503,575        543,809        639,274        675,204        1,114,034   

Income taxes

    (46,425     (65,431     (63,928     (89,085     (79,685     (131,474
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income from continued operations, net of taxes

  Ch$ 417,265      Ch$ 438,144      Ch$ 479,881      Ch$ 550,189      Ch$ 595,519      U.S.$ 982,560   

Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes

           
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income for the year

  Ch$ 417,265      Ch$ 438,144      Ch$ 479,881      Ch$ 550,189      Ch$ 595,519      U.S.$ 982,560   

Attributable to:

           

Equity holders of the parent

    417,264        438,143        479,880        550,188        595,518        982,558   

Non-controlling interest

    1        1        1        1        1        2   

Earnings per share(2)

    4.78        4.83        5.28        5.82        6.29        0.010   

Earnings per ADS

    2,866.79        2,896.33        3,170.05        3,494.31        3,774.87        6.23   

Dividends per share(3)

    3.50        3.38        3.41        3.90        3.98        0.006   

Weighted average number of shares (in millions)

    87,330.83        90,765.46        90,827.88        94,471.77        94,655.37     

 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012     2013     2014     2014  
    (in millions of Ch$, except share and per share data)     (in thousands of
U.S.$)
 

IFRS:

           

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

           

Cash and due from banks

  Ch$ 772,329      Ch$ 881,146      Ch$ 684,925      Ch$ 873,308      Ch$ 915,133      U.S.$ 1,509,896   

Transactions in the course of collection

    429,756        373,639        310,077        300,026        356,185        587,677   

Financial assets held-for-trading

    279,765        269,861        159,682        326,921        293,458        484,182   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

    82,787        47,981        35,100        82,422        27,661        45,638   

Derivative instruments

    488,354        381,055        326,083        374,687        832,267        1,373,174   

Loans and advances to banks

    349,588        648,425        1,343,322        1,062,056        1,155,365        1,906,260   

Loans to customers, net

    14,029,968        17,023,756        18,383,958        20,441,472        21,400,775        35,309,566   

Financial assets available-for-sale

    1,157,105        1,471,120        1,272,316        1,681,883        1,608,796        2,654,385   

Investments in other companies

    11,072        13,196        11,674        14,407        23,043        38,019   

Intangible assets

    88,463        81,026        75,610        72,223        66,859        110,312   

Property and equipment

    204,352        207,888        205,189        197,578        205,403        338,899   

Investment properties

    17,459        17,079        16,698        16,317        15,936        26,293   

Current tax assets

    3,363        —          —          —          —          —     

Deferred tax assets, net

    57,678        60,025        55,801        56,421        94,240        155,488   

Other assets

    304,425        279,804        317,765        373,987        586,555        967,769   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  Ch$ 18,276,464      Ch$ 21,756,001      Ch$ 23,198,200      Ch$ 25,873,708      Ch$ 27,581,676      U.S.$ 45,507,558   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current accounts and other demand deposits

    4,446,181        4,895,426        5,470,971        5,984,332        6,934,373        11,441,161   

Transactions in the course of payment

    208,750        155,424        72,684        51,898        53,049        87,527   

Cash collateral on securities lent and repurchase agreements

    81,755        223,202        226,396        256,766        249,482        411,625   

Saving accounts and time deposits

    7,697,968        9,282,324        9,612,950        10,402,725        9,721,246        16,039,278   

Derivative instruments

    528,445        429,913        380,322        426,110        827,123        1,364,687   

Borrowings from financial institutions

    1,281,372        1,690,939        1,108,681        989,465        1,098,716        1,812,793   

Debt issued

    1,764,165        2,388,341        3,273,933        4,366,960        5,057,956        8,345,223   

Other financial obligations

    179,160        184,785        162,123        210,926        186,573        307,831   

Currents tax liabilities

    —          3,095        23,189        7,131        19,030        31,398   

Deferred tax liabilities, net

    —          —          —          —          —          —     

Provisions

    114,685        131,344        141,839        154,650        185,643        306,296   

Employee benefits

    55,433        60,634        64,545        67,944        81,515        134,493   

Other liabilities

    224,225        269,905        305,105        275,762        255,995        422,369   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  Ch$ 16,582,139      Ch$ 19,715,332      Ch$ 20,842,738      Ch$ 23,194,669      Ch$ 24,670,701      U.S.$ 40,704,681   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

    1,694,325        2,040,669        2,355,462        2,679,039        2,910,975        4,802,877   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

  Ch$ 18,276,464      Ch$ 21,756,001      Ch$ 23,198,200      Ch$ 25,873,708      Ch$ 27,581,676      U.S.$ 45,507,558   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(See footnotes below)

 

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Table of Contents
     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  

IFRS:

          

CONSOLIDATED RATIOS

          

Profitability and Performance

          

Net interest margin(4)

     4.87     4.80     4.68     4.67     5.12

Return on average total assets(5)

     2.37        2.16        2.14        2.25        2.24   

Return on average equity(6)

     24.98        22.61        21.71        20.67        20.98   

Capital

          

Average equity as a percentage of average total assets

     9.50        9.53        9.85        10.90        10.67   

Bank regulatory capital as a percentage of minimum regulatory capital

     232.92        245.53        269.50        274.26        279.83   

Ratio of liabilities to regulatory capital(7)

     12.98        12.30        11.11        10.90        10.65   

Credit Quality

          

Substandard loans as a percentage of total loans(8)

     5.46        2.87        3.31        3.48        3.79   

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of substandard loans(8)

     44.33        72.58        62.42        60.52        59.17   

Provision for loan losses as a percentage of average loans

     1.16        0.92        0.92        1.12        1.21   

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans

     2.42        2.09        2.07        2.10        2.24   

Operating Ratios

          

Operating expenses/operating revenue

     46.10        47.89        46.31        41.90        43.77   

Operating expenses/average total assets

     3.01     2.93     2.73     2.54     2.73

 

(1) Translations of Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars are based on the exchange rate of accounting representation, or the spot exchange rate, which is determined on a daily basis by our Treasury, based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg for the Santiago Stock Exchange. Thus, amounts stated in U.S. dollars as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 have been translated from Chilean pesos based on the spot exchange rate of Ch$606.09 to U.S. $1.00 as of December 31, 2014.
(2) Earnings per share data have been calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year.
(3) Dividends per share data are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(4) Annualized net interest income divided by average interest earning assets. The average balances for interest earning assets, including interest and readjustments, have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. Net interest margin does not include the interest earned on trading securities, which is accounted for under Other Income (Loss), Net.
(5) Annualized net income (loss) divided by average total assets. The average balances for total assets have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries.
(6) Annualized net income (loss) divided by average equity. The average balances for equity have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances.
(7) Total liabilities divided by bank regulatory capital.
(8) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Analysis of Substandard and Past-Due Loans.”

 

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Exchange Rates

As a general matter, prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign currency only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank. The Ley Orgánica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile 18,840 (the “Central Bank Act”) liberalized the rules governing the purchase and sale of foreign currency. The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Formal (the “Formal Exchange Market”). The Formal Exchange Market is composed of banks and other entities so authorized by the Central Bank. The observed exchange rate for any given day equals the average exchange rate of the transactions conducted in the Formal Exchange Market on the immediately preceding banking day, as certified by the Central Bank. Even though the Central Bank is authorized to carry out its transactions at the rates it sets, it generally uses the spot rate for its transactions. Authorized transactions by other banks are generally carried out at the spot rate.

Purchases and sales of foreign exchange are not required to be conducted in the Formal Exchange Market and therefore may be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Informal (the “Informal Exchange Market”). There are no price limits imposed on transactions carried out in the Informal Exchange Market. On March 31, 2015, the average exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market was Ch$626.9 per U.S.$1.00, or 0.005% higher than the observed exchange rate of Ch$626.87 per U.S.$1.00 reported by the Central Bank on the same date in 2014.

The following table sets forth the annual low, high, average and period-end observed exchange rate for U.S. dollars for each referenced period, as reported by the Central Bank:

 

     Daily Observed Exchange Rate Ch$ per U.S.$(1)  

Year

   Low(2)      High(2)      Average(3)      Period  End(4)  
      (in Ch$)  

2010

     468.37         549.17         510.25         468.37   

2011

     455.91         533.74         483.67         521.46   

2012

     469.65         519.69         486.49         478.60   

2013

     466.50         533.95         495.35         523.76   

2014

     524.61         621.41         570.37         607.38   

October 2014

     576.65         599.22         589.98         576.65   

November 2014

     576.50         600.37         592.46         598.94   

December 2014

     605.46         621.41         612.92         607.38   

2015 (through April 17)

     606.75         642.18         622.21         612.30   

January 2015

     606.75         629.09         620.91         626.48   

February 2015

     616.86         632.19         623.62         617.67   

March 2015

     617.38         642.18         628.50         626.87   

April 2015 (through April 17)

     610.74         626.58         615.82         612.30   

 

Source: Central Bank.

 

(1) Figures are expressed in nominal terms.
(2) Exchange rates are the actual low and high, on a day-by-day basis for each period.
(3) For full years, the average of monthly average rates during the year. For full months, the daily average during the month.
(4) As reported by the Central Bank on the first business day of the following period.

The observed exchange rate on April 17, 2015 was Ch$612.30 = U.S.$1.00. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.

Until November 30, 2011, Banco de Chile applied the observed exchange rate as reported by the Central Bank in order to translate its financial statements from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars. However, beginning December 1, 2011, Banco de Chile adopted the exchange rate of accounting representation, or spot exchange rate, for such matters. The exchange rate of accounting representation is determined on a daily basis by our Treasury based on the average of the daily closing bid and offer rates reported by Bloomberg, for the Santiago Stock Exchange.

 

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RISK FACTORS

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not know about or that we currently think are immaterial may also impair our business operations in the future. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.

We are also subject to market risks that are presented both in this subsection and in Note 42 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry

The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses.

During the last five years, our total loan portfolio has grown at a compounded average growth rate of 10.7% per year. The expansion in our loan portfolio has been primarily fostered by growth in both residential mortgage and consumer loans, and, to a lesser extent, by an expansion in commercial loans. The growth in our loan book is aligned with our mid-term strategic goals, which seek to diversify our business model and optimize our risk-return relationship. In this regard, we recognize that our focus on the retail banking segment may expose us to higher levels of loan losses and may require us to establish higher levels of allowances for loan losses in the future. For this reason, we are constantly striving to develop and utilize improved risk models and procedures in order to mitigate the risks associated with business growth. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our loan portfolio was Ch$21,891,333 million, which represented a 4.8% annual increase as compared to the Ch$20,880,770 million we recorded as of December 31, 2013. Similarly, our allowances for loans losses increased 11.7% from Ch$439,298 million in 2013 to Ch$490,558 million in 2014. As a result, our ratio of allowances for loan losses to total loans slightly increased over that period, from 2.10% in 2013 to 2.24% in 2014.

Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.

We cannot assure you that our loan portfolio will continue to grow at the same rates as it has in the past. The loan portfolio of the Chilean banking industry has grown at a compounded average growth rate of 11.8% over the last five years (excluding the operations of subsidiaries abroad). This expansion has been fostered by an overall effort of all market participants to broaden their value offerings and increase banking penetration of lower and middle income segments, as well as small and medium-sized companies. As a result, loan growth has been mainly prompted by the expansion in consumer and mortgage loans, and—to a lesser extent—by growth in commercial loans. These efforts have also been supported by the positive cycle observed in the Chilean economy over the same five-year period. However, a slowdown or negative GDP growth, as well as a change in the behavior of banking customers, could adversely affect the growth rate of the industry and, therefore, the expansion of our loan portfolio while affecting our credit quality indicators and, accordingly, leading us to increase the allowances for loan losses. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.”

Restrictions imposed by banking regulations may constrain our operations and thereby adversely affect our financial condition and results.

We are subject to regulation by the SBIF. In addition, we are subject to regulation by the Central Bank with respect to certain matters, including interest rates and foreign exchange transactions. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision.”

Pursuant to the Ley General de Bancos (the “General Banking Law”) all Chilean banks may, subject to the approval of the SBIF, engage in certain non-banking businesses approved by the law. The SBIF’s approval will depend on the risk of the activity and the strength of the bank. Furthermore, the General Banking Law imposes on the Chilean banking system a modified version of the capital adequacy guidelines issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices (the “Basel Committee”) and limits the discretion of the SBIF to deny new banking licenses.

 

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In recent years the Chilean government has focused on consumer protection. Thus, between 2010 and 2014, a number of legal and administrative regulations have been enacted, amended and revoked in order to reinforce consumer protection in all relevant aspects of the financial relationship between consumers and financial institutions. In this regard, and for any other general matters, we cannot assure that regulators will not impose more restrictive limitations in the future on the activities of banks, including us, than those that are currently in effect. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition in a fashion that we cannot determine in advance. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision.”

Regarding Basel III, the SBIF has suggested these guidelines may be implemented in Chile in the future, which could impose new requirements for all Chilean banks, including us. In fact, the Chilean Ministry of Finance has announced that the implementation of Basel III is a priority for the current administration and, therefore, a set of amendments to the General Banking Law will be presented for approval to the Chilean congress. In addition to Basel III, the Finance Ministry has announced that these amendments will also include changes in the corporate governance of the SBIF, reinforcing the independence of the local regulator and establishing a dispute resolution system for Chilean banks. However, it is not clear yet as to when and how Basel III will finally be implemented in Chile, since the SBIF has also recognized the possibility of adapting these rules to the local market. Similarly, there is no certainty as to when the changes to the General Banking Law could go into effect. Despite this, we do not expect this regulatory body will affect our profitability or results of operations in 2015. Nevertheless, we cannot ensure that these new rules will not affect our financial performance in the future, if adopted.

In regards to liquidity, during 2014, the Chilean Central Bank released a proposal of new liquidity standards for local banks, which is based on Basel III guidelines. After receiving comments for the proposed set of rules, the Central Bank published a final version in January of 2015. In addition, the SBIF is the institution empowered to put these guidelines into practice and monitor them on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, in February of 2015, the SBIF introduced a draft of these rules for comment and discussion. The first stage of these new liquidity requirements is intended to improve the information—in quantity and quality—about the situation of banks without imposing specific limits. Nevertheless, regulatory thresholds are expected to be defined and implemented by 2016. Although this new regulatory body will not affect our operations and results for the year ended December 31, 2015, we cannot be sure that the new liquidity requirements will not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

As for credit risk allowances, on December 30, 2014 the SBIF published a set of amendments to the regulations on allowances for potential loan losses. These new rules establish a standardized method for calculating provisions for loan losses for residential mortgage loans, based on past-due behavior and loan-to-value ratios, while supplementing and defining provisioning rules for the impaired loan portfolio. In addition, this set of rules also addressed the possibility of putting into practice standardized credit risk provisioning models for consumer and commercial loan portfolios evaluated on a grouped basis. Lastly, the new guidelines also introduced changes to the treatment of provisions related to factoring loans. This new set of rules will go into effect on January 1, 2016. It is important to mention that the implementation of standardized credit risk provisioning models would only have an effect—if any—on our results of operations or financial condition prepared under Chilean GAAP, which differ to some extent from IFRS as issued by the IASB. The adoption of these guidelines will not have any impact on our results of operations or financial condition under IFRS.

Increased competition and industry consolidation may adversely affect our operations.

The Chilean market for financial services is highly competitive. We compete with Chilean and foreign banks, with Banco del Estado de Chile, which is government-owned, and with large department stores that are allowed to grant consumer loans to a large portion of the Chilean population, especially in the low and middle-income segments, through credit card financing. In addition, the retail segment (which encompasses individuals and small and medium-sized companies) has become the target market of several banks, since banking penetration is still in progress in Chile. Accordingly, competition within this market is increasing as banks are continuously incorporating new and tailored products and services, while striving to improve service quality. As a result, net interest margins (once deducted provisions for loan losses) in these sub-segments are likely to decline over time.

 

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We also face competition from non-banking competitors in some of our credit products, especially credit cards and consumer loans. In these markets, competition from non-banking companies like large department stores, private compensation funds and saving and credit cooperatives has become increasingly significant. In addition, we face competition from other types of lenders, such as leasing, factoring and automobile financing companies (especially in credit products), as well as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies within the market for savings products and mortgage loans. Nevertheless, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual fund management, while growing quickly in insurance brokerage services. However, we cannot assure you that this trend will continue in the future.

Lastly, in the past, increasing competition within the Chilean banking industry has been accompanied by a consolidation wave and the entry of international players to the system through multiple mergers and acquisitions. We expect these trends will continue and result in the creation of larger and stronger banking conglomerates offering a wide range of products and services while targeting most of the segments in the Chilean banking market. These trends may adversely impact our results of operations as they may translate into higher interest rates paid on deposits and lower interest rates earned on loans, resulting in decreased net interest margins.

See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition.”

Our exposure to certain segments of the retail market could lead to higher levels of total past-due loans and subsequent charge-offs.

Although we have historically been focused on wholesale banking, over the last five years we have reoriented our commercial strategy to increase our focus on the retail and the wholesale banking segments. Accordingly, the share of the retail banking segment in our total loan book has increased from 45.7% in 2009 to 53.6% in 2014. Although this trend has been associated with expansion in middle and higher income personal banking, our retail banking segment is also composed of small and medium-sized companies (approximately 11.4% of our total loan book as of December 31, 2014, which consists of companies with annual sales of up to Ch$1,600 million) and, to a lesser extent, of lower-income individuals (approximately 3.7% of our total loan book as of December 31, 2014, which consists of individuals with monthly incomes ranging from Ch$170,000 to Ch$500,000). These customers are likely to be more severely affected by adverse developments in the Chilean economy than large corporations and higher-income individuals. Consequently, in the future, we may be exposed to higher levels of past-due loans and subsequent write-offs, which could result in materially higher allowances for loan losses that could adversely affect our results of operations.

As of December 31, 2014 our past-due loans (loans 90 days or more past-due) reached Ch$272,983 million, which represented a 15.3% annual increase as compared to the Ch$236,730 million recorded in 2013. Also, as of December 31, 2014 our past-due loans (loans 90 days or more past-due) were composed of 80.6% retail banking 90 days or more past-due loans (consumer and residential mortgage loans to individuals, as well as commercial loans to small and medium sized companies) and 19.4% wholesale banking 90 days or more past-due loans (commercial loans to large companies and corporations). During the prior fiscal year, our past-due loans (90 days or more) portfolio was composed of 79.1% retail banking past due loans (90 days or more) and 20.9% wholesale banking past due loans (90 days or more).

The annual increase of Ch$36,253 million in the amount of past-due loans (90 days or more) was mainly attributable to the retail banking segment, including both SME and personal banking. In fact, 78.3% of the annual variance was attributable to past-due loans (90 days or more) in retail banking and the remaining 21.7% of the annual variance was attributable to past-due loans (90 days or more) in the wholesale banking segment past-due loans. This is in line with the growth displayed by both segments within our total loan book. Additionally, the higher delinquency in retail banking loans was generally aligned with a less robust economic environment, which worsened with the economic slowdown of 2014. Although certain indicators that directly affect the retail banking segment—such as unemployment—remained at positive levels during 2014, there was a counterbalance between the employed and self-employed work force. Moreover, diverse surveys have reflected the negative outlook held by individuals with respect to the local economy. In light of these trends, we have tightened the entire credit process, from assessment to collection, while introducing stricter requirements related to collateral, financial burden, loan-to-value, etc. Nonetheless, we cannot assure you the trend in past-due loans (90 days or more) will not continue if global or local economic conditions deteriorate in the future.

 

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For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Principal Business Activities.”

One of our affiliates may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends.

As of December 31, 2014, Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada S.A. (“SAOS”), our affiliate, held 30.21% of our shares as a consequence of our 1996 reorganization. This reorganization was due in part to the 1989 repurchase by the Central Bank of certain non-performing loans that we had previously sold to the Central Bank and later exchanged for subordinated debt without a fixed term. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt.”

In exchange for assuming the Central Bank debt, SAOS received from SM-Chile S.A. (“SM-Chile”), a holding company that controls SAOS, a stake of 63.6% of our shares as collateral for this debt. Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOS’s revenues, which—in turn—must be used to repay this debt. To the extent distributed dividends were not sufficient to pay the amount due on this debt, SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If this cumulative deficit balance exceeds 20% of our paid-in capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of our shares to pay the entire amount of the accumulated deficit. As of March 31, 2015, SAOS maintained a surplus with the Central Bank of Ch$484,560 million, equivalent to 19.2% of our paid-in capital and reserves as of the same date.

Furthermore, if our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance future growth and to distribute stock dividends, the Central Bank may require us to pay in cash to SAOS the portion of net income corresponding to its economic stake in our shares. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. SM-Chile shareholders will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.

If SAOS is required to sell shares of our stock for any of the aforementioned circumstances in the public market, that sale could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our stock.

The results of our operations are affected by interest rate volatility and inflation.

The results of our operations depend to a great extent on our net interest income, which represented 75.5% of our total operating revenues in 2014. Changes in nominal interest rates and inflation could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, resulting in net income reduction. Inflation and interest rates are highly sensitive to several factors beyond our control, including the Central Bank’s monetary policy, deregulation of the Chilean financial sector, domestic and international economic and political conditions, among other factors. Any volatility in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The average annual short-term nominal interest rate in Chile for 90 to 360 day deposits received by Chilean financial institutions was 5.90% in 2012, 5.20% in 2013, and 3.91% in 2014. The average long-term nominal interest rate based on the interest rate of the Central Bank’s five-year bonds traded in the secondary market was 5.34% in 2012, 5.20% in 2013 and 4.43% in 2014.

Inflation in Chile has been moderate in recent years, especially in comparison with periods of high inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy, consumer purchasing power, household consumption and investment in machinery and equipment and, therefore, the demand for financing and our business. The annual inflation rate (as measured by annual changes in the CPI and as reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics) during the last five years and the first three months of 2015 was:

 

Year

   Inflation
(CPI Variation)
 

2010

     3.0   

2011

     4.4   

2012

     1.5   

2013

     3.0   

2014

     4.6   

2015 (through March 31)

     1.1

 

Source: Chilean National Institute of Statistics

 

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Although we benefit from a higher than expected inflation rate in Chile due to the structure of our assets and liabilities (we have a significant net asset position indexed to the inflation rate), significant changes in inflation with respect to current levels could adversely affect our results of operations and, therefore, the value of both our shares and ADSs.

For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Overview—Inflation” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Overview—Interest Rates.”

Operational problems, errors, criminal events or terrorism may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As all large financial institutions, we are exposed to many operational risks, including the risk of fraud by employees and outsiders, failure to obtain suitable internal authorizations, failure to properly document transactions, equipment failures, errors made by employees and natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis and floods. Furthermore, we are exposed to criminal events or terrorist attacks resulting in physical damage to our buildings (including our headquarters, offices, branches and ATMs) and/or injury to customers, employees and others. Although we maintain a system of operational controls composed of world-class human and technological resources, as well as comprehensive contingency plans and security procedures, there can be no assurances that operational problems, errors, criminal events or terrorist attacks will not occur and that their occurrence will not have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and the value of our shares and ADSs.

Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation or results of operations and may result in litigation.

We have access to large amounts of confidential financial information and hold substantial financial assets belonging to our customers as well as to us. In addition, we provide our customers with continuous remote access to their accounts and the possibility of transferring substantial financial assets by electronic means. Accordingly, cybersecurity is a material risk for us.

We depend on a variety of Internet-based data processing, communication, and information exchange platforms and networks. We cannot assure you that all of our systems are entirely free from vulnerability. Additionally, we enter into contracts with several third parties to provide our customers with data and communication services. Therefore, if information security is breached, or if one of our employees breaches compliance procedures, information could be lost or misappropriated, which may affect our results of operations, damage others or result in potential litigation.

We are also exposed to the risk of cyber-attacks and other cybersecurity incidents in the normal course of business. There has been an increased level of attention focused recently on cyber-attacks against large corporations that include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating cash, other assets or sensitive information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity incidents such as computer break-ins, phishing, identity theft and other disruptions could negatively affect the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure, which may result in significant liability to us in excess of insurance coverage, and may cause existing and potential customers to refrain from doing business with us. Although we, with the help of service providers, intend to continuously implement security technology devices and establish operational procedures to prevent such damage, we cannot assure you that these security measures will be successful.

 

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We may lose revenue if we are unable to renew our global connectivity agreement with Citigroup Inc.

On December 27, 2007, we entered into a global connectivity agreement with Citigroup Inc. (as amended, the “Global Connectivity Agreement”). The Global Connectivity Agreement enables us and our clients to become part of Citigroup’s global network and provides a framework for us, Citigroup and our respective affiliates to direct certain types of business to our companies. The Global Connectivity Agreement sets forth the terms of our relationship with respect to investment banking services and other services such as international personal banking, cash management and treasury operations, among others. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”

The Global Connectivity Agreement expires on January 1, 2016. We cannot predict if this agreement will be renewed, or if it is renewed, what the renewal terms would be. Although we would continue to provide the services governed by the Global Connectivity Agreement even if it is not renewed, any loss of the exclusivity or referral provisions in the Global Connectivity Agreement could result in significantly less revenues from the services listed above and any profits we would generate from these services. Our preliminary estimates suggest that the potentially lost revenues (net of direct costs associated with services provided to customers) directly related to these services could be as much as U.S.$12.5 million per year.

Risks Relating to our ADSs

Our principal shareholders may have interests that differ from those of our other shareholders and their significant share ownership may have an adverse effect on the future market price of our ADSs and shares.

As of April 17, 2015, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (“LQIF”), a holding company beneficially owned by Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup Chile S.A., holds directly and indirectly approximately 51.2% of the voting rights of our shares. These principal shareholders are in a position to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors, direct our management and control all matters decided by a shareholder vote, including the approval of fundamental corporate transactions.

Actions by our principal shareholders with respect to the disposition of the shares or ADSs they beneficially own, or the perception that such actions may occur, may adversely affect the trading price of our shares on the various stock exchanges on which they are listed and, consequently, the market price of the ADSs.

There may be a lack of liquidity and a limited market for our shares and ADSs.

While our ADSs have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) since the first quarter of 2002, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our ADSs will be sustained. During 2014, a daily average volume of 67,287 of our American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) were traded on the NYSE, according to data provided by Bloomberg. Although our shares are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, the Chilean market for our shares in Chile is small and somewhat illiquid. As of April 17, 2015 approximately 25.1% of our outstanding shares were held by shareholders other than our principal shareholders, including LQIF, SM-Chile, SAOS and Ergas Group.

If an ADS holder withdraws the underlying shares from the ADR facility, the small size of the market, its limited liquidity, as well as our concentrated ownership, may impair the ability of the ADS holder to sell the shares in the Chilean market in the amount and at the price and time such holder desires, and could increase the volatility of the price of our ADSs.

You may be unable to exercise preemptive rights.

The Ley Sobre Sociedades Anónimas No. 18,046 (the “Chilean Corporations Law”) and the Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas (the “Chilean Corporations Regulations”) require that whenever we issue new common stock for cash, we grant preemptive rights to all of our shareholders (including holders of ADSs) to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Such an offering would not be possible unless a registration statement under the Securities Act were effective with respect to such rights and common stock or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder were available.

 

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We may elect not to make a registration statement available with respect to the preemptive rights and the common stock, in which case you may not be able to exercise your preemptive rights. If a registration statement is not filed, the depositary will sell such holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of any such sale.

Developments in international financial markets may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and shares.

The market price of our ADSs and shares may be adversely affected by volatility in international financial markets and adverse global economic conditions. The market for Chilean securities and the Chilean economy as a whole are, to diverse extents, influenced by economic and market conditions in the United States, Europe and certain emerging market economies, especially Asian countries, and also economic as well as political developments in Latin American countries. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors’ reactions to specific issues in one country may affect the financial markets in others, including Chile. Therefore, unfavorable developments in other countries—especially in developed economies and Chile’s main commercial partners—may adversely affect the market price of our ADSs and shares.

In particular, since August 2007, there has been significant volatility in worldwide financial markets due to consequences from the announcement, by several U.S. banks and financial institutions, of significant write-downs related to their exposure to mortgage-backed securities and other financial instruments. This situation, also known as the subprime crisis, translated into several and significant government bail-outs for important banks worldwide, bankruptcy for some others and an active M&A market in the financial industry intended to maintain the confidence of investors and customers, as well as avoiding bank runs. Although the Chilean economy was not directly exposed to the U.S. housing credit market and—historically—we have not directly held any assets related to such financial instruments, the subprime crisis impacted the Chilean economy by the end of 2008, including banking activity. Currently, the U.S. economy seems to be overcoming the effects of the subprime crisis, as evidenced by recovering mid-term growth rates and improving employment and consumption indicators, while the Federal Reserve is tapering the quantitative easing monetary policy it has used for the past several years. However, we cannot assure you that these past developments will not occur again in the future or that any future developments in international markets will not affect us, including our results of operations and, consequently, the market price of our ADSs and shares.

Financial deterioration in certain European countries was another indirect effect of the subprime crisis that occurred in the United States. Our exposure to European sovereign debt is not significant; however, we cannot assure you that volatility in global financial markets due to the uncertainty regarding the fiscal condition of certain European countries will not continue and affect the Chilean economy and consequently the financial condition and results of operations of the entire Chilean banking system, including us. Accordingly, the price of our ADS could be adversely affected by a new financial turmoil in the Eurozone, political issues, armed conflicts, a slower than expected recovery, or a deterioration in healthier economies, such as Germany, that could translate into increasing volatility and uncertainty all over the world.

In the past, Chile has imposed controls on foreign investment and repatriation of investments that affected investments in, and earnings from, our ADSs.

Equity investments held in Chile by non-Chilean residents have historically been subject to various exchange control regulations that restrict the repatriation of investments and earnings from Chile. In April 2001, the Central Bank eliminated most of the regulations affecting foreign investors, although they still have to provide the Central Bank with information related to equity investments and must conduct such operations within the Formal Exchange Market. Additional Chilean restrictions applicable to holders of our ADSs, the disposition of the shares underlying them, the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition or the payment of dividends may be imposed in the future, and we can neither determine in advance nor advise you as to when or how those restrictions could impact you if imposed.

If for any reason, including changes in Chilean law, the depositary for our ADSs were unable to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars, investors would receive dividends and other distributions, if any, in Chilean pesos.

 

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Risks Relating to Chile

Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile.

Our core business and transactions are with customers doing business in Chile. Accordingly, our ability to grow our business volumes and results of operations, as well as enhance our financial condition, in general, depends on the dynamism of the Chilean economy and specific macroeconomic variables such as inflation, unemployment, interest rates, consumption and investment. The global financial crisis of 2008 that dramatically affected the economic growth in developed countries also affected the Chilean economy by the end of 2008 and during the first three quarters of 2009. This translated into a subsequent slowdown in the local banking industry due to lower levels of consumption and deteriorated credit quality in loan portfolios prompted by unemployment and financial stress experienced by certain economic sectors. Conversely, between 2010 and 2012 the local economy and the banking industry evidenced a significant upturn, fostered by real GDP growth that averaged 5.7% per year, mainly as a result of the recovery in consumption and investment, as well as higher fiscal spending associated with the reconstruction process after a significant earthquake in 2010. During 2013, the Chilean economy entered into a moderate slowdown by recording a 4.2% GDP expansion, which deepened throughout 2014 as both corporate and individual confidence continued to deteriorate. The slowdown was explained in part by both slower growth of Chile’s main commercial partners, especially China, and uncertainty associated with diverse reforms presented by the recently appointed administration that affected investment and consumption. Accordingly, the Chilean economy grew by only 1.9% in 2014, which was influenced by a 6.1% contraction in investment that was offset by a 2.2% expansion in private consumption. Although Chilean economic growth continues to be positive, we cannot assure you that the local economy will continue expanding in the future or that developments affecting the Chilean economy and the local banking industry will not materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. For more information, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Overview”.

Currency fluctuations could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and any distributions on the ADSs.

The Chilean Government’s economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso with respect to the U.S. dollar could affect the dollar value of our common stock and our ADSs. Given the floating exchange rate regime that exists in Chile, the Chilean peso has been subject to large fluctuations in the past and could continue this trend in the future. According to information published by the Chilean Central Bank, between December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2014, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Chilean peso increased by approximately 16.0%, as compared to the increase of 9.4% recorded in the period from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013. See “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange rates.”

Chilean trading in the shares underlying our ADSs is conducted in Chilean pesos. Cash dividends associated with our shares of common stock are received in Chilean pesos by the depositary, which then converts such amounts to U.S. dollars at the then-prevailing exchange rate for making payments in respect of our ADSs. If the value of the U.S. dollar increases relative to the Chilean peso, the dollar value of our ADSs and any distributions to be received from the depositary will decrease. In addition, the depositary will incur customary currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of our ADSs) in connection with the conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments. For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls.”

Our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar despite our policy and Chilean regulations related to the general avoidance of material exchange rate mismatches. In order to reduce the effect of exchange rate mismatches we enter into foreign exchange derivative transactions that hedge our exposure. As of December 31, 2014, our foreign currency-denominated assets and Chilean peso-denominated assets, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, exceeded our foreign currency-denominated liabilities and Chilean peso-denominated liabilities, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, by an amount of Ch$9,979 million, or 0.42% of our paid-in capital and reserves.

We may decide to change our policy regarding exchange rate mismatches. Regulations that limit such mismatches may also be amended or eliminated by regulatory institutions. Higher exchange rate mismatches will increase our exposure to the devaluation of the Chilean peso, and any such devaluation may impair our capacity to service foreign-currency obligations and may, therefore, materially and adversely affect us, our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the economic policies of the Chilean Government and any future fluctuations of the Chilean peso with respect to the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Chile has corporate disclosure standards different from those you may be familiar with in the United States.

Chilean disclosure requirements for publicly listed companies differ from those in the United States in some significant aspects. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, the Chilean securities markets are not as highly regulated and closely supervised as the U.S. securities markets. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information available to shareholders of a U.S. company. For more information, see “Item 16G. Corporate Governance.”

Chilean law provides shareholders with fewer and less well-defined rights.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our estatutos (bylaws) and the laws of Chile. Under such laws, our shareholders may have fewer or less well-defined rights than they might have as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction. For example, our shareholders would not be entitled to appraisal rights in the event of a merger or other business combination undertaken by us.

Recent changes in the Chilean tax system could impact the profitability of investments held by foreign and local investors.

In September 2014, the Chilean congress approved a law reforming the Chilean tax system. This tax reform (Law N° 20,780, defined terms in this risk factor are used as defined therein) gradually increases the first category tax or corporate tax rate between 2014 and 2018 while establishing two alternative tax regimes from 2017 onwards: (i) the Semi-Integrated Regime and (ii) the Attribution Regime. The tax reform increases the statutory corporate tax rate from 20.0% in 2013 to 21.0% in 2014, 22.5% in 2015 and 24.0% in 2016. From 2017 onwards, the statutory corporate tax rate will depend on the tax regime chosen by the owners of the taxpayer (the company). If the Semi-Integrated regime is selected, the company will be subject to a statutory corporate tax rate of 25.5% in 2017 and 27.0% from 2018 onwards. If, instead, the Attribution regime is selected, the company will be subject to a statutory corporate tax rate of 25.0% from 2017 onwards. At this time, we cannot anticipate which regime we will select in the future.

The tax reform will also affect the taxes levied on dividends received by investors that hold shares of common stock or ADS from 2017 onwards. Under the Semi-Integrated Regime, holders of shares or ADS will pay taxes on the dividends effectively received from the company (withholding tax of 35% for foreign investors and a general regime tax for local investors). Foreign investors from DTAT (Double Taxation Avoidance Treaty) countries will be able to use 100% of the corporate tax paid by the company as a tax credit. However, local investors and holders from non-DTAT countries will be permitted to use 65% of the corporate tax paid by the company as a tax credit. Accordingly, the effective tax rate paid by local (individual) investors or foreign holders could increase up to 44.5%. Under the Attribution Regime, holders of shares or ADS will pay taxes (withholding tax of 35.0% for foreign investors and personal taxes for individual local holders) on their proportional participation in the earnings before taxes generated by the company, regardless of whether cash dividends are distributed or not. Holders of shares or ADS will be permitted to use 100% of the corporate tax paid by the company as a tax credit.

Lastly, stock dividends (distributions on fully paid-in shares) are currently tax exempt when distributed. Under the new tax law, regardless of the regime that the owners of the company ultimately chooses, stock dividends will be subject to taxation. Furthermore, the new tax income law introduces certain changes to the treatment of capital gains associated with the sale of shares received as stock dividends.

For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations.”

Labor strikes or slowdowns could adversely affect our operations because the majority of our employees belong to labor unions.

We are a party to collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions. Disputes with regard to the terms of these agreements or our potential inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes,

 

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work stoppages, or other slowdowns by the affected workers. If unionized workers were to engage in a strike, work stoppage, or other slowdown, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience disruption of our operations or higher ongoing labor costs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees.”

On December 29, 2014 the government sent a labor reform bill to the Chilean congress for discussion and approval. The government stated that this bill was intended to strengthen and give more power to Chilean unions while prohibiting the replacement of workers during strikes. As a result, unions would enhance their negotiation position in collective bargaining processes. In addition, the reform involved some changes to the current labor framework by introducing certain flexibility in the contractual relationship between workers and companies. There is currently no certainty as to when and how this bill, if passed by the congress, will go into effect and, therefore, we cannot assure you that this bill will not have a material effect on our business.

 

Item 4 Information on the Company

History and Development of the Bank

Overview

We were founded in 1893, and we have been, for much of our history, among the largest and most profitable Chilean banks in terms of return on average assets and average equity in Chile. Our core business is commercial banking in Chile, providing traditional banking products and specialized financial services to our diversified customer base of individuals and companies.

Our legal name is Banco de Chile and we are organized as a banking corporation under the laws of Chile and were licensed by the SBIF to operate as a commercial bank on September 17, 1996. Our main executive offices are located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile, our telephone number is +56 (2) 2637-1111 and our website is www.bancochile.cl. Our representative in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, with offices at 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, Delaware 19711.

We are a full service financial institution that provides, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries, a wide variety of lending and non-lending products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market, providing our customers with powerful, differentiated and comprehensive value offerings. Our business is not materially affected by seasonality. We organize our operations and deliver our services to our customers through the following four principal business segments:

 

  (i) retail banking;

 

  (ii) wholesale banking;

 

  (iii) treasury and money markets; and

 

  (iv) subsidiaries.

In Retail Banking, we provide our individual customers with credit cards, residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, as well as traditional deposit services, such as current accounts, demand deposits, savings accounts and time deposits. Our retail customers also include micro, small and medium sized companies that we serve by providing them with short and long term loans, as well as diverse deposit solution, in order to satisfy their needs. Our banking services for wholesale customers include commercial loans (which include factoring and leasing), foreign trade, capital markets services, cash management and non-lending services, such as payroll, payment and collection services, as well as a wide range of treasury, financial advisory and risk management products.

In 2008, we supplemented our products and services and enhanced our value offerings by entering into a strategic partnership with Citigroup Inc., as a result of our merger with Citibank Chile.

As of December 31, 2014, we also offered international banking services through our Trade Services subsidiary in Hong Kong, our representative office in Beijing, and a worldwide network of correspondent banks. However, we have begun a voluntary dissolution process for our Trade Services subsidiary in Hong Kong that we expect to complete before the end of 2015.

 

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In addition to our traditional banking operations, our subsidiaries and affiliates permit us to offer a variety of non-banking but specialized financial services including securities brokerage, mutual funds management, investment banking, insurance brokerage, securitization, collection and credit pre-evaluation services.

According to the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014 and excluding the operations of subsidiaries abroad, we were the second largest bank in Chile in terms of total loans with a market share of 18.1%, the largest provider of commercial loans with a market share of 18.0%, the second largest provider of consumer loans with a market share of 20.9% and the second largest privately owned bank in terms of residential mortgage loans with a market share of 17.1%. Also, as reported by the SBIF, we were the largest bank in terms of net income with a market share of 23.8% and the first bank in terms of current account balances held by individuals with a market share of 28.9%, both as of December 31, 2014. Lastly, according to the Chilean Association of Mutual Funds, as of December 31, 2014 we were the largest provider of mutual funds management with a market share of 22.5%.

As of December 31, 2014 we had:

 

   

total assets of Ch$27,581,676 million (approximately U.S.$45,507.6 million);

 

   

total loans of Ch$21,891,333 million (approximately U.S.$36,118.9 million), before deducting allowances for loan losses;

 

   

total deposits of Ch$16,655,619 million (approximately U.S.$27,480.4 million), of which Ch$6,934,373 million (approximately U.S.$11,441.2 million) correspond to current account and demand deposits;

 

   

equity (including net income, non-controlling interest and provisions for minimum dividends) of Ch$2,910,975 million (approximately U.S.$4,802.9 million);

 

   

net income of Ch$595,519 million (approximately U.S.$982.6 million); and

 

   

market capitalization of approximately Ch$6,702,547 million (approximately U.S.$11,058.67 million).

As of December 31, 2014, we had 14,803 employees and delivered financial products and services through a nationwide distribution network of 429 branches, and 1,460 Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) that are part of a larger ATM network operated by Redbanc S.A. (a company owned by us and 11 other privately owned banks) that consists of 8,029 ATMs.

History

We were founded in 1893 as a result of the merger of Banco Nacional de Chile, Banco Agrícola and Banco de Valparaíso, which created the largest privately owned bank in Chile. We have played an important role in the economic history of Chile. Before the creation of the Central Bank in 1926 and prior to the enactment of the General Banking Law, we were the main stabilization agent of the Chilean banking system, a role that is now performed by the Chilean Central Bank. Beginning in the early 1970s, the Chilean Government assumed control of a majority of Chilean banks, and all but one of the foreign banks that were operating at that time closed their branches and offices within the country. Throughout this era, we remained as a privately-owned bank, with the exception of a portion of our shares owned by the Chilean Government that were sold to private investors in 1975. Throughout our history we have developed a well-recognized brand name in Chile and expanded our operations in foreign markets, where we developed an extensive network of correspondent banks. In the early twentieth century, we established a representative office in London, which we maintained until 1985, when our operations in Europe were moved to Frankfurt. The office in Frankfurt was closed in 2000, when our foreign operations were centralized at the New York branch. In 1987 and 1988, we established four subsidiaries to provide a full range of specialized financial products and services as permitted by the General Banking Law. In 1999, we widened our scope of specialized financial services by creating our insurance brokerage and factoring subsidiaries. According to our estimates, we remained the largest private bank in Chile until 1996. During the early 2000s, the Chilean banking

 

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industry witnessed intense merger and acquisition activity. In 2002, we merged with Banco de A. Edwards, which allowed us to expand our business to new customer segments. In 2008, we sold our U.S. branch to Citigroup in connection with our merger with Citibank Chile that was carried out during the same year. As a result of these consolidations, we currently operate a distribution network that is composed of three brand names, namely, “Banco de Chile” (which operates throughout Chile), “Banco Edwards-Citi” (which is primarily oriented to higher income segments) and “Banco CrediChile” (which is focused on consumer loans and demand accounts for lower and middle income segments). In 2012, we became the market leader in net income and the most profitable bank (the highest return on average equity and average capital and reserves) within the Chilean banking industry, according to information released by the SBIF. Similarly, among our peers we were the bank with the best credit quality indicators in terms of past-due loans (90 days or more), provisions for loan losses over average loans and coverage of past-due loans (loans 90 days or more past-due). Also, during 2012 we maintained our leadership in mutual funds and current accounts for individuals, while our investment banking subsidiary maintained the market leading position in corporate bond placements within the local market, according to information available at the Chilean Association of Mutual Funds, the SBIF and the SVS, respectively. In terms of funding diversification, we improved our access to foreign debt markets by placing senior bonds in Hong Kong and Peru for a total aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$193 million. Similarly, we established a commercial paper program in the U.S. market of U.S.$1,000 million.

In 2013, we continued to enhance our competitive advantages. As a result, we completed a very successful year by leading the industry in operating revenues—for the first time in our recent history—and net income, according to information published by the SBIF. These achievements enabled us to remain the most profitable bank in Chile in terms of return on average equity and average assets. Our leading position in net income was also a consequence of our market leading performance in expenses, which allowed us to reach the lowest efficiency ratio in the local industry, according to information published by the SBIF. Also, in order to maintain a convenient and well diversified liability structure, we have continued to seek alternative financing opportunities, especially overseas. In this regard, during 2013 we carried out four placements in Switzerland for a total amount of approximately U.S.$785 million. Also, we established a U.S.$2,000 million medium term notes program (the “MTN Program”) in Luxembourg. Under this program we issued medium term notes in Hong Kong and Japan for approximately U.S.$168 million and U.S.$167 million, respectively.

In 2014, growth in the Chilean economy decreased, which in turn affected investment and the growth of commercial loans during the first two quarters of the year and private consumption by the end of the year. Amid this slowdown, we took advantage of our competitive strengths and continued to optimize our risk-return relationship by keeping our credit risk under control and developing innovative commercial strategies. As a result, we remained at the top of the industry in terms of net income generation and return on average equity, according to information published by the SBIF as of December 31, 2014. In order to achieve these goals, we improved customer experience by launching cutting-edge mobile banking solutions and applying world-class business intelligence methodologies. Furthermore, we continued to diversify our funding structure by issuing long term bonds in Switzerland, Japan and Hong Kong, while taking advantage of our U.S.$ Commercial Paper program to raise short-term funds. Lastly, we recorded a 15.9% annual expansion in current accounts and demand deposit (year-end balances) that enabled us to rank first in these liabilities within the local banking industry, according to information released by the SBIF as of December 31, 2014. These figures were reflected by the interest of investors in Banco de Chile’s stock, which recorded an 86.5% annual increase in trading volumes (excluding the effect of the LQIF secondary offering), the highest increase among all publicly listed Chilean banks.

Merger with Banco de A. Edwards

On December 6, 2001, our shareholders approved our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, which became effective on January 1, 2002. Banco de A. Edwards had been listed on the NYSE since 1995, and in January 2002, we were listed on the NYSE under the symbol BCH. Since 2002, our shares have also been traded on the Latin American Stock Exchange of the Madrid Stock Exchange (“Latibex”) and the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”). We concluded the merger process with the consolidation of a new corporate structure and the integration of our technological platforms. As for Latibex, on October 18, 2013, we voluntarily delisted our trading units from that market.

 

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Merger with Citibank Chile

On December 27, 2007, our shareholders approved our merger with Citibank Chile, which became effective on January 1, 2008. During 2008, we integrated Citibank Chile’s technological platforms with ours and established a new organizational structure in order to satisfy the needs of our customers and to achieve important synergies. We concluded the merger process with the integration of Corporación Financiera Atlas S.A. (Citibank Chile’s consumer division) into our consumer division (CrediChile), which allowed us to nearly double our customer base and market share in consumer finance.

Our partnership with Citigroup Inc., an internationally well-known brand name, enabled us to broaden the scope of financial services that we offer to our customers through the addition of global financial services and other benefits. As a result of this partnership, we entered into the Global Connectivity Agreement, which has supported the creation of (i) an international personal banking unit, responsible for optimizing access to financial services outside Chile to our local retail customers, (ii) a global transactional services unit, responsible for executing local and international cash management services, as well as custody and foreign trade assistance, to our wholesale customers, and (iii) an enhanced investment banking unit, responsible for providing financial advisory services and access to global capital markets to our Chilean corporate customers.

Technological Projects

Throughout 2012, our IT priorities were focused on improving operating efficiency through diverse projects intended to enhance internal processes in quality and timing, as well as reinforcing security in transactional services. Our main IT projects in 2012 included: (i) the automation of product application forms for small and medium sized companies, (ii) implementation of a new online platform for current accounts, (iii) approval of individuals’ and SMEs’ operations through scanned documentation, (iv) time-improving procedures for foreign exchange operations, (v) new systems for managing and trading derivatives, and (vi) the implementation of a new platform for financial planning. For security matters, we implemented world-class security software that is intended to avoid fraud in electronic money transfers. Similarly, we implemented improved ATMs shield procedures.

During 2013, we focused on ensuring the stability of our IT systems and implementing improvements to key processes in order to provide our customers with better service quality. Accordingly, the main IT projects undertaken in 2013 had to do with: (i) upgrading our Internet-based array of services, in order to significantly improve the availability of our Internet platforms for personal and corporate banking, (ii) setting up a security device (chip) in credit cards that should enable us to reduce the rate of fraud in this business and maintain our industry-leading position in these matters, (iii) improving the uptime of ATMs, (iv) enhancing product-related platforms for factoring, insurance, time and demand deposits, and (v) strengthening credit-assessment and granting by implementing the final stages of a new system of financial evaluation for companies and optimizing required documentation for lending.

In 2014, we devoted our efforts to developing technological solutions to provide our customers with better services while improving the performance of our primary systems and operating processes. In relation to IT innovations for customers, during 2014 we developed and released a bundle of mobile applications for smartphones called MiBanco|MiPago|MiBeneficio. These applications enable our customers to carry out diverse banking and payment transactions directly from their mobile phones. As for the performance of IT systems, throughout 2014 we improved our operating systems that support credit card transactions and electronic money transfers. We also completed the first stage of our accounting control system and replaced some of our existing credit cards with new ones that include a microchip for enhanced security. In addition, in relation to the optimization of our main operating processes, we focused on reducing the potential for manual data-entry mistakes, which represents an important source of our operational risk.

Through these efforts we have maintained our commitment to anticipating and minimizing cybersecurity risks, as mentioned in “Item 3. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry” and “Item 3. Risk Factors—Cybersecurity events could negatively affect our reputation or results of operations and may result in litigation.”

 

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The 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt

During the 1982-1983 economic crisis, the Chilean banking system experienced significant instability that required the Central Bank and the Chilean Government to provide assistance to most Chilean private sector banks, including us. During this period, we experienced significant financial difficulties. In 1985 and 1986, we increased our capital and sold shares representing 88% of our capital to more than 30,000 new shareholders. As a result, no single shareholder held a controlling stake in the Bank. In 1987, the SBIF returned complete control and administration of the Bank to our shareholders and our Board of Directors by ending our provisional administration based on our successful capital increases as required by Law 18,401.

Subsequent to the crisis, like most major Chilean banks, we sold certain of our non-performing loans to the Central Bank at face value on terms that included a repurchase obligation. The repurchase obligation was later exchanged for subordinated debt of each participating bank issued in favor of the Central Bank. In 1989, pursuant to Law No. 18,818, banks were permitted to repurchase the portfolio of non-performing loans for a price equal to the economic value of such loans, provided that the banks assume a subordinated obligation equal to the difference between the face and economic value of such loans. In November 1989, we repurchased our portfolio of non-performing loans from the Central Bank and assumed the Central Bank’s subordinated debt related to our non-performing loans.

The original repayment terms of our Central Bank subordinated debt, which at December 31, 1989 equaled approximately Ch$1,531,390 million (in real terms as of December 31, 2014), required that a certain percentage of our income before provisions for the subordinated debt be applied to repay this obligation. The Central Bank subordinated debt did not have a fixed maturity, and payments were made only to the extent that we earned income before provisions for the subordinated debt. In 1993 we applied 72.9% of our income before provisions to repay the Central Bank subordinated debt. In 1994 we applied 67.6%, and in 1995 we applied 65.8% of our income before provisions to repay the Central Bank subordinated debt.

In November 1996, pursuant to Law No. 19,396, our shareholders approved a reorganization by which we were converted into a holding company named SM-Chile. In turn, SM-Chile organized a new wholly-owned banking subsidiary named Banco de Chile, to which the former contributed all of its assets and liabilities, other than the Central Bank subordinated debt, to the latter. In addition, SM-Chile created SAOS, a second wholly-owned subsidiary that, pursuant to a prior agreement with the Central Bank, assumed a new repayment obligation in favor of the Central Bank that replaced the Central Bank subordinated debt in its entirety.

This Central Bank debt, for which SAOS is solely responsible and for which there is no recourse to us or SM-Chile, was equal to the unpaid principal of the Central Bank subordinated debt that it replaced but had terms that differed in some aspects, such as the rescheduling of the debt for a term of 40 years providing for equal annual installments and a pledge of our shares as collateral for such debt. The Central Bank debt bears interest at a rate of 5.0% per year and is UF-denominated.

In exchange for assuming the Central Bank debt, SAOS received from SM-Chile 63.6% of our shares as collateral. Although shares held by SAOS as collateral have economic rights that belong to the Chilean Central Bank, their voting rights are exercised by SM-Chile’s shareholders. As a result of our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS decreased to 42.0%. Subsequently, as of December 31, 2014 the percentage of our shares held by SAOS declined to 30.21%, as a result of: (i) capital increases agreed to an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings held in May 2007, January 2011 and October 2012, (ii) stock dividends paid in May 2006, May 2007, June 2009, April 2011, June 2012, May 2013, and July 2014, and (iii) our merger with Citibank Chile in January 2008.

Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOS’s revenues, to be applied by legal mandate to repay its debt to the Central Bank of Chile. SAOS does not have any other material debt, as it is a special purpose legal entity created by Law 19,396 whose only business is to own Banco de Chile shares and repay the obligation to the Central Bank of Chile. To the extent distributed dividends are not sufficient to pay the amount due on its debt, SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If the cumulative deficit balance exceeds an amount equal to 20% of our paid in capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of shares of our stock to pay the entire accumulated deficit amount. As of March 31, 2015, SAOS maintained a surplus with the Central Bank of

 

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Ch$484,560 million, equivalent to 19.2% of our paid in capital and reserves as of the same date. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Banking Industry—Our affiliate may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends”

As of December 31, 2014, the outstanding subordinated debt balance held by SAOS was Ch$565,552 million (including accrued interest). SAOS paid to the Central Bank a total of Ch$124,342 million in 2012, Ch$151,560 million in 2013 and Ch$145,123 million in 2014, exceeding in each of those years the required minimum annual payment.

As of December 31, 2014, the major shareholder of SM-Chile was LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (a subsidiary of Quiñenco S.A.), which owned, directly and indirectly, 58.2% of SM-Chile’s total shares. As of the same date, our major shareholders were SAOS LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. and SM-Chile, each having a direct participation of 30.2%, 25.7% and 12.8% in our total common stock, respectively. On January 31, 2014, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (our major shareholder) closed the sale of 6,700,000,000 shares of Banco de Chile through a public secondary offering, which resulted in a 7.20% decrease of their ownership interest in Banco de Chile. Accordingly, as of April 17, 2015, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. directly owned 25.71% of our shares and held, directly and indirectly, 51.17% of the voting rights in Banco de Chile.

If from time to time in the future our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance our future growth and to distribute stock dividends, the Central Bank may require us to pay the portion of the net income corresponding to shares owned by SAOS in cash to SAOS. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. The shareholders of SM-Chile will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.

Capital Expenditures

The following table sets forth our capital expenditures in each of the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  
    (in millions of Ch$)  

BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:

     

Computer equipment

  Ch$ 7,750      Ch$ 7,509      Ch$ 22,776   

Furniture, machinery and installations

    8,949        4,303        8,292   

Real estate

    337        62        —     

Vehicles

    945        375        445   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    17,981        12,249        31,513   

Software

    9,116        5,511        5,382   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$  27,097      Ch$  17,760      Ch$  36,895   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Our budget for capital expenditures for 2015 is Ch$57,729 million. Of this amount, expenditures in information technology investments represent 63.7%, while infrastructure projects represent the remaining 36.3%. The budget for capital expenditures is in line with our strategic priorities of improving our efficiency and reinforcing our proximity to customers, particularly in our retail banking segment, through physical as well as remote contact channels. These capital expenditures will be principally financed by cash on hand and long-term debt financing.

Among the budgeted expenditures for information technology, 36.6% corresponds to new and ongoing IT projects intended to provide us with business solutions as well as productivity improvements, 15.2% is related to critical projects involved in our mid-term IT plan, while the remaining 48.2% consists of investment in technological equipment and improvements or renewal of our ATMs nationwide network.

Our 2015 budget for infrastructure expenditures includes disbursements associated with renovation and restoration of our main building, implementation and relocation of commercial branches and general maintenance investments.

 

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BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Our Competitive Strengths

Building on our knowledge of the Chilean financial market, we have historically been able to develop significant competitive advantages based on our strong brand recognition, our widespread branch network, the diversity and relative size of our customer base, our highly competitive funding structure, the superior asset quality of our loan portfolio as compared to our peers in Chile, an attractive risk-return relationship and our market leadership in a diverse range of financial products and services.

Our main competitive strengths are:

Brand Recognition and Strong Corporate Image

We have operated in the Chilean financial industry for 121 years under the “Banco de Chile” brand name. In order to provide our customers with specialized value offerings and a wider range of financial products and services, we have also developed the “Banco Edwards|Citi”, “Banco CrediChile” and “Banchile” brand names. We believe our long standing history in the Chilean market is recognized by our customers and the general public, who associate us with quality, reliability and social responsibility within the Chilean financial industry, as demonstrated in various polls conducted by well-known market research companies. According to market research conducted by Adimark GFK (part of the GFK Group), during 2014 we remained the most recognized brand among financial institutions operating in Chile. Also, in 2014, Merco (a corporate reputation monitor headquartered in Spain) ranked Banco de Chile as the leader in corporate reputation for all companies operating in Chile. We believe that our long history in the Chilean banking industry is a key element that differentiates us from our competitors.

Additionally, we believe that our merger with Citibank Chile reinforced our corporate image as a leading financial institution within Chile and allowed us to gain recognition among customers and investors all over the world.

We also believe that our strong corporate image is further strengthened by our commitment to social responsibility, which includes supporting the Teleton Foundation (a non-governmental organization dedicated to assisting and treating disabled Chilean children), our partnership with institutions dedicated to improving the quality of Chilean education, our participation in campaigns intended to improve the quality of life of needy people, our commitment to the development of sports in Chile and our environmental pledge that has led us to implement policies to conserve energy and forestry resources, as well as other initiatives intended to strengthen our role in, and contribution to Chilean society.

Business Scale and Leading Market Position

We are one of the largest financial institutions in Chile and a market leader in a broad range of financial products and services within the Chilean financial system, as listed in the following table:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Market Share     Market Position  

Commercial Loans(1)

     18.0     1st   

Average Balances of Total Demand Deposits and Current Account(1)

     23.5     1st   

Current Accounts Balances held by Individuals

     28.9     1st   

Mutual Funds (Assets Under Management)

     22.5     1st   

Net Fees and Commissions Income

     19.5     1st   

Net Income for the Period

     23.8     1st   

 

Source: SBIF and Chilean Association of Mutual Funds.

 

(1) Excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad.

We have traditionally had a strong presence in the wholesale segment by maintaining long-term relationships with major local and multinational companies that operate in Chile. We have been able to maintain this leading position by continuously improving our products and services and supplementing them with comprehensive and tailored service models that allow us to successfully serve our customers’ needs. We have also added value to our service offerings by including treasury products for hedging purposes, together with investment banking, insurance brokerage and other specialized financial services provided by our subsidiaries.

 

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In addition, in recent years we have been focused on further penetrating the retail banking business through diverse value offerings intended to cover all of the population and enterprises we target. Therefore, in recent years we have prioritized expanding our residential mortgage portfolio and our presence in transactional services such as credit cards, current accounts and demand accounts, as we believe they are effective means to build long-term relationships and customer loyalty, while increasing cross-selling opportunities. As a result, through our Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking Unit), we lead the market in services offered to high income individuals for whom we have developed an attractive and complete portfolio of financial services, including a full range of wealth management services through one of our subsidiaries. Also, our Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile) has become one of the largest providers of consumer loans among the Chilean banks’ consumer divisions, based on comprehensive service offerings for low and middle income individuals. This has been recently supplemented by the implementation of business solutions for low scale entrepreneurs and individual customers in periphery districts. This broad variety of services has also enabled us to lead the Chilean market in terms of income from fees and commissions.

We believe our financial strength, prestige and brand recognition among Chilean customers have allowed us to become the market leader in terms of current account balances within the Chilean financial system, especially among individuals, who have demonstrated their preference for our services. Our position was further consolidated in the financial downturn that started in 2008, when we benefited from a “flight-to-quality” effect as investors were seeking a reliable institution to keep their funds.

Broad Customer Base and Nationwide Distribution Network

We believe that we have one of the largest customer bases among financial institutions in Chile. We have been able to expand our customer base by implementing attractive and tailored value offerings based on continuously improving segmentation. As of December 31, 2014, we had approximately 2,858,000 customers, including approximately 1,164,000 borrowers, roughly 721,000 current accounts holders, nearly 124,000 time deposit holders, approximately 377,000 saving account holders and approximately 1,496,000 credit card holders. In 2014, we introduced modifications to our definition of “customer.” Thus, our customer base is composed of the sum of individuals and companies holding at least one or a combination of the following products: a loan, a current account, a credit card or a demand account.

We believe that our broad customer base is both an essential driver of our business and a valuable asset that enables us to cross-sell our products and services.

In order to better serve our customers, we are present in all regions of Chile and strive to be accessible to every Chilean customer through our large branch network as well as non-physical contact channels. As of December 31, 2014, we had a nationwide branch network of 429 branches, the second-largest in Chile among non-governmental banks, according to information published by the SBIF. This network is composed of 254 branches under our “Banco de Chile” brand name, 39 branches under our “Banco Edwards|Citi” brand name and 136 branches under our “Banco CrediChile” brand name. We believe that our branch network enables us to develop close relationships with our customers and therefore we are constantly assessing new branch locations throughout Chile.

In addition, to improve our customer service, we are constantly reviewing the appearance and layout of our branches. We aim to turn each of our branches into a business generating unit. As a result, we have revised and re-designed our service models in most of our credit-lending units in order to maximize branch profitability and enable our on-site account executives to focus on serving customers and developing new businesses rather than focusing on administrative tasks, which have been mostly transferred to centralized back-office staff.

We have also enhanced our branch network with non-physical remote channels, such as ATMs, Internet-based online platforms and mobile banking applications. As of December 31, 2014, we had 1,460 ATMs throughout Chile.

 

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Diversified Value Offering of Financial Products and Services

In response to the diverse needs of our customers, we have become a full-service financial company that operates under a multi-brand approach, offering a wide range of traditional banking products and services to our customers that are supplemented by specialized financial services provided by our subsidiaries, including:

 

 

securities brokerage,

 

 

mutual funds management,

 

 

securitization,

 

 

financial advisory,

 

 

insurance brokerage,

 

 

collection services,

 

 

credit pre-evaluation services, and

 

 

trade services.

In addition, our strategic alliance, backed by a Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup Inc., has allowed us to broaden our service offerings by adding a comprehensive portfolio of international financial services that previously we could only partially provide.

All of the above is supplemented by tailored service models based on the needs of consumers across all of our markets.

Competitive Funding Structure

We believe that we have a cost effective and highly competitive funding structure based on our leading market position in current accounts and demand deposits, especially among individuals. According to the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, we held a market share of 28.9% in individuals’ current account balances, ranking first within the Chilean banking industry. As of that same date and according to information published by the SBIF, the total balance of our non-interest bearing current accounts and demand deposits represented 25.1% of our total funding structure, as compared to the 17.5% reported by the Chilean financial system as a whole, excluding Banco de Chile.

Our funding structure provides us with a cost advantage over many of our competitors (which use a higher proportion of interest bearing liabilities), as current accounts and demand deposits are the cheapest funding source available in Chile, since they are non-interest bearing. Also, due to our high international credit rating we have one of the lowest costs of funding from liabilities associated with interest bearing deposits and long-term debt, among the seven largest banks in Chile.

We are constantly striving to diversify our liability structure in order to maintain a competitive cost of funding and improve our liquidity. During 2014 we completed two long-term debt placements in Switzerland for a total amount of Ch$174,530 million (approximately U.S.$288 million). Under a medium term notes program that we registered with the Luxembourg Stock Exchange in 2013, we issued approximately Ch$66,742 million (around U.S.$110 million) of medium term notes in Japan and Ch$43,044 million (around U.S.$71 million) of medium term notes in Hong Kong. Also, we continued to use our Commercial Paper Program in the United States by issuing approximately Ch$1,090,340 million (nearly U.S.$1,799 million). As of December 31, 2014 we had a balance of roughly Ch$378,806 million (approximately U.S.$625 million) of outstanding commercial paper. Lastly, during 2014, we were very active in the local debt market and issued long-term bonds for a total amount of Ch$451,966 million (approximately U.S.$746 million).

 

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Superior Asset Quality

We are one of the Chilean financial institutions with the highest credit quality and the healthiest loan portfolio in Chile. We believe this asset quality is the result of our well known prudent risk management approach and accurate credit risk models that are continuously being updated and have enabled us to maintain relatively low levels of past-due loans (90 days or more) and high coverage indicators over the last few years. According to the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, we had a delinquency ratio (past-due loans (90 days or more) as a percentage of total loans) of 1.25%, which was well below the delinquency ratio of 2.32% reported by the Chilean banking industry (excluding Banco de Chile) as of the same date. Additionally, we maintain one of the highest coverage ratios (allowances for loan losses over past-due loans (90 days or more)) in the Chilean banking industry, which as of December 31, 2014 was equal to 1.9 times.

Our Business Strategy

Purpose

‘We are a company that contributes to the economic development of the country by generating favorable conditions for the development of individuals and enterprises, providing them with financial solutions that fit their needs.’

Mission

‘We are a leading and globally-connected corporation with a prestigious business tradition. We provide excellent financial services to each type of customer by offering creative, fast and effective solutions for each segment, and ensuring that we add value for our customers, shareholders, employees and community as a whole.’

To accomplish this mission, we believe it is essential to attain industry leadership in all businesses and financial areas in which we operate, namely, profitability, efficiency, business scale, customer base, human resources development and corporate social responsibility.

This mission also requires initiatives to achieve comprehensive excellence in management, with customer satisfaction as our major goal. We use high industry standards in information technology, business models and quality, all of which is summarized by the value creation cycle below:

 

LOGO

 

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Vision

‘We aspire to be, in all things we do, the best bank for our customers, the best place to work and the best investment for our shareholders. In order to accomplish this vision, we are committed to the development of our employees and the community as a whole.’

Throughout our history, we have aspired to be a leading bank in the Chilean financial system. This vision involves and commits us to all of the diverse stakeholders related to our business, namely, customers, employees, investors and the community. Our vision is shared and internalized by all areas across the corporation, senior management and the board of directors and constitutes the basis for our strategic objectives.

Commitments

We aim to satisfy the expectations of diverse stakeholders by:

 

 

Our Customers

 

   

Offering innovative and top-quality banking products and financial services.

 

   

Providing customers with excellent service based on customized relationships and a proactive attitude.

 

   

Ensuring the availability and stability of physical and non-physical service channels.

 

   

Maintaining trusted relationships in order to be our customers’ main bank.

 

 

Our Employees

 

   

Providing employees with career opportunities based on merit.

 

   

Promoting a respectful and friendly work environment.

 

   

Offering competitive compensation and economic benefits.

 

   

Supplying adequate technological tools and infrastructure.

 

 

Our Community

 

   

Improving quality of life and managing adversity.

 

   

Strengthening the quality of education in Chile.

 

   

Promoting entrepreneurship.

 

   

Protecting the environment.

 

   

Building strong relationships with suppliers.

 

 

Our Shareholders

 

   

Leading the industry in net income generation and profitability.

 

   

Maintaining a strong market position in terms of business volume.

 

   

Fostering operating efficiency and productivity.

 

   

Developing a prudent approach to risk management.

 

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Strategic Priorities

Our long-term strategy is to maintain profitable growth by enhancing our market-leading position within the Chilean financial industry by providing a broad range of financial products and services to corporations and individuals nationwide. As part of this strategy, we have developed a multi-brand approach to target different market segments. We intend to leverage our strongly positioned brand names “Banco de Chile”, “Banco Edwards|Citi” and “Banco CrediChile” in traditional banking, which are supplemented by specialized financial services (such as securities brokerage services, mutual funds management, securitization services, financial advisory services and insurance brokerage services) provided by our subsidiaries that operate under the “Banchile” brand name.

Since the performance of our business depends on many factors, we cannot assure you that we will be able to implement our strategies successfully or that we will be able to reach our strategic goals. For a discussion of certain risks applicable to our operations, industry and country we operate in, see “Risk Factors”.

Our business model is focused on those lines of business that add significant economic value to our shareholders, have appropriate levels of risk and allow us to strengthen long-term relationships with our customers. We seek sustained growth, particularly in higher-margin segments and business areas that show strong growth potential. Accordingly, in recent years we have reoriented our business focus towards the retail, large companies and treasury segments, in which we aim to achieve the same prominent position that we have obtained in the corporate segment. Thus, we strive to:

 

 

Lead the Retail Banking Business

In our retail banking segment, our aim is to lead the market by providing differentiated and comprehensive value offerings based on a deep and continuously improving segmentation that permits us to engage in profitable and high-growth potential business opportunities. Thus, we expect to expand our business and customer base by developing tailored service models, enlarging our branch network, enhancing our presence in the small and medium companies market and reinforcing certain lending products that should enable us to consolidate long-term relationships with our upper and middle-income individual customers, especially through payment channels usage (such as credit cards), installment loans and residential mortgage loans. Similarly, we aspire to target lower-income individuals and microbusinesses by promoting payroll-deduction lending and attracting customers previously unattached to any bank through a basic array of services, as well as providing commercial credit.

Following the trend of the past several years, in 2014 we prioritized growth in middle and upper income segments in personal banking because we recognized potential risks for low income individuals due to the slowdown observed in the local economy over the last two years. For this reason, we implemented diverse business intelligence tools and commercial methodologies in 2014 in order to achieve a more accurate segmentation of our customer base and develop tailored offers to meet the needs of middle and higher income individuals. Thus, among less risky individuals, we promoted growth in transactional services, especially credit cards, which enabled us to increase loan related balances by 13.8% on an annual basis. Similarly, installment loans increased by 10.3% for middle and upper income individuals while mortgage loans recorded an overall 14.7% increase among these customers.

Notwithstanding the above, we continued to expand the array of financial services that we provide to lower income individuals and microbusinesses, segments that have not been fully penetrated by banks yet. In this regard, the ‘CajaChile’ network—which provides lower income customers with a suite of basic financial services through a transactional platform located in local convenience stores— finished 2014 with more than 2,600 convenience stores participating in its network. Similarly, our unit of ‘Microbusinesses Banking’ strengthened during 2014 and ended the year with an annual expansion of approximately 18.0% in total loans.

These initiatives are intended to take advantage of the retail banking segment’s growth potential. Even though Chile’s per capita GDP has tripled over the last 25 years, banking penetration in the Chilean economy is still below comparable countries, particularly within the low and middle income population segments and with respect to certain banking products such as residential mortgage loans. We believe we can grow further in this segment since, according to the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, we had a 17.1% market share in residential mortgage loans and a 20.9% market share in consumer loans, both below the market stake held by the market leader. As for consumer loans, due to our effective strategies focusing on middle and upper income segments, the gap

 

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between us and the market leader decreased from 3.7% as of December 31, 2013 to 3.6% as of December 31, 2014 . With respect to residential mortgage loans, however, the gap between us and the market leader increased from 3.6% as of December 31, 2013 to 3.8% as of December 31, 2014. This increase is aligned with our prudent approach to risk-taking. Given the boost observed in the housing market over the last five years, during 2014 we tightened the entire credit process, from admission to collection, and imposed stricter conditions to granting mortgage loans in order to maintain a balanced risk return relationship.

Despite our efforts to increase market penetration of Retail Banking, especially in lending products, we believe that the fierce competition in the banking industry compels us to innovate in terms of new products and services to diversify our revenue sources. Accordingly, we have strived to build comprehensive value offerings for our retail segment, prioritizing fee based income. As a result, our consolidated income from fees and other services has become an important source of revenue for us, reaching Ch$287,093 million (or 19.4% of our total operating revenues) in 2013 and Ch$272,188 million (or 16.4% of our total operating revenues) for the year ended December 31, 2014. We aim to generate increasing amounts of fees and commission revenue by developing innovative products and services and reinforcing cross-selling, in spite of a complex regulatory environment.

 

 

Lead the Wholesale Banking Business

In our wholesale banking segment (which targets companies with annual sales over Ch$1,600 million), we aim to maintain our leading market position in terms of loans, as well as achieve higher profitability in a market that is characterized by low margins. We intend to accomplish these goals by increasing our cross-selling of non-lending products and services through various initiatives. We are focused on improving our offering of cash management services, enhancing our internet-based services, increasing the penetration of products designed by our treasury and money market operations segment, enhancing our presence in certain lending products such as leasing and factoring and promoting international businesses by taking advantage of the commercial synergies related to both our merger with Citibank Chile (such as the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup) and the specialized financial services offered by our subsidiaries, such as securities brokerage, mutual funds management and financial advisory in order to appropriately meet the needs of certain niches within this business segment.

As a result, according to our management information system, we increased our cross selling indicator of non-lending revenues to lending revenues from 1.3 times in 2009 to 1.7 times as of December 31, 2014. We expect to continue enhancing our cross-sell indicators in order to optimize the profitability of the wholesale banking segment. This achievement took place together with the growth managed in our Large Companies and Real Estate Division (annual turnover between Ch$1,600 and Ch$70,000 million), with average balance of total loans increasing by 8.1% on an annual basis. This was the result of an aggressive plan intended to enhance the closeness with the customer through a dual model of service that includes several on-site visits by account officers and credit risk analysts.

We also promote diverse services such as leasing, factoring and cash management in this segment. Based on this view, we remained one of the leaders in these markets in 2014, ranked second in both factoring and leasing services with market shares of 20.7% and 20.6%, respectively (including operations of subsidiaries abroad). Regarding cash management services, during 2014 we increased volumes related to collection and payment agreements by approximately 14.4% and 2.3%, respectively.

Also, in our effort to offer tailor-made solutions and recognize the needs of different customer segments, during 2013 we defined a new group of customers called “Family Office”. This group includes companies that manage investments and trusts for a single family that we aim to target through a comprehensive model of service, including the interaction between our Wholesale Banking Segment and our subsidiary Banchile Inversiones. During 2014, we focused on penetrating this sub-segment. Accordingly, we developed and implemented relationship-building strategies for customers and non-customers belonging to this segment, which involved on-site visits and new means to stay in contact with these individuals. As a result, we were able to significantly increase our presence in this market during 2014 by expanding average balances of loans and deposits granted to and received from this segment by 40% and 15%, respectively.

In our treasury and money market operations segment, we intend to take advantage of our specialized knowledge in order to increase the penetration of widely-used products in our current customer base while offering innovative products to potential clients.

 

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Also, we continuously seek newer and more convenient funding choices, locally and internationally, in order to support our long term business strategy by promoting an adequate diversification of our funding structure.

 

 

Improve Service Quality

We are convinced that in a highly competitive industry such as the Chilean banking system, a customer-centric focus is critical to generating loyalty and creating long-term, profitable relationships. We believe that our high service quality is a competitive strength that differentiates us from competitors and supports our long term strategy by responding to the preferences of our current and potential customers. Accordingly, we strive to continuously improve our relationships with customers by developing commercial strategies aligned with their needs, as well as improving our response time and customer satisfaction indicators.

Consistent with this view, during 2014 we sought to design and develop a project intended to significantly improve our customers’ experiences. This project encompasses a renewed strategy to approach the customer, based on an internationally-renowned methodology that seeks to enhance our commitment to service quality. Although this project involves several stages, the main aspects we tackled in 2014 were associated with: (i) defining the involvement of the front and back-office units that mainly impact the customer experience, (ii) carrying out workshops of collective creation with customers in order to evaluate their needs, (iii) understanding the emotional response of customers to our brand names ‘Banco de Chile’, ‘Banco Edwards|Citi’ and ‘Banco Credichile’, (iv) identifying the most important moments for customers in their relationship with the Bank, and (v) prioritizing a bundle of initiatives intended to improve customer experience in the mid-term.

Also, this project involves diverse communications activities across the Bank in order to promote a corporate culture focused on service quality and customer experience optimization while enhancing the commitment of our employees to customer satisfaction.

Promote Operating Efficiency

We believe that operating efficiency is a key competitive advantage that we have to maintain in order to grow profitably. Accordingly, our strategy for efficiency intends to achieve the highest productivity and the tightest cost control. We believe these elements will be increasingly important in our efforts to maintain high profitability ratios in a changing business environment that is under increasing regulatory focus. To accomplish these goals, we have invested in information technology and the development of simpler, more manageable, secure and modern business processes and platforms to attain faster response times and higher productivity. We also continue to enhance our strategic development capabilities, increase our business scale, develop economies of scope by incorporating new financially related businesses, reinforce the productivity of our branch network, enhance our remote transactional channels, improve our credit processes, develop a higher level of automation in our internal processes and consolidate our cost control policy and monitoring procedures.

In 2012, 2013 and 2014, we invested a total of approximately Ch$58,100 million (approximately Ch$16,900 million, Ch$13,000 million and Ch$28,200 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively) in information technology, mainly software and hardware, as we believe this is one of the best ways to improve our service quality and operating efficiency while properly fitting customers’ needs, which are increasingly linked to IT services. Similarly, we are continuously developing and optimizing internal processes in order to reduce and keep our expenses under control.

We continue to focus on improving operating efficiency through diverse projects intended to improve the quality and responsiveness of internal operating processes, such as increased automation of back-office matters and the implementation of new IT platforms for financial planning, controlling and commercial tasks. We also seek to improve security in transactional services to reduce operational risks, using anti-fraud security software for electronic transfers and other security measures to avoid attacks on our network of ATMs.

As a result of these initiatives, our efficiency ratio, measured as consolidated operating expenses over consolidated operating revenues, has maintained suitable levels over the last three years. During 2012, 2013 and 2014, our efficiency ratio was 46.3%, 41.9% and 43.8%, respectively. Based on information published by the SBIF, under Chilean GAAP, as of December 31, 2014 we had the second lowest efficiency ratio in the local banking industry.

 

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Enhance our Social Reputation

We believe that improving our social reputation is crucial to meet our strategic goals in the midst of societal changes in Chile and worldwide, so we aim to create improved mechanisms in order to build positive connections with our communities. Therefore, we have undertaken a wide range of initiatives intended to encourage active participation in different areas of society. This view is shared by the Bank and its employees, who support the development of Chile through diverse methods such as promoting social progress, contributing to environmental protection, decreasing extreme poverty, providing high-quality education to needy people, assisting disabled young people, fostering cultural development and embracing campaigns intended to overcome the effects of specific adverse events such as natural disasters.

In line with this view, during 2014 we continued to support different social endeavors by collaborating with “Desafío Levantemos Chile”, which is an initiative intended to promote entrepreneurship throughout Chile and especially within lower income segments. In 2014, we maintained our support for the School of Entrepreneurs network that has permitted the training of several micro-entrepreneurs, thereby improving the quality of life for their families. In addition, we have maintained our commitment to disabled people by supporting Teleton Foundation, assisting disabled children and disabled athletes and artists. During 2014 our country faced dramatic natural disasters, such as an earthquake in the northern region and devastating fire in Valparaiso. Aligned with our social commitment to face adversity, we participated, along with “Desafío Levantemos Chile”, in fundraising campaigns while directly assisting affected people by providing working tools and equipment to restore their productive capacity and income sources. Similarly, we continued to support needy people by contributing to improve quality of education across lower income segments through Astoreca Foundation. In this regard, a new school managed by this foundation was opened in 2014. This educational center will be attended by 1,200 children. Finally, we are also committed to cancer patients through a partnership with a public hospital and a local university, in order to improve the quality and quantity of treatments received by these patients.

 

 

Alignment of Human Resources and Culture

We believe human resources are a key element of our long-term goals. In order to consolidate profitable growth, achieve high standards of service quality, attain operating efficiency and build an excellent corporate reputation over the long run, we must have a motivated and highly qualified workforce committed to our corporate values, including ethical conduct, responsibility, integrity, prudence, justice, loyalty and respect.

Accordingly, we strive to develop a distinctive culture among our employees by promoting: (i) a clear focus on the customer, (ii) confidence and responsibility, (iii) leadership and empowerment, (iv) collaboration and teamwork and (v) innovation and continuous improvement.

We also seek to remain one of the most respected employers in Chile. For this reason, we have recently undertaken diverse projects and initiatives intended to emphasize our commitment to recruiting and retaining excellent employees, including a new platform that manages the internal mobility of our employees. Also, we have improved our competence evaluation methodology to identify remarkable employees and enhance their career development. As for training activities, we have continued to focus on generating leadership capabilities through diverse programs. We believe these initiatives are aligned with our strategy and the professional development that our team aspires to achieve.

During 2014, we continued strengthening the connection with our employees in order to align corporate values and goals with their career development and personal goals. In line with this view, our Human Resources Division worked on three main pillars: (i) Being the Best Bank, (ii) Performance Excellence, and (iii) Banco de Chile’s Way. In relation to “Being the Best Bank”, we focused on enhancing the recruitment and selection processes while improving the experience of new and current employees in the use of benefits. Similarly, the division was focused on reinforcing performance excellence across the corporation by putting several training programs into practice, while determining and promoting the potential of current collaborators to lead the Bank in the future. Finally, concerning the third pillar, “Banco de Chile’s Way”, the divisions strived to spread and foster the commitment of employees to our corporate values in order to make them part of the day-to-day processes and activities of the bank’s employees.

 

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Ownership Structure(1)

The following diagram shows our ownership structure as of April 17, 2015:

 

LOGO

 

(1) The ownership structure diagram reflects share ownership and not voting rights. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders.”

 

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Principal Business Activities

We are a full-service financial institution that provides, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, a wide variety of lending and non-lending products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market. Accordingly, for management purposes we organize our operations in the following four business segments:

 

LOGO

The information related to our business segments presented in this section has been prepared in accordance with our internal reporting policies. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014—Business Segments” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS” for a description of the most significant differences between our internal reporting policies and IFRS.

The following table sets forth information on the composition of our loan portfolio and our consolidated income before income tax in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the year ended December 31, 2014, allocated among our principal business segments:

 

     Total Loans     Income before
Income Tax(1)
 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Retail market

   Ch$ 11,722,981         53.6   Ch$ 284,379   

Wholesale market

     10,142,486         46.4        289,752   

Treasury and money market operations

     —           —          42,441   

Operations through subsidiaries

     11,181         —          34,036   

Other (Adjustments and Eliminations)

     —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 21,876,648         100.0   Ch$ 650,608   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) This net income breakdown is used for internal reporting and planning purposes and it is based on, among other things, our estimated funding cost and direct and indirect cost allocations. This breakdown may differ in some extents from breakdowns of our operating income for financial reporting and regulatory purposes. Separate information on the operations, assets and income of our financial services subsidiaries and affiliates is provided below under “—Operations through Subsidiaries.”

 

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The following table sets forth our consolidated operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies, allocated among our principal business segments, for the years indicated:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Retail market

   Ch$ 842,088       Ch$ 923,222       Ch$ 1,002,133   

Wholesale market

     338,406         403,063         480,051   

Treasury and money market operations

     32,735         16,307         47,051   

Operations through subsidiaries

     122,698         126,576         134,964   

Other (adjustments and eliminations)

     (13,873 )      (13,143      (17,797
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Operating Revenues

   Ch$ 1,322,054       Ch$ 1,456,025       Ch$ 1,646,402   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth a geographic market breakdown of our operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the years indicated:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Chile

   Ch$ 1,335,862       Ch$ 1,469,110      Ch$ 1,664,185   

Banking operations

     1,213,229         1,342,592         1,529,235   

Operations through subsidiaries

     122,633         126,518         134,950   

Foreign operations

     65         58         14   

Operations through subsidiaries

     65         58         14   

Other (adjustments and eliminations)

     (13,873      (13,143      (17,797
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Operating Revenues

   Ch$ 1,322,054       Ch$ 1,456,025       Ch$ 1,646,402   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Retail Banking Segment

Our retail banking segment serves the financial needs of individuals and small and medium sized companies through our branch network. As of December 30, 2014, we had 293 branches that operate under our “Banco de Chile” and “Banco Edwards|Citi” brand names and 136 branches that operate within the “Banco CrediChile” network. As of December 31, 2014, loans granted by our retail banking segment amounted to Ch$11,722,981 million and represented 53.6% of our total loans as of the same date.

In terms of composition, as set forth in the following table, as of December 31, 2014 our retail segment’s loan portfolio was principally focused on residential mortgage loans, which represented 46.2% of the segment’s loan book. The remaining loans were distributed between consumer (28.5%) and commercial loans (25.3%).

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:              

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 2,969,933         25.3

Residential mortgage loans

     5,410,778         46.2   

Consumer loans

     3,342,270         28.5   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 11,722,981         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We serve the retail market through two different and specialized divisions: (i) the Commercial Division (particularly the Individual and SME Banking Unit) and (ii) the Consumer Finance Division (or Banco CrediChile).

 

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Individual and SME Banking Unit—Commercial Division

The Individual and SME Banking Unit is responsible for offering financial services to individuals with monthly incomes over Ch$500,000 (or Ch$ 6.0 million per year) and to small and medium sized companies with annual sales of up to approximately Ch$ 1,600 million. This division manages the portion of our branch network that operates under the brand names “Banco de Chile” and “Banco Edwards Citi” and had 293 branches as of December 31, 2014.

The strategy followed by the Individual and SME Banking Unit is mainly focused on sub segmentation, multi brand positioning, cross sell of lending and non-lending products and service quality based on customized service models for specific customer needs. Also, loyalty programs have been increasingly incorporated into our commercial targets for each sub segment and they have enabled us to increase the use of our credit cards and our fee-based income. In addition, the division’s operations count on the support of specialized call centers, mobile and Internet banking services, along with a wide range of management tools that allow us to measure returns, the performance of cross sold products and the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.

During 2014, the Individual and SME Banking Unit was focused on developing new commercial strategies and marketing tools to provide our customers with better service while improving productivity and profitability. In this regard, the unit carried out a comprehensive revision of pricing procedures by implementing world-class business intelligence tools. This initiative permitted us to record historical levels of Internet loan sales of approximately Ch$270,000 million, which represents a twofold increase over the amount recorded in 2013. Furthermore, this business unit was in charge of launching a new mobile banking solution named MiBanco|MiPago|MiBeneficio. These mobile applicators permit our retail customers to execute banking transactions such as electronic money transfers, access account balances and make cash advances from credit cards to current accounts, among other services.

As of December 31, 2014, the Individual and SME Banking Unit served 1,097,113 individual customers (hereafter “customer” should be understood as the sum of individuals and companies holding at least one or a combination of the following products: a loan, a current account, a credit card or a demand account) and 110,574 small and medium sized Chilean companies. This customer base resulted jointly in total loans granted to 738,110 borrowers, which included 104,268 residential mortgage loans debtors, 92,411 commercial loan debtors, 377,763 utilized lines of credit and 335,433 installment loans. As of the same date, the division held 719,527 current accounts, 144,565 savings accounts and 223,558 time deposits.

As of December 31, 2014, loans granted by the Individual and SME Banking Unit were Ch$10,904,496 million, which represented 49.8% and 93.0% of our total loans and loans granted by our retail market segment, respectively, as a whole. The following table sets forth the composition of the unit’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentages)

 

Commercial loans

     

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 2,401,689        22.0

Leasing contracts

     324,520        3.0   

Other loans

     215,576         2.0   

Total Commercial Loans

     2,941,785         27.0   

Residential Mortgage Loans

     5,334,500         48.9   

Consumer Loans

     

Installment loans

     1,554,617         14.2   

Credit cards

     802,385         7.4   

Lines of credit and other loans

     271,209         2.5   

Total Consumer Loans

     2,628,211         24.1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 10,904,496         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We offer a variety of financial services to individuals and small and medium-sized companies, directly through the division or indirectly through our subsidiaries, such as current accounts, automatic bill payment, debit cards, credit cards, revolving credit lines, residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, commercial loans, mortgage loans for general purposes, leasing agreements, factoring services, mutual funds management and stock brokerage, support in foreign trade transactions, payments and collections, insurance brokerage (which includes life and casualty insurance), savings instruments and foreign currency services.

 

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Installment Loans

Our consumer installment loans are generally incurred, up to a customer’s approved credit limit, to afford the goods or services purchases, such as cars, travels and household furnishings. Consumer loans may be denominated in both pesos and UF, bear fixed or variable interest rates and are generally repayable in installments over a period of up to 36 months.

As of December 31, 2014, we had Ch$1,554,617 million in installment loans granted by our Individual and SME Banking Unit, which accounted for 46.5% of the retail market business segment’s consumer loans. Most of these installment loans are denominated in Chilean pesos and are payable monthly.

Residential Mortgage Loans

As of December 31, 2014, we had outstanding residential mortgage loans of Ch$5,418,623 million, which represented 24.8% of our total loans. According to information published by the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, we were Chile’s second largest privately owned bank in terms of mortgage loans, accounting for approximately 17.1% of mortgage loans granted by the Chilean banking industry, excluding operations of banks’ subsidiaries that operate abroad.

Our residential mortgage loans are generally denominated in UF and have maturities ranging from five to thirty years. As of December 31, 2014, the average residual maturity of our residential mortgage loan portfolio was 17.1 years. Originally, we funded our residential mortgage loans through the issuance of mortgage finance bonds, which are recourse obligations only to us with payment terms that are matched to the residential loans. Also, the mortgage finance bonds bear real market interest rates plus a fixed spread over the variable rate of the UF, which permits us to reduce our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and inflation. Chilean banking regulations allow us to finance up to 100% of a residential mortgage loan with mortgage finance bonds, based on the purchase price of the property securing the loan or the appraised value of such property. In addition, we generally require that the monthly payments on a residential mortgage loan not exceed 25% of the borrower’s household after tax monthly income, when the customer belongs to the low income population segment. However, that limit may be adjusted for the middle and high income population segments.

Over the last decade, we have also promoted the expansion of Mutuos Hipotecarios, a mortgage lending product, which is not financed by mortgage finance bonds, but instead through our general funds. Mutuos Hipotecarios allow customers to finance up to 100% of the purchase price or the appraised value of the property, whichever is lower, instead of the 75% that a standard mortgage would allow. As of December 31, 2014, our residential mortgage loan portfolio was principally composed of Mutuos Hipotecarios, as customers have preferred them due to their flexibility and simplicity (for instance the interest rate is known in advance by the customer, which is not the case of mortgage finance bonds that are traded in the secondary market and, therefore, subject to discounts), as they permit financing of up to 100% of the properties purchase price and are easier to prepay.

The following table sets forth the composition of our residential mortgage loan portfolio by product type:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except
percentages)
 

Secured Residential Mortgage Loans(1)

     

Loans financed with Mortgage Bonds

   Ch$ 70,104         1.3

Mutuos Hipotecarios

     5,348,519         98.7   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Secured Residential Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 5,418,623         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Corresponds to the Bank’s total secured residential mortgage loans and not only those associated with the Individual and SME Banking Unit of the Commercial Division.

As shown above, as of December 31, 2014 residential mortgage loans related to Mutuos Hipotecarios represented 98.7% of our total residential mortgage loan portfolio, while the remaining 1.3% corresponded to mortgage loans financed with Mortgage

 

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Bonds. As of the same date, the Mutuos Hipotecarios portfolio had an average origination period of 4.2 years (the period from the date when the loans were granted to the specified date) and just 1.1% of these loans were granted by CrediChile. Conversely, as of December 31, 2014 loans financed with Mortgage Bonds had an average origination period of 13.9 years (the period from the date when the loans were granted) and 26.0% of these loans were granted by CrediChile. In terms of credit risk, in 2014, loans related to Mutuos Hipotecarios, as well as those financed with Mortgage Bonds, had low gross (before recoveries) credit risk ratios of 0.17% and 0.26%, respectively. The difference between both ratios is explained by the previously mentioned factors and also by the Bank’s stricter requirements to grant Mutuos Hipotecarios. It is important to mention that the residential mortgage loan portfolio financed with Mortgage Bonds is annually decreasing in amount and as a proportion of the total residential mortgage loan portfolio, since currently customers prefer Mutuos Hipotecarios. Accordingly, the portfolio of residential mortgage loans financed with Mortgage Bonds is expected to have increasing gross credit risk ratios over time until its expiration, because the portion of non-performing loans becomes higher as long as responsible borrowers terminate their liability with the bank.

Regarding Mortgage Bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of the Mortgage Bond obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, in the ordinary course of business, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

For those loans that finance a higher portion of the property appraised value, we demand that customers comply with stricter requirements, which are verified during the credit assessment stage. These requirements are related to: (i) the history of the relationship between the Bank and the customer (new or current client), (ii) credit risk scores, (iii) monthly income, (iv) type of job (employed or self-employed), and (v) years employed. In order to illustrate the above mentioned, the table below sets forth an example of requirements for residential mortgage loans that finance up to 90% and more than 90% of the property value, with a common term and granted to employed as well as self-employed new customers.

 

Credit–granting Requirements

(in millions of Ch$, except percentages)

New Clients

   Requirements
(in millions of Ch$, except  percentages)

Loan / Property value

   £ 90%    > 90%

Employed

     

• Years employed

   > 1 year    > 2 years

• Monthly Income

   > Ch$0.5    > Ch$1.0

Self-Employed

     

• Years Employed(1)

   > 2 years    > 3 years

• Monthly Income

   > Ch$0.5    > Ch$1.2

 

(1) In the case of self-employed clients, years employed refers to the minimum period of time in which the customer has been filing annual tax declarations with the Chilean Internal Revenue Service.

During 2014, 27.8% of the residential mortgage loans granted to our customers financed between 90% and 100% of the property value. Similarly, during 2014, loans financing between 75% and 90% of the property appraised value represented 41.5% of these loans, loans financing between 50% and 75% of the property value represented 24.1% of these loans, and loans financing less than 50% of the property value represented 6.7% of these loans. It is important to mention that during 2014 we continued tightening our credit granting policy for residential mortgage loans by restricting the loan financing limit as a percentage of the property’s value. This explains the decrease in the share of residential mortgage loans that financed between 90% and 100% of the property value from 46.8% in 2012 to 33.4% in 2013 and 27.8% in 2014.

 

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An additional feature of our mortgage loans is that mortgaged property typically secures all of the mortgagor’s credit with us, including installment loans and due balances associated with credit cards and credit lines. Our total amount of loans secured by real estate guarantees, their loan to value (LTV) ratio and their relative share in our total loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2014, are depicted in the table below:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Outstanding
Balance
     LTV(2)(3)     % of Bank’s
Total Loans
 
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Secured Loans(1)

       

Residential Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 5,418,623         70.5     24.8

Other than mortgage loans

     642,597         28.3        2.9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Secured Loans

   Ch$ 6,061,220         78.8     27.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Corresponds to the Bank’s total secured loans and not only those associated with the Individual and SME Banking Unit of the Commercial Division
(2) LTV ratio is computed as the amount of secured loans divided by the value of their associated collateral.
(3) For other-than-mortgage loans, the LTV ratio is computed as the amount of the excess guarantee (after deductions) of the balance of the associated residential mortgage loans, as those guarantees are initially established in order to secure the residential mortgage loan.

The LTV ratios provided above are based on estimated property values that we update monthly with the collateral valuation models managed by our Corporate Risk Division. These models determine a rate of depreciation that provides an updated collateral value, based on variables such as geographic location, last appraisal date, type of property and type of customer. Accordingly, the LTV ratios set forth above take into account the most recent available data regarding collateral values.

In addition, the following table sets forth the composition of the other-than-mortgage loans secured by real estate guarantees:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$,
except percentages)
 

Secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans(1)

     

Consumer Loans

   Ch$ 415,698         64.7

Credit Lines

     57,619         9.0   

Credit Cards

     169,280         26.3   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans

   Ch$ 642,597         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Corresponds to the Bank’s total secured Other-than-Mortgage Loans and not only those associated with the Commercial Division (Individual and SME Banking).

Unlike in other countries, in addition to the specific legal rights afforded by the mortgage loan (including foreclosure rights), the Bank may collect the pending balance of the mortgage loan over other assets of the mortgage debtor based on certain legal liens provided by law (derecho de prenda general). Regarding the foreclosure processes, as permitted by Chilean regulations we may write-off secured loans (such as residential mortgage loans) the earlier of 48 months from the date the loans become overdue and once we have made all efforts for recovering the past-due loans without success. This applies to residential mortgage loans financed with mortgage finance bonds as well as for Mutuos Hipotecarios. Our foreclosure processes comply with the procedures specified by Chilean regulation. However, as we strive to continuously improve our collection processes, we have achieved average terms of 30 months for foreclosures associated with residential mortgage loans.

As for our historical loss rates, we periodically review our collateral pricing models by adjusting the parameters that support them, such as appreciation and depreciation rates, as well as updated recovery and loss rates, based on historical and empirical data. Thus, we normally revise our collateral pricing models by incorporating updated information from re-appraised assets or foreclosure processes that have been completed by the Bank in the past.

In addition, the valuation of guarantees is based on a prudent approach, which aims to anticipate and cover unexpected reductions in their market price as a result of changes in market variables, such as an unforeseen slowdown in the global or local economy, lack of liquidity of real estate assets or decrease in real salaries. Accordingly, our collateral pricing models depreciate the value of the guarantee regarding the market value determined by an independent appraiser. This approach has allowed us to minimize the loss rates, as the value obtained from auctions (if foreclosure applies) generally exceeds the value assigned to the asset as guarantee.

 

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Credit Cards

As of December 31, 2014, we issued both individual and corporate Visa, MasterCard and Diners Club credit cards. In addition to traditional credit cards, our portfolio also includes co-branded cards. As of December 31, 2014 we had four cobranding agreements for our credit cards, namely “Travel Club”, “Global Pass”, “Advantage” and “Entel.” Credit cards issued under these cobranding agreements supplemented the credit cards that we issued under the brand names Banco de Chile, Banco Edwards|Citi and Banco CrediChile. As of the same date, we had 32 affinity card groups, most of which were associated with our co-branded programs.

Two of our affiliates, Transbank S.A. and Nexus S.A., provide us with merchant acquisition and credit card processing services. As of December 31, 2014, Transbank S.A. had twelve shareholders and Nexus S.A. had seven shareholders, all of which were banks. As of the same date, our equity ownership in Transbank S.A. was 26.2% and our equity ownership in Nexus S.A. was 25.8%.

As of December 31, 2014, we had 1,496,301 valid credit card accounts, with 1,674,690 credit cards issued to individuals and small and medium sized companies. Total charges on our credit cards during 2014 amounted to Ch$2,987,114 million, with Ch$2,455,734 million corresponding to purchases in Chile and abroad and Ch$531,380 million corresponding to cash withdrawals both within Chile and abroad. These amounts of purchases and withdrawals (which include charges associated with credit cards issued by CrediChile) accounted for 25.4% of the total charge volume of banks’ credit cards in Chile in 2014, according to statistics provided by Transbank S.A.

As of December 31, 2014, our credit card loans to individuals and small and medium sized companies amounted to Ch$802,385 million and represented 24.0% of our retail market business segment’s consumer loans.

We believe that the Chilean market for credit cards has a high growth potential, especially among lower and middle income customer segments, as the average merchant fees should continue to decline due to increasing competition from other banks that operate in Chile, as well as large department stores and other non-banking competitors that are involved in the issuance of credit cards. As a result, we strive to develop customized commercial strategies to reinforce this payment channel by applying business intelligence tools that enable us to satisfy the needs of our diverse customer base. Based on this strategy, our stock of issued credit cards increased by approximately 40,359 credit cards for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Commercial Credits

Commercial loans granted by our Individual and SME Banking Unit mainly consist of project financing and working capital loans granted to small and medium sized companies, which are denominated in Chilean pesos, UF and U.S. dollars and may bear fixed or variable rates of interest and generally mature between one and three months. As of December 31, 2014, our Individual and SME Banking Unit had outstanding commercial loans of Ch$2,401,689 million, representing 20.5% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 11.0% of our total loans as of the same date.

Leasing Contracts

Leasing contracts are financial leases for capital equipment and property. Leasing contracts may bear fixed or variable interest rates and they generally have terms that range from one to five years for equipment and from five to twenty years for properties. Most of these contracts are denominated in UF. As of December 31, 2014, our Individual and SME Banking Unit had outstanding leasing contracts of Ch$324,520 million, representing 2.8% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 1.5% of our total loans as of the same date.

Non-Residential Mortgage Loans

Nonresidential mortgage loans granted to individuals and small and medium sized companies are loans intended to finance the acquisition of offices, land, facilities and other real estate assets. Nonresidential mortgage loans are denominated in UF and generally have maturities between eight and twelve years. As of December 31, 2014, our Individual and SME Banking Unit had nonresidential mortgage loans of approximately Ch$31,633 million, representing 0.3% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 0.1% of our total loans as of the same date.

 

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Debit Cards

We offer different types of debit cards to our customers. Depending on their specifications, these cards can be used for banking transactions at ATMs that operate on the local network, such as Redbanc, the Visa International PLUS network, the local network of merchants participating in the local Redcompra debit program or the international network of merchants associated with the Electron program. We have given different names to these debit cards depending on the card’s specific functions and the link between the brand and target market which they serve. During 2014, we offered the following cards: Chilecard Electron, Chilecard Plus, Chilecard Normal, Banjoven, Multiedwards and Citicard. As of December 31, 2014, according to monthly statistics provided by Transbank S.A., the Individual and SME Banking Unit achieved a 17.6% market share of debit card transactions (not including debit cards issued by Banco CrediChile, as those are reported under our Consumer Finance Division), which corresponds to approximately 75.6 million transactions throughout the year.

Lines of Credit

As of December 31, 2014 the Individual and SME Banking Unit had approximately 620,314 approved lines of credit to individual customers and small and medium sized companies. Also, the unit had outstanding advances to 377,763 individual customers and small and medium sized companies that totaled Ch$270,693 million, or 2.3% of the retail market business segment’s total loans and 1.2% of our total loans.

Our lines of credit for individual customers are generally available on a revolving basis, up to an approved credit limit, and may be used for any purpose. Advances under lines of credit are denominated in Chilean pesos and bear an interest rate that is set monthly.

Deposit Products

We strategically offer deposit products to increase our deposit-taking activities as a means of diversifying our sources of funding. We believe that the deposits of our individual customers provide us with a relatively low-cost, stable source of funding, as well as an opportunity to cross-market our other products and services. In this regard, we offer current accounts, time deposits and savings accounts to our individual customers. Current accounts are Chilean peso-denominated and the majority bear no interest (approximately 0.1% of our total current accounts are interest-bearing), and savings accounts are denominated in UF and bear a fixed-interest rate. Time deposits may be denominated in Chilean pesos, UF and U.S. dollars and most bear interest at a fixed rate with terms that range between thirty to 360 days.

While historically demand has been mainly focused on UF-denominated deposits during periods of high inflation, demand for Chilean peso-denominated deposits has increased in recent years as a consequence of lower and more stable inflation rates in Chile. This trend was also observed during the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, when we benefited from a flight-to-quality effect. In fact, amid the high volatility and low interest rates observed in the financial markets throughout 2008 and 2009 (in line with monetary stimulus prompted by central banks worldwide) customers and non-customers increasingly deposited their funds in our current accounts, particularly those denominated in Chilean pesos, as they preferred liquidity. A similar phenomenon took place in 2014.

Consumer Finance Division (Banco CrediChile)

The Consumer Finance Division provides loans and other financial services to low and middle income segments (individuals whose monthly incomes range from Ch$170,000 to Ch$ 500,000), which historically have only been partially served by financial institutions. Also, our Consumer Finance Division serves micro businesses. Banco CrediChile represents an alternative delivery channel for our products and services to these segments, maintaining a separate brand supported by a network of 136 Banco CrediChile branches as of December 31, 2014. Banco CrediChile was established in 2004 from what was formerly our consumer banking division. During 2008, Banco CrediChile was merged with the consumer division of Citibank Chile (Corporación Financiera Atlas S.A.) as a consequence of our merger with Citibank Chile.

Banco CrediChile offers its customers a variety of banking products, such as consumer loans, credit cards, residential mortgage loans and a special demand deposit account (see “—CrediChile Demand Accounts”) targeted at low income customers. As of December 31, 2014, Banco CrediChile had 1,619,231 customers and total loans outstanding that amounted to Ch$818,485 million, representing 3.7 % of our total loans outstanding as of the same date.

 

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the composition of Banco CrediChile’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentages)

 

Consumer loans

     

Installment loans

   Ch$ 635,294         77.6

Credit cards

     78,492         9.6

Lines of credit and other consumer loans

     273         0.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total consumer loans

     714,059         87.3

Residential mortgage loans

     76,278         9.3

Commercial loans

     28,148         3.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 818,485         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our Consumer Finance Division focuses on developing and marketing innovative and customized products targeted to satisfy the needs of its customers while introducing them to the banking system. Banco CrediChile complements the services offered by our other business segments, especially our wholesale market segment, by offering services to employers, such as direct deposit capabilities, that stimulate the use of our services by employees.

In order to improve its value offering, during 2012 CrediChile launched two new services, namely, ‘Caja Chile’ and ‘Microbusiness Banking’. The former consists of a limited range of basic financial services (e.g. deposits, withdrawals and bill payments) offered to customers and non-customers through remote IT platforms located in small convenience stores within socially and/or geographically isolated areas of Chile. On the other hand, the ‘Microbusiness Banking’ is a specialized portfolio of financial services designed for Microbusiness (generally personal businesses) that includes financial advisory, lending and non-lending products and general financial solutions for a segment that has been traditionally uncovered by the banking services.

During 2014, Banco CrediChile continued to enhance these service models as we believe they are a suitable means to penetrate those segments by offering banking solutions. As of December 31, 2014 Banco CrediChile had implemented the ‘CajaChile’ solution in more than 2,600 convenience stores, which gives us market presence in 78% of Chilean communities. As of the same date, loans granted to microbusinesses accounted for approximately Ch$32,000 million, representing an 18.0% annual increase. Among other initiatives, in 2014 Banco CrediChile undertook a complete revision of operating and commercial technological platforms in order to adopt the quality standards outlined by Banco de Chile. In this regard, the development of a new Internet banking site and the implementation of mobile banking tools translated into higher service quality indicators. In addition, throughout 2014, Banco CrediChile launched “CuentaChile”, a new concept in demand accounts that incorporates the traditional value offering supporting this type of product with an array of additional services and benefits for users.

Banco CrediChile employs a specific credit scoring system, developed by our corporate risk division, as well as other criteria to evaluate and monitor credit risk. Thus, in order to ensure the quality of its loan portfolio, Banco CrediChile adheres to our general loan origination procedures, particularly with regard to the use of our credit scoring system and credit management policies, including the use of credit bureaus and the services of the SBIF. In addition, Banco CrediChile carries out rigorous procedures for collection of past-due loans through Socofin S.A., our specialized collection subsidiary. We believe that we have suitable procedures and infrastructure in place to manage the risk exposure of Banco CrediChile. These procedures allow us to take advantage of the attractive growth and earnings potential of this market segment while helping to manage exposure to higher risk. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry—The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our Operations and the Chilean Banking Industry—Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.”

Consumer Lending

Banco CrediChile provides short to medium term consumer loans and credit card services. As of December 31, 2014, Banco CrediChile had approximately 320,612 consumer loan debtors related to credits with outstanding balances of Ch$635,294 million. As of the same date, Banco CrediChile had outstanding loan balances related to credit cards that amounted to Ch$78,492 million.

 

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CuentaChile Demand Accounts

Banco CrediChile launched CuentaChile Demand Accounts in 2014, offering its customers a deposit product that is flexible and easy to use. This product allows us to tap into a section of the consumer market that otherwise would not be able to access and participate in the banking system because of their risk profile. The CuentaChile Demand Account is a non-interest bearing demand deposit account without checking privileges that targets customers who want a secure and comfortable means of managing and accessing their money. Customers holding this account may use an ATM card linked to their CuentaChile Demand Account to make deposits or automatic payments to other Banco CrediChile accounts through a network of 8,029 ATMs available through the Redbanc network as of December 31, 2014. Also, CuentaChile Demand Account holders may execute transactions in all CrediChile branches and carry out basic banking operations in the CajaChile nationwide network, which is present in most of the Chilean regions and communities. Also, CuentaChile Demand Account holders are entitled to make use of Internet-based banking platforms and mobile applications provided by Banco CrediChile to its customers while receiving electronic money transfers and benefiting from diverse loyalty programs designed by Banco Credichile, which include discounts and special offers in a wide array of stores and services. BancoCrediChile previously offered its customers traditional demand accounts (each known as a CrediChile Demand Account) that entitled their holders to receive payroll deposits, withdraw money from ATMs and perform basic purchasing transactions. The CuentaChile Demand Account replaced and improved the former product offered by CrediChile by adding further benefits to their holders.

As of December 31, 2014, Banco CrediChile had approximately 1,432,327 CuentaChile Demand accounts. Holders of these accounts pay an annual fee, a fee related to the number of withdrawals on the account line of credit and interest on any outstanding balance under the line of credit. All fees and interest due on a CuentaChile Demand Account are withdrawn automatically on a monthly basis from funds available in the account. CuentaChile Demand Account allows us to offer our wholesale customers the ability to pay their employees by direct deposit of funds into the individual employee’s account at Banco CrediChile. We believe this product can lead to stronger long term relationships with our wholesale customers and their employees.

Wholesale Banking Segment

Our wholesale market business segment serves the needs of corporate customers. In 2014, this business segment recorded annual operating revenues of approximately Ch$480,051 million, which represented 29.2% of our total operating revenues. Also, for the year ended December 31, 2014 this segment recorded an income before income tax of Ch$289,752 million, which represented 44.5% of our consolidated income before income tax. As of December 31, 2014, loans granted by this business segment amounted to Ch$10,142,486 million and represented 46.4% of our total loan portfolio.

The following table sets forth the composition of our portfolio of loans to the wholesale market in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentages)

 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 7,183,179         70.8

Foreign trade loans

     1,220,584         12.1   

Leasing loans

     1,056,999         10.4   

Factoring loans

     420,173         4.1   

Other loans

     261,551         2.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 10,142,486         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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As of December 31, 2014, we had 9,694 debtors out of a total of 24,499 wholesale customers. Our wholesale customers are engaged in a wide range of economic sectors. As of December 31, 2014, this business segment’s loans were mainly related to:

 

 

financial services (approximately 24.7% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

commerce and trade (approximately 15.9% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

manufacturing (approximately 14.7% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

communication and transportation (approximately 13.0% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

construction (approximately 12.0% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

community, social and personal services (approximately 5.0% of all loans granted by this business segment);

 

 

agriculture, forestry and fishing (approximately 4.0% of all loans granted by this business segment); and

 

 

mining (approximately 1.3% of all loans granted by this business segment).

In line with our strategy of identifying and differentiating market segments in order to provide improved value propositions for a diversified customer base, two of our divisions provide our wholesale customer base with banking and financial products and services: (i) the Corporate Division and (ii) the Commercial Division, through the Large Companies and Real Estate Unit.

Corporate Division

The Corporate Division provides services to corporations whose annual sales exceed approximately Ch$70,000 million. This division’s customers consist of a large proportion of Chile’s publicly-traded companies, subsidiaries of multinational companies and conglomerates (including those operating in the financial, commercial, manufacturing, industrial and infrastructure sectors), and projects and concessions.

As of December 31, 2014, we had 815 corporations as debtors out of a total of 5,839 customers in our Corporate Division with total outstanding loans of Ch$3,991,561 million, which represented 18.2% of our total loan book as of the same date.

The following table sets forth the composition of our Corporate Division’s loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:   

(in millions of Ch$, except

percentages)

 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 3,153,925         79.0

Foreign trade loans

     398,275         10.0   

Factoring loans

     131,132         3.3   

Leasing loans

     122,785         3.1   

Other loans

     185,444         4.6   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 3,991,561         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

We offer a wide range of products to large corporations that include short- and long-term financing, working capital loans, mortgage loans, leasing, long-term syndicated loans and factoring, as well as investment banking services offered by our subsidiary Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. We also offer payment services (payrolls, suppliers, pensions, dividends, etc.), collection services and connections to international funds transfer networks, as well as traditional deposit products, in particular current accounts.

As of December 31, 2014, we were party to approximately 1,359 payment service contracts and approximately 252 collection service agreements with corporations. We believe that cash management and payment service contracts provide us with a source of low cost deposits and the opportunity to cross sell our products and fees to payees, many of whom maintain accounts with us. Under our collection contracts, we act as a collection agent for our corporate customers, providing centralized collection services for their accounts receivable and other similar payments. For the year ended December 31, 2014, volumes associated with collection and payment agreements increased by approximately 14.4% and 2.3%, respectively.

 

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In order to provide highly competitive and differentiated services, our Corporate Division has the direct support of our Treasury and Money Market Operations segment, which directly fulfills our corporate customers’ liquidity, short-term loans and hedging needs. We have also improved our technology to facilitate connections with customers and enhance their self-service practices. Similarly, we offer derivative products, which we believe have become increasingly important, especially those associated with Chilean peso-U.S. dollar and UF-U.S. dollar forward contracts and interest rate swaps.

In recent years, the market for loans to corporations in Chile has been characterized by reduced margins due to increasing competition. This fierce competition has involved not only local banking players but also, increasingly, overseas lenders who are eager to lend to Chilean companies that hold high credit ratings. Consequently, we have focused on optimizing the profitability in this segment through enhancing our cross sell fee generating services, such as payroll processing, dividend payments and billing services, as well as computer banking services. This strategy has enabled us to maintain profitable relationships with our corporate customers while preserving the ability to extend credit when appropriate business opportunities arise.

During 2014, the division continued to enrich its value propositions for satisfying customers’ needs. Thus, the Corporate Division, in association with our Financial Advisory subsidiary, was involved and focused on assisting local and foreign customers in some of the most important financial transactions carried out in the local market during 2014, such as a record mergers and acquisitions transaction for the local market amounting to Ch$7,400 million. In addition, the Corporate Division has strived to build tailored solutions for its customers, including debt restructuring, bridge financing, syndicated and cross border loans. In all of these matters, the synergies that arise from the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup have been important when assisting our corporate customers with off shore transactions.

Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit—Commercial Division

Our Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit provides companies—with annual sales that range from approximately Ch$1,600 million to approximately Ch$70,000 million—with a broad range of financial products and services (such as electronic banking, leasing, foreign trade and financial consultancy). Customers served by this banking unit are those related to the commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, forestry, fishing, infrastructure and real estate sectors.

As of December 31, 2014, we had 8,455 large companies and real estate debtors out of a total of 18,193 customers in this banking unit. Loans granted by the Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit amounted to Ch$6,150,925 million as of the same date, which represented 28.1% of our total loans.

The following table sets forth the loan portfolio composition of the Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit, in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    (in millions of Ch$,
except percentages)
 

Commercial credits

   Ch$ 4,029,254         65.5

Leasing loans

     925,867         15.1   

Foreign trade loans

     822,309         13.4   

Factoring loans

     297,388         4.8   

Other loans

     76,107         1.2   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 6,150,925         100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The products and services offered by this banking unit are mainly related to commercial loans, lines of credit, foreign trade and foreign currency transactions, factoring services, leasing, mortgage loans, syndicated loans, mergers and acquisitions, debt restructuring assistance, payments and collections services, current accounts and related services, corporate credit cards, cash and investment management, forward contracts to hedge against currency fluctuations and insurance brokerage.

 

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This banking unit aims to provide its customers with excellent service based on proactive financial support that enhances long term relationships with customers. Over time, the banking unit has developed service models intended to take advantage of synergies arising from the interaction of account and specialized support executives responsible for ensuring comprehensive customer service. These models have enabled this banking unit to strengthen customer relationships and product offerings.

In 2014, this banking unit continued strengthening its presence in commercial credit with an 8.1% annual increase in loan average balances. Part of this increase was explained by the “Family Office” area operating under the Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit, which was established in 2013 as a means to meet the financial needs of single families by providing tailor-made financing and wealth management solutions. In 2014, the “Family Office” area had an average balance of loans of Ch$218,486 million, representing a 40.4% annual increase. Also, this area was able to increase deposits (including demand and time deposits) from these customers by approximately 14.6% on an annual basis, ending 2014 with an average balance of approximately Ch$162,532 million.

Our leasing and factoring businesses are part of the Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit.

Treasury and Money Markets Operations

Our Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment provides a wide range of financial services to our customers, including currency intermediation, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, transactions under repurchase agreements and investment products based on bonds, mortgage finance bonds and deposits.

In addition, our Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment is focused on managing our currency, interest rate and maturity gaps, ensuring adequate liquidity levels, managing our investment portfolio and performing the intermediation of fixed-income instruments, currencies and derivatives. Interest rate gap management is aimed at generating an adequate funding structure, prioritizing our capitalization and asset and liability cost structure and funding source diversification.

The Treasury and Money Market Operations business segment is also responsible for (i) the issuance of short- and long-term senior bonds, as well as long-term subordinated bonds, in Chile or abroad, (ii) monitoring compliance with regulatory deposit limits, technical reserves and maturity and rate matches/mismatches, (iii) monitoring our adherence to the security margins defined by regulatory limits, and risk limits for interest rate, currency and investment gaps. This segment continually monitors the Bank’s cost of funding by benchmarking with the rest of the local financial system and financing alternatives in Chile or abroad.

Regarding funding functions carried out by our Treasury, during 2014, we continued to develop a funding diversification strategy by conducting important transactions in Chile and abroad. These transactions have been intended to not only take advantage of attractive interest rate opportunities but also to improve our liquidity standards by issuing debt of longer maturities, as well as diversify our liability structure in terms of markets. Accordingly, during 2014 we carried out debt placements in Switzerland for a total amount of Ch$174,530 million (approximately U.S.$288 million). Similarly, under our MTN Program we issued approximately Ch$66,742 million (approximately U.S.$110 million) of notes in Japan and Ch$43,044 million (approximately U.S.$71 million) of notes in Hong Kong. Finally, for short-term financing purposes we continued using our Commercial Paper Program in the United States by placing approximately Ch$1,090,340 million (nearly U.S.$1,799 million) of commercial paper. As of December 31, 2014 we had an outstanding balance of roughly Ch$378,806 million (approximately U.S.$625 million) of commercial paper. Also, during 2014 we placed long-term bonds in the local market for a total amount of Ch$451,966 million (approximately U.S.$745 million). Lastly, we carry out an international bond issuances if and only if the cost (including costs of interest rate swaps and other transactional expenses) is below the cost of raising funds locally and the currency or interest rate exposure is fully hedged via cross currency swaps.

The funding functions carried out by our Treasury division are complemented by our international area, namely International Financial Institutions (“IFI”), which manages relations with correspondent banks worldwide, facilitating international payments and obtaining foreign currency financing for us. As of December 31, 2014, we have established a network of approximately 600 foreign banks, among which we maintained credit relationships with approximately 180 correspondent banks, from which we maintained 25 account relationships. IFI played an important role in structuring international transactions aimed at diversifying our funding.

 

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Regarding the management of our securities portfolio, as of December 31, 2014 it amounted to Ch$1,902,254 million and was composed of available for sale securities that totaled Ch$1,608,796 million and securities held for trading amounting to Ch$293,458 million. As for the type of instruments included in our securities portfolio, as of December 31, 2014, 63.5% consisted of securities issued by local financial institutions, 22.5% consisted of securities issued by the Central Bank and the Chilean Government, 10.7% consisted of securities issued by non-financial Chilean corporate issuers and other securities and 3.3% consisted of securities issued by foreign companies and central banks. Our investment strategy is designed to supplement our expected profitability, risks and economic variable projections while adhering to the regulatory guidelines and internal limits defined by our finance committee. In this regard, neither proprietary trading nor speculation on equity holdings are goals for us and, therefore, equity instruments only represented 0.5% of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2014.

Operations through Subsidiaries

We have made several strategic long-term investments in financial services companies that are engaged in activities complementary to our commercial banking activities. In making these investments our goal is to develop a comprehensive financial group capable of meeting the diverse financial needs of our current and potential clients by offering traditional banking products and specialized financial services through our different subsidiaries.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our financial services subsidiaries in accordance with our internal reporting policies as of December 31, 2014:

 

BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES    Assets      Equity      Net Income  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong)

   Ch$ 12       Ch$ 12       Ch$ (13

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

     64,407         55,467         15,114   

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

     6,603         5,208         3,467   

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

     11,422         6,390         1,498   

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

     452,029         82,810         8,781   

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

     316         254         (297

Socofin S.A.

     7,978         1,176         221   

Promarket S.A.

     2,131         878         44   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 544,898       Ch$ 152,195       Ch$ 28,815   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to our ownership interest in our financial services subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014:

 

     Ownership Interest  
     Direct (%)      Indirect (%)      Total (%)  

Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong)

     100.00         —           100.00   

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

     99.98         0.02         100.00   

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

     99.96         —           99.96   

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

     99.83         0.17         100.00   

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

     99.70         0.30         100.00   

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Socofin S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Promarket S.A.

     99.00         1.00         100.00   

Each of these subsidiaries is incorporated in Chile, except for Banchile Trade Services Limited, which is incorporated in Hong Kong.

On June 19, 2013, Banco de Chile acquired all of the shares of Banchile Factoring S.A. owned by Banchile Asesoría Financiera. As a result of this transaction, Banco de Chile fully acquired the assets and liabilities of Banchile Factoring S.A. and on June 30, 2013 this subsidiary was dissolved.

During 2014, we began a voluntary dissolution process for Banchile Trade Services Limited in Hong Kong. We expect to complete this process before the end of 2015.

 

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Securities Brokerage Services

We provide securities brokerage services through Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. is registered as a securities broker with the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros de Chile (the “Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance”), the regulator of Chilean publicly listed companies, and is a member of the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Since it was founded in 1989, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. has provided stock brokerage services, fixed income investments and foreign exchange products to individuals and companies through our branch network. During the year ended December 31, 2014, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. recorded an aggregate stock trading turnover on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaíso Stock Exchange that amounted to approximately Ch$7,194,703 million, which represented a 16.4% market share within the Chilean stock market. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. had equity of Ch$82,810 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, recorded net income of Ch$8,781 million, which represented 1.5% of our consolidated net income for that period (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

In early 2009, Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A. merged with and into Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

Mutual and Investment Fund Management

Since 1980, we have provided mutual fund management services through Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. (formerly Banchile Administradora de Fondos Mutuos S.A.). As of December 31, 2014, according to data published by the Chilean Mutual Funds Association, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. was the largest mutual fund manager in Chile, managing approximately 22.5% of all Chilean mutual funds’ assets. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operated 86 mutual funds and had Ch$6,057,417 million in assets under management owned by approximately 422,309 corporate and individual investors. Also, as of December 31, 2014, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operated 10 public investment funds (Chile Blend, Chile Small Cap, Banchile Inmobiliario IV, Banchile Inmobiliario V, Banchile Inmobiliario VI and Banchile Inmobiliario VII, Plusvalia Eficiente, Rentas Inmobiliarias I, Latam Small Cap, Latam High Yield) and one private investment funds (Minero), managing a total amount of Ch$221,550 million in net assets on behalf of 319 participants.

The following table sets forth information regarding the various mutual funds managed by Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. as of December 31, 2014:

 

Name of Fund

  

Type of Fund

   Net Asset Value
As of December 31, 2014
 
          (in millions of Ch$)  

AHORRO

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      270,987  

ALIANZA

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      409,563  

ANDES ACCIONES

   Equity      492  

ASIA FUND

   Equity      7,885  

ASIATICO ACCIONARIO

   Equity      18,835  

BANCHILE-ACCIONES

   Equity      27,740  

BONOS SOBERANOS

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      26,816  

BOOSTER ASIA EMERGEN

   Structured      2,840  

BOOSTER CHINA II

   Structured      2,260  

BOOSTER EUROPA II

   Structured      6,118  

BOOSTER JAPON

   Structured      1,353  

BOOSTER REAL ESTATE

   Structured      4,564  

BRIC ACCIONARIO

   Equity      365  

CAPITAL EFECTIVO

   Fixed income (short term)      854,826  

CAPITAL EMPRESARIAL

   Fixed income (short term)      45,028  

CAPITAL FINANCIERO

   Fixed income (short term)      348,432  

CAPITALISA-ACC.

   Equity      2,256  

CASH

   Fixed income (short term)      270,959  

CH BURSATIL GARANT

   Structured      3,412  

CHILE 18 Q

   Equity      15,425  

CHILE ACCIONARIO

   Equity      13,314  

CORPORATE DOLLAR

   Fixed income (short term)      477,630  

CORPORATIVO

   Fixed income (short term)      183,975  

CRECIMIENTO

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      103,117  

DEPOSITO PLUS V

   Structured      8,309  

DEPÓSITO PLUS VI

   Structured      4,125  

 

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Name of Fund

  

Type of Fund

   Net Asset Value
As of December 31, 2014
 
          (in millions of Ch$)  

DEPOSITO XXI

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      373,724  

DEUDA CORP. 3-5 AÑOS

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      67,034  

DEUDA DOLAR

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      17,536  

DEUDA ESTATAL

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      23,811  

DEUDA NACIONAL

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      20,014  

DEUDA PESOS 1-5 AÑOS

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      80,115  

DISPONIBLE

   Fixed income (short term)      52,743  

DOLLAR INVESTMENT G.

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      11,971  

EMERGING FUND

   Equity      12,973  

EMERGING MARKET

   Equity      10,426  

ESTRATEGIA AGRESIVA

   Blend      10,230  

ESTRATEGIA CONS

   Blend      44,774  

ESTRATEGIA MODERADA

   Blend      37,540  

ESTRATEGICO

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      239,811  

EURO MONEY MARKET

   Fixed income (short term)      13,663  

EUROPA ACCIONARIO

   Structured      1,896  

EUROPA DESARROLLADA

   Equity      27,849  

EUROPE EQUITY TAX AD

   Equity      18,722  

FLEXIBLE

   Fixed income (short term)      64,970  

FONDO MUTUO MIX CONSERVADOR

   Blend      3,473  

GLOBAL DOLLAR

   Equity      8,689  

GLOBAL MID CAP

   Equity      20,320  

GLOBAL STOCKS GARANT

   Structured      3,019  

HORIZONTE

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      224,601  

INVERSION BRASIL

   Equity      2,287  

INVERSION CHINA

   Equity      3,489  

INVERSION DOLLAR 30

   Blend      941  

INVERSION USA

   Equity      46,569  

INVERSIONISTA I

   Equity      12,578  

LATAM MID CAP

   Equity      1,282  

LATIN AMERICA FUND

   Equity      15,684  

LIQUIDEZ 2000

   Fixed income (short term)      316,119  

LIQUIDEZ FULL

   Fixed income (short term)      177,757  

MID CAP

   Equity      12,968  

MIX MODERADO

   Equity      2,330  

OPORTUNIDADES SECTOR

   Equity      5,143  

PATRIMONIAL

   Fixed income (short term)      225,550  

PERFORMANCE

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      27,035  

QUANT GLOBAL

   Blend      2,964  

RENTA FUTURA

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      328,912  

RETORNO ACCIONARIO

   Equity      768  

RETORNO DOLAR

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      23,003  

RETORNO L.P. UF

   Fixed income (medium/long term)      28,148  

SB EUROPA CHINA

   Structured      1,319  

SMALL CAP USA GAR

   Structured      5,471  

TWIN WIN EUROPA 103

   Structured      3,524  

TWIN WIN EUROPE EQUI

   Structured      5,595  

TWIN WIN USA PESOS

   Structured      9,365  

U.S. DOLLAR FUND

   Equity      15,656  

U.S. MID CAP

   Equity      50,312  

USA EQUITY

   Equity      35,859  

UTILIDADES

   Fixed income (short/medium term)      150,557  

VISION DINAMICA A

   Blend      11,054  

VISION DINAMICA ACC.

   Blend      3,451  

VISION DINAMICA B

   Blend      4,635  

VISION DINAMICA C

   Blend      8,745  

VISION DINAMICA D

   Blend      4,360  

VISION DINAMICA E

   Blend      13,457  
     

 

 

 

Total

      Ch$ 6,057,417   
     

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. recorded equity of Ch$55,467 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, net income of Ch$15,114 million, which represented 2.6% of our 2014 consolidated net income (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

 

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Financial Advisory Services

We provide financial advisory and other investment banking services to our customers through Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. The services offered by Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. are primarily targeted to our corporate customers and include advisory services concerning mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project finance and strategic alliances. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. had equity of Ch$5,208 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, recorded net income of Ch$3,467 million, which represented 0.6% of our 2014 consolidated net income (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

Insurance Brokerage

We provide insurance brokerage services to our customers through Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. In 2000, we began to offer life insurance policies associated with consumer loans and non-credit related insurance to our individual customers and the general public. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had equity of Ch$6,390 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014 it recorded net income of Ch$1,498 million, which represented 0.3% of our 2014 consolidated net income (under the bank’s internal reporting policies). According to the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (the “SVS”), as of December 31, 2014, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had a 4.8% market share in the total amount of life and casualty insurance policies (in Chilean pesos) sold by insurance brokerage companies in Chile, excluding life annuities.

Securitization Services

We offer investment products to meet the needs of institutional investors, such as private pension funds and insurance companies, through Banchile Securitizadora S.A. This subsidiary securitizes financial assets, and issues debt instruments with credit ratings that can be traded in the Chilean marketplace, backed by a bundle of revenue producing assets of the client company. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had equity of Ch$2.54 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, the subsidiary reported a net loss of Ch$297 million (under bank’s internal reporting policies). Also as of December 31, 2014, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had a 15.6% market share in the total volume of assets securitized in Chile. This market share refers to the percentage of existing stock of securitized assets as of the mentioned date.

Credits pre-evaluation services

Promarket S.A. provides credit pre evaluation services to the Bank and its subsidiaries, including researching potential customers. As of December 31, 2014, Promarket S.A. had equity of Ch$878 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, it recorded net income of Ch$44 million (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

Collection Services

Socofin S.A. provides judicial and extra judicial loan collection services to the Bank. As of December 31, 2014, Socofin S.A. had equity of Ch$1,176 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, net income of Ch$221 million (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

Trade Services

In November 2004, we began offering direct trade services to our customers through Banchile Trade Services Limited, which acts as our trade finance entity in markets such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. As of December 31, 2014, Banchile Trade Services Limited had equity of Ch$12 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2014, it recorded a net loss of Ch$13 million (under the bank’s internal reporting policies).

As of April 17, 2015, our Trade Services subsidiary in Hong Kong is in the process of voluntary dissolution, which we expect to complete by December 31, 2015.

Distribution Channels and Electronic Banking

Our distribution network provides integrated financial services and products to our customers through a wide range of channels. The network includes ATMs, branches, on-line banking and phone-banking devices. As of December 31, 2014, we had 1,460 ATMs (that form part of Redbanc’s network of 8,029 ATMs) which allowed our customers to conduct self-service banking transactions during banking and non-banking hours.

 

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As of December 31, 2014, we had a network of 429 retail branches throughout Chile. Our branch system serves as a distribution network for all of the products and services offered to our customers. Our full-service branches accept deposits, cash withdrawals, offer the full range of our retail banking products, such as consumer loans, credit cards, mortgage loans and current accounts, and provide financial and non-financial information to current and potential customers.

We offer electronic banking services to our customers 24 hours a day through our Internet website, www.bancochile.cl, which has tailored homepages for the different segments we serve. Thus, by accessing our website, our individual customers may execute electronic money transfers, access their account balances, pay utilities bills, apply for loans, purchase insurance premiums, and so on. On the other hand, our corporate homepage offers a broad range of services, including the payment of bills, electronic fund transfers, non-charge orders, as well as a wide variety of account inquiries. These services include our office banking service, Banconexion Web for Enterprises, which enables our corporate customers to perform all of their banking transactions from their offices. Our homepage also offers products with exclusive benefits provided by our customer loyalty marketing programs, which enhance our relationships with customers. Through the jointly administered website of Banchile Administration General de Fondos and Banchile Corredora de Bolsa, our mutual funds and securities brokerage subsidiaries, respectively, we also provide customers interested in investing and saving their funds with an Internet-based platform on which they can trade stocks and currencies, make time deposits and take positions in mutual funds, foreign stock markets, investments funds and derivatives. Our foreign trade customers can rely on our international business homepage, www.bancochile.com, which enables them to inquire about the status of their foreign trade transactions and perform transactions, such as opening letters of credit, recording import collection and hedging on instructions and letters of credit. On an average monthly basis, during 2014 approximately 644,000 individual and corporate customers performed nearly 38.8 million transactions per month on our website, of which approximately 7.0 million were monetary transactions.

Also, we provide our customers with access to a 24-hour phone-bank through which they can access account information and execute certain transactions. This service, through which we receive approximately 405,000 calls per month on average, has enabled us to develop customer loyalty campaigns, sell financial products and services, answer specialized inquiries and receive and resolve complaints by customers and non-customers.

Lastly, during 2014 we enhanced our mobile banking platforms by developing and launching a new bundle of applications titled MiBanco|MiPago|MiBeneficio. MiBanco is a mobile banking platform that enables our customers to perform most of the operations they can execute on our website, such as accessing their account balances, making bill payments and electronic money transfers, carrying out cash advances from credit cards to checking accounts. MiPago is a specialized mobile application that permits our customers to request reimbursements from other Banco de Chile’s customers and perform the transaction by generating and scanning a QR code, which reinforces the security standards for these kinds of operations. As of December 31, 2014 approximately 2.4 million electronic money transfers had been performed through MiBanco.

Involvement with the Transantiago Plan

Since June 2005, we have been a shareholder in Administrador Financiero del Transantiago (“AFT”), the company responsible for the financial management of the overhaul of Santiago’s public transit system (the “Transantiago Plan”). Other majority shareholders of the company include three other major Chilean banks, a financial services company and a technology services company. We own 20% of AFT’s capital stock, which represented an original capitalization of approximately U.S.$13.4 million as of June 8, 2005.

The Transantiago Plan has faced operational deficits that are being funded by means of permanent and temporary fiscal subsidies in accordance with the provisions of Law 20,378, enacted in September 2009.

In 2007, as shareholders of AFT, we made extraordinary contributions for a total amount of U.S.$4.1 million with the purpose of financing AFT’s expenses, which were capitalized as of December 31, 2007. Between January and April 2008, we made additional funds available to AFT in the amount of U.S.$358,000 to pay AFT’s expenses arising from the Transantiago Plan, funds which were reimbursed to us in 2013. We have made no additional funds available after April 2008 and we estimate that, as shareholders, it will not be necessary to make extraordinary contributions for financing AFT’s operations.

 

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On December 2012, AFT and the Chilean Ministry of Transports and Telecommunications entered into a new agreement that limits the services to be provided by AFT to the financial management of the Transantiago System’s resources. This new agreement significantly reduces the AFT’s incomes and operational expenses, while materially reducing the AFT’s risk for us.

As of December 2014, AFT’s equity amounted to U.S.$18.4 million.

Competition

Overview

The Chilean market for banking and other financial services is highly and increasingly competitive and consists of a number of different market sectors. The most important sector is commercial banking that—as of December 31, 2014—consisted of 23 banks, 22 of them privately owned and one government owned bank, namely, Banco del Estado. As of December 31, 2014, the four largest Chilean banks accounted for 64.0% of all outstanding loans granted by Chilean financial institutions (excluding subsidiaries abroad): Banco Santander—Chile (19.0%), Banco de Chile (18.1%), Banco del Estado (13.8%) and Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (13.1%).

We face significant and increasing competition in all market segments in which we operate. As a comprehensive commercial bank that offers a wide range of services to all types of enterprises and individual customers, we deal with a variety of competitors, ranging from large privately owned commercial banks to more specialized entities, such as “niche” banks. We also increasingly face competition, from non-banking companies like large department stores, private compensation funds, and saving and credit cooperatives with respect to some of our credit products, such as credit cards and consumer loans. Furthermore, in recent years and given the outstanding credit rating held by the country, as well as the liquidity observed in overseas markets, local middle market, corporations and multinational branches in Chile have increasingly replaced loans rendered by local banks with off-shore long-term debt. In addition, we face competition from other types of competitors, such as leasing, factoring and automobile financing companies (especially in lending products), as well as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies, within the market for savings and mortgage loans. Nevertheless, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual funds, while the insurance brokerage business has become an important component of the value offerings provided by banks.

Within the local banking industry, our primary competitors are the main commercial banks in Chile, namely, Banco Santander—Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, Corpbanca, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Chile (BBVA), and Banco Itaú Chile. Nevertheless, we also face competition from Banco del Estado, a government owned bank, which has a larger customer base than we do. Banco del Estado, which operates under the same regulatory regime as Chilean privately owned banks, was the third largest bank in Chile as of December 31, 2014, with outstanding total loans of Ch$16,614,586 million, representing a 13.8% market share (excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad), according to data published by the SBIF.

In the retail market, we compete with other privately-owned Chilean banks, as well as with Banco del Estado. We believe our strongest privately owned competitors in this market are Banco Santander—Chile and Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, as these banks have developed diversified business strategies focused on both small and medium sized companies and lower to middle income segments of the Chilean population. In addition, we believe our strongest competitors in the high income individual segment are Banco Santander—Chile and Banco Itaú Chile, as these banks provide their customers with wealth management services and traditional banking solutions, as we do. We also compete with companies that offer non-lending specialized financial services in the high income individuals segment such as Larrain Vial and BTG Pactual, whose core businesses are stock brokerage, financial advisory, mutual funds management and wealth management services.

Historically, commercial banks in Chile have competed in the retail market against each other, and finance companies and department stores, with the latter two having traditionally been focused on consumer loans to low and middle income segments. However, finance companies gradually disappeared between the 1990s and 2000s, as most of them merged into the largest commercial banks that dominate the Chilean banking industry today. Also, by the end of 1990s, the Chilean financial industry

 

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witnessed the rise of non-traditional banking competitors, such as large department stores. During the 2000s, these players gained increasing significance in the consumer lending sector, as they were permitted to issue financial products such as credit cards. This trend resulted in the creation of three consumer oriented banks affiliated with Chile’s largest department stores; namely, Banco Falabella, Banco Ripley and Banco Paris. Although these banks had a combined market share (excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad) of only 1.9% as of December 31, 2014, according to the SBIF, the presence of these banks is likely to make consumer banking more competitive over the next few years, especially within the lower income segment.

In the wholesale market, we believe our strongest competitors are also Banco Santander—Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, Corpbanca and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Chile (BBVA). Similarly, we believe these banks are our most significant competitors in the small and medium sized companies’ business segment. In this segment we also compete with entities such as Larrain Vial and BTG Pactual, which provide their corporate customers with, among others, financial advisory, investment banking, wealth management, debt restructuring and securities placements services.

The Chilean banking industry has experienced increased levels of competition in recent years from domestic as well as foreign banks. This phenomenon has triggered a consolidation wave within the industry and the creation of more comprehensive banking entities that participate in most of our markets. Consequently, banks’ strategies have been increasingly focused on reducing costs and improving efficiency standards in order to compete effectively with the larger banks. Although we are making our best efforts in order to operate within this competitive environment, we acknowledge that our income may decrease as a result of increasing competition.

Regarding mergers and acquisitions events in the local banking industry, most of these transactions have involved international players seeking to participate in the local market by acquiring local banks and their banking licenses. Thus, in mid-1996, Banco Santander of Spain took control of Banco Osorno and merged it into its Chilean operations, changing its name to Banco Santander Chile. In January 1997, Banco O’ Higgins and Banco de Santiago merged, forming Banco Santiago and in 1999 Banco Santander of Spain acquired Banco Santiago. During 2001, Banco de Chile merged with Banco de A. Edwards, which was effective on January 1, 2002. In August 2002, Banco Santiago and Banco Santander–Chile, then the second and fourth largest banks in Chile, respectively, merged and became Chile’s largest bank under the Banco Santander Chile brand name. In 2003, Banco del Desarrollo merged with Banco Sudamericano, while Dresdner Banque Nationale de Paris merged with Banco Security in 2004, maintaining the Banco Security brand name. Subsequently, in 2005, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones merged with Banco Conosur. In 2007, Banco Itaú acquired Bank Boston unit in Chile, while Rabobank and Scotiabank acquired HNS Bank and Banco del Desarrollo, respectively. In the first quarter of 2008, we merged with Citibank Chile, and afterwards the Superintendency of Banks authorized the opening of a branch of the Norwegian bank DnB NOR and the acquisition of ABN Amro Bank by The Royal Bank of Scotland. In early 2009, the merger agreement between Scotiabank Sudamericano and Banco del Desarrollo was completed, through which the former became Scotiabank Chile and the latter ceased to exist. During 2009, Banco Monex was acquired by Consorcio Group, which absorbed the operations of the former and its subsidiaries, becoming Banco Consorcio. Furthermore, by the end of 2013 Corpbanca’s controlling shareholders announced its intention to sell part of its stake to a local or international player. On January 29, 2014, Corpgroup (the controlling shareholder of Corpbanca) accepted the bid of Brazil’s Itau Unibanco, through which Itau merges its own Chilean and Colombian subsidiaries with Corpbanca. The merged bank, on a pro forma basis, would have had a 12.6% market share as of December 31, 2014, excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad. In addition, according to publicly available information, the merged bank should start its operations by the end of 2015.

In addition, consolidation and overseas expansion has emerged as a means of inorganic growth for local banks. Actually, during 2012 Corpbanca, fourth ranked among Chilean privately owned banks in terms of total loans as of December 31, 2011, acquired a former Santander Group’s subsidiary in Colombia and consolidated its balance sheet and results of operations beginning May 31, 2012. In addition, by the end of 2012, Corpbanca made a bid for acquiring Helm Bank in Colombia. The bid process was completed and fully authorized by the SBIF in July 2013 and Corpbanca started to consolidate the balance sheet of this new subsidiary beginning August 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2014 loans associated with Corpbanca’s operations in Colombia amounted to Ch$5,241,507 million and represented 4.2% of the industry’ total loans.

Similarly, by the end of May 2013, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (BCI)—the third largest privately owned bank in Chile in terms of total loans as of December 31, 2013 with a 13.2% market share (excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad)—announced

 

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the acquisition of City National Bank, headquartered in Florida, U.S. According to public information published by the SBIF as of February 28, 2015 (the latest available data), BCI had not consolidated the operations of City National Bank.

Furthermore, during 2014 the Chilean banking industry witnessed the entry of new market players and changes in the ownership structure of certain competitors. By the end of August, 2014 Banco International announced the intention of “Inversiones la Construcción (ILC)” to take control of the bank by acquiring a 50.1% stake from the controlling shareholder, “Baninter”. Banco Internacional is a small bank within the Chilean banking industry and is mostly focused on the wholesale banking segment. As of December 31, 2014 Banco Internacional’s loan book represented 0.6% of the total outstanding loans of the industry (excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad). On the other hand, on May 30, 2014 the SBIF authorized the existence and approved the bylaws of “Banco BTG Pactual Chile.” This bank, a Chilean subsidiary of Brazil-based bank BTG Pactual, was already operating in the Chilean financial industry since 2012 by providing stock brokerage, mutual funds management and investment banking services. Banco BTG Pactual Chile received the final authorization to operate as a bank by December 31, 2014 and officially started its operations on January 23, 2015.

We expect these trends of increasing competition and consolidation to continue, particularly in connection with the formation of new large financial groups and the creation of new niche banks. Although we believe that we are currently large enough to compete effectively in all of our target markets, any further consolidation in the Chilean financial services industry may adversely affect our competitive position. We are working on developing and enhancing our competitive strengths to ensure our sustainability.

Below there is a set of tables and figures for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 that shows our position within the Chilean financial industry. The market information is set forth under Chilean GAAP as published by the SBIF and—unless otherwise indicated—excludes data related to operations of subsidiaries abroad.

The following table sets forth certain statistical information on the Chilean financial system as of December 31, 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

    As of December 31, 2014  
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  
    Assets     Loans(1)(2)     Deposits(2)     Equity(3)  
CHILEAN GAAP:   Amount     Share     Amount     Share     Amount     Share     Amount     Share  

Private sector banks

  Ch$ 152,764,835        84.5   Ch$ 104,012,138        86.2   Ch$ 81,087,677        80.8   Ch$ 13,172,923        91.4

Banco del Estado

    28,116,204        15.5        16,614,586        13.8        19,295,095        19.2        1,242,499        8.6   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total banking system

  Ch$ 180,881,039        100.0   Ch$ 120,626,724        100.0   Ch$ 100,382,772        100.0   Ch$ 14,415,422        100.0
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Loans to customers, net of interbank loans.
(2) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.
(3) For purposes of this table, equity includes capital and reserves, net income for the period and provisions for minimum dividends.

 

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Loans

We had total loans of Ch$21,876,648 million as of December 31, 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP. The following table sets forth our market share and the market share of our principal privately owned competitors in terms of total loans, as of the dates indicated, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Total Loans(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2012                     2013                     2014          

Banco Santander—Chile

     19.1     19.2     19.0

Banco de Chile

     19.0        19.1        18.1   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     13.2        13.2        13.1   

Banco Corpbanca

     8.4        7.3        7.4   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     7.1        6.9        6.9   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Accumulated market share

     66.8     65.7     64.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Provisions for loan losses not deducted.
(2) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Credit Quality

The following table sets forth the ratio of allowances to total loans of the largest private banks in Chile and that of the Chilean financial system as a whole (including such banks) as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Allowances to Total  Loans(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2012                     2013                     2014          

Banco Santander—Chile

     2.91     2.91     3.06

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     2.29        2.32        2.17   

Banco de Chile

     2.28        2.30        2.42   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     1.80        1.72        1.64   

Banco Corpbanca

     1.27        1.55        1.36   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system

     2.27     2.36     2.65
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

The following table sets forth the ratio of past-due loans (90 days or more) over total loans for the largest private banks in Chile as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 on an individual basis, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Past-Due Loans to Total Loans(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2012                     2013                     2014          

Banco de Chile

     0.97     1.13     1.25

Banco Corpbanca

     1.30        1.21        1.48   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     1.22        1.50        1.59   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     2.07        2.39        2.29   

Banco Santander—Chile

     3.17        2.93        2.81   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial system

     2.22     2.15     2.12
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: Chilean SBIF

 

(1) The Superintendency of Banks only releases information about past-due loans (90 days or more) on an individual basis for Chilean banks.
(2) Past-Due loans refer to loans 90 days or more past-due, including installments that are overdue and the remaining amount of principal and interest.

 

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Deposits

We had total deposits (including demand deposits and time deposits) of Ch$16,655,619 million as of December 31, 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP. The following table sets forth the market shares in terms of total deposits for private banks as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 on a consolidated basis, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Total Deposits(1)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
             2012                     2013                     2014          

Banco de Chile

     17.8     17.8     16.6

Banco Santander—Chile

     16.6        16.6        16.8   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     12.8        12.6        12.8   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     6.3        6.4        6.3   

Banco Corpbanca

     8.2        6.3        6.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total market share

     61.7     59.7     58.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Excludes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

Capital and Reserves

The following table sets forth the level of capital and reserves for the largest private banks in Chile as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Capital and Reserves  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  

Banco de Chile

   Ch$ 1,841,968       Ch$ 2,095,296       Ch$ 2,268,664   

Banco Santander—Chile

     1,898,348         2,044,834         2,257,747   

Banco Corpbanca

     936,275         1,639,493         1,654,610   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     1,230,078         1,371,894         1,560,883   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     592,336         631,434         664,224   

 

Source: SBIF

Return on Capital and Reserves

The following table sets forth our return on capital and reserves and the returns on capital and reserves of our principal privately owned competitors and the Chilean banking industry as a whole, in each case as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Return on Capital and Reserves(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    Year Ended December 31,  
             2012                     2013                     2014          

Banco de Chile

     25.3     24.5     26.1

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     22.1        21.9        22.0   

Banco Santander—Chile

     20.4        21.6        24.4   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     11.0        8.0        11.0   

Banco Corpbanca

     12.8        9.5        13.7   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial System average

     15.6     15.9     18.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Corresponds to net income attributable to equity holders divided by the year-end balance of Capital and Reserves.
(2) Includes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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Efficiency

The following table sets forth the efficiency ratios of the largest private Chilean banks as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, according to information published by the SBIF under Chilean GAAP:

 

     Efficiency Ratio(1)(2)  
CHILEAN GAAP:    As of December 31,  
              2012                        2013                        2014            

Banco de Chile

     47.2     42.8     43.4

Banco Santander—Chile

     42.8        43.0        42.0   

Banco de Crédito e Inversiones

     49.6        48.2        46.1   

Banco Corpbanca

     56.7        52.9        52.1   

BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya

     59.5        58.4        65.4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial System average

     51.2     49.9     49.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

Source: SBIF

 

(1) Operating expenses divided by operating revenue.
(2) Includes operations of subsidiaries abroad.

 

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REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

In Chile, only banks may maintain current accounts for their customers conduct foreign trade operations and, together with non-banking financial institutions, accept time deposits. The principal authorities that regulate financial institutions in Chile are the SBIF and the Central Bank. Chilean banks are primarily subject to the General Banking Law and secondarily, to the extent not inconsistent with that law, the provisions of the Chilean Corporations Law governing public corporations, except for certain provisions that are expressly excluded.

The Chilean banking system dates back to 1925 and has been characterized by periods of substantial regulation and government intervention, as well as periods of deregulation. The most recent period of deregulation commenced in 1975 and culminated in the adoption of a series of amendments to the General Banking Law. In 2004, amendments to the General Banking Law granted additional powers to banks, including general underwriting powers for new issuances of certain debt and equity securities and the power to create subsidiaries to engage in activities related to banking, such as brokerage, investment advisory, mutual fund services, investment fund management, factoring, securitization products and financial leasing services. Prior to 2006, banks had the option of distributing less than 30% of their earnings as dividends in any given year, subject to approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s common stock. In 2006, however, the General Banking Law was amended to eliminate this alternative.

Following the Chilean banking crisis of 1982 and 1983, the SBIF assumed control of banks representing approximately 51% of the total loans in the banking system. As part of the assistance that the Chilean Government provided to Chilean banks, the Central Bank permitted banks to sell to it a certain portion of their non-performing loan portfolios at book value. Each bank then repurchased such loans at their economic value (which, in most cases, was substantially lower than the book value at which the Central Bank had acquired them), with the difference to be repaid to the Central Bank out of future income. Pursuant to Law No. 18,818, which was passed in 1989, this difference was converted into subordinated debt.

Lastly, by the end of 2014, the Chilean Finance Ministry announced an overall review and various modifications to the Chilean Banking Law. As proposed, these changes are aimed at modernizing the Chilean banking framework by adopting the Basel III Guidelines, while appropriately regulating the complexity of the Chilean banking industry, improving corporate governance requirements and reinforcing the independency of the SBIF, and establishing a resolution system for banks. This proposal will likely be sent to the Chilean congress for discussion and approval. See “Item 3. Risk Factors—Restrictions imposed by banking regulations may constrain our operations and thereby adversely affect our financial condition and results.”

The Central Bank

The Central Bank is an autonomous legal entity created under the framework of the Chilean Constitution. It is subject to its Ley Orgánica Constitucional (the “Organic Constitutional Law”) and the Chilean Constitution. To the extent not inconsistent with its Organic Constitutional Law or the Chilean Constitution, the Central Bank is also subject to general laws applicable to the private sector, but is not subject to the laws applicable to the public sector. The Central Bank is directed and administered by a board of directors composed of five members designated by the President of Chile, subject to Senate approval.

The legal purpose of the Central Bank is to maintain the stability of the Chilean peso and the orderly functioning of Chile’s internal and external payment systems. The Central Bank’s powers include setting reserve requirements, regulating the amount of money and credit in circulation, and establishing regulations and guidelines regarding financial companies, foreign exchange (including the Formal Exchange Market) and bank deposit-taking activities.

The Superintendency of Banks

Banks are supervised and controlled by the SBIF, a Chilean governmental agency. The SBIF authorizes the creation of new banks and has broad powers to interpret and enforce legal and regulatory requirements applicable to banks and financial institutions. Furthermore, in cases of noncompliance with its legal and regulatory requirements, the SBIF has the ability to impose sanctions.

 

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In extreme cases, it can appoint, with the prior approval of the board of directors of the Central Bank, a provisional administrator to manage a bank. It also has the mandate to approve any amendment to a bank’s bylaws or any increase in its capital.

The SBIF examines all banks from time to time, usually at least once a year. Banks are required to submit unaudited financial statements to the SBIF on a monthly basis and to publish their unaudited financial statements at least four times a year in a newspaper of national circulation. A bank’s financial statements as of December 31 of each year must be audited and submitted to the SBIF together with the opinion of its independent auditors. In addition, banks are required to provide extensive information regarding their operations at various periodic intervals to the SBIF.

Any person wishing to acquire, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the share capital of a bank must obtain prior approval from the SBIF. Without such approval, the holder will not have the right to vote such shares. The SBIF may only refuse to grant its approval based on specific grounds set forth in the General Banking Law.

According to Article 35 bis of the General Banking Law, the prior authorization of the SBIF is required for each of the following:

 

 

the merger of two or more banks;

 

 

the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a bank’s assets and liabilities by another bank;

 

 

the control by the same person, or controlling group, of two or more banks; or

 

 

a substantial increase in the share ownership of a bank by a controlling shareholder of that bank.

Such prior authorization is required only when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a market share in loans determined by the SBIF to be more than 15% of the Chilean banking system loans. The intended purchase, merger or expansion may be denied by the SBIF, or, if the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined to be more than 20% of the Chilean banking system loans, the purchase, merger, or expansion may be conditioned on one or more of the following:

 

 

that the bank or banks maintain Regulatory Capital above 8% and up to 14% of their risk-weighted assets;

 

 

that the technical reserve established in article 65 of the General Banking Law be applicable when deposits exceed 1.5 times the resulting bank’s paid-in capital and reserves; or

 

 

that the amount of interbanking loans be reduced to 20% of the resulting bank’s Regulatory Capital.

If the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined by the SBIF to be more than 15% but less than 20%, the authorization will be conditioned on the bank or banks maintaining Regulatory Capital not below 10% of their risk-weighted assets for a period set by the SBIF, which may not be less than one year. The calculation of risk-weighted assets is based on a five-category risk classification system applied to a bank’s assets that is based on the Basel Committee recommendations.

Pursuant to the regulations of the SBIF, the following ownership disclosures are required:

 

 

banks must disclose to the SBIF the identity of any person owning, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of its shares;

 

 

holders of ADSs must disclose to the depositary the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs registered under such holders’ names;

 

 

the depositary must disclose to the bank the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs which the depositary has registered, and the bank, in turn, must disclose to the SBIF the identity of the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing 5% or more of such bank’s shares; and

 

 

bank shareholders who individually hold 10% or more of a bank’s capital stock and who are controlling shareholders must periodically inform the SBIF of their financial condition.

 

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The Superintendency of Securities and Insurance

Our subsidiaries Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A., Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., Banchile Securitizadora S.A. and Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda. are supervised by the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros or “SVS”). The SVS is a Chilean governmental agency that is empowered to interpret and enforce legal and regulatory requirements applicable to entities that are subject to securities and insurance regulation. The SVS also has the ability to impose sanctions over the supervised entities.

Limitations on Types of Activities

Chilean banks can only conduct those activities allowed by the General Banking Law, including loan placements, factoring and leasing activities, accepting deposits and, subject to certain limitations, making investments and performing financial services. Investments are restricted to real estate for the bank’s own use, gold, foreign exchange and debt securities. Through subsidiaries, banks may also engage in other specific financial service activities such as securities brokerage services, mutual fund management, investment fund management, foreign capital fund management, financial advisory, securitization and factoring activities. Subject to specific limitations and the prior approval of the SBIF and the Central Bank, Chilean banks may own majority or non-controlling interests in foreign banks.

In March 2002, the Central Bank authorized banks to pay interest on current accounts and the SBIF published guidelines permitting banks to offer and charge fees for the use of a current account product that pays interest. Under these guidelines, these accounts may be subject to a minimum balance and different interest rates depending on average balances held in the account. The Central Bank has imposed additional caps on the interest rate that can be charged by banks with a solvency score of less than A.

In June 2007, the Chilean Government passed Law No. 20,190, which amended various aspects of Chile’s capital markets regulatory framework, such as the General Banking Law, Securities, Insurance, Venture Capital and Tax law. Law No. 20,190 is aimed at improving the access to financing for start-up companies and small businesses in order to strengthen confidence in the stock market and to stimulate the development of the financial market in general. The General Banking Law was amended to achieve these goals by, among other things, revising regulations concerning demand deposits, increasing certain credit limits, and redefining the calculations to determine the proper amount for a bank’s reserves. In addition, the General Banking Law was amended to allow local banks to engage in derivatives such as options, swaps and forward contracts, thereby eliminating prior existing legal impediments to those practices.

As a consequence of Chile’s accession to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Chilean congress introduced new corporate governance regulations in 2009. The Chilean Corporations Law and the Chilean Securities Markets Law were amended such that public companies with capital above 1,500,000 UF that have at least 12.5% of their voting shares owned by shareholders representing less than 10% of the voting shares are required to have at least one independent director in their board of directors. In order to assure the independence of this director, certain requirements were established to protect minority shareholders’ decisions. In addition, regulation was passed to expand the disclosure requirements of publicly-held companies and to hold members of boards of directors liable for not complying with such disclosure obligations.

Deposit Insurance

According to the General Banking Law, local or foreign currency denominated deposits at banks or financial companies are insured as described below.

The Chilean Government guarantees up to 100% of the principal amount of the following deposits:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

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deposits in savings accounts of demand deposits;

 

 

other demand deposits; and

 

 

deposits in savings accounts with unlimited withdrawals.

In addition, the Chilean Government guarantees up to 90% of the principal amount of time deposits held by individuals in the Chilean banking system. This guarantee covers obligations with a maximum value of UF 108 per person (Ch$2,659,727 or U.S.$4,388.3 as of December 31, 2014).

Reserve Requirements

Deposits are subject to a reserve requirement of 9.0% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits (with terms of less than one year). The Central Bank has statutory authority to increase these percentages to as much as 40% for demand deposits and as much as 20% for time deposits, to implement monetary policy.

In addition, Chilean banks must hold a certain amount of assets in cash or highly liquid instruments. This reserve requirement is equal to the amount by which the daily balance of deposits payable on demand, net of clearing, exceeds 2.5 times the amount of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. Deposits payable on demand include the following:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

 

other demand deposits or obligations payable on demand and incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

 

saving deposits that allow unconditional withdrawals that bear a stated maturity; and

 

 

other deposits unconditionally payable immediately.

Chilean regulations also require that (i) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 30 days do not exceed a bank’s Basic Capital and (ii) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 90 days do not exceed twice a bank’s Basic Capital. Behavioral assumptions of assets and liabilities maturities are accepted if approved by the SBIF.

As of December 31, 2014 Banco de Chile fully complied these reserve requirements.

Minimum Capital

Under the General Banking Law, a bank must have a minimum paid in capital and reserves of UF 800,000 (Ch$19,702 million or U.S.$32.5 million as of December 31, 2014). However, a bank may begin its operations with 50% of such amount, provided that it has a Regulatory Capital ratio (defined as Regulatory Capital as a percentage of risk weighted assets) of not less than 12%. When such a bank’s paid in capital reaches UF 600,000 (Ch$14,776 million or U.S.$24.4 million as of December 31, 2014), the Regulatory Capital ratio requirement is reduced to 10%.

As of December 31, 2014 Banco de Chile fully complied with such minimum capital requirements.

Capital Adequacy Requirements

According to the General Banking Law, each bank should have Regulatory Capital of at least 8% of its risk-weighted assets, net of required allowances. This percentage may be increased by the regulators according to what has been stated above.

Banks should also have a Basic Capital of at least 3% of their total assets, net of required allowances.

The terms Regulatory Capital and Basic Capital are defined under “Presentation of Financial Information” at the beginning of this annual report.

 

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As of December 31, 2014 Banco de Chile fully complied with such capital adequacy requirements.

Market Risk Regulations

In September 2005, the SBIF introduced new regulations for measuring market risks (e.g., price and liquidity risks). This entity introduced standardized methodologies based on Basel Market Risk Measurement models for measuring and reporting price risks. These methodologies allow local banks to determine interest rate, foreign exchange (“FX”) and options risks (for FX and interest rate transactions) taken in both their trading and accrual books. Additionally, this entity provided funding liquidity risk measurements standards which included the alternative to model the maturity tenor of some balance sheet items following behavioral assumptions.

The trading book is composed of portfolios of debt and equity instruments that have a liquid secondary market and therefore their valuation at market prices and the corresponding profit and losses impact is representative of market conditions. In addition, all derivative transactions and the FX mismatches are also part of the trading book. The accrual book comprises all of the asset and liability balance sheet items that are not part of the trading book.

The regulation provides that 8% of the sum of the risk-weighted assets and the price risk of the trading book may not be higher than Regulatory Capital. In light of the merger between Banco de Chile and Banco A. Edwards in 2002, the SBIF raised the applicable percentage for us from 8% to 10%. As of December 31, 2014, the price risk of our trading book totaled Ch$80,579 million.

The following table shows our regulatory risk availability, computed as the difference between the risk and our Regulatory Capital, as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except
percentage)
 

(a) 10% risk-weighted assets

     2,439,925   

(b) Trading price risk

     80,579   

(c = a + b) Total risk

     2,520,504   

(d) Regulatory Capital

     3,249,903   

(e = d – c) Risk Availability

     729,399   

(f = c/d) Risk used as a Percentage of Regulatory Capital

     77.6

Interest rate risk generated by the accrual book is measured against a self-imposed limit equal to the lesser of 12-month rolling net revenues and our Basic Capital.

The guidelines for measuring liquidity risk are mainly focused on constructing an expected cash flow analysis for the following 30 and 90 days, broken down by currency. Net outflows may not exceed the amount of our Basic Capital for the following 30 days or two times that amount for the following 90 days. Subject to approval of the SBIF, the cash flow analysis may include behavioral run-off assumptions for some specific liability balance sheets items (demand deposits, time deposits, etc.) and behavioral roll-over assumptions for some asset items of the consolidated statement of financial position data (loans, etc.).

In June 2006, the SBIF introduced new regulations relating to (i) the valuation process of debt instruments and (ii) the measurement and reporting of credit risk generated by derivative transactions.

Prior to June 2006, the SBIF allowed banks to classify debt instruments for accounting and business purposes as either “Trading” or “Held-to-Maturity” only. Starting in June 2006, a new alternative classification was added (“Available-for-Sale”). No changes to the classification system have occurred since June 2006.

Credit risk for derivative transactions, for regulatory purposes, must be measured and reported as:

Derivatives Credit risk = Current Mark-to-Market (if positive) + Credit Risk Factor (%) * Notional Amount

The Current Mark-to-Market (“CMTM”) of the transaction, if positive, reflects the amount of money owed by the counterparty today, e.g. corresponding to the amount the counterparty would pay us if the transaction were unwound today. As we are interested in measuring the maximum amount of money that the customer would owe us within the life of the transaction, the

 

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maximum potential future value of the transaction is added to the CMTM. This potential value is measured as the Credit Risk Factor multiplied by the Notional Amount. Hence, the Credit Risk Factor reflects the potential value that the transaction may take in favor of the bank (under some confidence level) within its remaining tenor. The regulator determines the Credit Risk Factor by considering market factors (three categories: interest rates, FX rates or equity prices) involved in the respective transactions and the remaining tenor. In addition, banks usually develop their own Credit Risk Factors models to assess credit risk not only under regulatory guidelines. Netting and credit mitigation schemes, such as recouponing, early termination, margins, etc. have been allowed by regulators so that banks can better manage their credit risk.

Lending Limits

Under the General Banking Law, Chilean banks are subject to certain lending limits, including the following material limits:

 

 

A bank may not extend to any entity or individual, directly or indirectly, unsecured credit in an amount that exceeds 10% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital, or in an amount that exceeds 30% of its Regulatory Capital if the excess over 10% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess.

 

 

In the case of financing infrastructure projects built through the concession mechanism, the 10% ceiling for unsecured credits is raised to 15% if secured by a pledge over the concession, or if granted by two or more banks or financial companies which have executed a credit agreement with the builder or holder of the concession.

 

 

A bank may not extend loans to another financial institution subject to the General Banking Law in an aggregate amount exceeding 30% of its Regulatory Capital.

 

 

A bank may not extend to any individual or entity that is, directly or indirectly, related to the ownership or management of the bank, credit under more favorable terms with respect to repayment conditions, interest rates or collateral than those granted to third parties in similar transactions. The aggregate amount of such credits granted to related persons may not exceed 5% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. The 5% unsecured ceiling is raised to 25% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital if the excess over 5% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess. In any case, the aggregate amount of these credits granted by the bank may not exceed the bank’s Regulatory Capital.

 

 

A bank may not directly or indirectly grant a loan, the purpose of which is to allow an individual or entity to acquire shares of the lender bank.

 

 

A bank may not lend, directly or indirectly, to a director or any other person who has the power to act on behalf of the bank.

 

 

A bank may not grant loans to related parties (including holders of more than 1% of its shares) on more favorable terms than those generally offered to non-related parties. Loans granted to related parties are subject to the limitations described in the first bullet point above. The aggregate amount of loans to related parties may not exceed a bank’s Regulatory Capital.

In addition, the General Banking Law limits the aggregate amount of loans that a bank may grant to its employees to 1.5% of its Regulatory Capital and provides that no individual employee may receive loans in excess of 10% of this 1.5% limit. Notwithstanding these limitations, a bank may grant to each of its employees a single residential mortgage loan for personal use during such employee’s term of employment.

As of December 31, 2014 Banco de Chile fully complied the lending limits established by the General Banking Law.

 

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Classification of Banks

The SBIF regularly examines and evaluates each bank’s solvency and credit management process, including its compliance with loan classification guidelines. On the basis of this evaluation, it classifies banks into various categories.

Solvency and Management

In accordance with amended regulations of the SBIF effective as of January 1, 2004, banks are classified into categories “I” through “V” based upon their solvency and management ratings. This classification is confidential.

 

Category I:

   This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level A in terms of solvency and management.

Category II:

   This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (i) level A in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management, (ii) level B in terms of solvency and level A in terms of management, or (iii) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management.

Category III:

   This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (i) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods, (ii) level A in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management, or (iii) level B in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management.

Category IV:

   This category is reserved for financial institutions that are rated level A or B in terms of solvency and have been rated level C in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods.

Category V:

   This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level C in terms of solvency, irrespective of their rating level of management.

A bank’s solvency rating is determined by its Regulatory Capital (after deducting accumulated losses during the financial year) to risk-weighted assets ratio. This ratio is equal to or greater than 10% for level A banks, equal to or greater than 8% and less than 10% for level B banks and less than 8% for level C banks.

With respect to a bank’s management rating, level A banks are those that are not rated as level B or C. Level B banks display some weakness in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios. Level C banks display significant deficiencies in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios.

Obligations Denominated in Foreign Currencies

Foreign currency-denominated obligations of Chilean banks are subject to two requirements:

 

 

a reserve requirement of 9% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits (see “—Reserve Requirements”); and

 

 

net foreign currency outflows may not exceed the amount of the Basic Capital for the following 30 days or two times that amount for the following 90 days.

Capital Markets

Under the General Banking Law, banks in Chile may purchase, sell, place, underwrite and act as paying agents with respect to certain debt securities. Likewise, banks in Chile may place and underwrite certain equity securities. Bank subsidiaries may also engage in debt placement and dealing, equity issuance advice and securities brokerage, as well as mutual fund and investment fund administration, factoring, investment advisory services and merger and acquisition services. The SBIF generally regulates these subsidiaries. However, the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance regulates some of these subsidiaries. The Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance is the regulator of the Chilean securities market and publicly-held corporations.

 

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Legal Provisions Regarding Banking Institutions with Economic Difficulties

The General Banking Law provides that if specified adverse circumstances exist at any bank, its board of directors must correct the situation within 30 days from the date of receipt of the relevant financial statements. If the board of directors is unable to do so, it must call an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting to increase the capital of the bank by the amount necessary to return the bank to financial stability. If the shareholders reject the capital increase, or if it is not effected within the 30-day period and in the manner agreed to at the meeting, or if the SBIF does not approve the board of directors’ proposal, the bank will be barred from increasing its loan portfolio beyond that stated in the financial statements presented to the board of directors and from making any further investments in any instrument other than instruments issued by the Central Bank. In such a case, or in the event that a bank is unable to make timely payment in respect of its obligations, or if a bank is under provisional administration of the SBIF, the General Banking Law provides that the bank may receive a two-year term loan from another bank. The terms and conditions of such a loan must be approved by the board of directors of both banks, as well as by the SBIF, but need not be submitted to the borrowing bank’s shareholders for their approval. A creditor bank may not grant such interbank loans to an insolvent bank in an amount exceeding 25% of the creditor bank’s Regulatory Capital. The board of directors of a bank that is unable to make timely payment of its obligations must present a reorganization plan to its creditors in order to capitalize the credits, extend their respective terms, forgive debts or take other measures for the payment of the debts. If the board of directors of a bank submits a reorganization plan to its creditors and such arrangement is approved, all subordinated debt issued by the bank, whether or not matured, will be converted by operation of law into common stock in the amount required for the ratio of Regulatory Capital to risk-weighted assets to be no lower than 12%. If a bank fails to pay an obligation, it must notify the SBIF, which shall determine if the bank is solvent.

Dissolution and Liquidation of Banks

The SBIF may establish that a bank should be liquidated for the benefit of its depositors or other creditors when the bank does not have the necessary solvency to continue its operations. In which case, the SBIF must revoke the bank’s authorization to exist and order its mandatory liquidation, subject to the agreement of the Central Bank. The SBIF must also revoke the bank’s authorization if the reorganization plan of the bank has been rejected twice. The resolution by the SBIF must state the reason for ordering the liquidation and must name a liquidator, unless the SBIF assumes this responsibility. When a liquidation is declared, all current accounts, other demand deposits received in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or that have a maturity of no more than 30 days, and any other deposits and receipts payable within 10 days of its maturity date, are required to be paid by using the bank’s existing funds, its deposits with the Central Bank, or its investments in instruments that represent its reserves. If these funds are insufficient to pay these obligations, the liquidator may seize the bank’s remaining assets, as needed. If necessary, and in specified circumstances, the Central Bank will lend the bank the funds necessary to pay these obligations. Any such loans are preferential to any claims of other creditors of the liquidated bank.

Investments in Foreign Securities

Under current Chilean banking regulations, banks in Chile may grant loans to foreign individuals and entities and invest in certain foreign currency securities. Chilean banks may only invest in equity securities of foreign banks and certain other foreign companies which may be affiliates of the bank or which would support the bank’s business if such companies were incorporated in Chile. Banks in Chile may also invest in debt securities traded in formal secondary markets. Such debt securities shall qualify as (i) securities issued or guaranteed by foreign sovereign states or their central banks or other foreign or international financial entities, and (ii) bonds issued by foreign companies. Such foreign currency securities must have a minimum rating as indicated in the table below and, if the investments in these securities and the loans referred to above exceed 70% of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance for 100% of the excess shall be established:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term    Long Term

Moody’s Investor Service (Moody’s)

   P2    Baa3

Standard and Poor’s (S&P)

   A2    BBB–

Fitch Rating Service (Fitch)

   F2    BBB–

Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS)

   R2    BBB (low)

 

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A Chilean bank may invest in securities having a minimum rating as follows, provided that if the total amount of these investments and the loans referred to above exceed 20% (or 30% in certain cases) of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance of 100% of the excess shall be established by the bank:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term    Long Term

Moody’s Investor Service (Moody’s)

   P2    Ba3

Standard and Poor’s (S&P)

   A2    BB–

Fitch Rating Service (Fitch)

   F2    BB–

Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS)

   R2    BBB (low)

However, a Chilean bank may invest in securities up to an additional amount of 70% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital without having to establish an additional allowance, if such securities have a minimum rating of:

 

Rating Agency

   Short Term    Long Term

Moody’s Investor Service (Moody’s)

   P2    Ba3

Standard and Poor’s (S&P)

   A2    BB–

Fitch Rating Service (Fitch)

   F2    BB–

Dominion Bond Rating Service (DBRS)

   R2    BB (low)

Subject to specific conditions, a bank may grant loans in U.S. dollars to subsidiaries or branches of Chilean companies located abroad, to companies listed on foreign stock exchanges located in countries with an international risk rating no less than BB- or its equivalent and, in general, to individuals and entities residing or domiciled abroad.

Procedures for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market

In order to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Chilean Securities Market Law and regulations, issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the SBIF, our board of directors approved, on January 29, 2010, the Manual for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market (the “Manual”).

The Manual’s main objective is to provide timely disclosure of our policies and internal regulations in connection with the disclosure of information to the public and the systems that have been implemented by us.

In addition, these policies and internal regulations establish codes of conduct that our employees and other persons with access to certain information must comply with in order to protect information related to us.

The Manual is available to the general public on our web page at www.bancochile.cl.

Prevention of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism

On December, 18, 2003 Law 19.913 created the Financial Analysis Unit and enacted new rules regarding money laundering. On March 6, 2006, the SBIF issued regulations governing the requirements applicable to banks with respect to prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing. The regulations, as amended, are aimed at incorporating international anti-money laundering (“AML”) and terrorism financing laws to the Chilean banking industry. Pursuant to these regulations, the SBIF requires that banks implement an Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system based mainly on the “know your customer” concept. Moreover, these policies and procedures must be approved by the board of directors of each bank and must take into account the volume and complexity of its operations and other related parties.

Based on these requirements, a Customer Identification Program (as part of the Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system) is needed to enable a bank to reestablish the reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its customers. In general, the program includes:

 

 

properly identifying customers, including their background, source and amount of funds, country of origin and other risk factors;

 

 

identifying what the SBIF has defined as “persons politically exposed” (“PEPs”) both within Chile and abroad; and

 

 

establishing procedures to open accounts and products, with different documentation requirements needed for different types of accounts and products.

 

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The Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system required by local regulations must also include the following components:

 

 

AML policies and procedures aimed at preventing a bank from being used as an intermediary to carry out money laundering operations;

 

 

appointment of a compliance officer on a senior management level who is responsible for coordinating and monitoring day-to-day AML compliance;

 

 

establishment of an AML Committee for the purposes of planning and coordinating compliance with AML policies and procedures;

 

 

use of software tools to detect, monitor and report unusual operations related to transactions made by customers on different products;

 

 

implementation of personnel selection policies and a training program, in order to prevent money laundering;

 

 

establishment of a Code of Conduct in order to, among other things, guide employee behavior and prevent possible conflicts of interest; and

 

 

independent testing by the compliance department, which must be conducted by a bank’s internal audit department.

Consumer-Oriented Regulation

On December 5, 2011, Law 20.555 was published in the Diario Oficial, amending the Chilean Consumer Protection Law. The most significant changes enacted by Law 20.555 were:

 

 

new agreements entered into by banks and consumer must fully disclose the costs that the consumer assumes, as well as the periodicity, and the mechanisms to modify them. In addition, new agreements must fully disclose all terms, events of default, events of early termination, and automatic payments;

 

 

banks must inform consumers periodically as to the complete, detailed cost of the banking product, as well as of the cost of the services rendered. The information must include the cost that the consumer will assume if he terminates the agreement before the end of its term;

 

 

before rendering a service or delivering a product, banks must give the consumer a quote, which must include costs, rates, and conditions;

 

 

if the consumer so wishes banks must terminate the rendering of a service;

 

 

banks must inform guarantors as to their rights and obligations before they assume the role of guarantor;

 

 

irrevocable mandates and mandates in blank are prohibited by the law;

 

 

when consumers execute standard form contracts, banks must explain, in writing, the main provisions of the agreement; and

 

 

banks may only modify fees and costs of services and banking products if the mechanisms to modify them are based on objective and verifiable factors previously agreed to in the agreement. In addition, the cost of banking services and products may not be modified without the consent of the consumer.

This amendment became effective on March 5, 2012; however, with regards to banking product agreements entered into before such date, the amendment does not affect the substantive rights acquired by the parties in those agreements. This amendment

 

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created a new legal framework, “Sernac Financiero”, whose purpose is to monitor and oversee the relationship between customers and financial institutions, with a particular focus on lending activities and contracts.

In July 2012, the government enacted the regulations that implement Law 20,555, which address mortgage loans, consumer loans, credit cards, the “Sernac Seal” (Sello Sernac), and other financial products and services. The new regulations govern, among other matters, the form and content of communications that financial institutions must periodically provide to their customers. Likewise, the new regulations implement the so-called “Summary Sheet” (Hoja Resumen), which must precede the contracts that consumers enter into with financial institutions. The Summary Sheet is intended to provide a clear and understandable summary of the terms and conditions that govern financial products and services.

The Sernac Seal is a new concept introduced by Law 20,555 and consists of a non-mandatory certification granted by the Chilean government agency in charge of consumer protection (Servicio Nacional del Consumidor, “Sernac”), by which that agency confirms that the contracts used by a financial institution when providing products and services comply with the Consumer Protection Act. In this regard, the new regulation establishes the specific requirements for financial institutions to obtain such certification as well as the events that may lead to its termination. Among the requirements to obtain the certification, financial institutions must provide a consumer service and adopt a dispute resolution procedure as defined by Law 20,555 and its regulation.

All of these regulations are already implemented by Banco de Chile, except Sernac Seal, which is not mandatory.

On April 30, 2013, the SBIF revoked several regulations that governed in general terms the collection of fees and expenses, the possibility of collecting them in certain cases, changing the fees to be charged to customers, and their exclusion from the calculation of the effective interest rate. The SBIF said that this revocation occurred because, based on the amendments incorporated by law No 20,555, it lacks authority to continue regulating these matters.

On December 19, 2013, the Ministry of Economy published a regulation for the manner and conditions under which consumers validly express their consent to financial contracts. Additionally, this regulation established the effects of a customer’s rejection or non-acceptance of an amendment proposed by the bank or other supplier. However, this regulation was revoked on March 26, 2014.

On March 17, 2015 the SBIF released Circular Nº 3,578, which provides a new set of minimum standards for the availability of banks’ ATM networks. These rules impose minimum levels of uptime for ATMs belonging to each institution in order to ensure desired levels of performance and service quality. Also, the SBIF has urged local banks to include the management of their ATM networks within their service policies and has required that they report relevant information periodically.

New Insurance Brokerage Regulations

On December 1, 2013, a new regulation affecting all insurance brokerage businesses in Chile became effective. This regulation is a result of Law No. 20,667 that was enacted on May 9, 2013 and Circular No. 2114 issued by the SVS on July 26, 2013. The new regulation establishes that, in the case of early termination of an insurance policy paid for in advance (for example, because of the early repayment of the related loan), all unearned premiums must be refunded to the customer by the company that issued the policy. This refund obligation includes both the unearned premiums and commissions relating to the remaining policy period, such as brokerage fees (e.g., the fees of our subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada) and any other commissions. The premiums and commissions subject to refund will be calculated in proportion to the unelapsed period. This refund obligation applies with respect to insurance policies issued after this new regulation became effective. Prior to this new regulation, unearned premiums were refunded only if the early termination took place within the later of forty-five days after the issuance of the insurance policy, or one-tenth of the total term of the insurance policy (from the date of issuance). These refund obligations did not have a material effect on our results of operations in 2014. Similarly, no material effects are expected due to this regulation on our results of operations in 2015.

 

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New Maximum Legal Interest Rates

On December 13, 2013, a new law—Law 20,715—regulating maximum interest rates became effective upon publication in the Chilean Official Gazette. This legislation affects all Chilean businesses that charge interests (including all banks, department stores and any other commerce or financial provider) on loans up to UF 200 (approximately U.S.$8,900), including installment loans, credit cards and credit lines related loans, as well as overdue loans. This regulation establishes among other things, a new methodology for calculating the maximum legal interest rate for loans—not indexed to inflation—longer than a 90-day term, which results in a reduction of the maximum legal interest rate applicable to such debtors. This law did not have a material effect on our results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. Similarly, no material effects are expected for 2015.

Bankruptcy Law

On October 10, 2014, a new Bankruptcy Law that aims to promote agreements and avoid liquidations became effective. Among the main changes introduced by this law is Article 57, which is intended to protect debtors and provides that, during a 30-day term beginning on the date of the appointment of observers:

 

  (i) the creditors of a debtor may not request its liquidation;

 

  (ii) no proceeding seeking the issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution or similar process may be initiated against a debtor;

 

  (iii) no proceeding seeking the restitution of leased assets may be initiated against a debtor;

 

  (iv) all proceedings referred to in (ii) and (iii) directly above will be suspended, as well as the term of the statute of limitations;

 

  (v) all the agreements entered into by a debtor will remain valid and effective and its payments terms and conditions will remain in force. Consequently, these agreements may not be early terminated without the consent of the debtor nor be enforced, even if the commencement of a reorganization proceeding under the Bankruptcy Law constitutes an event of default under such agreement. Thus, any guarantees granted to secure the obligations of the debtor may not be enforced; and

 

  (vi) if a debtor forms part of a public registry as a contractor or service provider, and it is in compliance with its obligations with the relevant principal, it cannot be excluded from such public registry and may not be prohibited from participating in any relevant bidding process.

Credit Risk Provisioning

On December 18, 2013 the SBIF published for comments a set of amendments to the regulations on allowances for loan losses and credit risk matters. A revised and final version of these guidelines was published on December 30, 2014 by the SBIF (Circular Nº 3,573).

The final version of the guidelines established a standardized method for calculating provisions for loan losses for residential mortgage loans, including the effects of past-due behavior and loan-to-value ratios, while supplementing and defining the treatment of provisions and credits composing the impaired loan portfolio. This set of rules also established standardized credit risk provisioning models for loan portfolios evaluated on a grouped basis. However, the circular clarified that standardized methods for evaluating commercial and consumer loans on a group basis, as well as the requirements for banks’ internally developed models, will be discussed and analyzed in 2015.

Lastly, the new guidelines also introduced changes for the treatment of factoring loans from a provisioning point of view, by taking into account the credit risk associated with the billed company. This new set of rules will go into effect on January 1, 2016.

 

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It is important to mention that the implementation of standardized credit risk provisioning models would only have an effect, if any, on our results of operations or financial condition prepared under Chilean GAAP, which differ to some extent from IFRS as issued by the IASB. The adoption of these guidelines will not have any impact on our results of operations or financial condition under IFRS.

Reporting of Operational Incidents

On March 23, 2015 the SBIF issued a new regulation on the reporting of operational incidents (Circular N° 3,579). According to this regulation, banks must report immediately to the SBIF certain types of significant operational incidents in order to keep the regulator properly informed. For purposes of the regulation, an operational incident is deemed significant if the event affects the business continuity, information security or reputation of the bank.

 

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The following diagram presents our current corporate structure, including our subsidiaries and their respective direct ownership interests, as of April 17, 2015:

 

LOGO

With the exception of Banchile Trade Services Limited, which was incorporated in Hong Kong, all of the subsidiaries presented above have their jurisdiction of incorporation in the Republic of Chile. See “—Business Overview—Principal Business Activities—Operations through Subsidiaries” for more information on our subsidiaries.

During 2014, we began a voluntary dissolution process for Banchile Trade Services Limited in Hong Kong. We expect to complete this process before the end of 2015.

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

We are domiciled in Chile and own the building located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile, that is approximately 77,500 square meters and serves as the headquarters for the Bank and its subsidiaries. In addition, we own three buildings located at Huerfanos 740, Agustinas 733 and Andrés Bello 2687, Santiago, Chile where the remainder of our executive offices are located. The total area we own in these buildings is equivalent to approximately 46,300 square meters.

As of December 31, 2014, we owned the properties on which 181 of our full-service branches and other points of sale are located (approximately 117,000 square meters of office space). Also, as of December 31, 2014, we had leased office space for 239 of our full-service branches with office space of approximately 66,000 square meters, while the remaining branches and other points of sale were managed through special partnership agreements between the property’s owner and us. We also own properties throughout Chile for back office and administrative operations, as well as for storage of documents and other purposes. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our present needs and suitable for their intended purposes.

As of December 31, 2014, we also owned approximately 134,250 square meters in mainly recreational physical facilities in Chile, which we use to assist our employees in maintaining a healthy work and life balance and which we use for incentive and integration activities.

 

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SELECTED STATISTICAL INFORMATION

The following information is included for analytical purposes and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities

The average balances for interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, including interest and readjustments received and paid, were calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. These average balances are presented in Chilean pesos (Ch$), in UF and in foreign currencies (principally the U.S. dollar). The UF is an inflation-indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos which is linked to, and which is adjusted daily to reflect changes in, the CPI of the Chilean National Institute of Statistics.

The nominal interest rate has been calculated by dividing the amount of interest and principal readjustment gain or loss during the period by the related average balance, both amounts expressed in Chilean pesos.

Foreign exchange gains or losses on foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities have not been included in interest revenue or expense. Interest received on past-due loans includes interest on such loans from the original maturity date. For our impaired portfolio and high risk loans, we apply a conservative approach of discontinuing accrual-basis recognition of interest revenue in the income statement and they are only recorded once received.

Included in cash and due from banks are current accounts maintained in the Central Bank and overseas banks. Such assets have a distorting effect on the average interest rate earned on total interest earning assets because of balances maintained in:

 

 

the Central Bank, only the portion that is legally required to be held for liquidity purposes earns interest; and

 

 

overseas banks earn interest on certain accounts in certain countries.

Consequently, the average interest earned on such assets is comparatively low. These deposits are maintained by us in these accounts to comply with statutory requirements and to facilitate international business, rather than to earn income.

 

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The following tables set forth, by currency of denomination, average balances and, where applicable, interest amounts and nominal rate for our assets and liabilities under IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Assets

                 

Interest earning assets

                 

Deposits in Central Bank

                 

Ch$

    279,627        1,569        0.56     294,427        1,386        0.47     298,688        3,401        1.14

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    90,671        143        0.16        101,845        265        0.26        96,598        497        0.51   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    370,298        1,712        0.46        396,272        1,651        0.42        395,286        3,898        0.99   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Investments

                 

Ch$

    703,721        51,727        7.35        797,743        26,424        3.31        1,102,713        52,006        4.72   

UF

    788,630        38,889        4.93        930,818        50,314        5.41        647,066        51,175        7.91   

Foreign currency

    255,998        3,229        1.26        218,414        4,723        2.16        219,291        9,417        4.29   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,748,349        93,845        5.37        1,946,975        81,461        4.18        1,969,070        112,598        5.72   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in advance to Banks

                 

Ch$

    381,578        12,993        3.41        496,870        15,728        3.17        602,968        18,938        3.14   

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    381,578        12,993        3.41        496,870        15,728        3.17        602,968        18,938        3.14   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commercial loans

                 

Ch$

    5,440,874        441,789        8.12        5,906,716        467,912        7.92        6,296,574        433,759        6.89   

UF

    3,983,001        285,516        7.17        4,464,635        308,227        6.90        4,834,705        372,748        7.71   

Foreign currency

    2,053,071        63,391        3.09        2,106,159        57,023        2.71        2,185,315        51,069        2.34   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    11,476,946        790,696        6.89        12,477,510        833,162        6.68        13,316,594        857,576        6.44   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer Loans

                 

Ch$

    2,597,069        518,787        19.98        2,834,958        562,721        19.85        3,068,810        564,660        18.40   

UF

    44,836        4,120        9.19        59,135        5,260        8.89        77,674        9,242        11.90   

Foreign currency

    12,329        —          —          15,739        6        0.04        20,395        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    2,654,234        522,907        19.70        2,909,832        567,987        19.52        3,166,879        573,902        18.12   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

                 

Ch$

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

UF

    3,924,080        266,625        6.79        4,455,850        288,888        6.48        5,082,293        497,258        9.78   

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    3,924,080        266,625        6.79        4,455,850        288,888        6.48        5,082,293        497,258        9.78   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreements

                 

Ch$

    42,109        2,786        6.62        27,382        1,649        6.02        27,704        1,355        4.89   

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    42,109        2,786        6.62        27,382        1,649        6.02        27,704        1,355        4.89   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest earning assets

                 

Ch$

    9,444,978        1,029,651        10.90        10,358,096        1,075,820        10.39        11,397,457        1,074,119        9.42   

UF

    8,740,547        595,150        6.81        9,910,438        652,689        6.59        10,641,738        930,423        8.74   

Foreign currency

    2,412,069        66,763        2.77        2,442,157        62,017        2.54        2,521,599        60,983        2.42   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$  20,597,594      Ch$  1,691,564        8.21   Ch$  22,710,691      Ch$  1,790,526        7.88   Ch$  24,560,794      Ch$  2,065,525        8.41
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Interest earned includes interest accrued on trading securities.

 

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    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Assets

                 

Non-interest earning assets

                 

Cash and due from banks

                 

Ch$

    392,220        —          —          434,620        —          —          403,354        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    238,241        —          —          301,156        —          —          367,273        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    630,461        —          —          735,776        —          —          770,627        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transactions in the course of collection

                 

Ch$

    266,559        —          —          225,309        —          —          246,658        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    184,865        —          —          178,101        —          —          167,715        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    451,424        —          —          403,410        —          —          414,373        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances for loan losses

                 

Ch$

    (352,064     —          —          (409,921     —          —          (477,991     —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          (6     —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    (352,064     —          —          (409,927     —          —          (477,991     —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivatives

                 

Ch$

    329,513        —          —          295,460        —          —          603,412        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    50,698        —          —          52,395        —          —          48,324        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    380,211        —          —          347,855        —          —          651,736        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Investments in Other Companies

                 

Ch$

    15,686        —          —          15,525        —          —          20,245        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    15        —          —          41        —          —          47        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    15,701        —          —          15,566        —          —          20,292        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Intangible assets

                 

Ch$

    70,335        —          —          74,709        —          —          68,359        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    70,335        —          —          74,709        —          —          68,359        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fixed assets

                 

Ch$

    208,650        —          —          201,991        —          —          202,385        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    208,650        —          —          201,991        —          —          202,385        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Current tax assets

                 

Ch$

    1,922        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,922        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets

                 

Ch$

    116,737        —          —          44,785        —          —          62,783        —          —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    116,737        —          —          44,785        —          —          62,783        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other assets

                 

Ch$

    224,076        —          —          205,980        —          —          173,425        —          —     

UF

    55,582        —          —          61,560        —          —          55,948        —          —     

Foreign currency

    37,359        —          —          30,868        —          —          100,899        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    317,017        —          —          298,408        —          —          330,272        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest earning assets

                 

Ch$

    1,273,634        —          —          1,088,458        —          —          1,302,630        —          —     

UF

    55,582        —          —          61,560        —          —          55,948        —          —     

Foreign currency

    511,177        —          —          562,555        —          —          684,258        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,840,393        —          —          1,712,573        —          —          2,042,836        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets

                 

Ch$

    10,718,612        1,029,651        —          11,446,554        1,075,820        —          12,700,087        1,074,119        —     

UF

    8,796,129        595,150        —          9,971,998        652,689        —          10,697,686        930,423        —     

Foreign currency

    2,923,246        66,763        —          3,004,712        62,017        —          3,205,857        60,983        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$  22,437,987      Ch$  1,691,564        —        Ch$  24,423,264      Ch$  1,790,526        —        Ch$  26,603,630      Ch$  2,065,525        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

70


Table of Contents
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Liabilities

                 

Interest bearing liabilities

                 

Savings accounts

                 

Ch$

    6,212,712        356,191        5.73     6,836,894        354,636        5.19     6,970,983        271,883        3.90

UF

    2,349,836        134,947        5.74        2,248,767        117,241        5.21        1,960,666        148,381        7.57   

Foreign currency

    817,575        6,790        0.83        756,822        3,312        0.44        792,571        2,435        0.31   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    9,380,123        497,928        5.31        9,842,483        475,189        4.83        9,724,220        422,699        4.35   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreements

                 

Ch$

    278,456        14,975        5.38        285,107        13,148        4.61        257,477        9,479        3.68   

UF

    3,036        10        0.33        128        —          —          1,741        102        5.86   

Foreign currency

    2,452        1        0.02        3,872        —          —          3,083        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    286,944        14,986        5.22        289,107        13,148        4.55        262,301        9,581        3.65   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowings from financial institutions

                 

Ch$

    35,705        3,050        8.54        140,055        3,307        2.36        277,597        1,054        0.38   

UF

    36        —          —          13        —          —          9        1        11.11   

Foreign currency

    1,399,621        19,258        1.38        1,061,798        10,484        0.99        859,593        6,111        0.71   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    1,435,362        22,308        1.55        1,201,866        13,791        1.15        1,137,199        7,166        0.63   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt issued

                 

Ch$

    36,866        1,048        2.84        22,731        1,132        4.98        12,179        2,123        17.43   

UF

    2,516,157        160,071        6.36        3,075,889        182,824        5.94        3,401,241        316,902        9.32   

Foreign currency

    285,147        9,103        3.19        672,589        15,374        2.29        1,483,580        25,301        1.71   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    2,838,170        170,222        6.00        3,771,209        199,330        5.29        4,897,000        344,326        7.03   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial obligations

                 

Ch$

    95,187        1,525        1.60        101,782        1,473        1.45        108,487        1,356        1.25   

UF

    26,078        1,501        5.76        21,757        1,398        6.43        16,690        3,640        21.81   

Foreign currency

    49,712        159        0.32        50,329        42        0.08        64,982        20        0.03   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    170,977        3,185        1.86        173,868        2,913        1.68        190,159        5,016        2.64   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

                 

Ch$

    6,658,926        376,789        5.66        7,386,569        373,696        5.06        7,626,723        285,895        3.75   

UF

    4,895,143        296,529        6.06        5,346,554        301,463        5.64        5,380,347        469,026        8.72   

Foreign currency

    2,557,507        35,311        1.38        2,545,410        29,212        1.15        3,203,809        33,867        1.06   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 14,111,576      Ch$ 708,629        5.02   Ch$ 15,278,533      Ch$ 704,371        4.61   Ch$ 16,210,879      Ch$ 788,788        4.87
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

71


Table of Contents
    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
    Average
Nominal
Rate
    Average
Balance
    Interest
Earned(1)
     Average
Nominal
Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Liabilities

               

Non-interest bearing liabilities

               

Current account and demand deposits

               

Ch$

    4,093,133        —          —          4,576,645        —          —          5,109,950        —           —     

UF

    159,501        —          —          164,012        —          —          185,098        —           —     

Foreign currency

    673,841        —          —          714,685        —          —          929,007        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    4,926,475        —          —          5,455,342        —          —          6,224,055        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Transactions in the course of payment

               

Ch$

    127,303        —          —          84,307        —          —          108,117        —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    175,972        —          —          148,098        —          —          138,669        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    303,275        —          —          232,405        —          —          246,786        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives

               

Ch$

    338,598        —          —          313,315        —          —          588,001        —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    92,303        —          —          78,467        —          —          68,076        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    430,901        —          —          391,782        —          —          656,077        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Current tax liabilities

               

Ch$

    12,470        —          —          5,401        —          —          3,864        —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    12,470        —          —          5,401        —          —          3,864        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

               

Ch$

    56,830        —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    56,830        —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Provisions

               

Ch$

    98,794        —          —          110,187        —          —          183,730        —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    98,794        —          —          110,187        —          —          183,730        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other liabilities

               

Ch$

    237,218        —          —          243,424        —          —          193,974        —           —     

UF

    15,891        —          —          17,266        —          —          17,654        —           —     

Foreign currency

    33,788        —          —          27,758        —          —          27,810        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    286,897        —          —          288,448        —          —          239,438        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity

               

Ch$

    2,210,769        —          —          2,661,166        —          —          2,838,801        —           —     

UF

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     

Foreign currency

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    2,210,769        —          —          2,661,166        —          —          2,838,801        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total non-interest bearing liabilities and equity

               

Ch$

    7,175,115        —          —          7,994,445        —          —          9,026,437        —           —     

UF

    175,392        —          —          181,278        —          —          202,752        —           —     

Foreign currency

    975,904        —          —          969,008        —          —          1,163,562        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

    8,326,411        —          —          9,144,731        —          —          10,392,751        —           —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

               

Ch$

    13,834,041        376,774        —          15,381,014        373,696        —          16,653,160        285,895         —     

UF

    5,070,535        296,437        —          5,527,832        301,463        —          5,583,099        469,026         —     

Foreign currency

    3,533,411        42,260        —          3,514,418        29,212        —          4,367,371        33,867         —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 22,437,987      Ch$ 715,471        —        Ch$ 24,423,264      Ch$ 704,371        —        Ch$ 26,603,630      Ch$ 788,788         —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Interest Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin

The following table sets forth, by currency of denomination, the levels of our average interest earning assets and net interest, and illustrates the comparative margins obtained, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Total average interest earning assets

      

Ch$

   Ch$ 9,444,978      Ch$ 10,358,096      Ch$ 11,397,457   

UF

     8,740,547        9,910,438        10,641,738   

Foreign currency

     2,412,069        2,442,157        2,521,599   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     20,597,594        22,710,691        24,560,794   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest earned (including interest earned on trading securities)(1)

      

Ch$

     652,862        702,124        788,224   

UF

     298,621        351,226        461,397   

Foreign currency

     31,452        32,805        27,116   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 982,935      Ch$ 1,086,155      Ch$ 1,276,737   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest margin, nominal basis(2)

      

Ch$

     6.91     6.78     6.92

UF

     3.42        3.54        4.34   

Foreign currency

     1.30        1.34        1.08   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     4.77     4.78     5.20
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Net interest earned is defined as interest revenue earned less interest expense incurred.
(2) Net interest margin, nominal basis is defined as net interest earned divided by average interest earning assets.

 

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Table of Contents

Changes in Net Interest Income—Volume and Rate Analysis

The following tables compare, by currency of denomination, changes in our net interest revenue between 2012 and 2013, as well as 2013 and 2014, caused by (i) changes in the average volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and (ii) changes in their respective nominal interest rates. Volume and rate variances were calculated based on movements in average balances over the period and changes in nominal interest rate, average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities. The net change attributable to changes in both volume and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change in volume and the change in rate.

 

     Increase (Decrease) from
2012 to 2013 due to changes in
    Net Change
from 2012 to

2013
    Increase (Decrease) from
2013 to 2014 due to changes in
    Net Change
from 2013 to

2014
 
IFRS:    Volume     Rate       Volume     Rate    
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Assets

            

Interest earning assets

            

Deposits in Central Bank

            

Ch$

   Ch$ 80      Ch$ (263   Ch$ (183   Ch$ 20      Ch$ 1,995      Ch$ 2,015   

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     19        103        122        (14     246        232   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     99        (160     (61     6        2,241        2,247   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial investments

            

Ch$

     6,168        (31,471     (25,303     12,132        13,450        25,282   

UF

     7,451        3,974        11,425        (18,157     19,018        861   

Foreign currency

     (532     2,026        1,494        19        4,675        4,694   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     13,087        (25,471     (12,384     (6,006     37,143        31,137   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans in advance to bank

            

Ch$

     3,702        (967     2,735        3,333        (123     3,210   

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     3,702        (967     2,735        3,333        (123     3,210   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commercial loans

            

Ch$

     37,107        (10,984     26,123        29,530        (63,683     (34,153

UF

     33,549        (10,838     22,711        26,787        37,734        64,521   

Foreign currency

     1,604        (7,972     (6,368     2,080        (8,034     (5,954
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     72,260        (29,794     42,466        58,397        (33,983     24,414   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

            

Ch$

     47,239        (3,305     43,934        44,620        (42,681     1,939   

UF

     1,276        (136     1,140        1,917        2,065        3,982   

Foreign currency

     —          6        6        1        (7     (6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     48,515        (3,435     45,080        46,538        (40,623     5,915   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

            

Ch$

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

UF

     34,895        (12,632     22,263        45,089        163,281        208,370   

Foreign currency

     —            —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     34,895        (12,632     22,263        45,089        163,281        208,370   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreement

            

Ch$

     (905     (232     (1,137     19        (313     (294

UF

     —          —          —          —          —          —     

Foreign currency

     —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (905     (232     (1,137     19        (313     (294
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest earning assets

            

Ch$

     93,391        (47,222     46,169        89,654        (91,355     (1,701

UF

     77,171        (19,632     57,539        55,636        222,098        277,734   

Foreign currency

     1,091        (5,837     (4,746     2,086        (3,120     (1,034
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 171,653      Ch$ (72,691   Ch$ 98,962      Ch$ 147,376      Ch$ 127,623      Ch$ 274,999   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents
     Increase (Decrease) from
2012 to 2013 due to changes in
    Net Change
from 2012 to

2013
    Increase (Decrease) from
2013 to 2014 due to changes in
    Net Change
from 2013 to

2014
 
IFRS:    Volume     Rate       Volume     Rate    
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Liabilities

            

Interest bearing liabilities

            

Savings accounts and time deposits

            

Ch$

   Ch$ 34,036      Ch$ (35,591   Ch$ (1,555   Ch$ 6,829      Ch$ (89,582   Ch$ (82,753

UF

     (5,634     (12,072     (17,706     (16,519     47,659        31,140   

Foreign currency

     (472     (3,006     (3,478     150        (1,027     (877
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     27,930        (50,669     (22,739     (9,540     (42,950     (52,490
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Repurchase agreements

            

Ch$

     350        (2,177     (1,827     (1,191     (2,478     (3,669

UF

     (5     (5     (10     —          102        102   

Foreign currency

     —          (1     (1     —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     345        (2,183     (1,838     (1,191     (2,376     (3,567
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowing from financial institutions

            

Ch$

     3,744        (3,487     257        1,778        (4,031     (2,253

UF

     —          —          —          —          1        1   

Foreign currency

     (4,043     (4,731     (8,774     (1,770     (2,603     (4,373
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (299     (8,218     (8,517     8        (6,633     (6,625
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt issued

            

Ch$

     (504     588        84        (731     1,722        991   

UF

     33,803        (11,050     22,753        21,062        113,016        134,078   

Foreign currency

     9,463        (3,192     6,271        14,649        (4,722     9,927   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     42,762        (13,654     29,108        34,980        110,016        144,996   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other financial obligation

            

Ch$

     101        (153     (52     93        (210     (117

UF

     (266     163        (103     (395     2,637        2,242   

Foreign currency

     2        (119     (117     10        (32     (22
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     (163     (109     (272     (292     2,395        2,103   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest bearing liabilities

            

Ch$

     37,727        (40,820     (3,093     6,778        (94,579     (87,801

UF

     27,898        (22,964     4,934        4,148        163,415        167,563   

Foreign currency

     4,950        (11,049     (6,099     13,039        (8,384     4,655   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 70,575      Ch$ (74,833   Ch$ (4,258   Ch$ 23,965      Ch$ 60,452      Ch$ 84,417   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

75


Table of Contents

Financial Investments

Financial assets held for trading:

The following table sets forth a breakdown of instruments classified as financial assets held-for-trading, included in our investment portfolio:

 

     As of December 31,      Weighted
Average Nominal
Rate as of
December 31,
 
IFRS:    2012      2013      2014      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)      %  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

           

Central Bank bonds

   Ch$ 25,585       Ch$ 34,407       Ch$ 13,906         2.95

Central Bank promissory notes

     3,068         2,995         2,996         2.76   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

     43,726         27,535         71,968         3.07   

Other securities issued in Chile:

           

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     22         14         9         3.75   

Bonds from domestic banks

     —           1,926         3,197         4.93   

Deposits in domestic banks

     87,093         255,582         199,665         3.77   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     —           3,427         1,351         12.01   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     188         1,035         366         —     

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

           

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

     —           —           —           —     

Other instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 159,682       Ch$ 326,921       Ch$ 293,458         3.60
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

“Other securities issued in Chile” includes instruments sold under repurchase agreements with customers and financial instruments, amounting to Ch$86,863 million as of December 31, 2012, Ch$227,453 million as of December 31, 2013 and Ch$194,074 million as of December 31, 2014. Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank include instruments sold under agreements to repurchase to customers and financial institutions. For these instruments, there were no balances as of December 31, 2012, 2013 or 2014.

 

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Table of Contents

Investment Portfolio:

The detail of instruments classified as financial assets available-for-sale and as financial assets held-to-maturity is as follows:

Financial assets available-for-sale

 

     As of December 31,      Weighted
average nominal
rate as of
December 31,
 
IFRS:    2012      2013      2014      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)      %  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

           

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

   Ch$ 110,569       Ch$ 333,035       Ch$ 28,795         3.28

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

     969         50,415         149,755         2.81   

Other instruments

     140,246         202,958         160,774         3.95   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

           

Equity instruments valued at cost

     613         352         358         —     

Equity instruments valued at fair value

     7,263         7,827         8,249         —     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     85,688         96,933         96,294         4.04   

Bonds from domestic banks

     116,100         128,500         251,231         3.08   

Deposits from domestic banks

     560,390         617,816         657,467         4.03   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     32,281         13,558         29,519         4.46   

Other instruments

     129,693         154,267         162,829         6.04   

Instruments issued by Foreign Institutions:

           

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

     —           —           —           —     

Other instruments issued abroad

     88,504         76,222         63,525         5.05   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 1,272,316       Ch$ 1,681,883       Ch$ 1,608,796         4.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The portfolio of financial assets available for sale included net unrealized gains of Ch$ 24,829 million, Ch$36,443 million and Ch$40,929 million as of December 31, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, in each case recorded in other comprehensive income within equity.

Financial assets held to maturity

There are no securities reported under this category as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

Maturity of Financial Investments:

The maturities of financial assets held-for-trading and financial assets available-for-sale as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were as follows:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year but
within 5
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year but
within 10
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10 years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets held for trading:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Central Bank bonds

  Ch$ 25,585        2.70   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 25,585   

Central Bank promissory notes

    3,068        4.50        —          —          —          —              3,068   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    43,726        2.59        —          —          —          —          —          —          43,726   

Other securities issued in Chile:

                 

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    22        5.40        —          —          —          —          —          —          22   

Bonds from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Deposits in domestic banks

    87,093        6.98        —          —          —          —          —          —          87,093   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

    188        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          188   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 159,682        5.04   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 159,682   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

77


Table of Contents
    As of December 31, 2013  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year but
within 5
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year but
within 10
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10 years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets held for trading:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Central Bank bonds

  Ch$ 34,407        2.32   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 34,407   

Central Bank promissory notes

    2,995        3.84        —          —          —          —          —          —          2,995   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    27,535        2.26        —          —          —          —          —          —          27,535   

Other securities issued in Chile:

                 

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    14        3.88        —          —          —          —          —          —          14   

Bonds from domestic banks

    1,926        4.00        —          —          —          —          —          —          1,926   

Deposits in domestic banks

    255,582        4.44        —          —          —          —          —          —          255,582   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    3,427        10.94        —          —          —          —          —          —          3,427   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    1,035        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,035   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 326,921        4.10   Ch$           —        Ch$           —     Ch$                Ch$ 326,921   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

    As of December 31, 2014  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year but
within 5
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year but
within 10
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10 years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets held for trading:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Central Bank bonds

  Ch$ 13,906        2.95   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 13,906   

Central Bank promissory notes

    2,996        2.76        —          —          —          —          —          —          2,996   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    71,968        3.07        —          —          —          —          —          —          71,968   

Other securities issued in Chile:

                 

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    9        3.75        —          —          —          —          —          —          9   

Bonds from domestic banks

    3,197        4.93        —          —          —          —          —          —          3,197   

Deposits in domestic banks

    199,665        3.77        —          —          —          —          —          —          199,665   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    1,351        12.01        —          —          —          —          —          —          1,351   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    366        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          366   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 293,458        3.60   Ch$ —          —        Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 293,458   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

78


Table of Contents
    As of December 31, 2012  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year but
within 5

years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year but
within 10

years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10  years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets available-for-sale:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

  Ch$ 36,773        4.73   Ch$ 73,796        3.62   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 110,569   

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    231        3.46        369        3.18        369        3.18        —          —          969   

Other instruments

    38,466        3.06        96,008        3.35        5,772        3.89        —          —          140,246   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

                 

Equity instruments valued at cost

    —          —          —          —          —          —          613        —          613   

Equity instruments valued at fair value

    —          —          —          —          —          —          7,263        —          7,263   

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    7,275        3.84        28,446        3.83        29,420        3.84        20,547        3.79        85,688   

Bonds from domestic banks

    29,800        4.55        68,111        3.94        16,144        3.81        2,045        3.80        116,100   

Deposits from domestic banks

    549,390        6.91        11,000        5.23        —          —          —          —          560,390   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    4,687        6.13        9,464        5.56        9,845        5.77        8,285        3.95        32,281   

Other instruments

    2,567        6.23        48,940        6.70        73,089        5.82        5,097        5.92        129,693   

Instruments issued by Foreign Institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          57,966        5.39        30,538        —          88,504   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 669,189        6.42   Ch$ 336,134        4.18   Ch$ 192,605        5.15   Ch$ 74,388        4.13   Ch$ 1,272,316   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

    As of December 31, 2013  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year but
within 5

years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year but
within 10

years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10  years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets available-for-sale:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

  Ch$ 71,411        2.51   Ch$ 254,295        2.49   Ch$ 7,329        4.93   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 333,035   

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    50,415        3.84        —          —          —          —          —          —          50,415   

Other instruments

    28,817        3.14        112,112        3.13        61,954        4.41        75        3.66        202,958   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

                 

Equity instruments valued at cost

    —          —          —          —          —          —          352        —          352   

Equity instruments valued at fair value

    —          —          —          —          —          —          7,827        —          7,827   

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    8,927        3.97        35,103        3.97        35,018        4.02        17,885        4.02        96,933   

Bonds from domestic banks

    30,116        3.55        86,357        3.59        11,266        4.74        761        3.87        128,500   

Deposits from domestic banks

    601,393        3.57        16,423        3.30        —          —          —          —          617,816   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    599        4.90        6,510        6.28        2,432        5.11        4,017        5.14        13,558   

Other instruments

    13,715        7.23        39,280        6.53        99,008        5.83        2,264        7.17        154,267   

Instruments issued by Foreign Institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          33,985        5.27        42,237        —          76,222   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 805,393        3.54   Ch$ 550,080        3.25   Ch$ 250,992        5.07   Ch$ 75,418        4.48   Ch$ 1,681,883   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

79


Table of Contents
    As of December 31, 2014  
    Due
within 1
year
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
1 year  but
within
5 years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
5 year  but
within 10
years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Due after
10  years
    Weighted
Average
Nominal
Rate
    Total  
    (millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Financial assets available-for-sale:

                 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank:

                 

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

  Ch$ 8,137        3.27   Ch$ 20,501        3.28   Ch$ 157        4.04   Ch$ —          —     Ch$ 28,795   

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and the Central Bank

    149,755        2.81        —          —          —          —          —          —          149,755   

Other instruments

    19,341        3.42        64,457        3.48        52,937        4.67        24,039        4.06        160,774   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

                 

Equity instruments valued at cost

    —          —          —          —          —          —          358        —          358   

Equity instruments valued at fair value

    —          —          —          —          —          —          8,249        —          8,249   

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    9,468        4.04        36,374        4.04        34,374        4.07        16,078        3.96        96,294   

Bonds from domestic banks

    31,034        3.07        124,048        3.07        91,239        3.07        4,910        3.33        251,231   

Deposits from domestic banks

    612,883        4.07        44,584        3.41        —          —          —          —          657,467   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    1,576        4.28        10,829        5.49        5,260        3.97        11,854        3.75        29,519   

Other instruments

    17,389        6.36        92,670        6.00        49,845        5.92        2,925        7.17        162,829   

Instruments issued by Foreign Institutions:

                 

Instruments from foreign governments or central banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued abroad

    —          —          3,211        5.09        1,938        5.00        58,376        —          63,525   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 849,583        3.84   Ch$ 396,674        4.04   Ch$ 235,750        4.21   Ch$ 126,789        4.06   Ch$ 1,608,796   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

80


Table of Contents

Loan Portfolio

The following table sets forth our loans by type of loan and risk classification. All loan amounts stated below are before deduction of allowances for loan losses.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans:

              

Commercial loans

     6,969,374         7,872,546         8,544,960         9,891,258         9,626,704   

Foreign trade loans

     913,658         1,509,147         1,240,955         1,154,681         1,266,799   

Current account debtors

     122,106         214,479         189,399         259,289         310,135   

Factoring transactions

     477,133         589,098         606,137         524,059         478,735   

Commercial lease transactions

     777,294         996,566         1,113,272         1,209,747         1,381,522   

Other loans and accounts receivable

     37,841         31,607         40,647         39,939         46,851   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     9,297,406         11,213,443         11,735,370         13,078,973         13,110,746   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage loans:

              

Mortgage bonds

     164,474         134,377         109,215         87,354         70,104   

Endorsable mortgage loans

     205,260         175,258         151,206         122,905         104,175   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

     2,556,335         3,297,331         3,937,766         4,516,822         5,237,631   

Residential lease transactions

     —           —           27         24         21   

Other loans and accounts receivable

     552         468         453         5,202         6,692   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,926,621         3,607,434         4,198,667         4,732,307         5,418,623   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consumer loans:

              

Consumer loans in installments

     1,482,056         1,763,101         1,912,483         2,043,955         2,206,324   

Current account debtors

     230,767         232,972         245,066         240,952         271,820   

Credit card debtors

     440,791         569,290         679,986         783,782         883,010   

Consumer lease transactions

     —           —           —           —           —     

Other loans and accounts receivable

     354         257         189         801         810   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,153,968         2,565,620         2,837,724         3,069,490         3,361,964   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

     14,377,995         17,386,497         18,771,761         20,880,770         21,891,333   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The loan categories are as follows:

 

 

“Commercial Loans” are loans and accounts receivable from clients not included within the mortgage or consumer loans categories.

 

 

“Mortgage Loans” include mortgage loans granted to individuals to acquire, expand, repair or build a home, issued as mortgage bonds, endorsable mortgage loans or by other methods. It also includes supplementary loans for the same purposes and bridge loans granted before the mortgage loan has been settled. This subcategory also includes residential real estate lease transactions and other accounts receivable.

 

 

“Consumer Loans” are all loans granted to individuals to be used for purchasing goods or services. These include different types of loans (either installments or revolving), as well as balances from credit card transactions or overdrafts on current accounts belonging to individuals. Consumer loans also include consumer lease transactions and other accounts receivable. Consumer loans do not include loans granted to finance business activities that the debtor is developing or that it may develop.

 

81


Table of Contents

Maturity and Interest Rate Sensitivity of Loans as of December 31, 2014

The following table sets forth an analysis by type and time remaining to maturity of our loans as of December 31, 2014:

 

    Balances as of
December 31,
2014
    Due within 1
month
    Due after 1
month but
within 6 months
    Due after
6 months but
within
12 months
    Due after 1 year
but within 3
years
    Due after 3
years but within
5 years
    Due after
5 years
 
    (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

             

Commercial Loans:

             

Commercial loans

  Ch$ 9,626,704      Ch$ 1,134,925      Ch$ 1,896,371      Ch$ 1,196,508      Ch$ 2,685,512      Ch$ 1,214,086      Ch$ 1,499,302   

Foreign trade loans

    1,266,799        291,303        761,100        149,831        56,353        7,032        1,180   

Current account debtors

    310,135        310,135        —          —          —          —          —     

Factoring loans

    478,735        286,073        159,492        8,978        19,691        4,289        212   

Leasing loans

    1,381,522        44,892        183,669        189,033        482,194        217,624        264,110   

Other loans

    46,851        17,668        27,036        1,008        1,003        127        9   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    13,110,746        2,084,996        3,027,668        1,545,358        3,244,753        1,443,158        1,764,813   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage Loans:

             

Mortgage bonds

    70,104        1,986        5,636        6,903        21,914        15,329        18,336   

Endorsable mortgage loans

    104,175        1,738        5,775        6,842        24,849        20,747        44,224   

Residential mortgage loans

    5,237,631        43,183        109,350        133,087        553,863        569,721        3,828,427   

Leasing loans

    21        21        —          —          —          —          —     

Other loans

    6,692        2,334        3,540        765        53        —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    5,418,623        49,262        124,301        147,597        600,679        605,797        3,890,987   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer Loans:

             

Consumer loans

    2,206,324        141,371        393,679        384,233        985,853        279,655        21,533   

Current accounts debtors

    271,820        271,819        —          —          —          —          1   

Credit card

    883,010        129,293        753,717        —          —          —          —     

Other loans

    810        810        —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    3,361,964        543,293        1,147,396        384,233        985,853        279,655        21,534   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Loans

  Ch$ 21,891,333      Ch$ 2,677,551      Ch$ 4,299,365      Ch$ 2,077,188      Ch$ 4,831,285      Ch$ 2,328,610      Ch$ 5,677,334   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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The following table sets forth the interest rate sensitivity of our outstanding loans due after one year as of December 31, 2014:

 

     As of
December 31,
2014
 
     (in millions of
Ch$)
 

IFRS:

  

Variable rate

  

Ch$

   Ch$ 866,025   

UF

     730,778   

Foreign currency

     608,197   
  

 

 

 

Total

     2,205,000   
  

 

 

 

Fixed rate

  

Ch$

     2,737,301   

UF

     7,685,023   

Foreign currency

     209,905   
  

 

 

 

Total

     10,632,229   
  

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 12,837,229   
  

 

 

 

 

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Loans by Economic Activity

The following table sets forth under IFRS, at the dates indicated, an analysis of our loan portfolio based on the borrower’s principal economic activity. Loans to individuals for business purposes are allocated to their respective economic activity.

 

    As of December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   Loan
Portfolio
    % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
    % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
    % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
    % of Loan
Portfolio
    Loan
Portfolio
    % of Loan
Portfolio
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Agribusiness, Fishing:

                   

Agriculture and livestock

  Ch$ 420,384        2.92   Ch$ 482,392        2.77   Ch$ 380,239        2.43   Ch$ 425,905        2.04   Ch$ 452,077        2.07

Fruit

    275,060        1.91        329,728        1.90        318,241        1.70        365,930        1.75        381,528        1.74   

Forestry and wood extraction

    70,765        0.49        100,799        0.58        125,236        0.67        122,270        0.59        118,034        0.54   

Fishing

    238,835        1.66        271,901        1.56        311,477        1.25        219,173        1.05        261,375        1.19   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,005,044        6.98        1,184,820        6.81        1,135,193        6.05        1,133,278        5.43        1,213,014        5.54   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mining and Petroleum:

                   

Mining and quarries

    177,479        1.23        399,752        2.30        372,437        1.98        340,045        1.63        362,276        1.65   

Natural gas and crude oil extraction

    2,599        0.02        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    180,078        1.25        399,752        2.30        372,437        1.98        340,045        1.63        362,276        1.65   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Manufacturing:

                   

Tobacco, food and beverages

    434,796        3.02        509,613        2.93        499,700        2.66        516,540        2.47        510,127        2.33   

Textiles, clothing and leather goods

    46,946        0.33        51,416        0.30        167,500        0.89        51,379        0.25        56,036        0.26   

Wood and wood products

    29,874        0.21        28,582        0.16        31,055        0.17        26,142        0.13        60,603        0.28   

Paper, printing and publishing

    54,337        0.38        68,534        0.39        60,355        0.32        64,281        0.31        49,948        0.23   

Oil refining, carbon and rubber

    28,214        0.20        93,080        0.54        64,708        0.34        249,481        1.19        338,582        1.55   

Production of basic metal, non-mineral, machine and equipment

    338,057        2.35        375,500        2.16        356,290        1.90        251,842        1.21        363,444        1.66   

Other manufacturing industries

    202,777        1.41        362,094        2.08        201,386        1.08        205,897        0.98        127,852        0.58   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,135,001        7.90        1,488,819        8.56        1,380,994        7.36        1,365,562        6.54        1,506,592        6.89   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Electricity, Gas and Water:

                   

Electricity, gas and water

    310,774        2.16        315,338        1.81        328,763        1.75        531,973        2.55        442,068        2.02   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    310,774        2.16        315,338        1.81        328,763        1.75        531,973        2.55        442,068        2.02   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Construction:

                   

Residential buildings

    609,532        4.25        793,842        4.57        1,074,856        5.73        1,306,852        6.26        1,365,105        6.24   

Other constructions

    114,745        0.80        151,000        0.86        177,690        0.94        151,229        0.72        69,405        0.32   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    724,277        5.05        944,842        5.43        1,252,546        6.67        1,458,081        6.98        1,434,510        6.56   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commerce:

                   

Wholesale

    746,448        5.19        1,020,572        5.87        921,459        4.91        1,087,933        5.21        1,220,832        5.58   

Retail, restaurants and hotels

    1,260,721        8.77        1,266,716        7.29        1,403,210        7.47        1,465,032        7.02        1,194,009        5.45   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,007,169        13.96        2,287,288        13.16        2,324,669        12.38        2,552,965        12.23        2,414,841        11.03   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transport, Storage and Communications:

                   

Transport and storage

    1,079,386        7.51        1,244,499        7.16        1,397,741        7.45        1,493,043        7.15        1,610,818        7.36   

Communications

    99,726        0.69        162,859        0.93        72,617        0.38        109,305        0.52        59,673        0.27   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,179,112        8.20        1,407,358        8.09        1,470,358        7.83        1,602,348        7.67        1,670,491        7.63   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Services:

                   

Financial and insurance companies

    1,615,006        11.23        1,937,788        11.15        1,796,921        9.57        2,009,136        9.62        1,811,389        8.27   

Real estate and other financial services

    83,580        0.58        83,723        0.48        57,650        0.31        41,119        0.20        87,727        0.40   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,698,586        11.81        2,021,511        11.63        1,854,571        9.88        2,050,255        9.82        1,899,116        8.67   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Community, Social and Personal Services:

                   

Community, social and personal services

    1,050,616        7.31        1,084,380        6.24        1,310,573        6.98        1,631,412        7.81        1,587,473        7.25   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,050,616        7.31        1,084,380        6.24        1,310,573        6.98        1,631,412        7.81        1,587,473        7.25   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Others

    325        —          79,335        0.46        311,476        1.67        421,848        2.02        580,365        2.65   

Consumer Loans

    2,159,235        15.02        2,565,620        14.76        2,831,514        15.08        3,060,696        14.66        3,361,964        15.36   

Residential Mortgage Loans

    2,927,778        20.36        3,607,434        20.75        4,198,667        22.37        4,732,307        22.66        5,418,623        24.75   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 14,377,995        100.00   Ch$ 17,386,497        100.00   Ch$ 18,771,761        100.00   Ch$ 20,880,770        100.00   Ch$ 21,891,333        100.00
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Foreign Country Outstanding Loans

Our cross-border outstanding loans are principally trade-related. These loans include loans granted to foreign financial institutions and foreign corporations, some of which are guaranteed by their Chilean parent company. The table below lists under IFRS the total amounts outstanding to borrowers in certain foreign countries as of the dates indicated, and thus does not include foreign trade-related loans to domestic borrowers.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Argentina

   Ch$ 3,307       Ch$ 5,241       Ch$ 4,841       Ch$ 5,300       Ch$ —     

Brazil

     21,100         18,231         26,440         13,824         33,295   

China

     —           —           —           —           22,857   

Colombia

     7,967         12,101         4,806         5,270         6,075   

Costa Rico

     6,138         —           —           —           —     

El Salvador

     4,239         —           —           —           —     

India

     —           15,656         14,476         15,855         18,284   

Mexico

     36,273         74,458         57,800         —           61,225   

Netherlands

     —           13,769         3,342         15,666         18,108   

Panama

     —           —           —           1,054         —     

Peru

     2,008         2,515         16,497         26,287         33,233   

Uruguay

     165         —           —           —           —     

Singapore

     —           10,369         9,486         —           —     

United Kingdom

     —           11,345         7,325         —           —     

United States

     —           5,568         17,472         21,971         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 81,197       Ch$ 169,253       Ch$ 162,485       Ch$ 105,227       Ch$ 193,077   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As a result of the economic and financial uncertainty observed in the Euro zone since the financial turmoil of 2008, the Bank is constantly monitoring the credit risk condition of certain European countries. In this line, as of December 31, 2014, the Bank only maintained exposures associated with contingent credits (standby letters of credits and performance bonds) with certain European countries, as follows:

 

     As of
December 31,
2014
 
     (in millions
of Ch$)
 

Italy

     1,879   

Spain

     9,576   
  

 

 

 

Total

     11,455   
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, the Bank does not have any exposure relating to any other product such as: financial assets available for sale, financial assets held for trading, derivatives instruments, working capital, lines of credit, etc. with the countries mentioned in the table above.

Credit Review Process

Credit risk is the risk that we will incur a loss because our customers or counterparties do not comply with their contractual obligations.

This risk is managed using a global, unified and forward-looking strategy, which recognizes the current and projected economic environment of the markets and segments in which our different businesses are developing and grants appropriate credit treatment to each such market or segment by using risk limits that we are willing to accept from counterparties.

Managing credit risk is, therefore, inherent to our business and must be incorporated into each segment in which we do business. In this way, we may achieve an optimum balance between assumed risks and attained returns and properly allocate capital to each business line while complying with regulations and criteria defined by our board of directors in order to ensure that we have an appropriate capital base for potential losses that may arise from our credit exposure.

Counterparty limits are established by analyzing financial information, risk ratings, the nature of the exposure, documentation, guarantees, market conditions and the pertinent industry sector, among other factors. The process of monitoring credit quality also includes identifying in advance any possible changes in a counterparty’s payment capacity, which enables us to evaluate the potential loss from these risks and take corrective actions.

 

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Approval Process

The bank analyzes its loan portfolio on a segmented basis and the same approach is used for approval purposes by taking into account the characteristics of each particular targeted group of customers. Given the diversity of the bank’s loan book, we utilize different techniques in order to evaluate the credit quality, payment capacity and financial structure of every type of customer. Based on these elements, we apply three kinds of models when analyzing a loan application:

Automated Model: This methodology is used for loan applications made by individuals in the retail banking segment, including lower, middle and higher income customers. This model relies, among other attributes, on: (i) individual credit profiles, (ii) indebtedness limits or financial burden, and (iii) the characteristics of the target market.

 

   

The customer’s credit profile is determined by using statistical credit scoring models, which differ depending on the segment in which the customer is allocated. The predictive accuracy of our statistical models is crucial for successfully determining the potential risk or loss associated with a loan portfolio under different economic conditions. This requires the bank to constantly review the quality and performance of these scoring models under current market conditions and modifying them when necessary.

 

   

Indebtedness limits or financial burden is intended to establish the maximum exposure that the bank is willing to accept for each customer, considering the current amount of debt held by the customer. The thresholds are defined in light of the customer’s risk profile, the segment and the income bracket of each customer. In this regard, it is crucial to accurately determine the indebtedness capacity of each type of customer, especially in less positive economic cycles, which are characterized by higher unemployment and lower income.

 

   

The definition of the target market is also a key element to guiding commercial efforts and executing the business strategy. The most efficient product offering allows the bank to optimize the risk-return relationship.

Case-by-Case Model: This model is used for customers served by our wholesale banking segment. This model requires an individual assessment, based on the risk, tenor and amount of the transaction, all of which is supplemented by an analysis of the customer’s financial condition, the industry’s complexity and the outlook for the business, among other variables. This process is also supported by a rating model that is based on objective variables and determines the proper credit terms.

In addition, we have devoted efforts to develop and promote world-class procedures while forming a specialized team with considerable experience in loan approval for the diverse segments and industries we serve. The entire loan approval process is jointly carried out by the risk and commercial areas, through different service models, in order to make the process more effective and efficient while improving the quality of evaluation and optimizing response times. Also, we have specialized areas in some segments that require expert knowledge, attention, and particular advice, such as real estate, construction, agriculture, mining and financial services. We have designed specialized tools to serve these diverse industries and assess their risks.

Although the bank has dedicated monitoring teams within the loan approval areas, monitoring efforts are also carried out collectively by the credit risk and commercial areas, which track operations from application to collection, in order to avoid unexpected risks.

Also, we have set approval attributions that are limited by the total customer credit risk. We define total customer credit risk as the sum of the customer’s loans and other financial obligations in which the customer is the indebted party, the loans and other financial obligations from a third party that are guaranteed by the customer, the customer’s contingent loans and any of the customer’s credit facilities. Also, if the customer is part of an economic group, then the total customer credit risk will also include the total amount of the items described above corresponding to all the parties that make up the economic group.

 

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Transactions in which the total customer credit risk is more than Ch$18,470 million require approval from a credit committee, composed of three members of the board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer. Transactions in which the total customer credit risk is equal to or less than Ch$18,470 million may be approved by other risk officers, depending on the amount involved, as follows:

 

Approved by

  

Limit in Ch$

Credit committee, including members of the board of directors

   up to legal limits

Chief executive officer, chairman and senior credit risk officer

   up to Ch$18,470 million

Chief executive officer, chairman or senior credit risk officer (any two of the three)

   up to Ch$12,314 million

Chief executive officer and executive credit risk officers

   up to Ch$9,851 million

Senior credit risk officers and executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to Ch$9,851 million

Executive credit risk officers and Executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to Ch$8,619 million

Other credit risk officers

   up to Ch$2,463 million

Executive vice president of corporate banking

   up to Ch$1,970 million

Other department heads

   up to Ch$1,231 million

Other officers

   up to Ch$493 million

In addition to reviewing the credit limit, the business segment extending the credit must review the terms of the loan, the interest rate and any security to be obtained.

Control and Follow-up

The ongoing control and follow-up of credit risk is the basis for proactive portfolio management and enables risk to be recognized opportunely, thus identifying business opportunities and detecting potential impairment before it occurs.

In the wholesale business segment, control and follow-up are realized through a combination of reviews. The most relevant are the following:

 

 

High-level structured portfolio reviews with respect to the impact of specific macroeconomic fluctuations on relevant sectors of activity, defining case-by-case action plans.

 

 

Constant monitoring system in order to detect early those customers that show potential risks, agreeing on specific action plans for these customers with the corresponding client servicing team.

 

 

Payment arrears management, backed by predictive indicators of risk level, with follow-up and action plans in the case of our most important customers, plus management of differentiated strategies for early recovery.

 

 

Follow-up on the conditions, restrictions and covenants imposed by the credit committee to all operations requiring it due to their importance or complexity.

 

 

Control of the exposure as well as the sufficiency of guarantees granted in the form of shares, monitoring fluctuations and preparing action plans in the event of insufficient coverage.

 

 

Follow-up schemes of credit behavior variables and borrowers’ financial condition.

 

 

Risk segmentation strategies for collection processes and policies to better integrate loan approval and monitoring processes based on a single set of credit fundamentals.

 

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Analysis of Our Loan Classification

The following tables provide statistical data under IFRS regarding the classification of our loans as of the dates indicated. As discussed above, our risk analysis system requires that loans to all customers be classified.

 

IFRS:    As of December 31, 2010(1)  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
    Consumer
Loans
    Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 28,728      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 28,728        0.35

A2

     2,346,028        —          —          2,346,028        28.19   

A3

     2,098,218        —          —          2,098,218        25.21   

B

     3,380,009        —          —          3,380,009        40.61   

Impaired Portfolio

     469,971        —          —          469,971        5.64   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total individual classified loans

   Ch$ 8,322,954      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 8,322,954        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Group non-classified loans

     838,074        2,856,020        2,045,849        5,739,943     

Group impaired portfolio

     129,954        71,758        113,386        315,098     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 9,290,982      Ch$ 2,927,778      Ch$ 2,159,235      Ch$ 14,377,995     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     89.58     —       —       57.89  

 

(1) On January 1, 2010, the criteria for classification of the impaired portfolio was changed, considering 100% of categories C1 and C2 in impairment, unlike in 2009, where customers that were classified in categories C1 and C2 who were not overdue for more than 60 days were not taken into consideration.

 

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Table of Contents
IFRS:    As of December 31, 2011(1)  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
    Consumer
Loans
    Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 50,449      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 50,449        0.52

A2

     2,393,915        —          —          2,393,915        24.85   

A3

     3,173,274        —          —          3,173,274        32.94   

A4

     1,889,504        —          —          1,889,504        19.62   

A5

     1,299,391        —          —          1,299,391        13.49   

A6

     610,606        —          —          610,606        6.34   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     9,417,139        —          —          9,417,139        97.76   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
       —          —         

B1

     37,316        —          —          37,316        0.39   

B2

     8,664        —          —          8,664        0.09   

B3

     6,542        —          —          6,542        0.07   

B4

     1,517        —          —          1,517        0.02   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     54,039        —          —          54,039        0.57   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
       —          —         

C1

     19,083        —          —          19,083        0.20   

C2

     11,405        —          —          11,405        0.12   

C3

     35,413        —          —          35,413        0.37   

C4

     15,886        —          —          15,886        0.16   

C5

     55,893        —          —          55,893        0.58   

C6

     23,565        —          —          23,565        0.24   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     161,245        —          —          161,245        1.67   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual Classified Loans

   Ch$ 9,632,423      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 9,632,423        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     1,443,208        3,543,520        2,439,495        7,426,223     

Non-complying Portfolio

     137,812        63,914        126,125        327,851     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 1,581,020      Ch$ 3,607,434      Ch$ 2,565,620      Ch$ 7,754,074     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 11,213,443      Ch$ 3,607,434      Ch$ 2,565,620      Ch$ 17,386,497     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     85.90     —       —       55.40 %    

 

(1) On January 1, 2011, the credit ratings for debtors with individual assessment changed, separating the portfolio into Normal (categories A1 A6), substandard (B1—B4) and Non complying (C1-C6), as shown in the above table (see note 42.2(f) of Financial Statements)

 

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Table of Contents
IFRS:    As of December 31, 2012  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
    Consumer
Loans
    Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 40      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 40        —  

A2

     2,024,110        —          —          2,024,110        20.90   

A3

     2,642,389        —          —          2,642,389        27.28   

A4

     1,998,263        —          —          1,998,263        20.63   

A5

     1,875,478        —          —          1,875,478        19.37   

A6

     791,133        —          —          791,133        8.15   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     9,331,413        —          —          9,331,413        96.33   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

B1

     134,201        —          —          134,201        1.39   

B2

     21,709        —          —          21,709        0.22   

B3

     41,155        —          —          41,155        0.42   

B4

     7,306        —          —          7,306        0.08   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     204,371        —          —          204,371        2.11   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

C1

     22,521        —          —          22,521        0.23   

C2

     13,753        —          —          13,753        0.14   

C3

     5,636        —          —          5,636        0.06   

C4

     52,562        —          —          52,562        0.54   

C5

     17,895        —          —          17,895        0.18   

C6

     36,431        —          —          36,431        0.41   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     148,798        —          —          148,798        1.56   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual Classified Loans

   Ch$ 9,684,582                          Ch$ 9,684,582        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     1,864,800        4,149,264        2,651,351        8,665,415     

Non-complying Portfolio

     185,988        49,403        186,373        421,764     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 2,050,788      Ch$ 4,198,667      Ch$ 2,837,724      Ch$ 9,087,179     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 11,735,370      Ch$ 4,198,667      Ch$ 2,837,724      Ch$ 18,771,761     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     82.52     —       —       51.59  

 

90


Table of Contents
IFRS:    As of December 31, 2013  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
    Consumer
Loans
    Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 15,640      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 15,640        0.14

A2

     1,926,720        —          —          1,926,720        17.74   

A3

     3,086,438        —          —          3,086,438        28.41   

A4

     2,273,914        —          —          2,273,914        20.93   

A5

     2,347,825        —          —          2,347,825        21.61   

A6

     832,340        —          —          832,340        7.66   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     10,482,877        —          —          10,482,877        96.49   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

B1

     123,803        —          —          123,803        1.14   

B2

     17,687        —          —          17,687        0.16   

B3

     12,979        —          —          12,979        0.12   

B4

     69,978        —          —          69,978        0.64   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     224,447        —          —          224,447        2.06   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

C1

     26,250        —          —          26,250        0.24   

C2

     38,634        —          —          38,634        0.36   

C3

     5,586        —          —          5,586        0.05   

C4

     21,551        —          —          21,551        0.20   

C5

     34,115        —          —          34,115        0.31   

C6

     29,188        —          —          29,188        0.29   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     155,324        —          —          155,324        1.45   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual Classified Loans

   Ch$ 10,862,648        —          —        Ch$ 10,862,648        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     2,011,162        4,662,977        2,856,365        9,530,504     

Non-complying Portfolio

     205,163        69,330        213,125        487,618     

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 2,216,325      Ch$ 4,732,307      Ch$ 3,069,490      Ch$ 10,018,122     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 13,078,973      Ch$ 4,732,307      Ch$ 3,069,490      Ch$ 20,880,770     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     83.05     —       —       52.02  

 

91


Table of Contents
IFRS:    As of December 31, 2014  
     Commercial
Loans
    Residential
Mortgage Loans
    Consumer
Loans
    Total Loans     Percentage
Loans of
Classified
 
Bank’s Credit Rating:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

A1

   Ch$ 20,405      Ch$ —        Ch$ —        Ch$ 20,405        0.19

A2

     2,211,120        —          —          2,211,120        20.19   

A3

     2,389,952        —          —          2,389,952        21.82   

A4

     2,372,714        —          —          2,372,714        21.66   

A5

     2,563,562        —          —          2,563,562        23.40   

A6

     1,018,489        —          —          1,018,489        9.30   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     10,576,242        —          —          10,576,242        96.56   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

B1

     73,569        —          —          73,569        0.67   

B2

     20,126        —          —          20,126        0.18   

B3

     10,372        —          —          10,372        0.09   

B4

     72,815        —          —          72,815        0.66   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Substandard Portfolio

     176,882        —          —          176,882        1.60   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

C1

     40,844        —          —          40,844        0.37   

C2

     36,257        —          —          36,257        0.33   

C3

     9,028        —          —          9,028        0.08   

C4

     21,697        —          —          21,697        0.20   

C5

     71,134        —          —          71,134        0.65   

C6

     21,710        —          —          21,710        0.21   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-complying Portfolio

     200,670        —          —          200,670        1.84   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Individual Classified Loans

   Ch$ 10,953,794        —          —        Ch$ 10,953,794        100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Normal Portfolio

     1,942,685        5,325,029        3,124,586        10,392,300     

Non-complying Portfolio

     214,267        93,594        237,378        545,239     

Total Group Classified Loans

   Ch$ 2,156,952      Ch$ 5,418,623      Ch$ 3,361,964      Ch$ 10,937,539     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total loans

   Ch$ 13,110,746      Ch$ 5,418,623      Ch$ 3,361,964      Ch$ 21,891,333     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

Percentage Classified

     83.55     —       —       50.04  

Classification of Loan Portfolio

Individual Classified Loans

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank, that they must be analyzed in detail. For purposes of establishing the appropriate allowances, the Bank classifies the debtors and their operations related to loans into one of three categories of loans portfolio: Normal, Substandard and Non-Complying Loans.

Normal Loans

Normal loans correspond to borrowers who are up to date on their payment obligations and show no sign of deterioration in their credit quality.

Substandard Loans

Substandard loans include all borrowers with insufficient payment capacity or significant deterioration of payment capacity that may be reasonably expected not to comply with all principal and interest payments obligations set forth in the credit agreement. This category also includes all loans that have been non-performing for more than 30 days.

Non-Complying Loans

The non-complying loans correspond to borrowers whose payment capacity is seriously at risk and who have a high likelihood of filing for bankruptcy or are renegotiating credit terms to avoid bankruptcy. This category comprises all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more.

 

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Table of Contents

Group Classified Loans

The group analysis is used to analyze a large number of loans whose individual amounts are not significant. For this analysis, the Bank uses models based on attributes of the debtors and their loans, and on the behavior of a group of loans.

Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance

The following tables set forth under IFRS as of the dates indicated the amounts that are current as to payments of principal and interest and the amounts that are overdue:

 

     Domestic Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current

   Ch$ 12,680,422       Ch$ 15,574,502       Ch$ 17,538,374       Ch$ 19,717,830       Ch $ 20,510,141   

Past due 1-29 days

     945,689         1,165,108         531,778         591,866         567,986   

Past due 30-89 days

     498,612         298,729         357,259         229,117         347,146   

Past due 90 days or more

     172,075         178,905         181,865         236,730         272,983   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,296,798       Ch$ 17,217,244       Ch$ 18,609,276       Ch$ 20,775,543       Ch$ 21,698,256   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Foreign Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current

   Ch$ 81,197       Ch$ 169,253       Ch$ 162,485       Ch$ 105,227       Ch$ 193,077   

Past due 1-29 days

     —           —           —           —           —     

Past due 30-89 days

     —           —           —           —           —     

Past due 90 days or more

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 81,197       Ch$ 169,253       Ch$ 162,485       Ch$ 105,227       Ch$ 193,077   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Total Loans(1)  
     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current

   Ch$ 12,761,619      Ch$ 15,743,755      Ch$ 17,700,859      Ch$ 19,823,057      Ch$ 20,703,218   

Past due 1-29 days

     945,689        1,165,108        531,778        591,866        567,986   

Past due 30-89 days

     498,612        298,729        357,259        229,117        347,146   

Past due 90 days or more

     172,075        178,905        181,865        236,730        272,983   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995      Ch$ 17,386,497      Ch$ 18,771,761      Ch$ 20,880,770      Ch$ 21,891,333   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Past due loans (1-89 days) as a percentage of total loans

     11.24     9.45     5.70     5.07     5.43

Past due loans (90 days or more) as a percentage of total loans

     1.20     1.03     0.97     1.13     1.25

 

(1) Past due loans refer to installments that are overdue and the remaining outstanding balance of such loans (including principal and interest).

 

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Table of Contents

Loans included in the previous table, which have been restructured and bear no interest, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Ch$

     2,550         2,547         4,605         4,608         4,616   

UF

     128         128         128         128         142   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     2,678         2,765         4,733         4,736         4,758   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The amount of interest we would have recorded on these loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 had these loans been earning a market interest rate was Ch$160 million.

In addition, other loans that were restructured, mainly through the extension of their maturities, and that bear interest, are as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Total other restructured loans

     328,370         338,725         392,906         496,601         534,899   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2014, interest recorded in income on these loans amounted to Ch$65,707 million.

Analysis of Substandard and Past-Due Loans

The following table analyzes our substandard loans, total past-due loans and allowances for loan losses existing at the dates indicated under IFRS.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Total Loans

   Ch$ 14,377,995      Ch$ 17,386,497      Ch$ 18,771,761      Ch$ 20,880,770      Ch$ 21,891,333   

Impaired loans

     785,069        499,768        621,268        725,899        829,096   

Impaired loans as a percentage of total loans

     5.46     2.87     3.31     3.48     3.79

Total past due loans (90 days or more)

          

To the extent secured(1)

     23,781        17,388        19,658        22,804        24,811   

To the extent unsecured

     148,294        161,517        162,207        213,926        248,172   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due loans (90 days or more)

     172,075        178,905        181,865        236,730        272,983   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total past due loans (90 days or more) as a percentage of total loans

     1.20     1.03     0.97     1.13     1.25

To the extent secured

     0.17        0.10        0.10        0.11        0.11   

To the extent unsecured

     1.03        0.93        0.87        1.02        1.14   

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of:

          

Total loans

     2.42        2.09        2.07        2.10        2.24   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Past due loans (90 days or more)

     202.25        202.76        213.24        185.57        179.70   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unsecured past due loans (90 days or more)

     234.69     224.58     239.08     205.35     197.67
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Security generally consists of mortgages on real estate, pledges of marketable securities, letters of credit or cash.

 

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Analysis of Allowances for Loan Losses

The following table analyzes our allowances for loan losses and changes in the allowances attributable to charge-offs, allowances established and allowances released:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Allowances for loan losses at beginning of period

   Ch$ 312,101      Ch$ 348,027      Ch$ 362,741      Ch$ 387,803      Ch$ 439,298   

Charge-offs

     (149,093     (177,960     (182,733     (196,535     (255,342

Debt Exchange

     —          —          —          (12,556     —     

Allowances established

     185,019        207,189        225,678        262,713        306,602   

Allowances released(1)

     —          (14,515     (17,883     (2,127     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances for loan losses at end of period

   Ch$ 348,027      Ch$ 362,741      Ch$ 387,803      Ch$ 439,298      Ch$ 490,558   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowances for loan losses at end of period as a percentage of total loans

     2.42     2.09     2.07     2.10     2.24

Ratio of charge-offs to average loans

     1.10     1.12     1.01     0.99     1.18

Provisions for loan losses as a percentage of average loans

     1.16     0.92     0.92     1.12     1.21

 

(1) Represents the aggregate amount of allowances for loan losses released during the year as a result of charge-offs, recoveries or a determination by management that the level of risk existing in the loan portfolio has been reduced.

During 2010, the Chilean economy continued the upward trend that started at the end of 2009, which positively impacted the risk profiles of individuals and companies in Chile. Additionally, certain corporate customers improved their financial performance as a result of specific plans intended to overcome financial difficulties while private consumption posted a significant rebound. Our allowances for loan losses grew by 11.5% from December 31, 2009 to December 31, 2010, which is in line with the annual growth posted by our total loan portfolio (particularly in the retail banking segment) and our conservative risk approach. In addition, the annual increase in allowances for loan losses is consistent with lower charge-offs in 2010 as compared to 2009 and with provisions for loan losses established during 2010 in order to cover potential risks related to certain corporate customers.

The year ended December 31, 2011 was positive for the local economy. GDP recorded 6.0% annual growth, which resulted in improved economic figures, such as a four-year low unemployment rate (7.1%) and an increase in real salaries. These macroeconomic indicators boosted consumption and the commercial activity of companies, all of which resulted in improved risk profiles of both individuals and companies. However, due to a volume effect associated with the significant 21.2% expansion of our loan book, our allowances for loan losses recorded a 4.2% increase, from Ch$348,027 million in 2010 to Ch$362,741 million in 2011.

In 2012, the industry experienced at least two forces affecting allowances for loans losses. On the one hand, the positive economic cycle resulted in lower unemployment and increasing real salaries, which positively impacted customers’ payment capacity. However, in the first half of the year, social and regulatory issues effectively offset the positive economic drivers and caused a moderate deterioration in credit quality, especially associated with consumer loans, with ratios of past-due loans (90 days or more) peaking in the second quarter of 2012. This phenomenon was observed across the industry and led other banks and us to be more conservative in provisioning loans and focus on collections. Although, credit quality conditions and customers’ payment behavior normalized by the end of the year, the growth in total loans and our higher penetration of the retail banking segment translated into a 6.9% annual increase in allowances for loan losses, from Ch$362,741 million in 2011 to Ch$387,803 million in 2012.

During 2013 the Chilean economy slowed down moderately by recording a 4.1% GDP growth. The lower dynamism in the local economic activity led other banks and us to recognize the risk associated with a potential deterioration in credit quality of both companies and individuals. Also, to a great extent, loan growth contributed to higher provisions for loan losses. Similar to our entire industry, we also increased our allowances for loan losses, from Ch$387,803 million in 2012 to Ch$439,298 million in 2013, which represents a 13.3% increase. As mentioned, this is in line with the annual growth posted by our loan book, as well as other additional topics that translated into higher provisions for loan losses, such as: (i) the effect of a sharp increase in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate on provisions for loan losses indexed to U.S.$, and (ii) specific credit quality deteriorations in the wholesale segment.

 

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For the year ended December 31, 2014 the local economic slowdown deepened, as reflected by GDP growth of only 1.9% for the year. This slower pace was attributable to both a sharp year-over-year reduction of 6.1% in investment and a slowdown in private consumption (reflected by a slight 2.2% annual increase), according to information released by the Chilean Central Bank. These trends directly impacted banking activity. In fact, the first half of 2014 was characterized by slow growth in commercial loans as a result of a delay in diverse investment projects due to both the uncertainty regarding political and economic reforms and volatility in foreign markets. On the other hand, consumption started to decelerate during the second half of the year because downward economic expectations translated into deteriorated consumer confidence. As a result of this scenario, during 2014 we recorded an increase of 11.7% in allowances for loan losses, from Ch$439,298 million in 2013 to Ch$490,558 million in 2014. This increase was primarily based on: (i) loan growth that was focused on retail banking, whose average loan balances increased by 11.3% during the year, and (ii) a negative exchange rate effect on allowances for loan losses denominated in U.S.$, due to a higher Ch$-devaluation in 2014 (15.3%) as compared to 2013 (9.6%).

For allowances for loan losses associated with impaired loans and with non-impaired loans, see Note 11(c) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Loans are written-off when the collection efforts have been exhausted but not later than the maximum periods as follows:

 

Type of Loan

  

Term

Consumer loans with or without collateral    6 months
Other transactions without collateral    24 months
Commercial loans with collateral    36 months
Residential mortgage loans    48 months
Consumer leases    6 months
Other non-real estate lease transactions    12 months
Real estate leases (commercial or residential)    36 months

The following table presents detailed information on write-offs and shows the charge-offs breakdown by loan category:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 46,419       Ch$ 82,086       Ch$ 43,164       Ch$ 36,029       Ch$ 67,717   

Mortgage loans

     2,376         2,923         4,253         3,242         2,978   

Consumer loans

     100,298         92,951         135,316         157,264         184,647   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 149,093       Ch$ 177,960       Ch$ 182,733       Ch$ 196,535       Ch$ 255,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loan recoveries by type of loan are shown in the table below:

 

    Year ended December 31,  
    2010     2011     2012     2013     2014  
IFRS:   (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial loans

  Ch$ 11,127      Ch$ 16,014      Ch$ 14,892      Ch$ 13,330      Ch$ 14,272   

Mortgage loans

    1,387        1,106        1,971        1,927        2,152   

Consumer loans

    19,609        28,445        24,099        27,698        29,885   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    32,123        45,565        40,962        42,955        46,309   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recoveries and sales of loans reacquired from the Central Bank

    46        90        —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  Ch$ 32,169      Ch$ 45,655      Ch$ 40,962      Ch$ 42,955      Ch$ 46,309   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Recoveries as a percentage of average loans

    0.24     0.29     0.23     0.22     0.21

 

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The following tables classify our loan portfolio based on the borrower’s payment performance for each of the last five years:

 

     Year ended December 31, 2010  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Past due loans—90 days to 6 months

   Ch$ 33,889       Ch$ 29,257       Ch$ 16,671       Ch$ 79,817   

Past due loans—6 months to 12 months

     28,503         —           9,754         38,257   

Past due loans—12 months to 24 months

     33,073         —           8,689         41,762   

Past due loans—24 months to 36 months

     5,920         —           4,335         10,255   

Past due loans—36 months to 48 months

     —           —           1,984         1,984   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Past due Loans

   Ch$ 101,385       Ch$ 29,257       Ch$ 41,433       Ch$ 172,075   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2011  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Past due loans—90 days to 6 months

   Ch$ 41,729       Ch$ 38,825       Ch$ 15,367       Ch$ 95,921   

Past due loans—6 months to 12 months

     22,837         —           8,588         31,425   

Past due loans—12 months to 24 months

     30,982         —           6,487         37,469   

Past due loans—24 months to 36 months

     6,847         —           4,079         10,926   

Past due loans—36 months to 48 months

     —           —           3,164         3,164   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Past due Loans

   Ch$ 102,395       Ch$ 38,825       Ch$ 37,685       Ch$ 178,905   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2012  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Past due loans—90 days to 6 months

   Ch$ 34,412       Ch$ 44,093       Ch$ 11,934       Ch$ 90,439   

Past due loans—6 months to 12 months

     31,497         14         6,017         37,528   

Past due loans—12 months to 24 months

     35,547         2         6,729         42,278   

Past due loans—24 months to 36 months

     5,936         —           3,783         9,719   

Past due loans—36 months to 48 months

     —           —           1,901         1,901   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Past due Loans

   Ch$ 107,392       Ch$ 44,109       Ch$ 30,364       Ch$ 181,865   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2013  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Past due loans—90 days to 6 months

   Ch$ 54,232       Ch$ 51,510       Ch$ 18,352       Ch$ 124,094   

Past due loans—6 months to 12 months

     36,520         2         6,786         43,308   

Past due loans—12 months to 24 months

     47,790         2         6,730         54,522   

Past due loans—24 months to 36 months

     9,755         —           2,751         12,506   

Past due loans—36 months to 48 months

     16         —           2,284         2,300   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Past due Loans

   Ch$ 148,313       Ch$ 51,514       Ch$ 36,903       Ch$ 236,730   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31, 2014  
     Commercial
Loans
     Consumer
Loans
     Mortgage
Loans
     Total  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Past due loans—90 days to 6 months

   Ch$ 42,558       Ch$ 61,232       Ch$ 16,641       Ch$ 120,431   

Past due loans—6 months to 12 months

     52,158         1,704         15,329         69,191   

Past due loans—12 months to 24 months

     57,075         9         11,320         68,404   

Past due loans—24 months to 36 months

     8,031         2         4,822         12,855   

Past due loans—36 months to 48 months

     50         —           2,052         2,102   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Past due Loans

   Ch$ 159,872       Ch$ 62,947       Ch$ 50,164       Ch$ 272,983   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Allocation of Allowances for Loan Losses

The following tables set forth the proportions of our required allowances for loan losses attributable to our commercial, consumer and residential mortgage loans under IFRS as of the dates indicated.

 

     As of December 31, 2010  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 211,558         2.28     1.47     64.66

Consumer loans

     121,195         5.63        0.84        14.98   

Residential mortgage loans

     15,274         0.52        0.11        20.36   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 348,027         2.42     2.42     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2011  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 208,249         1.86     1.20     64.50

Consumer loans

     138,588         5.40        0.80        14.76   

Residential mortgage loans

     15,904         0.44        0.09        20.74   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 362,741         2.09     2.09     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as

a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 207,676         1.77     1.11     62.52

Consumer loans

     164,047         5.78        0.87        15.12   

Residential mortgage loans

     16,080         0.38        0.09        22.36   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 387,803         2.07     2.07     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2013  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 241,442         1.85     1.16     62.64

Consumer loans

     179,354         5.84        0.86        14.70   

Residential mortgage loans

     18,502         0.39        0.09        22.66   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 439,298         2.10     2.10     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Allowance
amount
     Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of loans in
category
    Allowance
amount as
a
percentage
of total
loans
    Loans in
category
as
percentage
of total
loans(1)
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Commercial loans

   Ch$ 273,813         2.09     1.25     59.89

Consumer loans

     192,724         5.73        0.88        15.36   

Residential mortgage loans

     24,021         0.44        0.11        24.75   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocated allowances

   Ch$ 490,558         2.24     2.24     100.00
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Based on our loan classification.

 

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The following table sets forth our charge-offs for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 by major economic sector and provides further detail of charge-offs that have already been described in the previous discussion of allowances for loan losses:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2010      2011      2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Commercial:

              

Agriculture

   Ch$ 3,177       Ch$ 5,208       Ch$ 2,986       Ch$ 5,615       Ch$ 7,007   

Mining

     461         606         812         1,605         3,193   

Manufacturing

     7,956         3,807         5,143         2,430         5,389   

Construction

     6,159         3,330         3,161         4,516         10,335   

Commerce

     12,960         52,057         9,228         8,825         14,536   

Transport

     3,786         2,132         2,287         3,309         5,545   

Financial services

     6,140         9,799         5,637         4,774         16,328   

Community

     5,780         5,147         13,910         4,955         5,384   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal:

   Ch$ 46,419       Ch$ 82,086       Ch$ 43,164       Ch$ 36,029       Ch$ 67,717   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Consumer loans

     100,298         92,951         135,316         157,264         184,647   

Mortgage loans

     2,376         2,923         4,253         3,242         2,978   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 149,093       Ch$ 177,960       Ch$ 182,733       Ch$ 196,535       Ch$ 255,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Composition of Deposits and Other Commitments

The following table sets forth under IFRS the composition of our deposits and similar commitments as of the dates indicated. See “—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities” for the average rate paid on each of the following deposit categories.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Current accounts

   Ch$ 4,495,135       Ch$ 5,018,155       Ch$ 5,786,805   

Other demand deposits

     975,836         966,177         1,147,568   

Savings accounts

     179,464         178,012         188,311   

Time deposits

     9,370,063         10,151,612         9,450,224   

Other term balance payables

     63,423         73,101         82,711   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 15,083,921       Ch$ 16,387,057       Ch$ 16,655,619   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Maturity of Deposits

The following table sets forth under IFRS information regarding the currency and maturity of our deposits at December 31, 2014, expressed in percentages. UF-denominated deposits are similar to Chilean peso-denominated deposits in all aspects, except that the principal is readjusted periodically based on the value of the UF.

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Ch$      UF      Foreign
Currency
     Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

           

Demand deposits

   Ch$ 5,929,629       Ch$ 28,083       Ch$ 976,661       Ch$ 6,934,373   

Savings accounts

     —           188,311         —           188,311   

Time deposits:

           

Maturing within three months

     5,164,496         908,486         751,279         6,824,261   

Maturing after three but within six months

     808,135         347,398         85,646         1,241,179   

Maturing after six but within 12 months

     857,373         432,970         28,271         1,318,614   

Maturing after 12 months

     123,304         23,639         1,938         148,881   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total time deposits

   Ch$ 6,953,308       Ch$ 1,712,493       Ch$ 867,134       Ch$ 9,532,935   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deposits

   Ch$ 12,882,937       Ch$ 1,928,887       Ch$ 1,843,795       Ch$ 16,655,619   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents
     As of December 31, 2014  
     Ch$     UF     Foreign
Currency
    Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

        

Demand deposits

     46.02     1.45     52.96     41.64

Savings accounts

     —          9.76        —          1.13   

Time deposits:

        

Maturing within three months

     40.09        47.10        40.75        40.97   

Maturing after three but within six months

     6.27        18.01        4.65        7.45   

Maturing after six but within 12 months

     6.66        22.45        1.53        7.92   

Maturing after 12 months

     0.96        1.23        0.11        0.89   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total time deposits

     53.98        88.79        47.04        57.23   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deposits

     100.00     100.00     100.00     100.00
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table sets forth information under IFRS regarding the currency and maturity of deposits in excess of U.S.$100,000 as of December 31, 2014.

Deposits in Foreign Countries

We also maintain deposits abroad, as needed to conduct our foreign trade transactions and manage liquidity. The table below lists the largest amounts of foreign deposits by country under IFRS as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
IFRS:    2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Australia

   Ch$ 502       Ch$ 453       Ch$ 438   

Brazil

     9         —           —     

Canada

     743         1,464         1,058   

China

     766         20         88   

Denmark

     99         173         249   

Finland

     74         81         10   

France

     339         102         54   

Germany

     9,199         12,565         7,309   

Italy

     —           22         29   

Japan

     4,325         1,614         1,764   

Mexico

     484         1,111         297   

Netherlands

     1,018         1,200         840   

Norway

     114         81         139   

Peru

     29         358         805   

Singapore

     —           13,270         15   

Sweden

     —           354         351   

Switzerland

     343         —           649   

United Kingdom

     13,229         2,802         6,418   

United States

     170,275         264,726         258,198   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 201,548       Ch$ 300,396       Ch$ 278,711   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Short-Term Borrowings

The principal categories of our short-term borrowings are amounts borrowed under foreign trade lines of credit, domestic inter-bank loans and repurchase agreements. The table below presents under IFRS the amounts outstanding and the weighted average nominal interest rate for each period indicated by type of short-term borrowing.

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2012     2013     2014  
     Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Year-End
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except interest rate data)  

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     226,396         6.62     256,766         5.12     249,482         3.84

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     —           —          —           —          —           —     

Foreign borrowings

     1,108,662         1.90        989,455         1.25        1,098,707         0.60   

Other obligations

     106,538         —          160,612         —          141,729         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term borrowings

     1,441,596         2.50     1,406,833         1.81     1,489,918         1.09
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table shows the average balance and the weighted average nominal rate for each short-term borrowing category during the periods indicated:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
     2012     2013     2014  
     Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
    Average
Balance
     Weighted
Average
Nominal
Interest Rate
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except interest rate data)  

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     286,944         5.22     289,107         4.55     262,301         .365

Central Bank borrowings

     36         —          13         —          9         —     

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     34,702         3.52        35,928         3.94        13,059         4.01   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Sub-total

     321,682         5.04        325,048         4.48        275,369         3.67   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign borrowings

     1,388,253         1.52        925,685         1.34        735,017         0.90   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term borrowings

     1,709,935         2.18     1,250,733         2.15     1,010,386         1.66
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the maximum month-end balances of our principal sources of short-term borrowings during the periods indicated:

 

     Maximum 2012
month-end
balance
     Maximum 2013
month-end
balance
     Maximum 2014
month-end
balance
 
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Investments sold under agreements to repurchase

     310,616         330,407         372,333   

Central Bank borrowings

     60         17         10   

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

     5,000         210,058         59,507   

Foreign borrowings

     1,735,573         1,180,252         1,283,611   

 

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Minimum Capital Requirements

Pursuant to the general Banking Law, local banks must comply with minimum capital requirements in relation to both total assets and risk-weighted assets. Basic Capital should be at least equal to 3.0% of their total assets, while banks’ Total Regulatory Capital, should be at least 8.0% of their risk weighted assets. Nevertheless, based on Banco de Chile’s systemic relevance the SBIF requires us to maintain a ratio of Regulatory Capital to Credit Risk-Weighted Assets above 10.0%. For more information see “Item 3. Key Information—Presentation of Financial Information” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision—Capital Adequacy Requirements”.

The following table sets forth our minimum capital requirements (and availability) with respect to total assets as set by the SBIF:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
CHILEAN GAAP:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Banco de Chile’s basic capital

     2,007,057         2,284,314         2,535,153   

Basic capital required (with respect to total assets)

     (821,418      (905,644      (963,418
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess over minimum basic capital required

     1,185,639         1,378,670         1,571,735   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Similarly, the following table sets forth our minimum capital requirements (and availability) with respect to risk-weighted assets, as set by the SBIF:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
CHILEAN GAAP:    (in millions of Ch$)  

Banco de Chile’s Total Regulatory Capital

     2,738,829        2,999,061        3,249,903   

Total Regulatory Capital required (with respect to risk-weighted assets)

     (2,070,952      (2,298,110      (2,439,925
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess over minimum Total Regulatory Capital required

     667,877        700,951        809,978   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

Item 4B Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

 

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Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

OPERATING RESULTS

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is entirely qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.” Certain amounts (including percentage amounts) that appear in this annual report may not total due to rounding.

Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included in this annual report with respect to 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 has been derived from financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. See Note 2(a) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Chilean GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to any of our financial information presented under Chilean GAAP. Accordingly, readers should avoid such comparison.

Overview

We are a leading bank within the Chilean financial system, providing a broad range of financial products and services to individual and corporate customers who are primarily located in Chile. Accordingly, our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to achieve our strategic business goals could be adversely affected by changes in Chile’s economic conditions and the resulting effects on macroeconomic indicators (such as interest rates, inflation and GDP growth, among others), modifications of non-economic policies implemented by the Chilean government that can affect private sector activities, or other political and economic developments in Chile, as well as regulatory changes or administrative practices of Chilean authorities over which we have no control. See “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—Inflation could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and financial condition and results of operations” and “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Chile—Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile.”

According to information published by the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, excluding operations of subsidiaries abroad, we were the second largest bank in Chile in terms of total loans with a market share of 18.1%, the largest provider of commercial loans with a market share of 18.0%, the largest bank in Chile in terms of average balances of current accounts and demand deposits with a 22.5% market share, the second largest provider of consumer loans in Chile with a market share of 20.9% and the second largest privately owned bank in Chile in terms of residential mortgage loans with a market share of 17.1%. Also according to the SBIF, as of December 31, 2014, we were the largest bank in Chile in terms of net income with a market share of 23.8% and the largest bank in Chile in terms of current account balances held by individuals with a market share of 28.9%. According to the Chilean Association of Mutual Funds, as of December 31, 2014, we were the largest provider of mutual funds management services in Chile with a market share of 22.5%.

As for the economy, after a period of accelerated growth between 1985 and 1997, when Chile’s gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of 7.0%, Chile’s economic growth slowed to an average rate of 4.7% between 2000 and 2008. Since 2008 the Chilean economy has faced difficult and volatile circumstances, ranging from a global economic slowdown caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in United States to the worst earthquake reported in over 50 years in Chile. However, the country was able to successfully cope with this challenging environment and maintained sustained growth by achieving an average GDP expansion rate of 5.7% between 2010 and 2012. The GDP growth was supported by Chile’s stable financial condition that, in turn, relied on an independently managed Central Bank, a floating exchange rate regime, a state’s policy intended to accumulate international reserves and maintain low external debt levels, a well-diversified international trade and a fiscal policy internationally recognized for its responsibility and long term vision.

During 2013, the Chilean economy followed the trend observed among most emerging market countries. Local economic activity displayed some signs of slowdown by recording a 4.1% GDP expansion. This trend continued in 2014, resulting in a GDP growth rate of only 1.9% as of December 31, 2014. As a consequence, the Chilean economy underperformed the average GDP growth recorded by Latin American countries in 2014.

 

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The economic slowdown that Chile experienced in 2014 was largely explained by a large reduction of investment activity across the market caused by both structural and temporary factors. On the one hand, the Chilean economy is facing the end of a profitable mining cycle, the last stages of a reconstruction process from the earthquake that occurred in 2010 and a sharp increase in energy prices caused by an expansive drought and delayed projects across the energy sector. On the other hand, in 2014 temporary factors affected the overall state of the economy, such as the decline in copper prices (Chile’s main export product). These temporary factors were accompanied by a weak business environment that resulted from the uncertainty produced by the diverse social and economic reforms pledged by the government. These reforms have included overhauls to the tax and educational systems in Chile. Similarly, by the end of the year the government sent to the congress a labor reform bill for discussion. All of these reforms, along with the announcement of a constitutional reform, affected business sentiment and, accordingly, investments. On the whole, investment activity showed a significant reduction in 2014 by posting a 6.1% contraction, which negatively compared to the increases of 2.1% and 11.6% posted in 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Conversely, private consumption continued to be the main driver of economic growth despite signs of a slowdown by the end of 2013. This slowdown persisted throughout 2014. On average, consumption represents more than 60% of Chilean GDP and, therefore, it has become the main engine for GDP expansion over the last several years. In this regard, positive figures in the labor market have been an important factor for sustaining private consumption. In fact, the unemployment rate has remained at historically low levels, recording averages of 5.9% in 2013 and 6.4% in 2014. Additionally, real wages have continued to steadily grow by expanding 2.4% in 2014, the same increase seen in 2013. On the other hand, credit conditions have gradually tightened for individuals and companies, reflecting the banking industry’s sentiment about the potential risks associated with the impact of a slowdown on delinquency. Similarly, demand for credits has decreased, especially from individuals, which denotes a gradual decline in consumer expectations regarding the economic outlook. Altogether, private consumption posted real growth of 2.2% in 2014, which was below the increases of 5.9% and 6.1% posted in 2013 and 2012, respectively.

In regards to inflation, local prices failed to link up with trends in aggregate demand. Hence, in spite of the slowdown in private consumption and economic activity as a whole, the local CPI index recorded a 4.6% annual increase in 2014, which is above the 3.0% annual rise observed last year. This level of inflation was caused mainly by a sharp Chilean peso depreciation of 15.2% against the U.S. dollar in 2014, which is aligned with a global trend followed by diverse currencies and the easing monetary policy conducted by the Chilean Central Bank. This resulted in higher prices of tradable goods for which Chile is a net importer. Also, the recently passed tax reform affected the price of diverse products, such as sugared and alcoholic beverages. In light of the trends followed by the economy, the annual change in inflation was above market expectations and the Central Bank’s estimates. Nevertheless, in the view of the Chilean Central Bank, prices should converge in the long run to meet the targets set for the Chilean economy in 2015 and in the upcoming years.

As mentioned above, given controlled mid-term expectations on inflation and the slowdown evidenced in the local economy during 2014, the Central Bank maintained an easing monetary policy by successively cutting the marginal standing facility rate, totaling a 150 basis point reduction within the year. As a result of this, the monetary policy rate declined from 4.5% in December 2013 to 3.0% in December 2014. These actions were undertaken in order to promote higher consumption and investment, as GDP growth expectations were subsequently revised downward by the Central Bank and market analysts throughout the year. As of April 17, 2015 the marginal standing facility rate remained at 3.0%.

Regarding the stock market, during 2014 the Santiago Stock Exchange IPSA Index (IPSA index), composed of the 40 most traded Chilean stocks, recovered slightly from the poor performance observed in 2013. As a result, the IPSA index was at 3,850.96 points as of December 31, 2014, which represented a tempered 4.1% advance as compared to the 3,699.19 points recorded as of December 31, 2013. This moderate rebound had to do with both the easing policy undertaken by the Central Bank during 2014 and signs of recovery seen among developed economies, particularly the United States. By early 2015, the IPSA index reflected better expectations in terms of outlook for the local economy. As a result, during February 2015 the IPSA index surpassed the barrier of 4,000 points. According to data published by the Santiago Stock Exchange, as of April 17, 2015 the IPSA index was at 4,018.06 points, which represented a 4.3% year to date increase.

 

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Inflation

In the past, Chile experienced high levels of inflation that affected the financial condition and results of operations of most industries. Nevertheless, since the 1990s, inflation has been maintained under control through responsible monetary policy carried out by an independent Central Bank. Over the last five years, inflation has been conditioned on local economic dynamics, as well as external factors. In fact, due to the slowdown in the global and local economy, during 2009 inflation turned negative and closed the year with a deflation of 1.4%. Conversely, throughout 2010, inflation returned to more normal levels and was within the long term range of 2.0% to 4.0% per year targeted by the Central Bank, ending the year at 3.0%. After that, stimulative economic activity and high international prices for oil and food caused a CPI annual increase of 4.4% in 2011. During 2012, inflation was 1.5%, which was mainly explained by a decrease in international oil prices that translated into lower local prices for transportation and utilities, partly offset by higher food prices. In 2013, inflation was once again within the long-run range targeted by the Central Bank by posting an annual increase of 3.0%. This figure was influenced by higher food, transportation and energy prices prompted by a sharp increase in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate. Unlike in 2013, inflation showed a sharp increase in 2014, as reflected by a CPI annual variation of 4.6%. This figure was the caused by a sharp Chilean peso devaluation (against U.S.$) that translated into a higher cost of imported tradable goods, affecting most economic sectors. Also, the government’s tax reform prompted a cost increase in specific products such as beverages and cigarettes.

An increase in inflation rates could adversely affect the Chilean economy and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations reflect the effect of inflation in the following ways:

 

 

a substantial portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in UFs, a unit that is indexed daily to reflect inflation recorded in the previous month, with the net gain or loss resulting from such indexation reflected in income; and

 

 

the interest rates earned and paid on peso-denominated assets and liabilities to some degree reflect inflation and expectations regarding inflation.

UF Denominated Assets and Liabilities. The UF is revalued in monthly cycles. On each day in the period beginning the tenth day of the current month through the ninth day of the next month, the nominal peso value of the UF is indexed up (or down in the event of deflation) in order to reflect each day a pro rata amount of the prior calendar month’s change in the CPI as published by the Chilean National Statistics Institute. One UF was equal to Ch$23,309.56 as of December 31, 2013 and Ch$24,627.10 as of December 31, 2014. The effect of any changes in the nominal peso value of our UF denominated assets and liabilities is reflected in our results of operations as an increase (or decrease, in the event of deflation) in interest revenue and expense. Our net interest income will be positively affected by inflation (and negatively affected by deflation) to the extent that our average UF denominated assets exceed our average UF denominated liabilities, while our net interest income will be negatively affected by inflation (and positively affected by deflation) when average UF denominated liabilities exceed our average UF denominated assets. Our average UF denominated assets exceeded our average UF denominated liabilities by Ch$4,625,444 million (U.S.$8,798.30 million) as of December 31, 2013 and Ch$5,317,339 million (U.S.$8,773.18 million) as of December 31, 2014. These figures exclude derivatives. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information.”

Peso-Denominated Assets and Liabilities. Interest rates in Chile tend to reflect the rate of inflation during the relevant period and expectations regarding future inflation. The sensitivity of our peso denominated interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to the inflation rate varies. See “—Interest Rates.” We maintain a substantial amount of non-interest bearing, peso denominated current accounts and other demand deposits. The ratio of such deposits to average interest bearing peso denominated liabilities was 62% during the year ended December 31, 2013 and 67% during the year ended December 31, 2014. Since a large part of such deposits are not indexed to inflation, even a slight decline in the rate of inflation may adversely affect our net interest margin on assets funded with such deposits and even a slight increase in the rate of inflation may increase the net interest margin on such assets. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Interest Earning Assets and Net Interest Margin.”

 

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Interest Rates

Interest rates earned and paid on our assets and liabilities reflect in part, inflation and expectations regarding future inflation, shifts in short-term interest rates related to the Central Bank’s monetary policies and movements in long-term real rates. The Central Bank manages short-term interest rates in order to achieve its long-term inflation target and provide the economy with financial stability. As a consequence of strong recovery signs for economic activity and the more normalized inflationary environment observed after the financial turmoil of 2008, the Central Bank began to withdraw the monetary stimulus in June 2010 by increasing the monetary policy interest rate to 1.00% from the 0.5% maintained during the first half of that year. Since June 2010, the Central Bank repeatedly raised the marginal standing facility rate, ending 2011 at 5.25%, above the level of 3.25% recorded in December 2010. Nevertheless, as a consequence of the tempered global slowdown during the last quarter of 2011 and the uncertainty regarding the fiscal condition of some developed countries, particularly in the Euro Zone, the Central Bank decided to lower the reference interest rate by 0.25% on January 12, 2012.

After that, the Central Bank maintained the marginal standing facility rate at 5.0% during 22 months, until October 2013. This neutral bias was supported by local economic growth that resulted in a GDP increase over 5.0% per year, which prompted a virtuous cycle including increasing real wages, low unemployment and growing private consumption. These trends were also accompanied by low inflation. Nevertheless, in light of the signs of slowdown evidenced by the Chilean economy, the Central Bank commenced an easing monetary policy by the end of 2013, which involved successive cuts to the marginal standing facility rate. For this reason, the monetary policy interest rate at the end of 2013 was 4.5% and at the end of 2014 was 3.0%. As of April 17, 2015 the monetary policy interest rate remained at 3.0%.

Since our liabilities generally re-price faster than our assets, changes in the rate of inflation or short-term interest rates are reflected in the nominal interest rates we pay on our liabilities before they are reflected in the nominal interest rates we earn on our assets. Accordingly, our net interest margin on assets and liabilities is usually adversely affected in the short-term by increases in short-term nominal interest rates and benefits in the short-term from decreases in short-term nominal interest rates, although the existence of non-interest bearing peso-denominated demand deposits tends to mitigate both effects. See “—Inflation—Peso-Denominated Assets and Liabilities.” In addition, because our peso-denominated liabilities have relatively short re-pricing periods, those liabilities generally are more sensitive to changes in inflation or short-term interest rates than our UF-denominated liabilities. As a result, during periods when current inflation exceeds the previous month’s inflation, customers often switch funds from peso-denominated deposits to more expensive UF-denominated deposits, thereby adversely affecting our net interest margin.

According to information published by the Central Bank, the average annual short term nominal interest rate, based on the rate paid by Chilean financial institutions for 90 to 360 day Chilean peso denominated deposits, was 5.90% in 2012, 5.20% in 2013 and 3.91% in 2014. The average annual long term nominal interest rate, based on the interest rate of the Central Bank’s five year Chilean peso denominated bonds in the secondary market, was 5.34% in 2012, 5.20% in 2013 and 4.43% in 2014.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

A portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars. In the past, we have maintained and may continue to maintain gaps between the balances of such assets and liabilities. This gap includes assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and assets and liabilities denominated in Chilean pesos that contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. However, we generally offset this gap by taking hedging derivative positions. Because foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, as well as interest earned or paid on such assets and liabilities and gains (losses) realized upon the sale of such assets, are translated into pesos in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements, our reported income is affected by changes in the value of the peso with respect to foreign currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar. Adjustments to U.S. dollar-indexed assets are reflected as adjustments in net interest earnings and offset results in our foreign exchange position. See “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange Rates and Item 3. Key Information Risk Factors—Currency fluctuations could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and any distributions on the ADSs.”

 

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Critical Accounting Policies

We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The notes to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, which are included in this annual report, contain a summary of our significant accounting policies.

The preparation of financial statements under IFRS requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions, as some of the amounts reported in the financial statements are related to matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates could change from period to period, which may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Actual results may differ if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change.

The following discussion describes those areas that require considerable management judgment or involve a higher degree of complexity in the application of the accounting policies that currently affect our financial situation and results of operations.

Allowances for Loan Losses

Determining accounting estimates and judgments related to the impairment of loans and provision for off balance sheet positions is a critical process for us because the underlying assumptions used for both the individually and collectively assessed impairment can change from period to period and may significantly affect our results of operations.

As part of this process, we first assess whether objective evidence of impairment exists for loans that are individually significant. The decision as to whether loans are individually significant or not is based on fixed criteria specified by management. The determination of these criteria involves management’s judgment and is regularly reviewed for adequacy. After this assessment, we assess collectively for loans that are not individually significant and loans which are significant but for which there is no objective evidence of impairment under the individual assessment.

The determination of the impairment allowance required for loans that are deemed to be individually significant often requires the use of considerable judgment by management on economic conditions, the financial performance of the customer and the value of collateral, for which there may not be a readily accessible market. To allow management to determine if a loss event has occurred on an individual basis, all significant counterparty relationships are reviewed periodically. This evaluation considers current information and events related to the counterparty, such as if the counterparty is experiencing significant financial difficulty or a breach of contract, for example, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments.

From the information gathered in the process described above, we estimate the future cash flows expected to flow to the entity considering the losses already incurred. The actual amount and timing of future cash flows may differ from the estimates used by management and consequently may cause actual losses to differ from the reported allowances. We utilize back testing techniques in order to optimize our models and minimize such adjustments.

The collective impairment allowance is calculated on a portfolio basis using statistical models which incorporate various estimates and judgments. In order to constantly monitor and increase the quality of such estimations of future cash flows, we regularly review our statistical models and the underlying data and assumptions. Among other factors, the probability of defaults and loss recovery rates are taken into account during this review.

The collective impairment allowance has two components.

The first component is an allowance amount representing the incurred losses on the portfolio of smaller balance homogeneous loans, which are loans to individuals and small business customers of the retail business segment. The loans are grouped according to similar credit risk characteristics and the allowance for each group is determined using statistical models based on historical experience.

 

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The second component represents an estimate of incurred losses inherent in the group of loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired or measured as part of the smaller-balance homogeneous loans. We use historical loss experience for these estimates. This historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of actual observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the period on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not exist currently. Estimates of changes in future cash flows reflect, and are directionally consistent with, changes in related observable data from period to period (e.g., changes in unemployment rates, property prices, payment status or other factors that are indicative of incurred losses in the group and their magnitude).

For a further description of our policy regarding allowances for loan losses, see note 2(h) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Impairment of Other Financial Instruments

Equity method investments and financial assets classified as available for sale are evaluated for impairment throughout the year and at each reporting date in order to assess whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets are impaired. If there is objective evidence of an impairment of an asset, an impairment test is performed by comparing the investments’ recoverable amount, which is the higher of its value in use and fair value less costs to sell, with its carrying amount.

In the case of equity investments classified as available for sale, objective evidence of impairment would include a significant or prolonged decline in fair value of the investment below cost. It could also include specific conditions in an industry or geographical area or specific information regarding the financial condition of the company, such as a credit rating downgrade. In the case of debt securities classified as available for sale, impairment is assessed based on the same criteria as for loans.

If information becomes available after we make our evaluation, we may be required to recognize impairment in the future. Because the estimate for impairment could change from period to period based upon future events that may or may not occur, we consider this to be a critical accounting estimate.

Fair Value Estimates for Financial Assets and Liabilities

International Financial Reporting Standard (“IFRS”) 13 defines “fair value” as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. IFRS 13 seeks to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures through a ‘fair value hierarchy’. The hierarchy categorizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to (unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.

The Bank uses valuation techniques appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

The objective of using a valuation technique is to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market participants and the measurement date under current market conditions. Three widely used valuation techniques are:

 

 

Market approach—uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable (similar) assets, liabilities, or a group of assets and liabilities (e.g. a business).

 

 

Cost approach—reflects the amount that would be required currently to replace the service capacity of an asset (current replacement cost).

 

 

Income approach—converts future amounts (cash flows or income and expenses) to a single current (discounted) amount, reflecting current market expectations about those future amounts.

 

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In some cases, a single valuation technique will be appropriate, whereas in others multiple valuation techniques will be appropriate. The objective of a fair value measurement is to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value measurement requires an entity to determine all of the following:

 

 

the particular asset or liability that is the subject of the measurement (consistently with its unit of account).

 

 

the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability.

 

 

the valuation technique(s) appropriate for the measurement, considering the availability of data with which to develop inputs that represent the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the inputs are categorized. For a further description of our internal fair value classification, see note 40 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Revenue Recognition

Interest revenue and expenses are recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate method set forth in IAS 39. To calculate the effective interest rate, we estimate future cash flows by taking into account all contractual conditions of the financial instrument, excluding future credit losses. The estimation of such future cash flows requires management judgment to some degree. In addition, the analysis of contractual conditions and other components (such as transaction costs) for purposes of determining the effective interest rate involves making estimates of possibly incurred but not recognized credit losses. See “—Allowances for loan losses.”

Income and expenses from fees and commissions are recognized in consolidated income using different criteria based on the nature of the income or expense in accordance with IAS 18 and IAS 39. Fees earned from transactions or services provided over a longer period of time are recognized over the life of the transactions or services. The revenue recognition of fees from such transactions requires management judgment to some degree. Due to the nature of business from which we derive fees and commissions (e.g., asset management, custody of assets), the required degree of estimation is small.

Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in the financial statements. Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be recognized. This assessment requires significant management judgments and assumptions. In order to estimate the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider historical tax capacity and profitability information, as well as forecasted operating results and other relevant considerations.

Legal and Regulatory Contingencies and Tax Risks

Legal claims, regulatory proceedings and income tax provisions for uncertain tax positions may occur. The use of estimates is important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from such events. We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings and uncertain income tax positions to the extent that such losses are possible and can be estimated, in accordance with IAS 37 (“Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”) and IAS 12 (“Income Taxes”). Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our actual liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Contingencies in respect of legal matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance.

Our total liability with respect to litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, our experience and the experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. Predicting the outcome of our litigation matters is inherently difficult, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages.

 

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Amendments to Financial Reporting Standards in 2014

IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—This amendment clarifies the meaning of ‘currently has a legally enforceable right to set-off’ and the criteria for non-simultaneous settlement mechanisms of clearing houses to qualify for offsetting and is applied retrospectively. The Bank has disclosed the impact of master netting agreements. None of these netting arrangements qualify for netting under the requirements of IAS 32; therefore, financial instruments subject to netting arrangements are presented on a gross basis in the balance sheet.

IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27—Investment Entities—These amendments provide an exception to the consolidation requirement for entities that meet the definition of an investment entity under IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and must be applied retrospectively, subject to certain transition relief. The exception to consolidation requires investment entities to account for subsidiaries at fair value through profit or loss. These amendments have no impact on the Bank, since none of the entities in the Group qualifies to be an investment entity under IFRS 10.

IAS 36 Impairment of Assets—Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets—This Amendment reduces the circumstances in which the recoverable amount of assets or cash-generating units is required to be disclosed, clarifies the disclosures required and introduces an explicit requirement to disclose the discount rate used in determining impairment (or reversals) where the recoverable amount (based on fair value less costs of disposal) is determined using a present value technique. These amendments have no impact on the Bank.

IAS 19 Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions—IAS 19 requires an entity to consider contributions from employees or third parties when accounting for defined benefit plans. Where the contributions are linked to service, they should be attributed to periods of service as a negative benefit. These amendments clarify that, if the amount of the contributions is independent of the number of years of service, an entity is permitted to recognize such contributions as a reduction in the service cost in the period in which the service is rendered, instead of allocating the contributions to the periods of service. These amendments have no impact on the Bank, since none of the entities within the Group has defined benefit plans with contributions from employees or third parties.

IAS 39 Financial Instruments—Recognition and Measurement—The amendments to IAS 39 relate to continuing hedge accounting after novation. This amendment provides an exception to the requirement to discontinue hedge accounting when over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives designated for hedging are, directly or indirectly, novated to a central counterparty (CCP) as a consequence of laws or regulations, or the introduction of laws or regulations. Hedges will not be interrupted for this novation, so there is no impact in financial statements.

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

The consolidated financial information presented in this section for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 has been audited and prepared in accordance with IFRS. In addition, to the extent that it is available and because we believe it is useful in analyzing our results, we have included information classified by the business segments that we use for internal reporting purposes. As mentioned earlier, information about our business segments is reported under our internal reporting policies, which differ in significant respects from IFRS.

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of our net income, as detailed in our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Net interest income

     964,137        1,061,571        1,256,816        10.1     18.4

Net fees and commissions income

     287,272        287,093        272,188        (0.1     (5.2

Other income (loss), net

     72,222        130,013        132,640        80.0        2.0   

Provisions for loan losses

     (166,420     (221,653     (261,566     33.2        18.0   

Operating expenses

     (612,934     (619,530     (727,360     1.1        17.4   

Income attributable to associates

     (468     1,780        2,486        —          39.7   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     543,809        639,274        675,204        17.6        5.6   

Income taxes

     (63,928     (89,085     (79,685     39.4        (10.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

     479,881        550,189        595,519        14.7     8.2
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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2013 and 2014. For the year ended December 31, 2014 our net income was Ch$595,519 million. This represented an annual increase of 8.2% over the Ch$550,189 million recorded in 2013. The annual variance in our net income was primarily attributable to:

 

 

Significantly higher contribution of our net asset exposure to UF, which is an inflation-indexed currency. During the year ended December 31, 2014 inflation (measured as UF variation) was 5.65%, as compared to the 2.05% recorded in 2013. The 3.6% annual increase in UF variation translated into higher revenues from our net asset exposure to the UF (inflation). Also, this effect was amplified by lower nominal interest rates associated with Chilean peso-denominated liabilities funding this asset position.

 

 

Downward shifts in interest rates. Given the economic backdrop observed locally in 2014, the Chilean Central Bank undertook successive cuts to the marginal standing facility rate. This rate ranged from 4.5% at the end of 2013 to 3.0% as of December 2014. The change in monetary policy caused similar shifts in nominal short-term interest rates, positively impacting our results due to both a repricing effect as liabilities reprice faster than assets and higher revenues from term gapping, based on the yield curve steepening.

 

 

Higher income from loans as a result of both loan book expansion and non-recurring effects. On the one hand, our loan portfolio recorded an 8.6% annual increase in average balances which was prompted by an annual increase of 11.3% in retail banking loans and an annual expansion of 4.2% in wholesale banking loans (all based on average balances). The increase in retail banking balances was aligned with our strategic priority of increasingly penetrating that segment, while the moderate growth posted in the wholesale banking segment had to do with both tightened market conditions and aggressive competition within the corporate segment. On the other hand, we benefited from the early settlement of a corporate loan, which translated into non-recurring net interest income.

 

 

A positive non-recurring effect associated with our asset position in deferred taxes. As a result of the tax reform approved in Chile during 2014, we recognized a positive effect related to the increase in the statutory corporate tax rate for the coming years.

The previously mentioned factors enabled us to effectively cope with: (i) a 5.2% decrease in net fees and commissions income, primarily explained by regulations affecting the insurance brokerage business, lower fee income from credit cards as a result of commercial decisions we made in order to promote this means of payment and lower stock brokerage fees, which is in line with the moderate growth observed in the local equity market; (ii) an annual increase of 18.0% in provisions for loan losses, explained by both higher growth in the retail banking segment and a negative exchange rate effect (offset by higher revenues from an asset position in U.S.$ that hedges our liability exposure to U.S.$-denominated provisions for loan losses); (iii) a 17.4% annual increase in operating expenses, primarily associated with four-year collective bargaining agreements settled in 2014 with most of our unions; and (iv) lower contribution from our demand deposits, given the decrease in nominal short term interest rates.

2012 and 2013. During 2013 our net income was Ch$550,189 million, increasing by 14.7% as compared to the Ch$479,881 million recorded in 2012. The annual increase in net income was primarily the result of:

 

 

Sustained loan growth and stable lending spreads in all of our targeted segments. During 2013 we selectively expanded our loan book by prioritizing those segments with a favorable risk-return relationship. On the whole, our average balances of total loans increased by 9.9% in 2013. This annual increase was primarily associated with a 12.2% annual increase in average loans managed by our Retail Banking segment while average loans handled by our Wholesale Banking segment recorded a 5.5% annual increase in 2013. These expansions were aligned with our strategic priorities but also with market conditions, such as strong competition within the corporate segment. Together with these trends in loans and given our selective growth, we were also able to slightly increase our average lending spreads.

 

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Higher contribution from non-interest bearing liabilities as a result of increasing balances and despite recent cuts in the Central Bank’s marginal standing facility rate, which affected market rates as well. As for the former, our average balances of current accounts and demand deposits increased by 10.7% in 2013 as compared to 2012. This annual growth in non-interest bearing liabilities increased the profitability of interest earning assets and also more than offset the interest rate reductions set by the Central Bank in the marginal standing facility rate (a decrease of 50 bp in 2013).

 

 

Higher revenues from our UF net asset position. Although inflation (measured as UF variation) was lower in 2013 than 2012, we benefited from our UF net asset position through increasing our exposure to inflation, and, to a lesser extent, due to a positive repricing effect on interest bearing peso-denominated liabilities as a result of two consecutive cuts in monetary policy interest rates carried out by the Central Bank by the end of 2013.

 

 

Higher revenues from the management of our Treasury. Given favorable shifts in market factors, especially by the end of 2013, our Treasury was able to profit from term gapping, liabilities repricing and the management of our investment portfolio.

The factors mentioned above were partly offset by a 33.2% annual increase in provisions for loan losses that was prompted by: (i) the previously mentioned loan growth, (ii) the devaluation of the Chilean peso that negatively impacted our U.S.$.-denominated provisions for loan losses (although this effect was mostly offset by a hedging asset position whose revenues are recognized under other income (loss) net), and (iii) credit deterioration linked to specific wholesale customers and—to a lesser extent—the SME business. The increase in provisions for loan losses was accompanied by an annual increase of 39.4% in income taxes, owing to both the 17.6% annual increase in income before income tax in 2013 as compared to 2012 and a low basis for comparison, since in 2012 we recognized non-recurring tax benefits associated with our deferred taxes as a result of an increase in the statutory corporate tax rate.

Net Interest Income

The tables included under the headings “—Interest Revenue” and “—Interest Expense” set forth information regarding our consolidated interest revenue and expenses, average interest earning assets and average interest bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014. This information is derived from tables included elsewhere in this annual report under “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information” and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such information.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest revenue

   Ch$ 1,672,766      Ch$ 1,765,942      Ch$ 2,045,604      Ch$ 5.6   Ch$ 15.8

Interest expense

     (708,629     (704,371     (788,788     (0.6     12.0   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

   Ch$ 964,137      Ch$ 1,061,571      Ch$ 1,256,816        10.1     18.4
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest margin(1)(2)

     4.68     4.67     5.12     —          —     

 

(1) Net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. The average balances for interest-earning assets, including interest readjustments, were calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries.
(2) Net interest margin does not include the interest earned on trading securities, which is accounted for under Other Income (Loss) Net.

2013 and 2014. Our net interest income was Ch$1,256,816 million in 2014, which was 18.4% above the Ch$1,061,571 million recorded in 2013. This annual increase was mainly related to favorable changes in market factors, such as inflation and interest rates, as well as an expansion in loan balances. The primary drivers explaining the increase in net interest income were as follows:

 

 

Higher net income attributable to our UF net asset position. Inflation (measured as UF variation) was higher than expected, reaching 5.65% in 2014. This annual increase was well above the 2.05% recorded in 2013. However, in addition to higher inflation, our UF net asset position benefited from lower short term nominal interest rates on the Ch$ denominated liabilities that fund this position. On the whole, the contribution of our UF net asset exposure increased by approximately Ch$156,000 million in 2014 as compared to 2013.

 

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Higher income from loans of approximately Ch$37,900 million. This was the result of an 8.7% annual increase in our loan book (based on average balances), prompted by an increase of 11.3% in retail banking average loans and—to a lesser extent—by an expansion of 4.2% in wholesale banking average loans. In spite of the moderate growth in wholesale banking average loans, we benefited from the non-recurring effect associated with the prepayment of a commercial loan producing additional net interest income of approximately Ch$9,400 million. It is important to note that our loan expansion in retail banking was conducted selectively by targeting higher income individual customers with both consumer and residential mortgage loans. Thus, whereas our Individuals and SM Banking Unit recorded a 12.2% annual increase in average loans by catering to higher-income individuals and SMEs, our Consumer Finance Division only managed a 1.4% annual increase in average loans. On the other hand, the growth in wholesale banking was associated with higher expansion in our Large Companies and Real Estate Banking Unit (Middle Market), with average loans increasing 8.1% annually. Conversely, our Corporate Division posted an annual decrease of 0.7% in average loan balances. The trends followed by our loan book reflected the Chilean economic backdrop. The low growth rate managed by the wholesale banking segment had to do with postponed macro investment projects and a lack of confidence in the economic outlook by decision makers. The economic environment also translated into a decline in loan growth in the retail banking segment by the end of 2014.

 

 

Higher net interest revenues of approximately Ch$20,748 million as a result of favorable shifts in both short- and long-term interest rates. In fact, the downward trends in short-term interest rates produced a positive repricing effect (since liabilities reprice faster than assets). Also, we benefited from a steepening in the yield curve, which caused higher revenues from term gapping.

 

 

The 18.4% annual increase in net interest income prompted a significant increase in our net interest margin, from 4.67% in 2013 to 5.12% in 2014. This was mostly the result of the UF increase, as well as a more convenient backdrop for funding and term gapping, given that interest assets grew by 8.1% on an annual basis.

2012 and 2013. Our net interest income was Ch$1,061,571 million in 2013, which represented a 10.1% annual increase from the Ch$964,137 million recorded a year earlier. This annual increase was principally the result of:

 

 

The previously mentioned expansion in our loan book. Our average balances of total loans increased by 9.9% in 2013 as compared to 2012. This expansion was focused on those segments where we still have room to grow and —more importantly— in which the risk-return equation is favorable. Accordingly, our loan growth was largely fostered by a 12.2% growth in average loans of our Retail Banking segment, especially linked to a 13.1% annual expansion in middle and upper income personal banking, in conjunction with a 12.6% annual increase in average loans to SMEs. In the Wholesale Banking segment, the overall growth of 5.5% in average loans was principally prompted by a 14.2% increase in average loans associated with our Large Companies and Real Estate Division (Middle Market). These drivers enabled us to more than offset an annual slight decrease in loans granted to Corporations and a slowdown in average loans to our lower income individual segment. Altogether, we increased our revenues from loans by approximately Ch$59,700 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.

 

 

Higher contribution from our non-interest bearing liabilities. Based on a 10.7% annual increase in average balances of current accounts and demand deposits, we were able to completely offset the effect of lower nominal interest rates following two consecutive cuts of 25 basis points in the marginal standing facility rate by the end of 2013. Accordingly, greater balances of these liabilities resulted in higher profitability for our balance sheet, which translated into higher benefits by approximately Ch$23,400 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.

 

 

A more favorable scenario for our UF net asset position. Despite the UF increase of 2.05% in 2013 as compared to an increase of 2.45% in 2012, we benefited from an enlarged exposure to UF and more convenient funding for the portion of these assets funded with Ch$-denominated liabilities given the decrease in nominal interest rates towards the end of 2013. Higher revenues from our UF net asset position amounted to approximately Ch$17,600 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.

As mentioned, an important part of the increase in net interest income was fostered by more accessible funding based on: (i) our leading market position in non-interest bearing liabilities, (ii) our high credit ratings that

 

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translated into low risk premiums for our international debt placements and (iii) a positive repricing effect given the decrease in short-term interest rates towards the end of 2013. This allowed us to more than offset lower revenues from our time deposits and saving accounts by approximately Ch$1,100 million and a yield curve that remained almost flat in 2013, despite the steepening observed towards the end of 2013.

On the whole, despite the 10.1% annual increase in net interest income, our net interest margin experienced a slight annual decrease of one basis point, from 4.68% in 2012 to 4.67% in 2013. This was principally the result of a proportionally higher increase in interest earning assets (10.3% on an annual basis), especially average balances of total loans that grew by 9.9% in 2013 as compared to 2012, and average balances of financial investments (including Available-for-Sale and Held-for-Trading securities) that increased by 11.4% on a yearly basis. As for the latter, it is important to mention that interest accrued on trading securities is not recognized as interest revenue.

Interest Revenue

The following table sets forth information regarding our interest revenue and average interest earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
     2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest revenue

   Ch$ 1,672,766      Ch$ 1,765,942      Ch$ 2,045,604        5.6     15.8

Average interest earning assets:

          

Commercial loans

     11,476,946        12,477,510        13,316,594        8.7        6.7   

Residential mortgage loans

     3,924,080        4,455,850        5,082,293        13.6        14.1   

Consumer loans

     2,654,234        2,909,832        3,166,879        9.6        8.8   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans

     18,055,260        19,843,192        21,565,766        9.9        8.7   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deposits in Central Bank

     370,298        396,272        395,286        7.0        (0.2

Repurchase agreements

     42,109        27,382        27,704        (35.0     1.2   

Financial investments

     1,748,349        1,946,975        1,969,070        11.4        1.1   

Loans and advance to banks

     381,578        496,870        602,968        30.2        21.4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 20,597,594      Ch$ 22,710,691      Ch$ 24,560,794        10.3     8.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average rates earned on total interest earning assets(1)(2):

          

Average nominal rates

     8.12     7.78     8.33     —          —     

 

(1) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities.”
(2) Average rates earned on interest earning assets do not include the interest earned on trading securities, which is accounted for under Other Income (Loss) Net.

2013 and 2014. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our interest income was Ch$2,045,604 million, representing a 15.8% annual increase when compared to 2013. This increase was primarily attributable to: (i) higher than expected inflation, with the UF increasing by 5.65% on an annual basis in 2014, as compared to the increase of 2.05% in 2013, which positively impacted the interest earned on our UF asset exposure; (ii) loan book growth of 8.7% (based on average balances) in 2014 as compared to 2013, focused on retail banking (11.3% annual growth in average balances) and—to a lesser extent—on wholesale banking (4.2% annual growth in average balances); and (iii) the one-time effect associated with the early payment of a wholesale commercial loan. These positive effects allowed us to effectively cope with the effect of lower nominal interest rates on the return of interest earning assets denominated in Chilean pesos. Lastly, the average gross return on average interest earning assets increased from 7.78% in 2013 to 8.33% in 2014.

2012 and 2013. Our interest revenues recorded a 5.6% annual increase in 2013 as compared to 2012. This annual increase was primarily due to loan expansion (9.9% in average balances), especially focused on middle and upper income personal banking, SMEs and Middle Market Companies, with average loans to these segments increasing 13.1%, 12.6% and 14.2%, respectively. Despite the positive effect associated with loan growth, we recorded a decrease in the average yield of our interest earning assets, from 8.12% in 2012 to 7.78% in 2013. This annual decrease was mainly associated with: (i) lower UF variation (2.05% in 2013 as compared to 2.45% in 2012) that negatively impacted the interest earned on UF-denominated assets and (ii) reduced mid and long-term nominal interest rates, which impacted the interest earned on Ch$-denominated assets. Lastly, increasing balances of assets Available-for-Sale and Held-for-Trading also contributed to a lower yield, as interest accrued on trading securities is not fully allocated in this line item.

 

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Interest Expense

The following table sets forth information regarding our interest expense and average interest bearing liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
     2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest expense

   Ch$ 708,629      Ch$ 704,371      Ch$ 788,788        (0.6 )%      12.0

Average interest-bearing liabilities:

          

Saving accounts and time deposits(1)

     9,380,123        9,842,483        9,724,220        4.9        (1.2

Securities under agreements to repurchase

     286,944        289,107        262,301        0.8        (9.3

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,435,362        1,201,866        1,137,199        (16.3     (5.4

Debt issued

     2,838,170        3,771,209        4,897,000        32.9        29.9   

Other financial obligations

     170,977        173,868        190,159        1.7        9.4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 14,111,576      Ch$ 15,278,533      Ch$ 16,210,879        8.3     6.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average rates paid on total interest bearing liabilities(2):

          

Average nominal rates

     5.02     4.61     4.87    

Average (Chilean peso-denominated) non-interest bearing current account and demand deposits

     4,926,475        5,455,342        6,224,055        10.7     14.1

 

(1) Includes interest-earning demand deposits.
(2) See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities.”

2013 and 2014. Our interest expense increased by approximately 12.0% on an annual basis, from Ch$704,371 million in 2013 to Ch$788,788 million in 2014. This annual increase was mainly caused by the effect of higher inflation (UF increased 5.65% in 2014 versus 2.05% in 2013) on our interest bearing liabilities denominated in UF. This effect was partly offset by: (i) the impact of successive cuts to the marginal standing facility rate by the Central Bank from 4.5% as of December 31, 2013 to 3.0% as of December 31, 2014, which reduced the cost of funding related to liabilities denominated in Chilean pesos; and (ii) a change in the funding mix reflected by the expansion in cheaper funding sources such as debt issued and non-interest bearing liabilities (current accounts and demand deposits) increasing by 29.9% and 14.1% on an annual basis, respectively. For these reasons, the average nominal rates paid on the average balance of interest bearing liabilities increased from 4.61% in 2013 to 4.87% in 2014.

2012 and 2013. Our interest expense decreased by 0.6% on an annual basis, from Ch$708,629 million in 2012 to Ch$704,371 million in 2013. This annual decrease was driven by effective management of our funding structure, brand recognition and also favorable shifts in market factors. As for the former, since 2011 we have increasingly diversified our liability structure by issuing debt internationally in various markets. Under this strategy, our overseas debt placements amounted to approximately U.S.$1,120 million in 2013 and bore low risk premiums given our high credit rating. In addition, based on our brand recognition and reliability among customers and non-customers, we recorded a 10.7% annual increase in average balances of current accounts and demand deposits, which provides us with a convenient source of funding. In this regard, an enlarged capital base in 2013 also contributed to reduce the cost of funding for our interest earning assets. Lastly, the lower interest expense was also the result of a positive repricing effect on our short-term interest bearing peso-denominated liabilities due to the drop in short-term interest rates towards the end of 2013. All of these factors collectively resulted in a decrease in the average nominal interest rate paid on our interest bearing liabilities from 5.02% in 2012 to 4.61% in 2013.

 

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Net Fees and Commissions Income

The following table sets forth certain components of our fees and commissions income (net of fees paid to third parties that provide support for those services) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Mutual funds

   Ch$ 56,043      Ch$ 54,833      Ch$ 65,198        (2.2 )%      18.9

Insurance

     60,481        62,378        54,345        3.1        (12.9

Current accounts, overdrafts, credit lines and credit cards

     61,442        55,824        37,531        (9.1     (32.8

Demand accounts and ATMs

     28,521        28,896        30,283        1.3        4.8   

Stock brokerage

     10,236        10,067        7,873        (1.7     (21.8

Collection of over-due loans

     20,670        22,998        22,012        11.3        (4.3

Cash management services

     14,443        14,570        14,707        0.9        0.9   

Letters of credit, guarantees, collateral and other contingent loans

     13,038        15,703        17,651        20.4        12.4   

Custody and trust services

     6,671        7,070        7,730        6.0        9.3   

Foreign trade and currency exchange

     6,005        7,234        7,762        20.5        7.3   

Financial advisory services

     3,955        4,054        6,081        2.5        50.0   

Credits and factoring

     4,562        2,203        2,514        (51.7     14.1   

Collection services

     1,155        779        601        (32.6     (22.8

Teller services expenses

     143        731        2,146        411.2        193.6   

Credit pre-evaluation services

     (2,223     (2,251     (2,146     1.3        (4.7

Other

     2,130        2,004        (2,100     (5.9     —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 287,272      Ch$ 287,093      Ch$ 272,188        (0.1 )%      (5.2 )% 
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2013 and 2014. During 2014 our income from fees and commissions was affected by various regulations that directly impacted our fee-based businesses, as well as unfavorable market and economic forces that translated into lower commercial activity for some of our subsidiaries. On the whole, our income from net fees and commissions decreased from Ch$287,093 million in 2013 to Ch$272,188 million in 2014, representing a 5.2% annual decrease. This annual decrease was mainly caused by:

 

 

Mixed trends in net fees and commissions from transactional services. On the one hand, net fees and commissions from credit lines, overdrafts, credit lines and credit cards decreased by approximately 32.8% or Ch$18,293 million on an annual basis. This downward shift was mainly caused by the effect of regulations affecting transactional services, as well as commercial decisions, including price adjustments to certain products, made by our management in order to promote the use of transactional services among our customers, especially credit cards. These effects were amplified by a negative exchange rate effect on U.S.$- denominated expenses related to credit card loyalty programs, produced by a higher Ch$ depreciation in 2014 as compared to 2013. The decrease in net fees and commissions associated with credit cards was partially offset by: (i) higher fees and commissions income from demand accounts/ATMs increasing by 4.8% (or Ch$1,387 million) and fees associated with reimbursement of teller services expenses increasing by 193.6% (or Ch$1,415 million) in 2014 as compared to 2013, in line with increases in ATM transactional volumes; and (ii) fees and commissions from credits and factoring increasing by 14.1% or Ch$311 million on an annual basis, mainly fostered by the expansion recorded by our retail banking loans, with average balances increasing 11.3% year on year.

 

 

The above mentioned factors were partially offset by an aggregate positive performance of net fees and commissions from specialized financial services provided by some of our subsidiaries. In this regard, fees and commissions associated with mutual funds management posted an annual increase of 18.9%, or Ch$10,365 million, in 2014. This increase is explained by the annual increase of 21.9% in average volumes of assets under management, which in turn supported an annual increase in market share from 21.3% in 2013 to 22.5% as of December 31, 2014. This performance was supplemented by a yearly increase of 50.0%, or Ch$2,027 million, in fees and commissions related to our financial advisory services. This advance was caused by the execution of diverse and important transactions in 2014. Nevertheless, this positive trend was partly offset by lower fees and commission income in both insurance and stock brokerage services. In insurance services, fees and commissions decreased by 12.9% or Ch$8,033 million on an annual basis. This decrease was caused by regulations affecting the insurance brokerage business, in particular, new guidelines for reimbursement of unused insurance policies in the case of early termination. On the other hand,

 

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fees and commissions related to stock brokerage dropped by 21.8% or Ch$2,914 million on an annual basis. Despite the annual increase of 38.6% in stock trading turnover managed by our stock brokerage subsidiary in 2014, fees and commissions decreased as a result of specific deals carried out throughout the year involving lower variable margins and—to a lesser extent—because of changes in the pricing scheme caused by modifications in customer segmentation.

 

 

A 12.4% (or Ch$1,948 million) increase in net fees and commissions income related to contingent credits (letters of credit, guarantees, collateral and other contingent loans), which in turn was supported by an 11.2% annual expansion in the average balances of contingent loans.

2012 and 2013. Our net fees and commissions income remained almost flat on an annual basis, amounting to Ch$287,093 million in 2013 as compared to Ch$287,272 million in 2012, which represents a slight 0.1% annual decrease. The slight annual decrease in net fees and commissions was primarily the consequence of:

 

 

A decrease in net fees and commissions related to traditional lending activities. In this regard, we recognized mixed forces affecting the business. On the positive side, we experienced an annual increase of 20.4% (or Ch$2,665 million) in net fees and commissions income from contingent loans (letters of credit, guarantees, collateral and other contingent loans), an increase of 11.3% (or Ch$2,328 million) in income from the collection of past-due loans and an increase of 20.5% (or Ch$1,229 million) in net fees from foreign trade and currency exchange. All of these positive trends were the result of our significant growth in our Large Companies and Real Estate Unit (companies with annual turnover between Ch$1,600 and Ch$70,000 million), as well as SMEs, since a significant portion of these companies are engaged in foreign trade transactions and working capital borrowings that normally involve letters of credit and guarantees. As for collection services, during 2013 we witnessed some signs of economic slowdown that led us to tighten the entire credit process (from assessment to collection), especially in those segments that are more exposed to macroeconomic fluctuations.

 

 

On the negative side, we experienced an annual decreases of 9.1% (or Ch$5,618 million) in fees and commissions from transactional services (current accounts, overdrafts, credit lines and credit cards) and a yearly decline of 51.7% (or Ch$2,359 million) in fees from credits and factoring. In this regard, lower fees and commissions from transactional services are mainly explained by a negative exchange rate effect on net fees from credit cards (as expenses of customer loyalty programs are denominated in U.S.$) due to the Chilean-peso devaluation of 9.6% in 2013 and the appreciation of 7.8% in 2012. As for fees and commissions from credits and factoring, the decrease is explained by a similar trend in year-end balances for factoring loans due to strong competition from other banking players. As a result of the regulation introduced towards the end of 2013, fees associated with transactional services (including current accounts, credit lines, credit cards, etc.) remained almost flat in 2013. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation and Supervision—Consumer-oriented Regulation”.

 

 

Fees and commissions associated with specialized financial services were also affected by mixed forces. Firstly, we experienced a 3.1% (or Ch$1,897 million) annual increase in fees and commissions from insurance brokerage. This was mainly attributable to an annual increase of 4.0% in written premiums and improved value offerings intended to offset the recent regulatory changes affecting the margin of the business. Conversely, net fees and commissions from our mutual funds business decreased by 2.2% (or Ch$1,210 million) on an annual basis. This was principally the result of unfavorable customer preferences, given the local and global macro scenario, rather than growth in assets under management (“AUM”). In fact, we continued to lead the market in terms of AUM by posting a 3.8% annual increase in balances and reaching a market share of 21.3% as of Dec. 31, 2013. However, since 2010 we have seen market trends associated with volatile stock markets that have encouraged investors to look for havens in fixed-income securities, which involve lower commissions than mutual funds invested in stocks.

Other Income (Loss), Net

Other income (loss), net, consists of net gains and losses from financial operating income, net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions and other operating income. Financial operating income results include gains and losses realized on the sale of securities, gains and losses from marking to market of securities and interest rate and currency derivatives at the end of the period. Net gains and losses from foreign exchange transactions include gains and losses realized upon the sale of foreign currency

 

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and foreign exchange derivatives and gains and losses arising from the period-end translation of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities into pesos. Foreign exchange results also include net adjustments on U.S. dollar-indexed domestic currency transactions and existing interest rate differences in currency derivatives.

The following table sets forth certain components of our other income (loss), net, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Interest accrued on trading securities

   Ch$ 8,467      Ch$ 17,668      Ch$ 16,500        108.7     (6.6 )% 

Gains (losses) from mark to market and sales

     564        6,916        3,420        —          (50.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets Held for Trading

     9,031        24,584        19,920        172.2        (19.0

Sales of Available for Sale Instruments

     8,088        14,881        18,102        84.0        21.6   

Net Gain (Loss) from other transactions

     2,567        (1,089     (38     —          (96.5

Derivative Instruments

     (3,633     (6,018     (3,773     65.6        (37.3

Sales of Loan Portfolios

     146        314        993        115.1        216.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net financial operating (loss) income

     16,199        32,672        35,204        101.7        7.7   

Foreign exchange transactions, net

     35,136        71,457        70,225        103.4        (1.7

Other operating income, net

     20,887        25,884        27,211        23.9        5.1   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other income (loss), net

   Ch$ 72,222      Ch$ 130,013      Ch$ 132,640        80.0     2.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

2013 and 2014. Our other income (loss) net was Ch$132,640 million in 2014, representing a 2.0% annual increase as compared to the Ch$130,013 million recorded in 2013. This annual increase was the result of a combination of diverse factors, including:

 

 

A decrease in losses from the management of derivative instruments and other transactions. During 2014, we recorded losses from derivatives contracts of approximately Ch$3,773 million, as compared to the net loss of Ch$6,018 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013. Furthermore, we reduced losses associated with other transactions from Ch$1,089 million in 2013 to Ch$38 million in 2014. The reduced amount of losses from derivatives contracts was mainly caused by a positive FX impact of approximately Ch$12,187 million. This positive FX impact was prompted by a decrease in our liability position throughout 2014, which allowed us to offset the 15.3% Chilean peso devaluation in 2014. This positive effect was partly counterbalanced by: (i) a net negative variance of Counterparty Value Adjustment for derivatives by approximately Ch$6,751 million in 2014 as compared to 2013; and (ii) higher ineffectiveness of fair value hedging positions by approximately Ch$2,045 million in 2014 as compared to 2013.

 

 

The previously mentioned positive impact associated with a decrease in losses from derivatives was partially offset by lower revenues from the management of our investment portfolio, including both financial assets held-for-trading and available-for-sale instruments. This decrease was mainly the result of gains from financial assets held-for-trading, which decreased by Ch$4,664 million on an annual basis, from Ch$24,584 million in 2013 to Ch$19,920 million in 2014, prompted by lower sales of these kinds of instruments during 2014. In fact, the impact of lower rates on the interest accrued on these instruments was mostly offset by increasing positions. The lower results from trading securities was partly offset by approximately Ch$3,221 million of greater sales of available-for-sale instruments, given the cumulative marking-to-market caused by lower interest rates.

 

 

A slight decrease of 1.7%, or Ch$1,232 million, in foreign exchange transactions net, from Ch$71,457 million in 2013 to Ch$70,225 million in 2014. This decrease was primarily produced by losses of approximately Ch$14,166 million related to the effect of a higher Chilean peso depreciation in 2014 (15.3%) as compared to 2013 (9.6%) on our net liability positions in FX derivatives. This negative result was partly counterbalanced by: (ii) higher income of roughly Ch$7,600 million associated with the asset FX position that hedges our exposure to U.S.$-denominated provisions for loan losses and fee expenses, given the previously mentioned shifts in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate; and (ii) higher gains from cash flow hedge accounting of approximately Ch$2,674 million due to the same reason.

 

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2012 and 2013. In 2013, our other income (loss), net was Ch$130,013 million, which was 80.0% above the Ch$72,222 million recorded in 2012. This annual increase was principally associated with:

 

 

Higher revenues from the management of our investment portfolio, which is composed of financial assets held for trading and available for sale instruments. In this regard, gains from the management of trading securities increased from Ch$9,031 million in 2012 (including accrued interest of Ch$8,467 million and gains from mark-to-market of Ch$564 million) to Ch$24,584 million in 2013 (including accrued interest of Ch$17,668 million and gains from mark-to-market of Ch$6,916 million). This was the result of favorable shifts in market factors, especially those associated with lower international interest rates due to reduced risk premiums worldwide, which enabled our Treasury to take advantage of significant mark-to-market gains. This effect was amplified by year end balances of financial-assets-held-for-trading that increased from Ch$159,082 million in 2012 to Ch$326,921 million in 2013. Regarding available for sale assets, we benefited from an increase in sales proceeds, from Ch$8,088 million in 2012 to Ch$14,881 million in 2013, partly explained by proceeds from the sale of Master Card shares amounting to approximately Ch$4,850 million.

 

 

Losses on derivative contracts that increased from Ch$3,633 million in 2012 to Ch$6,018 million in 2013. This was the result of: (i) a negative FX impact of approximately Ch$26,500 million associated with a decrease of 7.6% and an increase of 9.8% in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate in 2012 and 2013, respectively, together with an average FX position in trading derivatives that changed from net assets of approximately U.S.$450 million in 2012 to net liabilities of approximately U.S.$490 million in 2013; and (ii) the ineffectiveness of fair value hedging positions by approximately Ch$1,800 million. These negative factors were partly offset by: (i) favorable shifts in nominal interest rates, which along with changes in our net positions translated into higher revenues associated with mark-to-market and accrual by approximately Ch$19,500 million; and (ii) net positive impact of Counterparty Value Adjustment for derivatives of approximately Ch$6,000 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.

 

 

Higher income from foreign exchange transactions, net, which increased from Ch$35,136 million in 2012 to Ch$71,457 million in 2013. The increase in this line item was mainly attributable to: (i) a positive exchange rate effect associated with a 9.6% increase in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate in 2013 as compared to the decrease of 7.8% in 2012, which translated into higher revenues of approximately Ch$17,600 million related to the asset position that hedges our exposure to provisions for loan losses and fee expenses denominated in U.S.$; and (ii) net gains from cash flow hedge accounting that increased by approximately Ch$66,000 million in 2013 as compared to 2012, also related to the exchange rate behavior mentioned above. These factors allowed us to effectively offset lower revenues by approximately Ch$46,500 million associated with net liability positions in foreign exchange and the previously mentioned exchange rate trends in 2012 as compared to 2013.

Provisions for Loan Losses

We recognize allowances to cover possible credit losses in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. For statistical information with respect to our substandard loans and allowances for loan losses, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information” and Note 11(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014. According to regulations applicable to such periods, the amount of provisions charged to income in any period consists of net provisions for possible loan losses.

The following table sets forth information with respect to our provisions and allowances for loan losses and charge-offs for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31,     % Increase (Decrease)  
IFRS:    2012     2013     2014     2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)     %  

Provisions:

          

Gross provisions for loan losses

   Ch$ 207,382      Ch$ 264,608      Ch$ 307,875        27.6     16.4

Total loan loss recoveries

     40,962        42,955        46,309        4.9        7.8   

Net provisions for loan losses

     166,420        221,653        261,566        33.2        18.0   

Charge-offs:

          

Total charge-offs

     182,733        196,535        255,342        7.6        29.9   

Net charge-offs

     141,771        153,580        209,033        8.3        36.1   

Other asset quality data:

          

Total loans

   Ch$ 18,771,761      Ch$ 20,880,770      Ch$ 21,891,333        11.2        4.8   

Average Loans

     18,055,260        19,843,192        21,565,766        9.9        8.7   

Allowances for loan losses

     387,803        439,298        490,558        13.3     11.7

Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans

     2.07     2.10     2.24     —          —     

Provisions for loan losses as a percentage of average loans

     0.92     1.12     1.21     —          —     

2013 and 2014. Our provisions for loans losses increased by 18.0% in 2014, from Ch$221,653 million in 2013 to Ch$261,566 million in 2014. Similar to the previous year, the change in provisions for loan losses was explained by business factors and changes in specific market variables rather than by deterioration in asset quality. The main forces explaining the annual increase in risk provisioning were as follows:

 

 

Loan growth and changes in the portfolio mix. As displayed by the table above, our average total loans recorded an 8.6% annual increase in 2014 as compared to 2013. This expansion in loan volumes primarily explained approximately Ch$11,800 million of the total increase in loan loss provisions occurring between 2014 and 2013. Also, this increase was supported by growth in retail banking, which posted an annual expansion of 11.3% in average loans as compared to the increase of 4.2% in average loans recorded by our wholesale banking segment.

 

 

A negative exchange rate effect on U.S.$-denominated allowances for loans losses. This was produced by a higher Chilean peso devaluation in 2014 (15.3%) as compared to 2013 (9.6%), which affected our net liability position in provisions for loan losses associated with U.S.$-denominated loans, particularly concentrated in the wholesale banking segment. This effected translated into a higher exchange rate effect of approximately Ch$7,600 million in 2014 as compared to 2013.

 

 

A net deterioration of approximately Ch$10,412 million. This deterioration was caused by a low basis for comparison, which is explained by an allowance release of approximately Ch$9,000 million in 2013, due to the improved financial condition of a specific wholesale customer. Similarly, we experienced a moderate increase in overall past-due loans in 2014 as compared to 2013, although the increase was concentrated in retail banking (78.3%) rather than wholesale banking (21.7%).

As a result of the above, our indicator of provisions for loan losses over average loans recorded an annual increase of 9 bp from 1.12% in 2013 to 1.21% in 2014. Most of this increase was explained by the previously mentioned FX effect on U.S.$-denominated provisions. In addition, our risk index (allowances for loan losses over total loans) increased from 2.10% in 2013 to 2.24% in 2014.

In regards to delinquency, our past-due loans ratio (loans 90 days or more past due) recorded an increase from 1.13% in 2013 to 1.25% in 2014. This increase was associated with retail as well as wholesale banking and we believe it is aligned with the economic backdrop, which has been characterized by deceleration in both private consumption and investment. Accordingly, the risk profile of individuals and companies deteriorated slightly throughout the year. Based on this evidence, during 2014 we continued to strengthen our entire credit process (from assessment to rendering) while bolstering our collection procedures. We believe these measures have permitted us to deal with environmental conditions while maintaining our low delinquency ratio (compared to the ratios reported by our main competitors). See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance”.

2012 and 2013. Our provisions for loan losses recorded a 33.2% annual increase, from Ch$166,420 million in 2012 to Ch$221,653 million in 2013. Although this annual increase was almost three times our loan growth, it can be largely explained by business drivers and changes in market variables rather than credit deterioration. The main factors explaining the annual increase in provisions for loan losses were:

 

 

Loan book expansion focused on retail banking, which produced an important volume effect. Our average balances of total loans grew by 9.9% in 2013 as compared to 2012. This increase was mainly supported by a 12.2% annual increase in average loans managed by our retail banking and—to a lesser extent—average loans handled by our wholesale banking segment that increased by 5.5% on an annual basis. This loan growth resulted in a volume effect on provisions for loan losses of approximately Ch$22,500 million.

 

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It is worth mentioning that this volume effect encompasses a mix effect of approximately Ch$6,000 million due to a proportionally higher expansion in retail than wholesale banking loans.

 

 

A negative exchange rate effect on provisions for loan losses linked to U.S.$-denominated loans that are mainly focused on middle market companies. On an annual basis, the negative impact was caused by both a decrease of 7.8% in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate in 2012 as compared to a 9.6% increase in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate in 2013. Exchange rate shifts explained approximately Ch$12,800 million of the higher provisions for loan losses.

 

 

Approximately Ch$10,400 million associated with greater provisions for loan losses that we set aside in order to recognize the deteriorated financial condition of one specific corporate customer in 2013, and—to a lesser extent—a gradual deterioration in the credit condition of the SME segment that we witnessed in 2013, in line with an economic cycle that slowed down moderately.

Based on the above, our credit quality ratios recorded a slight deterioration in 2013 as compared to 2012. In fact, our ratio of provisions for loans losses as a percentage of average loans rose by 20 bps on an annual basis, from 0.92% in 2012 to 1.12% in 2013. By adjusting the other than loan related factors, the indicator would have slightly increased on an annual basis.

As for delinquency, in 2013 we witnessed a 30.2% annual increase in the level of past-due loans (90 days or more), which reached a total of Ch$236,730 million as of December 31, 2013. This annual increase was principally fostered by higher delinquency in our retail banking segment, in connection with greater balances of past-due loans (90 days or more) associated with SMEs and, to a lesser extent, individual banking. This trend was the result of an economic cycle that showed certain signs of slowdown in 2013, especially in investment rates, after three years of sustained growth, with annual GDP expansion rates above 5.0%. However, given our focus on maintaining healthy asset quality, we have tightened the entire credit process, from assessment to collection, in order to control the overall level of delinquency in our total loan book. All in all, our delinquency ratio (loans 90 days or more past-due over total loans) increased from 0.97% in 2012 to 1.13% in 2013, though continued to compare very favorably with that of our peers. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Classification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrower’s Payment Performance”.

Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth information regarding our operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      % Increase (Decrease)  
     2012      2013      2014      2012/2013     2013/2014  
IFRS:    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)      %  

Personnel expenses

   Ch$ 309,865       Ch$ 323,236       Ch$ 384,512         4.3     19.0

Administrative expenses:

             

Advertising

     30,572         29,053         29,431         (5.0     1.3   

Building maintenance

     29,332         28,067         30,368         (4.3     8.2   

Rentals and insurance

     22,486         23,297         24,861         3.6        6.7   

Office supplies

     6,346         8,375         8,350         32.0        (0.3

Other expenses

     158,723         163,710         177,527         3.1        8.4   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total administrative expenses

     247,459         252,502         270,537         2.0        7.1   

Depreciation and amortization

     35,146         27,677         32,787         (21.3     18.5   

Impairments

     899         2,247         2,085         149.9        (7.2

Other operating expenses

     19,565         13,868         37,439         (29.1     170.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   Ch$ 612,934       Ch$ 619,530       Ch$ 727,360         1.1     17.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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2013 and 2014. Our operating expenses were Ch$727,360 million in 2014, a 17.4% annual increase as compared to the Ch$619,530 million recorded in the previous year. This annual increase involved diverse non-recurring effects, including the impact of shifts in market factors as well as recurrent business operations. Accordingly, the annual increase in operating expenses was mainly attributable to:

 

 

Non-recurring personnel expenses of approximately Ch$45,105 million in 2014 as compared to 2013. This amount was related to special bonuses granted to our staff as a result of the collective bargaining agreements reached with most of our unions during 2014. These negotiations concluded with four-year collective bargaining agreements that reflect the positive relationships with our workforce.

 

 

Recurring personnel expenses that increased from Ch$323,236 million in 2013 to Ch$339,407 million in 2014 (total amount of Ch$384,512 million less non-recurring personnel expenses of Ch$45,105 million as mentioned above), representing a 5.0% annual increase. The growth in recurring personnel expenses was aligned with inflation, which (measured as CPI variation) recorded an increase of 4.6% in 2014 and prompted salary adjustments.

 

 

Administrative expenses that grew by 7.1% on an annual basis, from Ch$252,502 million in 2013 to Ch$270,537 million in 2014. This annual increase of Ch$18,035 million was mainly caused by: (i) higher IT and communications expenses of approximately Ch$5,520 million, as a result of internal developments and licenses; (ii) an annual increase of roughly Ch$3,104 million in expenses related to outsourced workforce, primarily associated with internal IT projects; (iii) building maintenance expenses that increased by approximately 8.2% (or Ch$2,301 million) for the year, as a result of permanent maintenance to our branch network and headquarter buildings, as well as opening and closing of branches throughout the country; (iv) other branch-related expenses (rentals, insurance and services) that increased by approximately Ch$2,306 million in 2014 as compared to 2013; and (v) general administrative expenses that increased by nearly Ch$4,060 million in 2014 as compared to 2013.

 

 

Other operating expenses that increased by approximately Ch$23,571 million in 2014 as compared to 2013. This was the consequence of the recognition of higher charges associated with write-offs of assets received in lieu of payment and the establishment of contingency allowances that are not related to lending matters.

2012 and 2013. In 2013 our total operating expenses were Ch$619,530 million. This represented a moderate annual increase of 1.1% when compared to the Ch$612,934 million reported in 2012. This increase was principally caused by:

 

 

An annual increase of 4.3% (or Ch$13,371 million) in personnel expenses, which was mainly related to the recognition of inflation in salaries and the expansion of 1.0% in headcount. Furthermore, we recorded higher other personnel expenses associated with training activities and general benefits to our staff.

 

 

Administrative expenses that increased by 2.0% (or Ch$5,043 million) on an annual basis, principally as a consequence of: (i) office supplies expenses that increased by 32.0% (or Ch$2,026 million) on a yearly basis, mainly related to the purchase of password-generating devices for electronic money transfers carried out by customers, (ii) IT expenses that rose by 3.7% (or Ch$1,795 million) due to higher expenses in on-going projects and internal developments, and (iii) rentals and insurance expenses that increased by 3.6% (or Ch$811 million) on an annual basis, mainly due to market trends in real estate across the country.

 

 

The above factors were partly offset by a decrease of 29.1% (or Ch$5,697 million) in other operating expenses, mainly explained by higher operational write-offs recognized in 2012.

Income Tax

Under Law No. 19,396 we are permitted to deduct dividend payments made to SAOS from our taxable income. Consequently, our effective tax rate is lower than the statutory corporate income tax rate because of the deduction of these dividend payments from our taxable income. Additionally, but to a lesser extent, differences in the tax treatment for monetary correction, as well as provisions on individual loans and for charge-offs related to past-due loans, have an impact on our effective tax rate through deferred taxes. Finally, until 2014 all real estate taxes paid on properties that are leased to customers were deductible from our taxable income as a tax credit. However, in light of the tax reform approved in 2014, for the year ended December 31, 2015 only 50% of these kinds of taxes can be deducted from our taxable income. From 2016 onwards, no tax credits will allowed from taxes paid on leased properties. For more information, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations—Tax Reform Law N° 20,780.”

 

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On July 31, 2010, the Chilean congress enacted Law No. 20,455 in response to the February 27, 2010 earthquake, which temporarily increased the statutory corporate income tax rates from 17.0% to 20.0% for the year ending December 31, 2011 and 18.5% for the year ending December 31, 2012, returning to 17.0% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Nevertheless, in 2012 the government submitted a tax reform bill to the congress, which was passed on September 27, 2012 (Law No. 20,633), establishing a new statutory corporate income tax rate of 20.0% from 2012 onwards.

On April 1, 2014 the recently assembled government sent to the Chilean congress a tax reform bill. Among other matters, the bill contemplated a gradual increase in the statutory corporate tax rate over a four year period. The bill was finally passed in September 2014, including changes to the statutory corporate tax rate and modifications for personal taxation purposes, particularly associated with dividends related taxes affecting both local and foreign investors. In summary, the tax reform gradually increases the statutory corporate tax rate between 2014 and 2018 while establishing two alternative tax regimes from 2017 onwards: (i) the Semi-Integrated regime and (ii) the Attribution regime. The tax reform increases the statutory corporate tax rate from 20.0% in 2013 to 21.0% in 2014, 22.5% in 2015 and 24.0% in 2016. From 2017 onwards, the statutory corporate tax rate will depend on the tax regime selected by the company’s owners. If the Semi-Integrated regime is selected, the company will be subject to a statutory corporate tax rate of 25.5% in 2017 and 27.0% from 2018 onwards. If, instead, the Attribution regime is selected, the company will be subject to a corporate tax rate of 25.0% from 2017 onwards. The regime chosen by owners or shareholders of the company will have an effect on the taxes paid by both local and foreign holders of shares or ADS. For more information, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks relating to Chile—Recent changes in the Chilean Tax System could impact the profitability of investments held by foreign and local investors.” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations—Tax Reform Law N° 20,780.”

2013 and 2014. Our income tax expense was Ch$79,685 million in 2014, which represented a 10.6% annual decrease from the Ch$89,085 million recorded in 2013. In spite of the increase in the statutory corporate tax rate, prompted by the recently approved tax reform, from 20.0% in 2013 to 21.5% in 2014, as well as the annual increase of 5.6% in our income before income tax within the same period, we benefited from the tax reform as a result of our deferred taxes. In fact, the incremental tax rate for the upcoming years positively affected our deferred taxes, since future expenses (such as loan charge-offs) may be deducted from our taxable income base at a higher tax rate. This effect amounted to approximately Ch$$12,284 million and—together with inflation—explained the reduction in the effective tax rate from 13.9% in 2013 to 11.8% in 2014. The recently enacted tax reform establishes the cash basis regime as the default scheme; however, it allows shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting to vote for the implementation of the accrued earning system in 2016. Accordingly, the effect on deferred taxes was calculated by assuming the default scenario.

2012 and 2013. Our income tax expense was Ch$89,085 in 2013, representing a 39.4% annual increase from the Ch$63,928 million recorded in 2012. This annual increase resulted in a higher effective tax rate of 13.9% in 2013 as compared to 11.8% in 2012. This was primarily the result of a low basis for comparison in 2012, since we obtained non-recurring tax benefits associated with our deferred taxes due to the increase in the statutory corporate tax rate as enacted in 2012, as explained above.

Business Segments

To the extent that it is available and because we believe it is useful in analyzing our results, we have included information on a consolidated basis by business segments, disclosed under our Internal Reporting Policies. A summary of differences between IFRS and our Internal Reporting Policies is presented under “—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS.”

For management purposes, we have organized our operations and commercial strategies into four business segments, which are defined according to the type of products and services offered to target customers. These business segments are:

Retail Banking: This segment is focused on individuals and small and medium-sized companies whose annual sales do not exceed Ch$1,600 million. The segment’s value proposition is primarily focused on consumer loans, commercial loans, current accounts, credit cards, credit lines and mortgage loans.

 

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Wholesale Banking: This segment is focused on corporate clients and large companies whose annual sales exceed Ch$1,600 million. This segment offers products and services focused on commercial loans, current accounts, cash management services, debt instruments, foreign trade, derivative contracts and leases, as well as corporate finance transactions.

Treasury and Money Market: The revenue generated by this segment relates to the management of our liquidity and net positions subject to market risks. This segment also includes the results of our securities portfolio, our derivatives positions and currency trading.

Operations through subsidiaries: This segment includes all companies controlled by us whose results are obtained individually by the respective company. As of December 31, 2014, this business segment consisted of:

 

 

Banchile Trade Services Limited;

 

 

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.;

 

 

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.;

 

 

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.;

 

 

Socofin S.A.; and

 

 

Promarket S.A.

On June 19, 2013, Banco de Chile acquired all of the shares of Banchile Factoring S.A. owned by Banchile Asesoría Financiera. As a result of this transaction, Banco de Chile fully acquired the assets and liabilities of Banchile Factoring S.A. and on June 30, 2013 this subsidiary was dissolved.

During 2014, we began a voluntary dissolution process for Banchile Trade Services Limited in Hong Kong. We expect to complete this process before the end of 2015.

The accounting policies described in the summary of accounting principles in “—Critical Accounting Policies” apply to all business segments. Matters such as the evaluation of segment performance and decision-making processes regarding goals and allocation of resources for each segment are based on a cost-benefit analysis and are aligned with our overall strategic goals.

In order to measure each segment’s financial performance, we use a business segment-based profitability system, which allows us to obtain information for each business segment relative to income, balances, revenues and expenses, among other indicators. This system has been internally developed in order to serve our specific requirements and we continuously work to improve it. In addition, business segment information is subject to general internal auditing procedures to ensure its integrity and usefulness for management decision-making.

The financial information used to measure the performance of our business segments is not necessarily comparable with similar information from other financial institutions because it is based on our internal reporting policies. The accounting policies used to prepare our operating segment information are similar to those described in Note 2(af) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report, except as noted below:

 

 

The net interest margin of loans and deposits is measured on an individual transaction and individual client basis, due to the difference between the effective individual transaction rate and our related fund transfer price in terms of maturity, re-pricing and currency.

 

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The results associated with gap management (interest rate and currency mismatches) are allocated to the business segments in proportion to the loans and demand deposits managed by each segment.

 

 

For purposes of allocating the effect of funding through capital and reserves, the internal performance profitability system considers capital allocation in each segment in accordance with Basel guidelines.

 

 

In addition to direct costs (consisting mainly of labor and administrative expenses of the business segments), we allocate all of our direct and indirect operating costs of back office and support units to each business segment by utilizing the most relevant business driver to assign such costs to a specific segment.

 

 

We apply Chilean GAAP, as required by the SBIF, when measuring and recording allowances for loan losses, assets received in lieu of payments, minimum dividend allowances and other minor items for internal reporting purposes. These accounting principles differ in certain respects from IFRS. A description of these differences is presented below under “—Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS.”

Net Income by Business Segment

The following table sets forth income before income tax by business segment in accordance with our internal reporting policies for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,      % Increase (Decrease)  
BANK’S INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES:    2012      2013      2014      2012/2013     2013/2014  
     (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)      %  

Retail banking

   Ch$ 250,283       Ch$ 303,235       Ch$ 284,379         21.2     (6.2 )% 

Wholesale banking

     214,151         247,406         289,752         15.5     17.1

Treasury and Money Market

     22,819         10,096         42,441         (55.8 )%      320.4

Subsidiaries

     34,748         32,802         34,036         (5.6 )%      3.8

Other

     —           —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before Income tax

   Ch$ 522,001       Ch$ 593,539       Ch$ 650,608         13.7     9.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Retail Banking

2013 and 2014. Our Retail Banking segment recorded income before income tax of Ch$284,379 million in 2014, which represented a 6.2% annual decrease when compared to the Ch$303,235 million recorded in 2013. The annual decrease in income before income tax was mainly caused by credit risk and operating expenses increasing more than the expansion in operating revenues. Hence, the performance of our retail banking segment principally relied on:

 

 

Operating expenses that increased 16.6%, mainly as a result of non-recurring charges. As mentioned earlier, during 2014 we renegotiated most of our collective bargaining agreements. As a result, a significant portion of this non-recurring item (Ch$45,105 million for the Bank as a whole) was charged in this segment, since it is the largest unit by number of employees. In addition, personnel expenses, as well as some other items associated with third-party providers, internal developments and other line items, are indexed to inflation. Accordingly, part of the increase in operating expenses reflected the impact of higher inflation in 2014 (CPI variation of 4.6%).

 

 

An annual increase of 14.4% in provisions for loans losses. This increase was in line with both environmental and non-recurring factors, such as: (i) the loan book expansion displayed by the segment with average loans growing by 11.3% on an annual basis, particularly focused on higher-income individuals; (ii) the slowdown evidenced by the Chilean economy together with downward expectations on the economic outlook, all of which led the Bank to be more cautious in credit risk matters; and (iii) higher additional provisions allocated to this segment in comparison with the amount allocated last year, due to the establishment of additional allowances.

 

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The factors mentioned above were partially offset by a 8.5% annual increase in operating revenues. This increase was explained by mixed forces, as follows:

 

 

The positive effect of higher inflation that (measured as UF variation) increased by 5.65% in 2014 as compared to 2.05% in 2013, which increased the contribution of the UF net asset exposure allocated to the segment. This effect, together with a favorable repricing effect on Ch$ interest bearing liabilities, prompted a 13.5% rise in the net interest income of the segment.

 

 

An annual decrease of 10.4% in net fees and commissions. This was explained by both commercial decisions and the effect of regulations impacting certain businesses related to this segment. As for the former, the segment made certain decisions in order to promote the usage of credit cards, which resulted in lower fees associated with this product. Regarding the latter, insurance brokerage fees, which are an important source of revenues for this segment (in both life and casualty), were impacted by regulations requiring the reimbursement of unused premium policies, due to early termination.

2012 and 2013. The income before income tax of our Retail Banking segment was Ch$303,235 million in 2013, which was 21.2% over the Ch$250,283 million recorded in 2012. The annual performance of this segment took place amid new regulations that put pressure on the individual banking business by cutting interest rate ceilings, reducing margins in insurance brokerage and empowering banking customers. Nevertheless, we believe that our Retail Banking segment could overcome these trends by improving segmentation, enhancing transactional services and –more importantly– growing selectively. The main reason behind the increase in the segment’s income before income tax was the 9.6% annual increase in operating revenues, principally fostered by:

 

 

A loan book that maintained a growth trend by increasing year-end and average loans balances by 10.9% and 12.2%, respectively, on an annual basis. These volume trends corresponded to lending spreads that slightly dropped in 2013 as compared to 2012. The segment’s loan growth was mainly associated with the expansion in the middle and upper income segments of Individual Banking (annual increase of 13.1% in average loans) and SMEs (annual increase of 12.6% in average loans). Conversely, based on our less positive and riskier outlook for the consumer finance business, we tightened the entire credit process, thereby causing a slowdown in loans managed by our Consumer Division, as shown by average loans increasing 3.9% on an annual basis.

 

 

A sustained upward trend in non-interest bearing liabilities. In this regard, the average balances of current accounts and demand deposits handled by this segment recorded a 12.2% annual increase, which had a positive impact on the profitability of interest earning assets funded with these kinds of deposits. The expansion in volumes compensated for the cuts in the monetary policy interest rate.

 

 

Higher contribution from the UF net asset position allocated to the segment, due to a greater exposure to UF-indexed assets and more convenient funding associated with Ch$-denominated liabilities, rather than higher UF variation.

 

 

These factors more than offset a 2.1% decrease in fees and commissions that was largely explained by lower fee income from insurance brokerage and a negative exchange rate effect in expenses related to the customer loyalty program for credit cards due to an increase in the Ch$/U.S.$ exchange rate.

The increase in operating revenues enabled us to more than offset a 12.8% annual increase in provisions for loan losses. The increase in credit risk charges was largely explained by the increase of 12.2% in average loans managed by the segment, in conjunction with greater countercyclical provisions that were partly allocated to this segment in 2013 as compared to 2012.

Wholesale Banking

2013 and 2014. Our Wholesale Banking segment recorded a 17.1% annual increase in income before income tax, from Ch$247,406 million in 2013 to Ch$289,752 million in 2014. In spite of the moderate loan book expansion, this segment benefited from exogenous factors as well as non-recurring events that boosted operating revenues by 19.1% on an annual basis. This performance in revenues was mainly steered by:

 

 

An annual increase of 25.2% in net interest income. This increase was primarily attributable to: (i) a positive inflation effect associated with the UF net asset position allocated to this segment and the previously mentioned behavior of the UF (measure of inflation) over the last two years; (ii) a favorable repricing effect on the Ch$ interest bearing liabilities given the easing policy undertaken by the Central Bank, which reduced the monetary policy interest rate from 4.5% to 3.0% between 2013 and 2014; (iii) non-recurring revenues associated with the early settlement of one commercial loan; and (iv) loan growth reflected by average balances that increased 4.2% annually.

 

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The factors mentioned above permitted the segment to effectively deal with a 5.4% annual decrease in net fees and commissions, mainly attributable to lower fee-based income from credits and factoring. This was aligned with the tempered expansion in the segment’s loan book.

The solid trend followed by revenues permitted the segment to successfully cope with provisions for loan losses climbing by 30.5% and operating expenses increasing by 17.8%, both on an annual basis. Regarding credit risk charges, the annual increase was primarily explained by: (i) a negative exchange rate effect on the U.S.$-denominated provisions for loan losses (mostly linked to this segment) associated with a higher Ch$ depreciation in 2014 (15.3%) as compared to 2013 (9.6%); (ii) the allocation of the higher additional allowances set during 2014 in order to face a complex business environment; and (iii) a low basis for comparison related to a significant allowance release in 2013, associated with the improvement in the financial condition of one customer. Regarding operating expenses, the annual increase was mostly explained by the same drivers mentioned in the case of the Retail Banking segment, such as the special bonus granted to our workforce, as a consequence of the collective bargaining agreements signed this year, and the impact of inflation on UF-indexed expenses.

Finally, for the year ended December 31, 2014 there were no material effects associated with sales of loan portfolios.

2012 and 2013. Our Wholesale Banking segment recorded income before income tax of Ch$247,406 million in 2013, an annual increase of 15.5% as compared to the Ch$214,151 million recorded a year earlier. In 2013 this segment faced intense competition from local banking players, but also from international debt markets where Chilean companies increasingly raised funds by taking advantage of low international interest rates and the country’s credit rating. Despite this competitive environment, our Wholesale Banking segment was able to achieve this significant increase in income before income tax by prioritizing growth in those businesses with favorable fair risk-return relationship and in which we had room to increase penetration.

The significant increase in the segment’s income before income tax was mainly attributable to an annual expansion of 19.1% in operating revenues, primarily caused by:

 

 

Loans that expanded 11.6% in year-end balances and 5.5% in average balances, both on an annual basis. As mentioned earlier, loan growth was largely fostered by higher penetration of Large Companies and Real Estate, for which average loans increased by 14.2% on a yearly basis, somewhat due to short-term financing loans granted in the fourth quarter of 2013. Conversely, average loans managed by our Corporate Banking (annual turnover above Ch$70,000 million) decreased 4.0% on an annual basis. It is important to mention that loan growth in our Wholesale Banking segment encompassed the acquisition of a portfolio of commercial loans amounting to approximately Ch$500,000 million.

 

 

A positive impact on revenues from the funding with non-interest bearing liabilities. Similar to the Retail Banking segment, average balances of current account and demand deposits held by the Wholesale Banking segment posted a 7.4% annual increase. Once again, this increase in volumes enabled us to more than offset the negative effect of a monetary policy interest rate that was cut twice (by 25 bp each time) in 2013, which affected the contribution of these liabilities as sources of funding.

 

 

A higher contribution from our UF net asset position. This was prompted by an enlarged UF asset exposure and better funding conditions with Ch$-denominated interest bearing liabilities, rather than an increase in inflation in 2013 as compared to 2012 (UF variation was 2.45% in 2012 and 2.05% in 2013).

The above factors enabled the Wholesale Banking segment to offset an annual increase of approximately Ch$30,400 million in provisions for loan losses. This increase was composed of: (i) a negative exchange rate effect of approximately Ch$13,400 million, due to a decrease of 7.8% in the exchange rate (Ch$/U.S.$) in 2012 and an increase of 9.6% in 2013, (ii) nearly Ch$12,700 million related to the deteriorated credit condition of a specific corporate customer in 2013 and (iii) the allocation of higher countercyclical allowances set in 2013.

 

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For the year ended December 31, 2013 there were no material effects associated with sales of loan portfolios.

Treasury and Money Market

2013 and 2014. Our Treasury and Money Market segment posted income before income tax of Ch$42,441 million in 2014, which compared favorably to the Ch$10,096 million recorded in 2013. This performance was mainly associated with operating revenues increasing from Ch$16,307 million in 2013 to Ch$47,051 million in 2014. Therefore, this annual increase was mainly related to:

 

 

A positive effect of inflation on the accrual of UF-indexed financial instruments held in our investment portfolio. As mentioned earlier, this was the result of a 5.65% annual increase in the value of the UF, as compared to the 2.05% recorded a year earlier.

 

 

Sales of available for sale instruments that amounted to Ch$18,102 million in 2014 as compared to Ch$14,881 million in 2013. In this regard, we took advantage of cumulative mark-to-market of AFS securities generated over the year, as a result of lower interest rates.

 

 

Lower losses from derivative contracts held for trading, as a result of a positive FX impact, primarily associated with decreasing liability exposures amid a scenario of increasing Ch$ depreciation. This effect permitted us to offset the impact of higher losses related to counterparty value adjustment in 2014 as compared to 2013, as well as the ineffectiveness of hedging.

The above factors were complemented by better performance in operating expenses, which declined from Ch$6,353 million in 2013 to Ch$4,660 million in 2014.

2012 and 2013. In 2013, the income before income tax of our Treasury posted a 55.8% annual decrease from Ch$22,819 million in 2012 to Ch$10,096 million earned in 2013. The main reason for a reduced income before income tax was a similar annual decline of 50.2% in operating revenues, principally due to:

 

 

A decrease in other operating revenues by approximately Ch$20,400 million in 2013 as compared to 2012. This was principally the consequence of the previously mentioned one-off effect associated with the first time adoption of the credit value adjustment on derivatives.

 

 

Revenues from positions in assets held for trading that decreased by approximately Ch$5,900 million on a yearly basis. This lower performance had mainly to do with downward shifts in the CLP/CLF yield curve that affected our net positions in derivatives. Furthermore, upward changes in the CLP/USD yield curve contributed to lower results from our net on-shore/off-shore positions.

 

 

The above factors were partly offset by higher revenues from the management of our Available-for-Sale portfolio, as a result of net revenues from sales that amounted to approximately Ch$8,100 million in 2012 as compared to Ch$14,900 in 2013.

Operations through Subsidiaries

2013 and 2014. Our subsidiaries recorded income before income tax of Ch$34,036 for the year ended December 31, 2014, which was 3.8% above the Ch$32,802 million reported in 2013. The main drivers supporting this performance were:

 

 

An annual increase of approximately 28.2% (or Ch$4,040 million) in income before income tax generated by our Mutual Funds subsidiary. This increase was caused by a 21.0% annual increase in AUM, which permitted the subsidiary to achieve a market share of 22.5% as of December 31, 2014. Also, the expansion in business volumes enabled the subsidiary to offset lower margins associated with portfolio rebalancing that increased the share of fixed-income securities.

 

 

A Ch$1,798 million increase in income before income tax in our Financial Advisory subsidiary. This performance was related to important transactions conducted by our subsidiary in diverse aspects of the business, ranging from debt restructuring to mergers and acquisitions. As a result, the subsidiary’s operating revenues increased by Ch$2,195 million in 2014 as compared to 2013, which explained most of the change in income before income tax.

 

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These positive factors were partially offset by the following factors:

 

 

An annual decrease of nearly Ch$3,158 million in the income before income tax generated by our Insurance Brokerage subsidiary in 2014 as compared to 2013. As mentioned before, the insurance brokerage business has been under pressure over the last few years due to various regulations that have impacted operating margins. In particular, during 2014 the operating revenues of our Insurance Brokerage Subsidiary were hit by a regulation that compels insurance brokers to reimburse the non-used portion of an insurance policy in case of early termination of the contract (whether linked to loans or not), for all of those policies paid upfront by the customer. Furthermore, our Insurance Brokerage Subsidiary posted an annual increase of roughly Ch$1,754 in operating expenses.

 

 

A yearly decrease of approximately 12.0% (or Ch$1,325 million) in the income before income tax of our Securities Brokerage subsidiary. The annual increase recorded in stock trading turnover (38.6% on an annual basis) and higher income from currency trading could not offset the increase in the cost base. This was mainly explained by personnel expenses rising by 5.6% on an annual basis, which is aligned with the inflation observed throughout the year.

Finally, it is worth mentioning that in 2014 we began a voluntary dissolution process for Banchile Trade Services Limited in Hong Kong. We expect to complete this process before the end of 2015.

2012 and 2013. Our subsidiaries reported income before income tax of Ch$32,802 million in 2013 as compared to the Ch$34,748 million recorded in 2012. This represented an annual decrease of 5.6%, which was primarily the consequence of:

 

 

An annual decline of 11.4% (or Ch$1,841 million) in income before income tax from our Mutual Funds subsidiary. This decline was explained by unfavorable customer preferences rather than growth in AUM. In fact, this subsidiary continued to lead the market in terms of AUM in 2013 by attaining a 21.3% market share as of December 31, 2013. This market position was supported by a 3.8% annual increase in average balances of AUM. However, the company was not been able to completely overcome the evolution of market trends, especially those associated with higher volatility in stock markets that encouraged investors to seek havens in fixed-income, which bear lower commissions than mutual funds invested in stocks. Also, organizational restructuring contributed to a temporary increase in the company’s cost base.

 

 

A 9.9% (or Ch$1,211 million) annual decrease in earnings before income tax recorded by our Stock Brokerage subsidiary. In 2013, this company recorded an annual increase in stock trading turnover of approximately 5.3%, which enabled it to rank second in the local market with a 10.0% market share. This promoted higher revenues from stock and fixed-income trading in 2013. However, performance in these businesses was not high enough to offset lower results from currency trading and other line items.

The factors mentioned above were partly offset by better performance of our Insurance Brokerage subsidiary, which recorded a 37.0% (or Ch$1,313 million) annual rise in income before income tax. These higher results were associated with a 4.0% annual increase in written premiums, based on positive market trends in consumption, demand for credits and traveling.

Summary of Differences between Internal Reporting Policies and IFRS

We prepare our business segments’ financial information in accordance with our internal reporting policies, which differ in certain significant aspects from IFRS. The following table sets forth net income and equity for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in accordance with our internal reporting policies and under IFRS:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Income before income tax (Internal Reporting Policies)

   Ch$ 522,001      Ch$ 593,539      Ch$ 650,608   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     21,808        45,735         24,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before income tax (IFRS)

     543,809        639,274        675,204   

Net income (Internal Reporting Policies)

     467,611        513,603        591,081   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     12,270        36,586         4,438   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income (IFRS)

     479,881        550,189         595,519   

Equity (Internal Reporting Policies)

     2,007,059        2,284,316        2,535,156   

Reconciliation to IFRS

     348,403        394,723         375,819   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity (IFRS)

   Ch$ 2,355,462      Ch$ 2,679,039      Ch$ 2,910,975   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Some differences exist between our net income and equity as determined in accordance with our internal reporting policies, which are used for management reporting purposes, as presented in the segment information, and our net income and equity as determined under IFRS, as presented in our consolidated financial statements.

The most significant differences are as follows:

Under internal reporting policies, our merger with Citibank Chile was accounted for under the pooling of interest method, while under IFRS, and for external financial reporting purposes, the merger of the two banks was accounted for as a business combination in which we were the acquirer as required by IFRS 3 “Business Combinations.” Under IFRS 3, we recognized all acquired net assets at fair value as determined at the acquisition date, as well as the goodwill resulting from the purchase price consideration in excess of net assets recognized. As a result of these accounting policy differences, the impact on our net income under IFRS is Ch$3,848 million, Ch$1,828 million and Ch$1,308 million lower than our internally reported net income in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The equity impact was Ch$40,699 million, Ch$38,414 million and Ch$36,128 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014.

For internal reporting purposes, allowances for loan losses are calculated based on specific guidelines set by the SBIF based on an expected losses approach. Under IFRS, IAS 39 “Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement,” allowances for loan losses should be adequate to cover losses in the loan portfolio at the respective balance sheet dates based on an analysis of estimated future cash flows. According to internal reporting policies, we record additional allowances related to expected losses not yet incurred, whereas under IFRS these expected losses may not be recognized. As a result of these accounting policy differences, the impact on our net income under IFRS is Ch$21,081 million, Ch$19,882 million and Ch$27,045 million higher than our net income internally reported in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The equity impact was Ch$169,209 million, Ch$193,626 million and Ch$220,671 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

For internal reporting purposes, assets received in lieu of payments are measured at historical cost or fair value, less cost to sell, if lower, on a portfolio basis and written off if not sold after a certain period in accordance with specific guidelines set by the SBIF. Under IFRS, these assets are deemed non-current assets held for sale and their accounting treatment is set by IFRS 5 “on-Current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.” In accordance with IFRS 5 these assets are measured at historical cost or fair value, less cost to sell, if lower. Accordingly, under IFRS these assets are not written off unless impaired. As a result of this accounting policy difference, the impact on our net income is Ch$2,889 million and Ch$2,185 million higher than our net income internally reported in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In 2014 the impact on our net income is Ch$13,867 million lower than our net income internally reported. The equity impact was Ch$13,835 million, Ch$16,020 million and Ch$2,153 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance under IFRS for all fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not change when an entity is required to use fair value, but rather provides guidance on how to measure fair value under IFRS when fair value is required or permitted.

The application of IFRS 13 has impacted fair value measurements related to derivatives by including the Bank’s own credit risk (commonly referred as to “Debit Value Adjustment”). During this period this impact was Ch$14,012 million, and is the extent to which our net income under IFRS is higher than our net income internally reported. Nevertheless, the final impact on equity due to this recognition was Ch$33,101 million in 2014, since Ch$19,089 million had already been recorded in previous periods.

 

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The differences described above had an impact on deferred taxes of Ch$9,538 million, Ch$9,626 million and Ch$20,158 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, each lower than our net income internally reported. The equity impact was Ch$42,582 million, Ch$52,207 million and Ch$71,889 million in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Chilean banks are required to distribute at least 30% of their net income to shareholders unless the shareholders unanimously approve the retention of profits. A bank may, however, be prohibited from distributing to shareholders even this 30% of its net income if such distribution would cause the bank to violate certain statutory capital requirements. In accordance with internal reporting policies, we record a minimum dividend allowance based on our distribution policy, which requires distribution of at least 70% of the period’s net income, as permitted by the SBIF. During 2012, 2013, and 2014, the Bank recorded allowances of Ch$300,759 million, Ch$324,582 million and Ch$324,588 million, respectively. Under IFRS, only the portion of dividends that is required to be distributed by Chilean Law must be recorded, i.e., 30% as required by Chilean Corporations Law. This accounting difference does not lead to differences in net income.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

A sound liquidity strategy must be focused on ensuring that funds are available to honor our financial commitments when they are due and also to take advantage of attractive business opportunities. To accomplish this, we monitor funding liquidity (i.e., the ability to raise funds when they are needed without incurring abnormal costs) and trading liquidity (i.e., the ability to easily decrease debt instruments held in our portfolios and/or offset price risk positions generated by derivative transactions).

Liquidity risk can be technically broken down into two types of risks: trading liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk. Trading liquidity risk deals with the inability to decrease cash positions (bonds, loans, etc.) and/or offset price risks generated by derivatives transactions and funding liquidity risk is related to the our inability to raise funds. Both risks can lead to potentially adverse scenarios that might make the bank unable to meet its payment obligations and/or potential payment obligations when they become due.

These two risks are jointly managed but by utilizing different tools, as detailed below.

Trading Liquidity Risk Management

Holding a stake of debt instruments with deep secondary markets ensures trading liquidity. Central Bank and government instruments and short-term banks’ time deposits show these characteristics. These kinds of instruments are held in our trading portfolio and comprise some portion of the Available-for-Sale (“AFS”) portfolio. In addition, mortgage bonds issued by banks resident in Chile and corporate bonds are also part of the AFS portfolio.

Even though mortgage and corporate bonds show much less trading liquidity than Central Bank and government instruments, the former may be sold to the Central Bank under repurchase agreements. Government instruments and short-term banks’ time deposits can also be sold to the Central Bank under repurchase agreements.

Funding Liquidity Risk Management

Diversifying funding sources and avoiding a concentration of large fund providers or funding maturity dates are means to ensure funding liquidity. We diversify through the establishment of triggers that monitor concentrations of funding sources, maturities, currencies, etc. The aggregation of significant fund providers by currency is monitored as a percentage of our current liabilities.

In particular, our funding strategy aims to satisfy our customers’ needs and to enhance our product base offering while maintaining a prudent product diversification profile, currencies and maturities. We are focused on broadening the current core and diversified funding obtained through the retail banking business. In addition, we are continuously issuing either senior or subordinated bonds in order to match both the liquidity and the interest rate risk generated by our long-term loans.

 

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In addition to our own metrics in place to monitor liquidity, the Central Bank and the SBIF have established regulations regarding liquidity, which include: minimum reserve requirements for deposits, minimum “technical” reserve requirements and maximum expected outflows for the following 30 and 90 days.

The Central Bank has established a minimum reserve of 9.0% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits. The reserve requirement must be complied with separately by currency (Chilean Peso and foreign currencies).

In addition, we are subject to a “technical” reserve requirement applicable to all banks that operate in Chile. The daily balance of deposits and obligations payable on demand, except for obligations with other banks, may not exceed 2.5 times the amount of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. Deposits and obligations payable on demand include:

 

 

deposits in current accounts;

 

 

other demand deposits or obligations payable on demand and incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

 

savings deposits that allow unconditional withdrawals that bear a stated maturity; and

 

 

other deposits unconditionally payable immediately.

Chilean banks are not required, however, to maintain the minimum reserves referred to above for deposits and obligations subject to this “technical” reserve.

Chilean regulations also require that the expected outflows within the following 30 days not exceed the amount of a bank’s Basic Capital and the expected outflows within the following 90 days not exceed twice the amount of a bank’s Basic Capital. Expected outflows may include behavioral assumptions. Measurements must be made separately, by currency.

Mandatory metrics requested by the SBIF and other metrics developed by us utilizing internal models are prepared daily by independent units within the Corporate/Market Risk Management. These reports are submitted daily to the corresponding Treasury areas, which are in charge of overseeing and managing our liquidity. The Country Asset Liability Committee also monitors these metrics on a monthly basis.

Given our internal metrics and policies, we believe that our working capital is sufficient to meet our present needs.

Cash Flows

The tables below set forth our principal sources of cash. Our subsidiaries are not an important source of cash for us and therefore do not significantly affect our ability to meet our cash obligations. No legal, contractual or economic restrictions exist on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of loans or cash dividends as long as they abide by the regulations in the Chilean Corporations Law regarding loans to related parties and minimum dividend payments.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

   Ch$ (415,987    Ch$ (139,809    Ch$ (229,543

2013 and 2014. Net cash used in operating activities increased by Ch$89,734 million on an annual basis, from a net outflow of Ch$139,809 million in 2013 to a net outflow of Ch$229,543 million in 2014. The higher amount used in operating activities was mainly the result of: (i) a net decrease of Ch$1,447,159 million in the inflow from savings accounts and time deposits, given the change in the interest rates that encouraged customers to opt for liquidity, and (ii) a net increase of Ch$375,710 million in the outflow associated with loans granted to financial institutions. These factors were partially offset by: (i) a net decrease of Ch$1,257,728 million in the outflow related to loans granted to customers, in line with a lower loan book expansion in 2014 as compared to 2013, and (ii) a net increase of Ch$435,718 in the inflow from current accounts and demand deposits, fostered by a downward trend in interest rates and a higher preference for liquidity by customers.

 

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2012 and 2013. Net cash used in operating activities decreased by Ch$276,178 million in 2013 as compared to 2012. This net decrease was mainly caused by a net increase of Ch$306,939 million in the inflow from higher balances of saving accounts and time deposits and a net decrease of Ch$297,091 million in the outflow associated with loans granted by the Bank, to customers but especially to financial institutions. These factors were partly offset by (i) an annual net increase of Ch$275,365 million in the outflow associated with higher investment in assets held-for-trading, (ii) an annual higher net outflow of Ch$113,488 million associated with other operating assets and liabilities, (iii) lower inflow linked to a decrease of Ch$89,904 million in net income (adjusted by items that do not represent cash flows) and (iv) an annual decrease of Ch$63,426 million related to lower inflows coming from balances of current accounts and demand deposits.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   Ch$ 192,351       Ch$ (409,235    Ch$ 49,226   

2013 and 2014. Net cash provided by investing activities increased from a net outflow of Ch$409,235 million in 2013 to a net inflow of Ch$49,226 million in 2014. This net increase of Ch$458,461 million was primarily explained by an annual net decrease of Ch$464,387 million in the balance of financial assets available for sale, given by a net outflow (balance increase) of Ch$387,578 million in 2013 as compared to a net inflow (balance decrease) of Ch$76,809 million in 2014. This change was mainly caused by purchases that exceeded sales of available for sale instruments in 2013, as compared to sales surpassing purchases in 2014.

2012 and 2013. The net cash used in investing activities changed from a net inflow of Ch$192,351 million in 2012 to a net outflow of Ch$409,235 million in 2013. The annual change of Ch$601,586 million was primarily caused by an annual net increase in the balance of financial assets available for sale that resulted in a net outflow of Ch$387,578 million in 2013 as compared to the inflow of Ch$219,403 million in 2012, due to sales that exceeded purchases in that year.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Net cash provided by financing activities

   Ch$ 48,087       Ch$ 770,865       Ch$ 377,531   

2013 and 2014. The net cash provided by financing activities decreased from Ch$770,865 million in 2013 to Ch$377,531 million in 2014. This net annual decrease of Ch$393,334 million was mainly prompted by: (i) a net outflow of Ch$973,584 million associated with lower proceeds from long-term bond issuances, given a decrease in bond placements in 2014 as compared to 2013, and higher redemptions of long-term bonds within the same period, (ii) a net outflow of Ch$172,126 million owing to higher payments of long-term bonds in 2014 vis-à-vis 2013, and (iii) a net outflow of Ch$134,071 million explained by the subscription and payment of shares for the same amount in 2013 as compared to no inflows or outflows related to this item in 2014. All of these factors were partly offset by a net inflow of Ch$580,420 related to higher proceeds from commercial paper issuances in 2014 as compared to 2013.

2012 and 2013. The net cash provided by financing activities increased from Ch$48,087 million in 2012 to Ch$770,865 million in 2013. The annual increase of Ch$722,778 million was mainly due to: (i) a net annual increase of Ch$893,869 million related to higher inflows coming from new long-term foreign borrowings and lower payments for the same kinds of obligations and (ii) a net higher inflow of Ch$379,788 million related to an increase in proceeds from bond issuances. These factors were partly offset by a net outflow associated with borrowings from financial institutions that decreased by Ch$465,628 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.

 

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Borrowings

Borrowings are described as short-term when they have original maturities of less than one year or are due on demand. All other borrowings are described as long-term, including the short-term portion of any long-term borrowings.

 

    As of December 31, 2012     As of December 31, 2013     As of December 31, 2014  
IFRS:   Long-term     Short-term     Total     Long-term     Short-term     Total     Long-term     Short-term     Total  
    (in millions of Ch$)  

Borrowings from financial institutions:

                 

Central Bank credit lines for renegotiation of loans

  Ch$ 18        —        Ch$ 18      Ch$ 10        —        Ch$ 10      Ch$ 9      Ch$ —        Ch$ 9   

Other borrowings from the Central Bank

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Borrowings from foreign institutions

    168,450        940,213        1,108,663        131,649        857,806        989,455        15,165        1,083,542        1,098,707   

Debt issued:

                 

Bonds

    2,214,893        —          2,214,893        3,323,413        —          3,323,413        3,844,987        —          3,844,987   

Commercial papers (short-term bonds)

    —          197,340        197,340        —          210,049        210,049        —          378,060        378,060   

Subordinated bonds

    746,504        —          746,504        747,007        —          747,007        770,595        —          770,595   

Mortgage finance bonds

    115,196        —          115,196        86,491        —          86,491        64,314        —          64,314   

Other financial obligations

    55,585        106,538        162,123        50,314        160,612        210,926        44,844        141,729        186,573   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other interest bearing liabilities

  Ch$ 3,300,646      Ch$ 1,244,091      Ch$ 4,544,737      Ch$ 4,338,884      Ch$ 1,228,467      Ch$ 5,567,351      Ch$ 4,739,914      Ch$ 1,603,331      Ch$ 6,343,245   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The Bank was in material compliance with all of its debt instruments during 2012, 2013 and 2014.

 

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Central Bank Borrowings

Central Bank borrowings include credit lines for the renegotiation of loans and other borrowings. The Central Bank provided credit lines for the renegotiation of mortgage loans due to the need to refinance debts as a result of the economic recession and crisis of the Chilean banking system from 1982 to 1985. These credit lines are linked to the UF index and carry an average real annual interest rate of 0.86% as of December 31, 2014. As of the same date, the maturities of the outstanding balances were, as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     9   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     —     

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     —     

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     —     

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     —     

Due after 5 years

     —     
  

 

 

 

Total long-term (Credit lines for renegotiation of loans)

     —     

Total short-term (Other Central Bank borrowings)

     —     
  

 

 

 

Total Central Bank borrowings

     9   
  

 

 

 

Borrowings from Domestic Financial Institutions

Borrowings from domestic financial institutions are generally used to fund our general operations. As of December 31, 2014 we did not have any outstanding borrowings from domestic financial institutions.

Borrowings from Foreign Financial Institutions

We have short- and long-term borrowings from foreign banks. These loans are denominated in foreign currency and are used to fund our foreign trade loans and carried an average nominal interest rate of 0.66% in the year ended December 31, 2014. The outstanding maturities of these borrowings as of December 31, 2014 were, as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     15,165   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     —     

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     —     

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     —     

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     —     

Due after 5 years

     —     

Total long-term

     15,165   

Total short-term(1)

     1,083,542   
  

 

 

 

Total foreign borrowings

     1,098,707   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes borrowings with maturities that were originally more than one year but which as of December 31, 2014 had remaining maturities of less than one year.

Bonds

Our bonds are linked to the UF index and carried an average real annual interest rate of 2.74% as of December 31, 2014 with interest and principal payments due semi-annually. The bonds were intended to finance loans that had a maturity of more than one year.

 

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The maturities of bonds as of December 31, 2014 were:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     650,903   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     404,547   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     298,520   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     418,991   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     553,638   

Due after 5 years

     1,896,448   
  

 

 

 

Total bonds

     4,223,047   
  

 

 

 

During 2014 we issued bonds in an amount of Ch$1,826,552 million, of which Ch$1,090,340 million corresponded to commercial paper. As of December 31, 2014 the outstanding balance of commercial paper was Ch$378,806 million.

Subordinated Bonds

Our outstanding subordinated bonds are linked to the UF index with interest and principal payments due semi-annually. The discount on the issuance of the outstanding subordinated bonds is amortized over the life of the bond. As of December 31, 2014, the effective real interest rate was 4.60% taking into consideration the discount on issuance.

The bonds are intended to finance loans having a maturity of more than one year. As of December 31, 2014, the maturities of subordinated bonds, which are considered long-term, were:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     41,372   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     151,758   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     25,486   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     25,189   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     25,245   

Due after 5 years

     501,545   
  

 

 

 

Total subordinated bonds

     770,595   
  

 

 

 

During 2014 we did not issue subordinated bonds.

Mortgage Finance Bonds

Mortgage finance bonds are used to finance the granting of mortgage loans. The outstanding principal amounts of the bonds are amortized on a quarterly basis. The range of maturities of these bonds is between five and thirty years. The bonds are linked to the UF index and carried a weighted average annual interest rate of 3.82% as of December 31, 2014.

The maturities of mortgage finance bonds as of December 31, 2014 were:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     18,287   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     12,009   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     8,478   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     6,765   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     5,642   

Due after 5 years

     13,133   
  

 

 

 

Total mortgage finance bonds

     64,314   
  

 

 

 

 

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Other Financial Obligations

The maturities of other financial obligations as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Other long-term obligations:

        

Obligations with Chilean Government

   Ch$ 55,585       Ch$ 50,314       Ch$ 44,844   

Total other long-term obligations

     55,585         50,314         44,844   

Other short-term obligations

     106,538         160,612         141,729   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other obligations

   Ch$ 162,123       Ch$ 210,926       Ch$ 186,573   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, other financial obligations had the following maturities:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

IFRS:

  

Due within 1 year

     5,035   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     4,184   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     3,812   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     9,831   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     4,520   

Due after 5 years

     17,462   
  

 

 

 

Total long-term

     44,844   

Total short-term(1)

     141,729   
  

 

 

 

Total other obligations

     186,573   
  

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes borrowings with maturities that were originally more than one year but which as of December 31, 2014 had remaining maturities of less than one year

Asset and Liability Management

Our asset and liability management policy is to maximize net interest income, return on assets and average equity in light of interest rate, liquidity and foreign exchange risks, within the limits of Chilean banking regulations and our internal risk management policies. Subject to these constraints, we may from time to time take mismatched positions as to interest rates or, in certain limited circumstances, foreign currencies when justified, in our view, by market conditions and prospects, and subject to our asset and liability management policies. Our board of directors determines our asset and liability policies. See Note 42 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

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Funding

The following table sets forth our average daily balance of liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, in each case together with the related average nominal interest rates paid thereon:

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2012     2013     2014  

IFRS:

  Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
    Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
    Average
Balance
    % of Total
Liabilities
    Average
Nominal Rate
 
    (in millions of Ch$, except percentages)  

Current accounts and demand deposits

  Ch$ 4,926,475        24.4     —     Ch$ 5,455,342        25.1     —     Ch$ 6,224,055       26.2     —  

Savings accounts and time deposits

    9,380,123        46.4        5.31        9,842,483        45.2        4.83        9,724,220       40.9        4.35   

Borrowings from financial institutions

    1,435,362        7.1        1.55        1,201,866        5.5        1.15        1,137,199       4.8        0.63   

Debt issued

    2,838,170        14.0        6.00        3,771,209        17.3        5.29        4,897,000       20.6        7.03   

Other financial obligations

    170,977        0.8        1.86        173,868        0.8        1.68        190,159       0.8        2.64   

Other interest bearing liabilities

    286,944        1.4        5.22        289,107        1.3        4.55        262,301       1.1        3.65   

Other non-interest bearing liabilities

    1,189,169        5.9        —          1,028,223        4.8        —          1,329,895       5.6        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

  Ch$ 20,227,220        100.0     —        Ch$ 21,762,098        100.0     —        Ch$ 23,764,829       100.0     —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Our most important sources of funding are customer deposits, which primarily consist of peso-denominated, non-interest bearing current accounts and demand deposits and both Chilean Peso and UF-denominated interest bearing time deposits and savings accounts. Current accounts and demand deposits represented 24.4%, 25.1% and 26.2% of our average total liabilities in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. These kinds of liabilities are our least-cost source of funding. On the other hand, savings accounts, time deposit and debt issued represented 60.4%, 62.5% and 60.5% of our average liabilities in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

 

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Capital Expenditures

For information on our capital expenditures, see Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—Capital Expenditures.”

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

On April 22, 2015, Mr. Jaime Estévez was appointed chairman of our directors/audit committee. He has been a member of our directors/audit committee since April 2007. Mr. Estévez satisfies the independence requirements of both Chilean law and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and is a full voting member of our directors/audit committee. He possesses vast financial experience evidenced by the fact that for 5 years he was chairman of the board of directors of Banco del Estado de Chile, a Chilean government-owned bank, served as a director of AFP Provida and AFP Protección, two Chilean private investment pension funds, and from 2006 until 2012 was a director of Endesa Chile S.A. as well as a member of its directors/audit committee and a financial expert. Prior to such service, Mr. Estévez served as a Congressman for 8 years, a period in which he was a member of the Finance and Budget Committee of the Chilean Congress. Mr. Estévez holds a degree in economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Mr. Jorge Awad, the former chairman of our directors/audit committee, remains as a member of our our directors/audit committee, together with Mr. Juan Enrique Pino.

TREND INFORMATION

We believe we have developed strong competitive advantages that will allow us to remain a relevant player within the Chilean banking industry. We are continuously seeking additional improvements in matters such as operating efficiency, productivity, profitability and service quality by developing new customer oriented service models, launching new financial products and services and implementing high quality information technologies. Our business environment is increasingly competitive and an active market for mergers and acquisitions tends to encourage large financial groups. In addition, competition from non-banking companies, mainly those involved in the retail industry, has encouraged us to develop improved value propositions to satisfy our customers’ needs.

The following trends may also have an impact on the Chilean economy and the economic growth of its trade partners, and could therefore affect our business, operating results or financial condition:

 

 

The fragile recovery of the global economy. Unforeseeable financial events, such as the current uncertainty about the financial condition of some European countries and the slowdown observed in the Chinese economy, affect financial markets.

 

 

The impact on worldwide consumption and foreign trade caused by the elimination of monetary and fiscal stimulus in both developed and developing economies.

We believe that Chile and its financial industry have proved to be successful in facing worldwide financial contingencies because of its strict fiscal policy, forward-looking and independent monetary policy, as well as strong regulation and supervision related to the financial industry.

In addition, the recent international trend of improved protection of consumers’ financial rights has become increasingly significant in Chile. If this trend leads to changes by Chilean financial regulators, these changes could affect our future operating results.

For more information regarding potential economic or regulatory factors that could affect our result of operations or financial condition, see Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors.”

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we are party to a number of off-balance sheet arrangements that present credit, market and operational risks that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. These activities include commitments to extend credit not otherwise accounted for as contingent loans, such as overdrafts and credit card lines of credit, and long-term contractual obligations under operating leases or service contracts.

We provide customers with off balance sheet credit support through loan commitments. Such commitments are agreements to lend to a customer at a future date, subject to compliance with contractual terms. Since substantial portions of these commitments are expected to expire without us having to make any loans, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent our actual future cash requirements. The amounts of these loan commitments were Ch$5,436,938 million as of December 31, 2013 and Ch$6,084,098 million as of December 31, 2014. See Note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year

 

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ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The amounts of subscribed leasing contracts were Ch$238,082 million as of December 31, 2013 and Ch$197,454 million as of December 31, 2014.

Interest rate and cross-currency swaps, which are entered into in order to hedge our foreign investment portfolio, are recorded at their estimated fair market values. See Note 9 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

The credit risk of both on and off-balance sheet financial instruments varies based on many factors, including the value of collateral held and other security arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, we generally determine the need for specific covenant, guarantee and collateral requirements on a case-by-case basis, depending on the nature of the financial instrument and the customer’s creditworthiness. The amount and type of collateral held to reduce credit risk varies, but may include real estate, machinery, equipment, inventory and accounts receivable, as well as cash on deposit, stocks, bonds and other marketable securities that are generally held in our possession or at another appropriate custodian or depository. This collateral is valued and inspected on a regular basis to ensure both its existence and adequacy. Additional collateral is requested when appropriate. For further information, see Note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

Financial Guarantees

The following is a summary of the nominal value of instruments that are considered financial guarantees and which are accounted for in off-balance sheet accounts:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Performance bonds

     1,576,763   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     412,474   
  

 

 

 

Total

     1,989,237   
  

 

 

 

Guarantees in the form of performance bonds, standby letters of credit and foreign office guarantees are issued in connection with agreements made by customers to counterparties. If the customer fails to comply with the agreement, the counterparty may enforce the performance bonds, standby letters of credit or foreign office guarantees as a remedy. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the customer may not be able to repay us for these guarantees.

As of December 31, 2014, the expiration of guarantees per period is as follows:

 

     Due within 1
year
     Due after 1 year
but within 3
years
     Due after 3 years
but within 5
years
     Due after 5
years
     Total  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Performance bonds

     1,138,865         368,884         63,307         5,707         1,576,763   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     281,162         126,170         3,123         2,019         412,474   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,420,027         495,054         66,430         7,726         1,989,237   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, the Bank did not have significant concentrations by country.

 

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TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following tables set forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by time remaining to maturity. As of December 31, 2014, the scheduled maturities of our contractual obligations, including accrued interest, were as follows:

 

IFRS:    Due within 1 year     Due after
1 year but
within 3 years
    Due after
3 years but
within 5 years
    Due after
5 years
    Total     Estimated
Interest
Payment
 
     (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2014)  

Contractual Obligations

            

Currents accounts and other demand deposits

     6,934,373        —          —          —          6,934,373     

Transaction in the course of payment

     53,049        —          —          —          53,049     

Saving accounts and time deposits

     9,384,054        336,838        166        188        9,721,246     

Bonds issued

            

Mortgage finance bonds

     18,287        20,487        12,407        13,133        64,314        16,793   

Bonds

     272,843        703,067        972,629        1,896,448        3,844,987        645,011   

Commercial Bonds

     378,060        —          —          —          378,060        63,421   

Subordinated Bonds

     41,372        177,244        50,434        501,545        770,595        418,198   

Hedged Instrument

            

Inflows

            

Corporate Bond MXN

     —          —          —          —          —       

Corporate Bond HKD

     (9,508     (19,070     (66,617     (268,771     (363,966  

Corporate Bond PEN

     (622     (16,442     —          —          (17,064  

Corporate Bond CHF

     (6,767     (317,811     (344,146     —          (668,724  

Obligation USD

     (156,926     (61,751     —          —          (218,677  

Corporate Bond JPY

     (1,239     (58,445     (41,062     (51,563     (152,309  

Outflows

            

Cross currency swap MXN

     —          —          —          —          —       

Cross currency swap HKD

     9,508        19,070        66,617        268,771        363,966     

Cross currency swap PEN

     622        16,442        —          —          17,064     

Corporate Bond CHF

     6,767        317,811        344,146        —          668,724     

Obligation USD

     156,926        61,751        —          —          218,677     

Corporate Bond JPY

     1,239        58,445        41,062        51,563        152,309     

Borrowings from financial institutions

     1,098,716        —          —          —          1,098,716     

Other obligations

     146,764        7,996        14,351        17,462        186,573     

Lease contracts

     28,776        40,375        29,612        46,479        145,242     

Services contracts

     10,276        3,410        —          —          13,686     

Investments sold under agreements to repurchase

     249,482        —          —          —          249,482     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     18,616,052        1,289,417        1,079,599        2,475,255        23,460,323        1,143,423   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

For more information, see note 9(c) to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT

Directors

Our administration is conducted by our board of directors, which, in accordance with our estatutos (bylaws), consists of eleven directors and two alternate directors. The entire board of directors is elected every three years. Our current board of directors was elected in March 2014 and its term expires in March 2017.

Cumulative voting is permitted for the election of directors. Our chairman and our chief executive officer are appointed by our board of directors and hold their offices at its discretion. Scheduled meetings of our board of directors are held at least twice a month. Extraordinary board of directors meetings may be called by the chairman, when requested by a majority of the directors, or, in limited circumstances, when requested by a single director.

Our current directors are as follows:

 

Director

  

Position

  

Committee Memberships

   Age

Pablo Granifo L.

   Chairman    9    56

Andrónico Luksic C.

   Vice Chairman    1    61

Francisco A. Aristeguieta

   Vice Chairman    2    49

Jorge Awad M.

   Director    3    69

Jorge Ergas H.

   Director    2    46

Jean Paul Luksic F.

   Director    1    50

Samuel Libnic

   Director    1    49

Gonzalo Menendez D.

   Director    5    66

Juan Enrique Pino V.

   Director    4    53

Francisco Perez M.

   Director    4    57

Jaime Estévez V.

   Director    4    68

Rodrigo Manubens M.

   Alternate Director    1    56

Thomas Fürst F.

   Alternate Director    1    84

Pablo Granifo L. was re-elected as the chairman of our board of directors in 2014, a position which he has held since 2007. He was our chief executive officer from 2001 to 2007, chief executive officer of Banco de A. Edwards from 2000 to 2001, commercial manager at Banco Santiago from 1995 to 1999 and corporate manager at Banco Santiago from 1999 to 2000. Mr. Granifo is also chairman of the board of directors of Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Socofin S.A., Banchile Securitizadora S.A., Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. and a member of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. He is also chairman of Viña San PedroTarapacá S.A., and a member of the board of directors of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., and Empresa Nacional de Energía Enex S.A. He holds a degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Andrónico Luksic C. has been a director and the vice chairman of our board of directors since 2002 and was re-elected in 2014. Mr. Luksic is also chairman of LQIF, Quiñenco S.A. and Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., vice chairman of Compañía Sud Americana de Vapores S.A. and a member of the board of directors of Tech Pack S.A. and Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA). Mr. Luksic is a member of the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and vice chairman of the International Business Leaders’ Advisory Council for the Mayor of Shanghai. He is also a member of the International Advisory Board of Barrick Gold, the International Advisory Council of the Brookings Institution, the Advisory Board of the Panama Canal Authority, and the Chairman’s International Council of the Council of the Americas. In addition, Mr. Luksic is a Trustee Emeritus at Babson College, and a member the Harvard Global Advisory Council, the International Advisory Board of the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University, the International Advisory Boards of both the Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management and the Fudan University School of Management, the Harvard Business School Latin America Advisory Board, the Dean’s Council at the Harvard Kennedy School, the Advisory Committee of the David Rockefeller Center at Harvard University, and the Latin American Executive Board of the MIT Sloan School of Management. Andrónico Luksic and Jean Paul Luksic are brothers.

 

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Francisco A. Aristeguieta has been a member and vice chairman of our board of directors since April 2012 and was re-elected in 2014. Mr. Aristeguieta is the CEO of Citigroup Latin America since 2012. Before this role he served as Citi Transaction Services (CTS) Head for Latin America & Mexico, member of the CTS Global Executive Committee, CEO for the Andean Region Cluster of countries and Colombia, CEO for Citigroup Venezuela and Ecuador. Mr. Aristeguieta is a member of the Citigroup Global Executive Committee, the board of Citigroup Foundation, the Association of American Chambers of Commerce of Latin America, The Americas Society and Council of the Americas. He has been a member of The Young Presidents Organization (YPO) since 2003. In addition, he served on the board of Directors of Junior Achievement Americas and several other boards among them: Banking Association of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela, and the Consejo de Empresas Americanas of Colombia. He was also Chairman of the board of Colfondos in Colombia. Mr. Aristeguieta holds an MBA from Brunel University in London, a graduate degree in Banking and Finance and an undergraduate degree in Business Administration with a major in Management both from the Universidad Metropolitana in Caracas, Venezuela.

Jorge Awad M. has been a member of our board of directors since 1996 and was re-elected in 2014. From 1989 to 1996 he was a member of the board of directors of Banco de Santiago. Mr. Awad is president of the Association of Banks of Chile since 2011. He is also a member of the board of the University of Talca, the Catholic University of Valparaíso TV and Inacap. Previously, Mr. Awad was president of LAN Airlines S. A. for 18 years until September 2012. He has also been a Director of Codelco Chile, National Television of Chile, Chile Laboratory, ICARE, and other Chilean companies. He is also a professor of Management and Entrepreneurship at the School of Economics at the University of Chile. Mr. Awad has a degree in Business Administration from the University of Chile. The University of Chile gave Mr. Awad the award for most prominent Business Administration graduate for 1998. In November 2014, he received another award for being one of the most prominent Business Administration graduates in the 80 years’ history of the school.

Jorge Ergas H. was appointed member of our board of directors in March 2011 and was re-elected in 2014 after having served as an advisor to the board of directors since 2007 and from 2002 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Ergas was an alternate director. Mr. Ergas is currently the Vice-Chairman of Banchile Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A., vice chairman of Orion Seguros Generales S.A., President of Movicenter and a director of Inersa Limitada, Ever and I BAE. Mr. Ergas was previously a director of the Plaza San Francisco Hotel, CasaPiedra Convention Center, HNS Bank and Inmobiliaria Paidahue.

Jean Paul Luksic F. was appointed member of our board of directors in April 2013 and was re-elected in 2014. Mr. Luksic is vice chairman of Quiñenco S.A. and Sociedad Matriz SAAM S.A. Mr. Luksic is also chairman of the board of directors of Antofagasta plc, a position he has held since 2004. Mr. Luksic was appointed to the board of directors of Antofagasta plc in 1990 and was the Chief Executive Officer of Antofagasta Minerals until his appointment as Chairman of Antofagasta plc in 2004. He is also Director of the board of Antofagasta Minerals, Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia, and Aguas Antofagasta, as well as Chairman of the Consejo Minero, the industry body representing the largest mining companies in Chile. Mr. Luksic holds a B.Sc. degree in management and science and political Science from the London School of Economics. Jean Paul Luksic is the brother of Adrónico Luksic.

Samuel Libnic was appointed member of our board of directors in April 2014. He has been the General Counsel for Citigroup Inc.’s operations in Latin America since 2007. In April 2010, he became a member of Citigroup Inc.’s Legal Management Committee and in January 2012 was appointed to the Office of Vice President by the board of directors of Citibank, N.A. In September 2013 the legal department of Banamex, Citigroup Inc.’s Mexican banking subsidiary, also began reporting to Mr. Libnic. Mr. Libnic’s current responsibilities include overseeing legal coverage for all products and businesses throughout Latin America and Mexico. Prior to becoming General Counsel for the Latin America region, Mr. Libnic held a number of positions of increasing responsibility since joining the company in 1996 as General Counsel of the Global Corporate and Investment Bank for Citibank Mexico, Grupo Financiero Citibank. In 2001, he was named Deputy General Counsel for Latin America, a position he held until he assumed his current role. From November 2010 until June 2013, Mr. Libnic also acted as Head of the Legal Department for Citi Brazil (in additional to his regional role). Before joining Citigroup Inc., Mr. Libnic worked at Shearman & Sterling LLP in New York and with Basham, Ringe and Correa, one of the most prestigious law firms in Mexico. He holds a Juris Doctor with honors from the Anahuac University in Mexico, as well as an LLM from Georgetown Law School, and is licensed to practice law in both Mexico and New York.

 

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Gonzalo Menendez D. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001 and was re-elected in 2014. He is also the chairman of Inversiones Vita S.A., and a member of the board of directors of several other companies, including Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., Quiñenco S.A., Compañía Sudamericana de Vapores S.A., Sudamericana Agencias Aéreas y Marítimas S.A., Sociedad Matriz SAAM S.A., Antofagasta plc, Mining Group Antofagasta Minerals S.A., Antofagasta Railway, Aguas de Antofagasta S.A., Andsberg Investment Ltd., Andsberg Limited, Inmobiliaria e Inversiones Río Claro S.A., and Empresa Nacional de Energía ENEX S.A. He is also vice chairman of Fundación Andrónico Luksic A. and Fundación Educacional Luksic. Previously, Mr. Menéndez served as chief executive officer of the Antofagasta Railway to Bolivia, Banco O’Higgins and Empresas Lucchetti. Since 1990, he has been a director and is now the chairman of the board of directors of Banco Latinoamericano de Comercio Exterior S.A., Bladex. Mr. Menéndez was a member of the board of directors and the executive committee at Banco Santiago and a member of the board of directors at Banco de A. Edwards. He was a professor of finance, economics and business policy at Universidad de Chile. He holds a degree in business administration and accounting from Universidad de Chile.

Juan Enrique Pino V. has been a member of our board of directors since August 2013 and was re-elected in 2014. Currently, Mr. Pino is the Chief Risk Officer for Citigroup Latin America, a role that he has held since January 2010, initially based in Mexico, and from February 2015 onwards based in the United States. He is a member of the Global Risk Management Executive Committee of Citigroup, and of the Executive Committees of Citigroup Latin America. Juan Enrique first joined Citi in 1985, serving since then in several business and risk management roles, first in Chile and then in other countries in Latin America. He was General Manager for Citigroup Chile and Citi Accival Corredores de Bolsa in 2008 and part of 2009, and has been also a board member of several companies in which Citigroup has been a shareholder. Mr. Pino is a Commercial Engineer and graduated from Universidad Adolfo Ibañez (Chile) in 1983 with a degree in Business Administration.

Francisco Perez M. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001 and was re-elected in 2014. Since 1998, Mr. Perez has also served as the chief executive officer of Quiñenco S.A. Mr. Pérez is also chairman of the board of directors of Compañía Sud Americana de Vapores S.A., Empresa Nacional de Energía Enex S.A., Indalum S.A. and Madeco Mills S.A.. Mr. Perez is vice chairman of Invexans S.A. and Tech Pack S.A. He was formerly the chief executive officer of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A., of which he is still a director. Mr. Perez is a member of the board of directors of Banchile Corredores de Seguros S.A., LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A., Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., Foods Cía. Alimentos CCU S.A., Cía. Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A., Cía. Pisquera de Chile S.A., Cervecera CCU Chile Ltda., Inversiones y Rentas S.A., Nexans, Sociedad Matriz SAAM S.A. Sudamericana, Agencias Aéreas y Marítimas S.A., and director of Hapag-Lloyd. He is also an advisor of the board of directors of Viña San Pedro Tarapacá S.A. Prior to 1991, Mr. Perez was chief executive officer of Citicorp Chile and also was vice president of Bankers Trust in Chile. Mr. Perez holds a degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Chicago.

Jaime Estévez V. has been a member of our board of directors since 2007 and was re-elected in 2014, and is currently a member of the board of directors of Cruzados SADP. Previously, Mr. Estévez was chairman of the board of directors of Banco Estado, a Chilean government-owned bank. Additionally, he has served as a director AFP Provida and AFP Protección, two Chilean private investment pension funds, and as director of Endesa Chile S.A. Mr. Estévez was Minister of Public Works from January 2005 to March 2006, and simultaneously, as Minister of Transportation and Telecommunications. He was also a congressman from March 1990 to March 1998 and president of the Lower Chamber of Congress from March 1995 to November 1996. Mr. Estévez holds a degree in economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Rodrigo Manubens M. has been a member of our board of directors since 2001 and was re-elected in 2014. He is the chairman of Banchile Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A., director and chairman of the Director Committee of Aguas Andinas S.A. and a director of the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (the Santiago Stock Exchange). Mr. Manubens was a member of the board of directors of Banco de A. Edwards from 1999 until 2001. From 1985 to 1999, Mr. Manubens was a member of the board of directors of Banco O’Higgins and retained such position following the merger between Banco O’Higgings and Banco Santiago. From 1995 to 1999, he was chairman of Banco Tornquist in Argentina and a member of the board of directors of Banco Sur in Perú and Banco Asunción in Paraguay. Mr. Manubens also served as a director and chairman of the board of directors of Endesa Chile S.A for ten years. Mr. Manubens holds a degree in business administration from Universidad Federico Santa María and Universidad Adolfo Ibañez and a master’s degree from the London School of Economics and Political Science.

 

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Thomas G. Fürst has been a member of our board of directors since 2004 and was re-elected in 2014. Previously, Mr. Fürst was the vice chairman of the board of directors of Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. and a member of the board of directors of several other companies, including Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A., Viña Dassault-San Pedro S.A, Southern Breweries Establishment, CCU Argentina S.A. and Compañía Industrial Cerveceria S.A. (CICSA). Mr. Fürst was a founder and member of the board of directors of Parque Arauco. In addition, he is a partner and member of the Board of Directors of Plaza S.A. and Nuevos Desarrollos S.A., owners of 15 shopping centers and two shopping centers under construction in Chile, five shopping centers in Perú and one shopping center and two shopping centers under construction in Colombia. At present, Grupo Plaza is considered the second most prominent chain of malls in South America. Mr. Fürst holds a degree in civil construction from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Senior Management

Our current executive officers are as follows:

 

Executive Officers

  

Position

   Age

Arturo Tagle Quiroz

   Chief Executive Officer    56

Rolando Arias

   Chief Financial Officer    50

Nelson Rojas P.

   General Legal Counsel    61

Mauricio Baeza L.

   Manager—Corporate Risk Division    52

Ignacio Vera A.

   Manager—Operations and Technology Division    56

Cristián Lagos C.

   Manager—People and Organization Division    49

Eduardo Ebensperger O.

   Manager—Commercial Division    49

Juan Cooper A.

   Manager—Consumer Finance Division    54

Felipe Echaiz B.

   Manager—Global Compliance Division    47

Alain Rochette G.

   Manager—Corporate and Investment Banking Division    54

Oscar Mehech C.

   Manager—Risk Control Division    50

Armando Ariño J.

   Manager—Normatives and Procedures Division    49

Arturo Tagle Q. was appointed our Chief Executive Officer in May 2010. From November 2009 to April 2010, he was the Managing Director of our Institutional and Investors Relations Division, and from 2008 to November 2009 he was the Managing Director of our Strategic Development Division. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Tagle was our Chief Financial Officer and from 1998 to 2001 he was head of our Internal Audit and Control Division. He is also a member of the board of directors of Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Socofin S.A., Banchile Securitizadora S.A., and Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., and a member of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. Mr. Tagle joined us in 1995. From 1990 to 1994, he was General Manager of the Chilean Bankers Association, and from 1984 to 1989 he was Director of Research at the SBIF. Mr. Tagle has also been the Chief Executive Officer of Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. and SAOS since 1996. He holds a degree in Business Administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of Chicago.

Rolando Arias S. was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in June 2014. Prior to this position, Mr. Arias was Manager of the Research and Planning Area since 2006. He served as Manager of the Financial Control Area of Banco de Chile after its merger with Banco de A. Edwards from 2002 to 2006. Before this merger, Mr. Arias was in charge of the Planning Area of Banco de A. Edwards from 1997 to 2001. Mr. Arias joined Banco de A. Edwards in 1987 and until 1997 he held various positions related to controlling and planning. Mr. Arias holds a degree in Business Administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Nelson Rojas P. has been our general counsel and secretary of our board of directors since 2004. In 2002, he joined us as deputy general counsel. Mr. Rojas joined Banco de A. Edwards in 1987 and was the general counsel and secretary of the board of directors of Banco de A. Edwards from 1997 to 2002. He is also president of the legal affairs committee of the Chilean Bank Association. Mr. Rojas holds a degree in law from the Universidad de Chile.

Mauricio Baeza L. has been the manager of our Corporate Risk Division since December 2005. Mr. Baeza joined us in 1997 and was manager of the risk division of Banco de A. Edwards during 2001. He was risk manager at Banco Santiago from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Baeza is a member of the Board of Socofin S.A. He is also secretary of our director’s loan committee, and

 

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participates in the Finance, International and Market Risk Committee, Portfolio Risk Committee and the Operational Risk Committee. Currently he is Chairman of the Risk Committee of the Chilean Banking Association. Mr. Baeza is also a member of the Investment committee of Banchile Fondo Inmobiliario and he is a director of the Foundation Villa Padre Hurtado a charity organization. Mr. Baeza holds a degree in civil engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Cristián Lagos C. joined us as manager of our People and Organization Division in May 2012. From 2008 to March 2012 he was the Corporate Human Resources and Reputational Manager of Compañía General de Electricidad S.A. Before that, he was the Manager of the Planification and Human Resources Division of Banco Sudaméricano, and after the merger between this Bank and Scotiabank, he occupied the same position in the latter. Additionally, he was the Human Resources manager of Chilesat S.A. and Corporate Manager of Telmex S.A after the merger of Chilesat S.A. with said company. Mr. Lagos is a psychologist of the Diego Portales University, and he participated in the PDD Program of ESE.

Ignacio Vera A. was appointed head of our Operations and Technology Division in February 2014. Previously, Mr. Vera was from 2009 to 2013 the Head of Internet, Mobile and Offshore Technology Centers for Barclays Bank. From 2007 to 2009 he was the Chief Technology Service Officer of HSBC Mexico. Prior to this position he worked for HSBC in the Canada Development Centre and was in charge of the corporate and trade Internet solution (HSBCnet). Mr. Vera was also CIO of HSBC Group in Argentina and from 1982 to 1991 he worked at the Stock Exchange Argentina Bank where he held various IT positions. Mr. Vera has a Bachelor in Computer Science degree from the University of Buenos Aires and has taken courses at Wharton School University of Pennsylvania (USA), INSEAD Business School in Fontainebleau (France), and the University of Chicago Booth School of Business (USA).

Eduardo Ebensperger O. has been our Commercial Division Manager since December 1, 2014. He was Manager of the Wholesale Division, including Large Companies and Real Estate, for 6 years prior to his current position. From 2005 to 2007 he was Manager of Large Companies and between 2002 and 2005 he was General Manager of the subsidiary Banchile Factoring S.A. Mr. Ebensperger joined Banco Edwards in 1989. He was appointed as Regional Branch Manager in 1997 and later was appointed as the Division Manager of Medium Size Companies. He is currently Chairman of the Board of Artikos S.A, a member of the Boards of Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., Banchile Securitizadora S.A., Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., and a member of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. He also participates in the following Committees: Banchile Leasing, GTS, Factoring, and Operational Risk Management. Mr. Ebensperger holds a degree in Business and Economic Science from the Universidad de Chile.

Juan Cooper A. has been the manager of our Consumer Finance Division Banco CrediChile since 2003. He was the chief executive officer of Altavida Santander Compañía de Seguros de Vida S.A. from 2001 to 2002 and the manager of Santiago Express, the consumer division of Banco Santiago, from 1997 to 2000. He is also currently a member of the board of directors of Socofin S.A., and a member of the executive committee of Banchile Corredores Seguros Limitada. Mr. Cooper has a degree in business administration from the Universidad de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Felipe Echaiz B. has been the manager of our Global Compliance Division since January 2008. He joined us as a result of our merger with Citibank Chile. Mr. Echaiz worked at Citibank for ten years and was Citigroup Chile country compliance officer from 2006 to 2007. In 2003, he was the deputy director to the Anti-Money Laundering and Organized Crime Unit at the Public Prosecutor’s Office. Mr. Echaiz is a member of the executive committee for Anti-Money Laundering of the Chilean Banks Association and holds a degree in law from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and a master’s degree in finance and economics from the Universidad de Chile.

Alain Rochette G. has been the manager of our Corporate and Investment Banking Division Manager since 2013. Prior to that, he was advisor to the CEO for the Corporate and Investment Banking Division and General Coordinator for the Treasury, Investment and Corporate Divisions. Previously, he held diverse positions in Citibank including Executive Director of Markets and Treasury for Latin America based in the U.S., CFO of Citibank Chile and 15 years in diverse regional positions in Japan and the United States. Mr. Rochette holds a degree in industrial engineering from Universidad de Chile.

 

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Oscar Mehech C. was appointed head of our Risk Control Division in July 2008 after holding various positions with us, which include being head of our Regulatory Policies Division, head of our Global Compliance Division and deputy general counsel. Prior to joining us in 2002, he was deputy general counsel at Banco de A. Edwards. Mr. Mehech is the chairman of the internal audit committee of the Chilean Banking Association and the vice chairman of the surveillance committee of Depósito Central de Valores S.A. He holds a law degree from Universidad de Chile and a master’s degree in business administration from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Armando Ariño J. joined Banco de Chile in March 2015 as Manager of our Division of Procedures and Rules. Mr. Ariño was the manager of IT Division in Corpbanca since November 2000, and from 2005 to 2011 was responsible for all Corpbanca’s Backoffice Services. He was the leader executive for design of Operational Model and IT transformation plan execution and in 2009 he was Vice President of the Operational Committee of the Chilean Bank Association. From 2011 to 2014 he was a member of the Strategic Project Office responsible for the acquisition and merger of Santander Colombia and Helm Bank. Mr. Ariño holds a degree in Systems Engineering from the Universidad INCCA de Colombia.

COMPENSATION

The table below presents the amount of compensation, as established by our shareholders, to the members of our board of directors for the year ended December 31, 2014. These amounts include remuneration for services, fees for attendance at meetings of our board of directors, meetings of committees of our board of directors and meetings of board of directors of our subsidiaries, consulting services and travel expenses.

 

Name of Director

   Remuneration     Fees for
Attending
Meetings of
our Board of
Directors
     Fees for Attending  Meetings
of Committees of our Board
of Directors and Meetings
of the Board of Directors of
our Subsidiaries
(1)
     Consulting      Total  
           (in millions of Ch$)  

Pablo Granifo Lavín

     383 (2)      52         365         —           800   

Andrónico Luksic Craig

     155        10         —           —           165   

Jorge Awad Mehech

     52        24         130         —           206   

Gonzalo Menéndez Duque

     52        23         115         26         216   

Jaime Estévez Valencia

     52        26         106         —           184   

Rodrigo Manubens Moltedo

     52        24         51         —           127   

Jorge Ergas Heymann

     52        19         60         —           131   

Francisco Pérez Mackenna

     52        22         55         —           129   

Thomas Fürst Freiwirth

     52        19         40         —           111   

Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona

     52        9         —           —           61   

Francisco Aristeguieta Silva

     —          —           —           —           —     

Juan Enrique Pino Visinteiner

     —          —           —           —           —     

Juan José Bruchou

     —          —           —           —           —     

Other subsidiary directors

     —          —           147         80         227   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     954        228         1,069         106         2,357   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes fees paid to members of the Advisory Committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda. of Ch$16 million.
(2) Includes an incentive payment of Ch$226 million for achieving the Bank’s forecasted earnings.

For the year ended December 31, 2014 fees paid for advisory services to the Board of Directors were Ch$179 million, while travel and other related expenses amounted to Ch$226 million.

Consistent with Chilean law, we do not disclose to our shareholders, or otherwise make public, information regarding the compensation of our executive officers. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the aggregate amount of compensation paid to our executive officers, including the executive officers of our subsidiaries, was Ch$9,126 million. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, our directors/audit committee must approve compensation plans, but we are not required to have a compensation committee. For the year ended December 31, 2014, no amounts were set aside or accrued by us to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for our directors and officers. None of our directors is a party to any agreement with us or any of our subsidiaries that provides for benefits upon termination of his appointment as a director.

 

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BOARD PRACTICES

Governance Practices

The board of directors delegates certain functions and activities to our committees to research, evaluate and report to the board of directors regarding specific matters which may affect our businesses.

The Directors/Audit Committee

Prior to March 24, 2005, our directors committee and audit committee were separate committees performing independent functions for the board of directors. On March 24, 2005, the board of directors approved the merger of our directors committee with our audit committee, forming the directors/audit committee. The directors/audit committee’s primary objectives are to seek the efficiency, maintenance, application and functioning of our internal control systems and compliance with applicable rules and procedures governing our business; to identify our business risks; to supervise the activities of Internal Audit, ensuring their independence from management; to serve as an mediator and coordinator of tasks between the internal audit work and our independent auditors; to act as a communication channel between our internal audit team, our independent auditors and our board of directors; and to perform the duties established by article 50 bis of the Chilean Law of Corporations (Ley 18.046 sobre Sociedades Anónimas).

Our directors/audit committee is composed of three members appointed by the board of directors. The directors/audit committee is currently composed of the following individuals:

 

 

Jorge Awad M. (chairman and financial expert);

 

 

Jaime Estevez V.; and

 

 

Juan Enrique Pino V.

Mr. Awad and Mr. Estevez were appointed as members of the directors/audit committee by our board of directors at the meeting held on April 12, 2007. Mr. Pino was appointed to the directors/audit committee by our board of directors at the meeting held on August 25, 2013.

Messrs. Awad and Estevez satisfy the independence requirements of both Chilean law and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and are full voting members of our directors/audit committee.

Mr. Juan Enrique Pino is exempt from the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act pursuant to the exemption under Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D). Pursuant to that exemption, Mr. Pino is a non-voting member of our directors/audit committee with respect to all matters required to be addressed by our directors/audit committee under U.S. federal securities laws.

The directors/audit committee met 19 times during 2014. The budget of the directors/audit committee is approved annually at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. The directors/audit committee satisfies the applicable requirements of the SBIF and operates pursuant to a charter document. The SBIF recommends that at least one of the members of the directors/audit committee be experienced with respect to the accounting procedures and financial aspects of banking operations. The directors/audit committee submits a report regarding its activities to our board of directors after each directors/audit committee meeting and presents an annual report at our ordinary annual shareholder’s meeting. As established in the directors/audit committee’s charter, the chief executive officer, the general counsel and the manager of our Risk Control Division, or their respective deputies, shall also attend the directors/audit committee meetings. The directors/audit committee may also invite other persons to attend meetings.

The directors/audit committee may appoint independent personnel to carry out specific duties. The directors/audit committee’s specific objectives include:

 

 

Seeking efficiency, maintenance, application and functioning of our internal control systems, and compliance with rules and procedures;

 

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Supervising compliance with rules and procedures governing the banking business and identifying the business risks of our and our subsidiaries’ activities;

 

 

Supervising the activities of our Risk Control Division and ensuring its independence from management;

 

 

Serving as an intermediator and coordinator of tasks between our internal audit work and our independent auditors, and acting as a communication channel between these teams and our board of directors;

 

 

Proposing to the board of directors the independent auditors and the credit rating agencies to be proposed at the shareholders meeting;

 

 

Analyzing the reports, content, procedures and scope of the revisions by our independent auditors and credit rating agencies;

 

 

Analyzing the reports of internal audits and revisions and analyzing and reviewing the annual audit program;

 

 

Analyzing the interim and annual financial statements;

 

 

Analyzing our financial statements included in the Form 20-F;

 

 

Gathering information on accounting changes occurring during the year and their effects;

 

 

Reviewing issues affecting the internal control systems;

 

 

Analyzing the remuneration systems and compensation plans for managers and executive officers;

 

 

Analyzing the 2014 annual performance self-evaluation process;

 

 

Analyzing related party transactions pursuant to Title XVI of the Chilean Corporations Law;

 

 

Analyzing policies relating to operational risk and progress in the risk-management process and SOX self-evaluation;

 

 

Analyzing and informing on matters related to the Global Compliance Division, principally regarding the revision of policies for detecting and sanctioning money laundering transactions; and

 

 

Reviewing customer claims filed with the SBIF and the Customer defense Division of the Chilean Association of Banks and Financial Institutions.

Portfolio Risk Committee

The main function of the portfolio risk committee is to inform our board of directors of changes in the composition and risk of our loan portfolio, and our corresponding global exposure, sector-specific exposure or business-specific exposure. The portfolio risk committee closely reviews the performance of our principal debtors, past-due loan ratios, past-due loan indicators, write-offs and allowances for loan losses.

The portfolio risk committee prepares proposals for discussion with, and approval by, our board of directors with respect to credit policies, portfolio evaluation methods and the calculation of allowances for expected loan losses. The portfolio risk committee also performs analysis of the adequacy of allowances, authorizes extraordinary charge-offs of loans once recovery attempts have been exhausted and controls the liquidation of assets acquired in lieu of payment.

The portfolio risk committee meets on a monthly basis and is composed of the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, two additional members or advisors of our board of directors, the manager of our Corporate Risk Division, and the deputy manager of Intelligence and Information Risk Area.

 

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Credit Committees

Our governance structure relating to the evaluation process of commercial loans is based on the segments and risks involved. Each credit decision should be made with the participation of committee members with sufficient authority over a particular type of loan.

A member of the Corporate Risk Division is required to approve most credit decisions exceeding UF 6,000. Such decisions are made by different loan committees, the highest of which, in terms of hierarchy, is the board loan committee, composed of our chief executive officer, and at least three members of our board of directors, all of whom review all transactions exceeding UF 750,000 on a weekly basis. Any member of the board of directors may participate in the board loan committee.

The Corporate Risk Division participates independently and autonomously in each committee from our business areas.

For retail banking, we have loan committees that in exceptional cases review individual customers when they do not meet our customer profile policies, payment behavior requirements or maximum financing amounts.

Finance, International and Market Risk Committee

The main function of the finance, international and market risk committee is to analyze the evolution of our financial positions and the market risks (price and liquidity) that these financial positions generated, particularly the control of risks related to internal and regulatory limits and/or warnings. This committee also analyzes international financial exposure and major credit exposures generated by derivative transactions.

The finance, international and market risk committee meets monthly and is composed of the chairman of our board of directors, four other members or advisors of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Corporate and Investment Banking Division, our corporate treasurer and the manager of our financial risk area. Committee members conduct analyses and make presentations to the committee regarding certain matters, including:

 

 

Knowledge of current market risks, which allows forecasting of potential future losses;

 

 

Review of estimated results of certain financial positions generated in isolation in order to measure the risk-return ratio of the treasury businesses, as well as changes in and forecasts of the use of capital based on best estimates of future credit and market risks;

 

 

Analysis of the liabilities of international financial exposure and major credit exposures generated by derivative transactions; and

 

 

The design of policies and procedures for setting, controlling and reporting financial position limits and warnings.

Asset Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Prevention Committee

The asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention committee was set up in April 2006 with the purpose of defining the policies and procedures that would comprise the asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention system, as well as evaluating compliance and deciding on all matters related to these subjects.

This committee includes the chairman of our board of directors, two members of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, and the chief executive officer of Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. The manager of our Risk Control Division, the manager of our Global Compliance Division, our general counsel, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division, and the manager of our asset laundering prevention area may also attend and participate in the meetings.

The asset laundering and financing of terrorism prevention committee meets monthly and has the following functions:

 

 

To approve the policies and procedures concerning the gathering of information on customers and their activities and the acceptance and monitoring of their accounts, products and operations;

 

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To approve policies and procedures concerning unusual transaction detection systems; formal channels of information to senior management; and monitoring, analysis and reporting mechanisms;

 

 

To approve policies and procedures concerning surveillance methods and relations with correspondent banks;

 

 

To approve policies and procedures concerning staff selection, training programs and codes of conduct;

 

 

To approve the policies and procedures concerning asset laundering and terrorism financing prevention;

 

 

To appoint persons to perform specific functions in accordance with current regulations on the prevention of asset laundering and terrorism financing;

 

 

To analyze the results of the reviews conducted to verify compliance with current policies and procedures;

 

 

To consider the transactions analyzed and decisions made by the transactions analysis committee;

 

 

To consider activities developed to train staff in asset laundering and terrorism financing prevention;

 

 

To consider and approve modifications to procedures proposed by our Global Compliance Division that improve existing controls for the prevention of asset laundering and terrorism financing; and

 

 

To inform our board of directors of regulatory changes related to the prevention of asset laundering and financing of terrorism.

Upper Operational Risk Committee

Created in April 2014, the Upper Operational Risk Committee is responsible for (i) identifying the Bank and its subsidiaries’ exposure to operational risk at both an entity and business level; (ii) evaluating our corporate strategy for managing operational risk, information security management system, business continuity and reputational risk; (iii) approving strategies as defined by the Operational Risk Executive Committee in accordance with the Bank’s operational risk policy; (iv) encouraging the establishment of guidelines and directing efforts to properly manage and mitigate operational risk; (v) reporting to the board on the management model and the level of operational risk exposure of the Bank and its subsidiaries and additional mitigation and/or prevention efforts adopted by the Bank; (vi) ensuring compliance with the current regulatory framework and optimizing capital use; (vii) ensuring compliance with the Bank’s operational risk policy; and (viii) ensuring that our strategy and defined plans ensure the solvency of the Bank and its subsidiaries in the long run by avoiding risk contingencies that could jeopardize the continuity of the Bank.

This committee is composed of three members of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Corporate Risk Division, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division, and the manager of our Operational Risk Area.

Leasing Committee

The main function of the Leasing Committee is to review the monthly evolution and results of our Leasing Area by means of a report that consolidates the management of the business divisions of the Bank.

This committee includes the chairman of our board of directors, one member or advisor of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Commercial Division, the manager of branches of our Commercial Division, the manager of Products for Corporations and the manager of the Leasing Area.

 

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Factoring Committee

The Factoring Committee was set up in 2013, after the merger of Banchile Factoring S.A. with us. Its purpose is to analyze the evolution and results of our Factoring Area in terms of volume, prices, margins, provisions and expenses and analyze the factoring product for each business area of the Bank.

This committee is chaired by the chairman of our board of directors, one member or advisor of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Commercial Division and the manager of the Marketing and Products Area of the Commercial Division.

Consumer Finance Division Committee

The main purpose of the Consumer Finance Division Committee is to analyze on a monthly basis the evolution and results of our Consumer Finance Division, its growth, and its strategies to gain new customer segments and maximize the results of the division.

This committee includes the chairman of our board of directors, three members of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Commercial Division and the manager of our Consumer Finance Division.

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Committee

The main purpose of the Banchile Corredores de Seguros Committee is to analyze the growth and results of our insurance brokerage subsidiary.

This committee is composed of the chairman and one member of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, the manager of our Commercial Division, the manager of our Consumer Finance Division and the chief executive officer of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

Committees composed of Banco de Chile’s senior management

The main committees composed of Banco de Chile’s senior management executives are:

Disclosure Committee

In May 2003, we established the disclosure committee to ensure accurate market disclosure of our and our subsidiaries’ consolidated financial information. The members of the disclosure committee include our Chief Financial Officer, our chief accountant, our senior lawyer for international matters, the manager of our Research and Planning Area, and the manager of our Risk Arquitecture Area. The manager of our Risk Control Division may participate in the Committee as well.

The members of the disclosure committee are involved in reviewing quarterly reports and in general all financial information disclosed by us prior to each disclosure.

Ethics Committee

The ethics committee was established in 2005 to define, promote and regulate behavior of professional and personal excellence consistent with our philosophy and values to be followed by all our staff in order to meet the expectations of our customers.

To meet these goals and promote a culture of ethical behavior, the ethics committee sets policies on ethics and ensures their compliance, develops training plans related to ethics in our business, and reinforces positive behavior among our staff. The ethics committee also acts as a forum to address, discuss and resolve any conduct by our staff that is inconsistent with our values. This committee is chaired by the manager of our People and Organization Division and includes our general counsel, the manager of our Risk Control Division, the manager of our Global Compliance Division, the manager of our Consumer Finance Division, and the manager of our Commercial Division.

 

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Management Committee

The management committee, the highest coordinating body of our management, is chaired by our chief executive officer, and its principal function is to discuss main strategic guidelines and to analyze the market and the banking industry.

This committee resolves issues relating to our internal policies and analyzes our performance. In this committee, numerous divisions exchange their points of view as to our business and prioritize joint initiatives. Each year, this committee outlines the foundations for our annual plan. After the individual annual plan for each business area is agreed upon by our chief executive officer and each division manager, under the coordination of our chief financial officer, the overall plan is submitted to our board of directors for approval. This committee also reviews progress and budgets for approved plans on a monthly basis.

Operational Risk Executive Committee

Created in 2009, the operational risk executive committee is responsible for identifying, prioritizing and establishing strategies to mitigate key operational risk events relating to internal and external fraud; risks associated with customer, product and business practices; damage to tangible assets; and disturbance of normal activity resulting from system malfunctions or failures in executing, delivering and processing products/services. This committee is also responsible for defining and evaluating our corporate strategy for managing operational risk, establishing guidelines and directing efforts to create controls and improve internal processes in order to reduce operational losses.

To comply with these objectives and foster an awareness of operational risk, this committee promotes a series of training activities and communicates to our staff important information relating to operating risks.

This committee is chaired by our chief executive officer and includes the manager of our Corporate Risk Division, our chief financial officer, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division, and the manager of our Operational Risk Area. The manager of our Risk Control Division, our general counsel, the manager of Clients Area of the Commercial Division, and the head of the Security and Risk Prevention Area may participate in this committee as well.

Quality Committee

This main objective of this committee is to generate strategic guidelines for decision-making on issues related to the attention of customers, through all channels available at the bank, by means of the analysis of customer perception and relevant competition. In addition, this committee supervises projects and initiatives aimed at increasing the permanence and referrals of our clients.

This committee is chaired by our chief executive officer, the manager of our Commercial Division, the manager of our Consumer Finance Division, the manager of our Operations and Technology Division, the manager of the Marketing and Products Area of the Commercial Division, the manager of Clients Area of the Commercial Division and the manager of the Quality Area of the Commercial Division.

Citigroup and Banco de Chile Cooperation Agreements Committees

In order to control and review the evolution of the joint initiatives resulting from our strategic association with Citigroup Inc., additionally to the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee, the following operating committees have been set up: (i) Global Transaction Services Committee; (ii) International Personal Banking Committee; (iii) Investment Banking Committee; (iv) Retail Initiatives Committee; and (v) Financial Control Committee of the Cooperation Agreement. The committees mentioned above are composed of the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer and two members of our board of directors that have been appointed by Citigroup Inc. Also taking part in these meetings, except in the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee, are division managers for each particular business line and the managers of the areas directly responsible for the respective business.

 

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The main purpose of the Global Connectivity Agreement Steering Committee is to act as a communication link between Banco de Chile and Citigroup in connection with the agreements entered into between them. The purposes of the other committees are:

(i) Global Transaction Services Committee (GTS)

The global transaction services committee was set up with the purpose of monitoring the overall performance of the transactional services areas in accordance with the Global Connectivity and Cooperation Agreements and, in particular, the functions of local and international cash management and custody for foreign investors.

(ii) International Personal Banking Committee (IPB)

The main goal of the international personal banking committee is to monitor the performance of the IPB unit in Banco de Chile in relation to the services provided by us to Citibank with respect to certain financial products and services offered abroad to residents of Chile. This committee seeks to strengthen Citibank’s commercial activities with individuals that are not residents of the United States.

(iii) Investment Banking Committee

The objective of the investment banking committee is to foster the development of cross-border merger and acquisition transactions, debt issuances and acquisitions, and capital markets for our customers and customers of Citigroup Inc. doing business in Chile. This committee is responsible for monitoring the execution of transactions performed under the Global Connectivity Agreement and collaborating in investment banking business opportunities.

(iv) Retail Initiatives Committee

The main purpose of this committee is to share best practices and business opportunities between both institutions.

(v) Financial Control Committee of the Cooperation Agreement

The most important purpose of the financial control committee of the Cooperation Agreement is to monitor in detail the operative and financial performance of the Global Connectivity and Cooperation Agreements.

Approval of Policies and Procedures under the Merger Agreement

The Merger Agreement between us and Citibank Chile provided that as a general rule our board of directors would approve and implement certain policies relating to the operation of the joint entity. At the time of filing of this annual report, policies regarding the following issues were approved and implemented:

 

 

Anti-Money Laundering;

 

 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;

 

 

Office of Foreign Assets Control;

 

 

Insider Trading;

 

 

Regulation K—Debts Previously Contracted;

 

 

Regulation K—Equity Activity;

 

 

Regulation W (23 A/B);

 

 

Code of Conduct;

 

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Fair Lending;

 

 

Personal Trading Policy;

 

 

Loans to Directors;

 

 

Independent Research;

 

 

Charitable Contributions;

 

 

Chinese Walls;

 

 

Anti-Tying;

 

 

Mandatory Absence Policy;

 

 

Compliance Policy/Program;

 

 

Administration of Subsidiaries;

 

 

Fraud Management;

 

 

Anti-Boycott;

 

 

Issue Tracking, Management and Escalation Process;

 

 

Operational Risk;

 

 

Credit Risk;

 

 

Vendor Selection and Management Process;

 

 

Web Site Standards;

 

 

Capital Expenditure Policy;

 

 

Expense Management Policy;

 

 

Accounting Policies and Procedures;

 

 

New Products and Services Policy;

 

 

Tax Standards for Tax Sensitive Transactions;

 

 

Tax Policy and Procedures; and

 

 

Fiduciary Policy.

In addition to the policies mentioned above, we are in the process of supplementing other policies currently in force that are material to our business, such as prevention of asset-laundering, credit risk and market risk.

 

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EMPLOYEES

The following table shows a breakdown of our full-time, permanent employees at the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  

Banco de Chile

     10,737         11,023         11,190   

Subsidiaries

     3,844         3,700         3,613   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     14,581         14,723         14,803   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, we had 14,803 employees (on a consolidated basis). 8,297 of our employees were unionized, which represented 56.0% of the total employees of the Bank and its subsidiaries. As of the same date, all management positions were held by non-unionized employees.

During 2012 we renegotiated the existing collective agreements of two of our subsidiaries, Socofin and Promarket, which jointly represented 17.3% of our total workforce as of December 31, 2012. Both of these agreements were due to expire in 2012. For one of the agreements we reached a two-year agreement, whereas for the others we signed four-year agreements.

These collective bargaining processes allowed us to standardize benefits among all of our employees, since we previously had multiple benefits programs due to our successive merger transactions.

In 2014, we renegotiated the existing collective bargaining agreements with five of the Bank’s unions and one of our subsidiaries’ (Promarket) unions. Although some of the collective bargaining agreements associated with our unions were due to expire in 2015, we decided to renegotiate them in advance. We reached four-year agreements expiring in 2018 for all of the collective bargaining agreements renegotiated with the Bank’s unions. In the negotiation of Promarket’s union, we agreed to a three-year agreement that expires in 2017. We believe all of these agreements reflect the satisfactory relationships between the Bank and its employees, while reinforcing our commitment to their career development.

We have comprehensive personnel training and development programs that include internal courses on operational, technical and commercial matters, as well as participation in external seminars and conferences. In 2014, the total cost of training programs was approximately 0.7 % of our consolidated personnel expenses. These expenses were associated with 790 training courses that were attended by 11,394 people. According to our management information systems, every trained person attended—on average—approximately 3.3 training courses during 2014. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2014 the Bank granted 465 scholarships to staff members for specialization purposes.

We do not maintain any pension or retirement programs for the vast majority of our employees. We do, however, pay certain long-serving key employees a severance payment upon retirement. Although we have provided productivity bonuses to individual employees on a discretionary basis, we do not maintain a formal profit-sharing plan.

SHARE OWNERSHIP

Mr. Andronico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic, members of our board of directors since March 2002 and April 2013, respectively, together with members of their family, control Quiñenco S.A. As of April 17, 2015, Quiñenco directly and indirectly owns 50% of LQIF, which in turns owns directly 25.71% of our outstanding shares and 0.19% through Inversiones LQ-SM Ltda. Quiñenco S.A also directly holds 0.11% of our total common stock. Additionally, Quiñenco S.A. holds 51.17% of the voting rights in Banco de Chile (directly and indirectly through shares of SM-Chile S.A. that are owned by LQIF and Inversiones LQ-SM Ltda. (“LQ-SM”). See Item 7—Major Shareholders, footnote (3)).

LQIF and LQ-SM are investment vehicles incorporated under Chilean law through which Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup hold their ownership interests in Banco de Chile. As part of the strategic partnership between Citigroup and Quiñenco, they entered into a framework agreement which was included in our 6-K filed on July 20, 2007. Pursuant to this agreement and following the merger of Citibank Chile into Banco de Chile, Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup became the shareholders of LQIF, the parent corporation of Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. (“SM-Chile”) and Banco de Chile, among other companies. LQ-SM is an investment vehicle whose major shareholder LQIF owns 99.99% of its shares.

 

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As of April 17, 2015, Citigroup is the owner of 50% of LQIF and Quiñenco, directly and indirectly, owns 50% of LQIF. Regardless of any increase in participation by Citigroup, however, the framework agreement provides that Quiñenco will remain in control of LQIF and the corporations that are directly or indirectly controlled by LQIF. Accordingly, Quiñenco will maintain the power to elect the majority of the directors of LQIF, SM-Chile and Banco de Chile.

Mr. Jacob Ergas controls Ever I Bae S.p.A., Ever Chile S.p.A. and Inversiones Aspen Limitada. As of April 17, 2015, these holding companies own 2.22%, 2.22% and 1.54% of our outstanding shares, respectively. Mr. Ergas holds 5.98% of the voting rights in Banco de Chile through these holding companies. Mr. Jacob Ergas has not been a member of the board since March 2011, when Mr. Jorge Ergas was appointed to the board of directors. Mr. Jacob Ergas and Mr. Jorge Ergas are father and son.

None of our directors or senior management directly owns 1% or more of our outstanding common stock. Further, none of our directors (including Mr. Andronico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic) or senior management have different or preferential voting rights with respect to the shares they own.

We do not have any arrangements for involving employees in our capital, including any arrangements that involve the issue or grant of options of our shares or securities.

 

Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS

Ownership Structure

As described in “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982–1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt,” the Chilean banking system, including us, experienced significant instability during that time that required the Central Bank and the Chilean Government to provide financial assistance to most Chilean private sector banks which resulted, pursuant to Law No. 18,818 enacted in 1989, in the repurchase by us of our portfolio of non-performing loans from the Central Bank and the assumption of the Central Bank’s subordinated debt relating to our non-performing loans.

In November 1996, pursuant to Law No. 19,396, our shareholders approved a reorganization by which we were converted into a holding company named SM-CHILE S.A. In turn, SM-CHILE organized a new wholly owned banking subsidiary named Banco de Chile, to which it contributed all of its assets and liabilities other than the Central Bank subordinated debt. In addition, SM-CHILE incorporated SAOS S.A. (“SAOS”), a special purpose legal vehicle created by Law 19,396, whose only business purpose is to repay the Central Bank indebtedness. In exchange for assuming the Central Bank indebtedness, SAOS received from SM-CHILE a certain portion of our shares pledged as collateral in favor of the Central Bank of Chile to secure payment to the Central Bank. Pursuant to applicable laws and the bylaws of both SAOS and SM-CHILE, the economic rights of our shares held by SAOS belong to the Chilean Central Bank; however, their voting rights are exercised by the shareholders of SM-CHILE at Banco de Chile’s shareholders’ meetings.

Currently, our major shareholder LQIF holds 51.17% (together with LQ-SM, as further explained below) of the voting rights of our shares. LQIF and Inversiones LQ-SM Ltda. are vehicles incorporated under Chilean law through which Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup hold their ownership interests in Banco de Chile. Additionally, Quiñenco S.A. has a direct participation of 0.11% in our total common stock. The voting rights of LQIF and LQ-SM is the result of the right of LQIF and LQ-SM, pursuant to applicable law and bylaws, to vote (i) our shares owned by LQIF and LQ-SM; (ii) our shares owned by SM-CHILE, based on the ownership percentage of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE; and, (iii) our shares owned by SAOS, as a shareholder of SM-CHILE, based on the ownership percentage of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE, at our shareholders’ meetings. According to the bylaws of SM-CHILE, the voting rights of SM-CHILE, shares (Series A, B and D) which in turn possess voting rights over Banco de Chile shares, are exercised in accordance with the following rule: each share of SM-CHILE, exercises the voting rights of one of our shares plus 2.38337827 of our shares owned by SAOS. The latter factor is the result of dividing the number of our shares owned by SAOS (28,593,701,789)

 

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by the number of total outstanding shares of SM-CHILE, Series A, B and D (11,997,131,195). Consequently, each SM-CHILE share (Series A, B and D) with voting rights over our shares may vote 3.38337827 shares of Banco de Chile. SM-CHILE’s Series E exercises voting rights of Banco de Chile shares in a one-to-one ratio.

Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of outstanding shares as of April 17, 2015 for the following:

 

 

each person or entity who is known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding shares capital or voting rights; and SAOS, LQIF and SM-Chile.

 

 

our directors and members of our executive management group, as a group.

Ownership in Banco de Chile(1)

(As of April 17, 2015)

 

Name

   Amount Owned      Percentage  

SAOS(2)

     28,593,701,789         30.21

SM-CHILE

     12,138,549,725         12.82

LQIF and LQ-SM(3)

     24,512,659,593         25.90

Jacob Ergas(4)

     5,651,242,095         5.98

Directors and executive officers as a group(5)

     1,173,961,591         1.24

Voting Rights in Banco de Chile

(As of April 17, 2015)

 

Name

   Amount Owed      Percentage  

LQIF and LQ-SM

     48,430,601,136         51.17

Jacob Ergas

     5,651,242,095         5.98

Directors and executive officers as a group(6)

     1,448,896,259         1.53

 

(1) Percentages are based on 94,655,367,544 shares outstanding as of April 17, 2015. Each share has one vote and all shares have identical voting rights. We have no shares outstanding with special voting rights.
(2) SM-CHILE beneficially owns 100% of SAOS. Our shares owned by SAOS (which are all pledged as collateral in favor of the Chilean Central Bank to secure repayment of the Central Bank indebtedness) possess economic rights that belong to the Chilean Central Bank, although the voting rights, pursuant to the by-laws of both SAOS and SM-CHILE, are exercised by the shareholders of SM-CHILE, at the Bank’s shareholders’ meetings. In terms of economic rights, all classes of shares of SM-Chile have the right to receive dividends, with the exception of class A shares, which do not have this right (classes B, D and E are entitled to dividends from the income generated by SM-Chile when we decide to distribute dividends).
(3) LQIF and LQ-SM hold 47.13% and 11.11%, respectively, of SM-Chile’s total shares. The total percentage ownership of LQIF and LQ-SM in SM-CHILE was calculated by adding the total number of shares of LQIF and LQ-SM, as shareholders of record, divided by the total number of shares issued by SM-Chile. LQIF and LQ-SM do not beneficially own all of our shares owned by SM-CHILE because SM-CHILE has, as of April 17, 2015, a total of 17,276 shareholders. LQ-SM is an investment vehicle whose major shareholder LQIF owns 99.99% of its shares. As of its incorporation date (August 26, 2002), we were informed that LQ-SM’s total capital was CLP$73,175,029,140. In connection with the framework agreement executed between Citigroup, Inc. and Quiñenco S.A. in July 2007 and following the merger of Citibank Chile into Banco de Chile, Citigroup became a shareholder of LQIF. As of April 17, 2015, Citigroup is the owner of 50% of LQIF, and Quiñenco directly and indirectly owns 50% of LQIF. Regardless of any increase in participation by Citigroup, however, the agreement provides that Quiñenco will remain in control of LQIF and the corporations that are directly or indirectly controlled by LQIF. Accordingly, Quiñenco will maintain the right to elect the majority of the directors of LQIF, SM-CHILE and Banco de Chile. As of December 31, 2014, members of the Luksic family or their affiliates beneficially owned 81.4% of the common shares of Quiñenco S.A. Mr. Andrónico Luksic and Mr. Jean Paul Luksic are members of our board of directors.
(4) Mr. Jacob Ergas holds his shares through Ever 1 Bae S.p.A., Ever Chile S.p.A. and Inversiones Aspen Ltda., which are holding companies under his control. Mr. Jacob Ergas has not been a member of the board since March 2011 when Mr. Jorge Ergas was appointed director of the board. Mr. Jacob Ergas and Mr. Jorge Ergas are father and son, respectively.

 

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(5) Percentage reflects direct and indirect share ownership, excluding the share ownership of Mr. Andronico Luksic, Mr. Jean Paul Luksic and Mr. Jorge Ergas, members of our board of directors, whose direct and indirect ownership is reflected and discussed under the share ownership of LQIF, LQ-SM and Jacob Ergas above.
(6) Percentage reflects direct and indirect share ownership, excluding the share ownership of Mr. Andronico Luksic, Mr. Jean Paul Luksic and Mr. Jorge Ergas, members of our board of directors, whose direct and indirect ownership is reflected and discussed under the share ownership of LQIF, LQ-SM and Jacob Ergas above.

The following charts provide additional information on the voting rights held by LQIF and LQ-SM as of April 17, 2015:

Voting rights of LQIF in Banco de Chile

 

Ownership

   Shares owned by
LQIF
     Voting Ratio      LQIF Voting Shares
as a result of the
application of Voting
Ratio in BCH
     Voting Rights
of LQIF

(as %)
in BCH
 

Direct ownership in BCH

     24,332,365,224         1.00000000         24,332,365,224         25.71

Shares SM-A

     —           3.38337827         —           —     

Shares SM-B

     5,497,274,771         3.38337827         18,599,360,004         19.65   

Shares SM-D

     223,364,308         3.38337827         755,725,945         0.80   

Shares SM-E

     —           1.00000000         —           —     
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total LQ-SM in BCH

     30,053,004,303            43,687,451,173         46.16
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

Voting rights of LQ-SM in Banco de Chile

 

Ownership

   Shares owned by
LQ-SM
     Voting Ratio as set
in SM-CHILE By
laws
     LQ-SM Voting
Shares as a result of
the application of
Voting Ratio in BCH
     Voting Rights
of LQ-SM

(as % ) in
BCH
 

Direct ownership in BCH

     180,294,369         1.00000000         180,294,369         0.19

Shares SM-A

     377,528,973         3.38337827         1,277,323,323         1.35   

Shares SM-B

     971,080,384         3.38337827         3,285,532,269         3.47   

Shares SM-D

     —           3.38337827         —           —     

Shares SM-E

     —           1.00000000         —           —     
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total LQ-SM in BCH

     1,528,903,726            4,743,149,961         5.01
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

 

 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the ordinary course of our business, we engage in a variety of transactions with certain of our affiliates and related parties. Financial information concerning these transactions is set forth in Note 39 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The Chilean Corporations Law was amended in October 2009 by Law No. 20,382, which also introduced changes to several others laws to improve Chilean corporate governance. As part of these changes, the concept of related party transactions in the Chilean Corporations Law was amended. The new regulation established different treatment for closely held corporations and for publicly held corporations.

In accordance with the Chilean Corporations Law, related party transactions in publicly held corporations are defined as every negotiation, act, contract or operation in which the corporation deals with any of the following persons: (i) one or more persons related to the corporation, in accordance with the Chilean Securities Law No. 18,045; (ii) a director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator of the corporation, acting on its own behalf or on behalf of third parties, or their respective husband or wife or any other person to which such director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator, or their husband or wife has a second degree relationship with (either by consanguinity or affinity); (iii) companies or corporations in which the persons mentioned in the previous item are owners, directly or through other juridical or natural persons, of 10% or more of its capital, directors, managers, administrators or main executives; (iv) those established in the bylaws of the corporation or those reasonably agreed by the board of directors; or (v) persons who acted as a director, manager, administrator, main executive or liquidator of the corporation within eighteen months of the relevant transaction.

 

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We may only enter into transactions with related parties if (i) the purpose of the transaction is in our best interest, (ii) the transaction reflects prevailing market prices, terms, and conditions and (iii) the transaction complies with the requirements and procedures specified in the Chilean Corporations Law, which requires our board of directors to approve the relevant transaction based upon the criteria mentioned in items (i) and (ii) of this paragraph. In order for our board of directors to approve any such transactions, the related party involved in or negotiating the transaction must give prior notice to our board of directors.

A violation of these provisions shall not affect the transaction’s validity, but shall grant us, our shareholders or third parties an indemnification right to claim damages for the benefit of the company. The amount of damages claimed shall be equal to the sum of the benefits improperly obtained by the related party as a result of the relevant transaction. All board resolutions approving such related party transactions must be reported to our shareholders at the following ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. Violations of this provision may result in administrative or criminal sanctions and civil liability to shareholders or third parties who suffer losses as a result of such violation.

The following transactions with related parties may be executed without complying with the requirements previously mentioned, subject to the prior approval of our board of directors: (i) transactions that are not considered material (for this purpose, an act or contract is deemed material if (1) it exceeds 1% of our paid-in capital and reserves and it also exceeds UF 2,000 or (2) it exceeds UF 20,000; and there is a presumption that all contracts celebrated within a period of 12 months constitute one single transaction, irrespective of whether they are executed in one or more separate transactions during such period of time); (ii) transactions that, according to a general policy of customary transactions adopted by the board of directors of the corporation, are considered customary in connection with our corporate purpose; and (iii) transactions among corporations in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 95% of the stake of the counterparty.

In connection with number (ii) above, on December 29, 2009, our board of directors established the following general policy which permits us to carry out certain transactions with related parties without the requirements and procedures set forth in the Chilean Corporations Law. The general policy adopted by our board of directors permits, among other things, transactions in the ordinary course of our business, such as opening current accounts, making deposits, extending loans or credit lines with or without collateral, factoring transactions, the sale and transfer of commercial paper, collections, payments and funds transfers, foreign exchange transactions and issuing letters of credit. This general policy has also been extended to our affiliates.

We believe that we have complied with the applicable requirements of the Chilean Corporations Law in all transactions with related parties and affirm that we will continue to comply with such requirements. See Note 39 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014, appearing elsewhere in this annual report for a more detailed accounting of our transactions with related parties.

On July 19, 2007, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation entered into a Master Joint Venture Agreement (the “Framework Agreement”) that set forth the parameters of a partnership between Quiñenco S.A. and Citigroup Inc., including the eventual merger of Citibank Chile into us. The Framework Agreement provided that Citigroup Inc. would initially acquire a 32.96% equity interest in LQIF, our controlling shareholder, and would be entitled to increase its stake in LQIF to either 41.4778% or 50% through the exercise of several options. Citigroup Inc. could also be required to increase its stake in LQIF to 50% if Quiñenco S.A. exercised a put option under the Framework Agreement. The acquisition by Citigroup Inc. of its initial interest in LQIF occurred, with effect on January 1, 2008, under the terms of the Framework Agreement and the corresponding Merger Agreement between us and Citibank Chile. For purposes of the Merger Agreement, the operations and businesses of Citibank Chile that were effectively contributed to us were deemed to represent 10.497% of the post-merger entity and, together with other assets and businesses contributed by Citigroup Inc. to LQIF, were the basis for the issuance by LQIF of the 32.96% equity interest in LQIF transferred to Citigroup Inc. As consideration for the merger, we issued and conveyed to LQIF (and indirectly, the holders of Citibank Chile shares) 8,443,861,140 no-par value “Banco de Chile-S” series shares (which, as of the date hereof, were converted into ordinary shares, by means of the amendment of the Bank’s Bylaws).

Under the Framework Agreement, Quiñenco S.A. remains as the controlling shareholder of LQIF and therefore of us, while Citigroup Inc. is granted certain governance and other shareholder rights in LQIF. With respect to the governance rights in us, Citigroup Inc. has the right to name two directors to our 11-member board of directors, while Quiñenco would maintain the right to appoint a majority of our board of directors. Citigroup Inc.

 

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also has the power to propose the appointment of certain of our executive officers (including our chief financial officer) and at least one representative on our directors/audit committees. Under this agreement, Citigroup Inc. was also granted certain veto rights over certain “fundamental strategic decisions” (as defined in the Framework Agreement), such as the delisting of our ADSs from the New York Stock Exchange or the delisting of our shares from the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange, entry into new lines of business or large acquisitions, approval of related party transactions and changes to our bylaws or organizational documents. Furthermore, Citigroup Inc. agreed to purchase substantially all of the assets of our North American (i.e., Miami and New York) branches for U.S.$130 million. Because Citigroup beneficially owns 50% of LQIF, it may name up to five of the 11 members of our board of directors (such number to be reduced by the number of directors appointed by minority shareholders, provided that Citigroup Inc. always shall have the right to appoint at least one director), including the vice chairman, pursuant to the terms of the Framework Agreement. However, even in this circumstance, Quiñenco S.A. would still be entitled to appoint a majority of our board of directors. The Framework Agreement also sets forth a series of ancillary agreements proposed to be entered into by the parties to the Framework Agreement and some of their affiliates.

On December 19, 2008, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation amended the Framework Agreement (the “Amendment”), and through it the Shareholders’ Agreement mentioned below. The Amendment provided that if Citigroup Inc. did not acquire 8.52% of LQIF’s shares (to hold at least a 41.4778% ownership interest in LQIF) as a consequence of the actions and decisions of any relevant authority in the United States, Quiñenco S.A. shall have the right to compensation as provided in the Amendment, and Citigroup Inc. shall have the option of acquiring either a 41.4778% or a 50% interest in LQIF. Furthermore, the Amendment provided that if for any reason Citigroup Inc. did not exercise any of the call options mentioned in the previous sentence, Quiñenco S.A. or its affiliates, as applicable, shall be entitled to require Citigroup Inc. to sell to them an amount of shares of LQIF such that, after such sale, Quiñenco S.A. shall directly or through its affiliates own an 80.1% ownership interest in LQIF. If this had occurred, Citigroup Inc.’s governance and other shareholder rights mentioned in the preceding paragraph should have been those provided in Clause Six of the Shareholders’ Agreement referred to below. Notwithstanding these provisions, on January 29, 2010, Citigroup Inc. exercised a call option to acquire 8.52% of LQIF’s shares and, on March 15, 2010, Citigroup Inc. exercised another call option to acquire an additional 8.52% of LQIF’s shares. Consequently, since April 30, 2010 Citigroup Inc. and Citigroup Overseas Investment Corporation indirectly own 50% of LQIF. As a result, since April 30, 2010, Citigroup Inc. has been granted certain corporate governance rights over us, as described above.

Effective January 9, 2014, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation entered into an amendment to the “Framework Agreement, and additionally Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and other shareholders of LQIF entered into an amendment to the Shareholders’ Agreement (as defined below) (collectively, the “2014 Amendments”), to, among other things, reduce LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.’s minimum shareholding in Banco de Chile (direct and indirect) from 58.33% to 51%. Prior to the 2014 Amendments, Citigroup had the right to appoint five of the permanent members of our board of directors, provided that the number of directors Citigroup had the right to appoint was reduced by the number of directors appointed by minority shareholders (subject to a minimum of one permanent director appointed by Citigroup). Pursuant to the 2014 Amendments, Citigroup maintains its right to appoint five of the permanent members of our board of directors, except that in the event our minority shareholders appoint five permanent directors and thus no person proposed by Citigroup can be appointed as a permanent director, then Citigroup shall have the right to appoint two alternate directors.

On December 27, 2007, Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and the minority shareholders of LQIF entered into a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) that formalized the rights of Citigroup Inc. with respect to the governance rights in us as set forth in the Framework Agreement (and as discussed in the preceding paragraph). The Shareholders Agreement became effective on January 1, 2008.

On December 27, 2007, we entered into the Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup Inc. The Global Connectivity Agreement enables us and our clients to become part of Citigroup’s global network and provides a framework for us and Citigroup Inc. to direct new business to both companies. The agreement sets forth the terms upon which we, Citigroup Inc. and our respective affiliates will develop a relationship with respect to cross-border business and certain related services (such as corporate and investment banking services, international personal banking services and global transactions services, among others). The parties agreed on the following principles with respect to implementing the terms of the agreement: (i) the promotion of global connectivity

 

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products among Chilean customers, (ii) the setup of a technology platform, (iii) the training of employees and officers, and (iv) the construction of international support networks to carry out the transactions contemplated by the agreement. On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup amended the Global Connectivity Agreement. The purpose of the amendment was to clarify and supplement the terms of the original agreement with respect to the banking services to be provided in Chile and abroad.

On December 27, 2007, we also entered into a Trademark License Agreement with Citigroup Inc. (the “Trademark License Agreement”) in which Citigroup Inc. granted us a non-exclusive paid-up and royalty-free license to use certain of Citigroup Inc.’s trademarks in Chilean territory. In addition, Citigroup Inc. granted us a license to use its domain name solely in connection with marketing and promoting authorized services in Chilean territory. On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup Inc. amended the Trademark License Agreement. The amendment requires us to deliver a certificate at least once a year confirming that we are in compliance with the standards set forth in the Trademark License Agreement. In addition, we must comply with certain additional quality control standards approved periodically by Citigroup Inc. relating to certain products, and Citigroup Inc. has the right to review and inspect all materials relating to the offer and sale of certain products. On September 5, 2014 we entered into a new amendment to the Trademark License Agreement with Citigroup Inc. whereby both parties agreed that the authorization to use the licensed marks of Citigroup will include new product lines. On November 18, 2014 we agreed with Citigroup Inc. that, as part of the quality control measures set forth in the Trademark License Agreement, we are required to obtain authorization from other entities whose brands are included in marketing material that incorporates licensed trademarks of Citigroup Inc.; and we agreed that in case of violation of applicable law or economic or reputational harm to Citigroup, the indemnity provisions under the Trademark License Agreement may apply.

On December 27, 2007, we entered into a Cooperation Agreement with Citigroup Inc. (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with the purpose of providing a framework for the integration of Citibank Chile with us following the merger and ensuring a successful relationship between us and Citigroup Inc. In particular, the Cooperation Agreement establishes a communication mechanism between us and Citigroup Inc. to enhance the exchange of ideas and information related to the integration of our business with that of Citibank Chile and provides for certain specific areas of collaboration going forward (such as with respect to our hedging and derivatives strategies). On February 27, 2009, we and Citigroup Inc. amended the Cooperation Agreement to require each company to establish specific formal processes for sharing information about regulatory changes in the United States and Chile that may have an impact on us. This Cooperation Agreement together with the Operating Agreements (for this purposes the Global Connectivity Agreement and the Licensing Agreement) are valid for six (6) years from January 1, 2008 through January 1, 2014. Those agreements provide that we and Citigroup may agree on an extension for another six years from January 1, 2014 through January 1, 2020, which extension must be agreed to in writing by January 1, 2013; otherwise, the effective agreements will be extended—once—for two (2) years, from January 1, 2014 through January 1, 2016, when they will expire without any further proceeding. Since the parties did not reach an agreement before January 1, 2013 in order to extend the term of such agreements for an additional 6-year period, the agreements were automatically extended until January 1, 2016. During this extension the parties may agree on an additional extension of the agreements.

On December 31, 2007, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Citibank, N.A. (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), whereby we sold substantially all of the assets and operations of our banking businesses in Miami and New York to Citibank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A. agreed to offer employment to substantially all of the employees in those branches and to assume substantially all of the liabilities related to such assets and operations. In consideration for this sale, we were paid an aggregate purchase price of U.S.$130 million, in addition to the assumption of liabilities. Following the completion of the sale, the Miami and New York branches were placed in voluntary liquidation in January 2008. In March 2008, the banking licenses for both branches were surrendered to the appropriate banking regulator.

On September 25, 2009, we entered into a Master Services Agreement with Citigroup Inc. This agreement regulates and supplements certain reciprocal services that, before the merger between us and Citibank Chile, had been provided pursuant to the terms of certain service agreements then in effect between Citigroup Inc. (and certain of its affiliates) and Citibank Chile, which were assumed, after the merger, by us as legal successor to Citibank Chile. Furthermore, this Agreement seeks to foster global connectivity with respect to the banking and financial services referred to in the Global Connectivity Agreement and in the other agreements executed with Citigroup Inc. mentioned above. This agreement has the same term of validity as the Cooperation Agreement aforementioned.

 

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On December 19, 2012, by means of a public deed signed before the Public Notary of Mr. René Benavente Cash, Banco de Chile together with its affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada entered into an agreement with Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A. called Collective Debtor’s Life Insurance Agreement (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen”) for loan mortgages. Said agreement was entered pursuant to article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 1931, General Regulation N° 330 of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and Circular N° 3,530 of the SBIF and Financial Institutions, both dated March 21, 2012, upon which the public bid for the collective policy for life insurance covering loan mortgages was adjudicated to Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., who offered the lowest rate of 0.0119800% monthly, including a 14.00% commission fee for the insurance broker Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada, who will act as intermediary of the policy.

Additionally, on December 28, 2012, we and our affiliated companies Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada, and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., extended until December 31, 2015, the following existent insurance agreements, excluding those insurance agreements related to loan mortgages that are subject to a public bid in accordance with article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 193 mentioned above:

 

1. Brokerage Agreement entered into by the affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada and the related company Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.

 

2. Agreements entered into by Banco de Chile and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.:

 

  a) Collection and Data Administration Agreement.

 

  b) Use Agreement for Distribution Channels.

 

  c) Banchile’s Trademark License Agreement.

 

  d) Credit Life Insurance Agreement

 

3. Framework agreement for Insurance Banking, entered into by Banco de Chile, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.

On June 19, 2013, by means of a public deed signed before the Public Notary Mr. Raúl Perry Pefaur, Banco de Chile acquired all of the shares of Banchile Factoring S.A. (a Bank’s subsidiary) held by our subsidiary Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. Pursuant to the Ley de Sociedades Anónimas (Chilean Corporation Law) article 103 N° 2, after a period of ten days starting from the date of acquisition, Banchile Factoring S.A. was dissolved and Banco de Chile became its legal successor on June 30, 2013.

On December 9, 2013, by means of a public deed signed before the Public Notary Mr. René Benavente Cash, we and our affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada entered into an agreement with Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., namely the “Collective Debtor’s Life Insurance Agreement” (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen”) and the “Collective Debtor’s Life, Total and Permanent Disability 2/3 Insurance Agreement (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen e Invalidez Total y Permanente 2/3”) (portfolio in pesos and housing subsidies D.S. N°1 de 2011), both for loan mortgages. The aforementioned agreements were entered pursuant article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 1931, General Regulation N° 330 of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and Circular N° 3,530 of the SBIF and Financial Institutions, both dated March 21, 2012, upon which the public bid for the Debtor’s Life Insurance and Debtor’s Life and Total and Permanent Disability 2/3 Insurance agreements (portfolio in pesos and housing subsidies D.S. N°1 de 2011) the agreements were awarded to Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A. who offered in both cases the lowest rates of 0.0103% monthly and of 0.0109% monthly, respectively, including a 14.00% fee for the insurance broker Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada.

On December 26, 2013, we and Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A. entered into an amendment to the Use of Distribution Channels Agreement (“Convenio Uso de Canales de Distribución”), dated December 28th, 2012, adjusting the percentage of the fee associated to certain insurances and the base calculation formula of the fee agreed in the mentioned Agreement. This amendment is effective from December 1st, 2013, to December 31st, 2015.

 

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On December 10, 2014, by means of a public deed signed before a Public Notary, we and our affiliate Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada entered into two agreements with Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A.; specifically, the Collective Debtor’s Life Insurance Agreement (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen”) and the Collective Debtor’s Life Total and Permanent Disability 2/3 Insurance Agreement (“Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen e Invalidez Total y Permanente 2/3”) (portfolio in pesos and housing subsidies D.S. N° 1 of 2011), both relating to loan mortgages. The aforementioned agreements were entered into pursuant to Article 40 of DFL N° 251 of 1931, General Regulation N° 330 of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurances and Order N° 3,530 of the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions, both dated March 21, 2012, upon which the public bid for the Collective Policy for Life Insurances and Total and Permanent Disability 2/3 Insurance Agreement (portfolio in pesos and housing subsidies D.S. N° 1 of 2011) were awarded to Banchile Seguros de Vida S.A., who offered in both cases the lowest rates. The rates offered were 0.0101% monthly and 0.0103% monthly for the Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen and Contrato de Seguro Colectivo de Desgravamen e Invalidez Total y Permanente 2/3, respectively, including a 14.00% fee for the insurance broker Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada.

Loans to Related Parties

As disclosed in Note 39(c) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report, we incurred an aggregate of Ch$304,066 million in expenses and Ch$211,405 million in income from transactions with related parties in 2014, other than loans. As authorized by the General Banking Law, and within the regulatory limits, we hold several outstanding loans owed to us by affiliated corporations. All such loans:

 

  (i) were made in the ordinary course of business;
  (ii) were made on terms, including interest rates and collateral, substantially the same as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons; and

 

  (iii) did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

We held an aggregate of Ch$349,295 million in loans (allowances for loan losses not deducted) to related parties, including Ch$62,203 million in collateral pledged by related parties, as of December 31, 2014. See Note 39(c) to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report for details concerning on these transactions.

 

Item 8 Financial Information

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements

Please refer to “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Legal Proceedings

We and our subsidiaries are subject to claims and are parties to legal proceedings in the normal course of business. A summary of certain current legal proceedings is below.

Erroneous Electronic Forwarding of Bank Statements Claim

On August, 2012 Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile (a Chilean consumer association) filed a class action against Banco de Chile pursuant to Law N ° 19,496, whereby the plaintiff demanded that we compensate 52,770 of our current account holders who were affected by erroneous electronic forwarding of bank statements that occurred in July 2012. The plaintiff seeks total compensation of CLP$ 80,000 (approx. U.S.$ 170) for each account holder as well as the reimbursement of maintenance fees charged on current accounts. On September 17, 2014 a judgment was rendered rejecting the action. The judgment was appealed by the plaintiff and currently the claim is under judicial review by the Court of Appeals of Santiago (Corte de Apelaciones de Santiago).

 

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It is not possible to predict the outcome of this proceeding; however, in any case it will not have a material impact on us.

Charges brought under Securities Market Law

On January 30, 2014 the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (“SVS”) (“Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros”) brought charges against Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. (“Banchile Corredores”) for the alleged infringement of Article 53 second paragraph of Law 18,045 (“Ley de Mercado de Valores”), for certain specific transactions performed during the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 related to Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.’s shares (SQM-B y SQM-A). In this regard, Article 53 second paragraph of Law 18,045 provides that “…no person may engage in transactions or induce or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of securities, whether or not governed by this Act, by means of any misleading or deceptive act, practice, mechanism or artifice… .”

On October 30, 2014, the SVS imposed a fine of UF 50.000 (approximately U.S.$2.0 million as of December 31, 2014) on Banchile Corredores, based on alleged infringement of Article 53 second paragraph of Law 18,045 for a specific transaction of SQM-A’s shares intermediated by Banchile in 2011. Banchile has filed a claim against that resolution before the 11th Santiago Civil Court requesting to void such fine. The process is currently ongoing. According to Banchile Corredores’ attorney in charge of the claim, there are valid grounds to obtain a favorable judgement in favor of Banchile Corredores.

Consumer Protection Claims

On February 21, 2014, Banco de Chile was notified of a complaint filed by the National Consumer Service (Servicio Nacional del Consumidor, or “SERNAC”) in the Twelfth Civil Court of Santiago as a collective action pursuant to Law No. 19,496. The legal action challenges certain clauses that exists in the Person Products Unified Agreement (“Contrato Unificado de Productos de Personas”) regarding fees on lines of credit for overdrafts and the validity of tacit consent to changes in fees, charges and other conditions in consumer contracts. The Bank has answered the complaint and asked the court to dismiss all charges. With regard to the same matter, on January 16, 2015 Banco de Chile was notified of a complaint submitted by the National Corporation of Consumers and Users of Chile (“Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile” or “CONADECUS”) in the Twenty-Third Civil Court of Santiago as a collective action pursuant to Law No. 19,496. The claims under this action are basically the same as those alleged by SERNAC before the Twelfth Civil Court of Santiago, mentioned above, along with a claim for the outsourcing of certain services related to our clients’ current account data.

On December 10, 2014, Banco de Chile was notified of a collective action submitted by the National Organization of Consumers and Users of Chile (“Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile” or “ODECU”) in the Fifth Civil Court of Santiago requiring the Court to declare the invalidity of certain provisions of the Person Products Unified Agreement which are alleged to be abusive. These provisions refer to the use of banking cards, ID numbers and passwords in order to execute certain services with us. The plaintiff alleges that, in case of phishing or pharming, the bank and not the client should be responsible for proving the client’s diligence in the use of self-service channel services.

At this stage, the potential effects of a judgment in the claims mentioned above cannot be quantified.

In the ordinary course of business, we have other lawsuits and legal proceedings that will not have an adverse effect on us. According to our policies, we have established contingency allowances that may arise from lawsuits and legal proceedings. See Note 27 (c) to our the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, appearing elsewhere in this report.

 

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Dividends

General

We currently have a single series of common shares and the dividends on our shares are proposed by our board of directors and are approved by our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting following the year with respect to which the dividends are proposed. Our ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is required to be held in the first three months of each year. Following shareholder approval, the dividends are declared and paid. Dividends are paid to shareholders of record on the fifth business day preceding the date set for payment of the dividend. The applicable record dates for the payment of dividends to holders of our ADSs are, to the extent practicable, the same. Under the Chilean Corporations Law and regulations issued thereunder, Chilean public corporations are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their consolidated annual earnings as dividends, except to the extent they have accumulated losses. Under the General Banking Law, a Chilean bank may pay dividends upon approval of its shareholders from (i) net earnings of previous fiscal years (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted), (ii) the reserve kept for that purpose or (iii) other funds permitted under Chilean law.

Our dividend policy is affected to some extent by the rights of SAOS, our affiliate, pursuant to its assumption of the Central Bank indebtedness discussed in “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Bank—History—The 1982–1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt.”

Cash Dividends

In March 2011, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend No. 199 in the amount of Ch$2.937587 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2010 net distributable income.

In March 2012, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend No. 200, in the amount of Ch$2.984740 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2011 net distributable income.

In March 2013, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend No. 201 in the amount of Ch$3.41625263165 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2012 net distributable income. As mentioned in our previous 20-F report, “Banco de Chile-T series” shares did not have right to receive dividends and fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once such dividends and fully paid-in shares were distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares were automatically converted into Banco de Chile shares.

In March 2014, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 202 in the amount of Ch$3.48356970828 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2013 net distributable income.

In March 2015, our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders meeting agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 203 in the amount of Ch$3.42915880220 per ordinary share, with a corresponding charge to our 2014 net distributable income.

The following table sets forth the cash dividends declared per common share during the years ended December 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,  
     2012     2013     2014  
     (in Ch$, except percentages)     (in U.S.$)  

Chile GAAP:

        

Dividend payout ratio(1)

     69.22     73.45     71.67     —     

Dividend per Common Share(2)—for shares not pledged to the Central Bank

     2.98        3.42        3.48        0.008   

Dividend per Common Share(2)—for shares pledged to the Central
Bank
(3)

     4.26        4.88        4.98        0.006   

Average Dividend per Common Share

     3.41        3.90        3.95        0.007   

 

(1) Dividend payout ratio is calculated by dividing the amount of dividends paid by the earnings per share of the prior year.

 

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(2) Dividends per share are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(3) Includes additional payments to the Central Bank by amounts of Ch$37,301 million in 2012, Ch$42,696 million in 2013 and Ch$43,537 million in 2014, pursuant to Law No. 19,396.

Whether future dividends will be paid will depend upon our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, governmental regulations and policies and other factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that dividends in future years will be paid at a rate similar to dividends paid in past years.

Stock Dividends

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2012, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$71.97 per share, which will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02034331347 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396. As mentioned in our previous 20-F report, “Banco de Chile-T series” shares did not have rights to receive dividends and fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once such dividends and fully paid-in shares were distributed on May 30, 2013 the Banco de Chile-T shares were automatically converted into Banco de Chile shares.

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 27, 2014, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2013, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$64.56 per share, which will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02312513083 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 26, 2015, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$65.31 per share. The stock dividend will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02250251855 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396. This capitalization is currently subject to the SBIF’s approval.

Capital Increases

At the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2012, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$71.97 per share, which was distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02034331347 fully paid-in shares per share, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

As mentioned under “Stock Dividends”, at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 27, 2014, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2013, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$64.56 per share, which will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02312513083 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396. As a result, the Bank’s capital after this capitalization is Ch$1,944,920,279,413.

As mentioned under “Stock Dividends”, at the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 26, 2015, our shareholders agreed to a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2014, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, with a value of Ch$65.31 per share. This stock dividend will be distributed to the shareholders at the fixed rate of 0.02250251855 fully paid-in shares per share currently held, subject to the exercise of the options established under article 31 of Law 19,396. After this capitalization, the Bank’s paid-in capital will amount to Ch$2,041,172,778,777. As mentioned before, this capitalization is currently subject to the SBIF’s approval.

 

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ADR Holders

Dividends payable to holders of our ADSs are net of conversion expenses of the depositary and are subject to Chilean withholding tax currently at the rate of 35%, subject to certain credits. Owners of our ADSs are not charged any fees with respect to cash or stock dividends.

Pursuant to current Chilean foreign exchange regulations, a shareholder who is not a resident of Chile does not need to be authorized as a foreign investor in order to receive dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to its shares remitted outside Chile, but the investor must inform the Central Bank about any such transactions and must remit foreign currency through the Formal Exchange Market. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls” for additional information on how ADS holders may remit currency outside Chile.

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES

No significant changes in our financial condition have occurred since the date of the most recent audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

 

Item 9 The Offer and Listing

Nature of Trading Market

Shares of our common stock are traded on all Chilean stock exchanges. Our shares have been listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange since 1894 and on the Electronic Stock Exchange since 1989. The Santiago Stock Exchange is the main trading market for our shares.

The Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. The Santiago Stock Exchange, which is Chile’s main exchange, had a market capitalization of approximately U.S.$234 billion as of December 31, 2014. As of the same date, the total annual trading turnover was approximately U.S.$31,837 million while the average monthly trading turnover was approximately U.S.$2,653 million. The Santiago Stock Exchange was established in 1893 and is a private company whose equity consists of 48 shares owned by 44 shareholders. As of December 31, 2014, 230 companies and 251 series of shares were listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange.

According to information provided by the SVS, as of September 30, 2014 (the latest available data) the Santiago Stock Exchange accounted for 93.1% of the equity trading in Chile. As of the same date, approximately 6.9% of equity trading in Chile was conducted on the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. The remaining amount of equities was traded on the Valparaiso Stock Exchange.

In addition, as reported by the Santiago Stock Exchange, the ten largest companies in terms of market capitalization represented, as of December 31, 2014, approximately 45.1% of the Santiago Stock Exchange’s aggregate market capitalization and accounted for approximately 47.6% of its equity trading. During 2014 approximately 30.3% of the companies listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange had their shares traded on an average of 70% or more of the exchange’s trading days.

Our ADSs, each representing 600 shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value, have been listed on the NYSE since January 2, 2002 under the symbol “BCH.” JPMorgan Chase Bank is our depositary for purposes of the ADSs. As of December 31, 2014, a maximum of 3,633,353 ADSs were outstanding (equivalent to 2,180,011,800 shares of common stock or 2.3% of the total number of issued shares of common stock as of the same date). Since certain of our ADSs are held by brokers or other nominees, the number of record holders in the United States may not be fully indicative of the number of direct beneficial owners in the United States or of where the beneficial owners of such shares are resident.

In January of 2014, 1,809,000,000 ADSs were offered and sold by LQIF in the United States and elsewhere outside Chile.

 

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In 2002 we listed our shares of common stock on Latibex. Trading of these shares started on October 8, 2002 under the code “XBCH,” grouped in trading units of 600 shares. Effective October 18, 2013, we voluntarily delisted our trading units from Latibex.

In addition, since December 20, 2002, our trading units are listed on the LSE.

The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices (in nominal Chilean pesos) of the traded shares of our securities, labeled “Chile” series, on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Electronic Stock Exchange and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange:

 

     Santiago Stock Exchange      Electronic Stock Exchange      Valparaiso Stock Exchange  

Period

   High      Low      High      Low      High      Low  
     (Ch$ per share of our common stock)(1)  

Annual Price History

                 

2010

     72.6         45.1         73.2         44.7         72.7         44.7   

2011

     74.0         57.2         74.7         57.0         74.4         58.4   

2012

     79.5         64.5         79.5         64.1         77.7         64.5   

2013

     80.3         69.0         80.3         68.3         80.0         68.5   

2014

     75.3         66.3         75.8         66.3         73.5         69.5   

2015 (through April 17th)

     73.0         68.9         73.0         68.9         72.3         70.7   

Quarterly Price History

                 

2010

                 

1st Quarter 2010

     55.9         45.1         56.4         44.7         55.5         44.7   

2nd Quarter 2010

     57.8         51.3         57.8         51.2         57.0         51.4   

3rd Quarter 2010

     72.6         54.9         73.2         54.9         72.7         54.9   

4th Quarter 2010

     72.6         68.6         72.8         68.0         72.6         68.5   

2011

                 

1st Quarter 2011

     74.0         63.0         74.7         62.1         74.4         63.1   

2nd Quarter 2011

     69.7         65.1         69.9         62.0         69.0         65.7   

3rd Quarter 2011

     69.3         57.2         70.0         57.0         68.5         58.4   

4th Quarter 2011

     73.2         59.0         73.6         58.4         73.2         59.0   

2012

                 

1st Quarter 2012

     79.5         71.0         79.5         70.5         77.7         71.1   

2nd Quarter 2012

     76.6         68.7         78.5         68.8         75.6         68.8   

3rd Quarter 2012

     70.9         64.5         70.9         64.1         69.6         64.5   

4th Quarter 2012

     77.4         66.0         76.9         65.7         76.9         66.0   

2013

                 

1st Quarter 2013

     80.3         72.2         80.3         71.8         80.0         73.6   

2nd Quarter 2013

     74.7         69.0         74.9         68.3         74.5         68.5   

3rd Quarter 2013

     79.8         69.1         79.9         69.1         78.2         70.0   

4th Quarter 2013

     78.4         73.4         78.5         73.3         —           —     

2014

                 

1st Quarter 2014

     75.2         66.3         75.8         66.3         70.6         70.4   

2nd Quarter 2014

     75.3         69.8         75.5         68.0         —           —     

3rd Quarter 2014

     74.5         70.9         74.4         70.9         73.5         73.5   

4th Quarter 2014

     75.3         69.0         75.5         69.0         69.5         69.5   

2015

                 

1st Quarter 2015

     73.0         68.9         73.0         68.9         72.3         72.3   

Monthly Price History

                 

November 2014

     75.3         71.7         75.5         70.4         —           —     

December 2014

     73.3         69.8         73.4         69.2         69.5         69.5   

January 2015

     72.3         68.9         72.0         68.9         —           —     

February 2015

     72.6         70.4         72.7         69.9         72.3         72.3   

March 2015

     73.0         69.4         73.0         68.9         —           —     

April 2015 (through April 17th)

     72.0         70.2         72.4         70.3         70.7         70.7   

 

Sources: Santiago Stock Exchange, Electronic Stock Exchange and Valparaiso Stock Exchange—Official Quotation Bulletins and Bloomberg.

 

(1) Pesos per share reflect nominal price at trade date.

 

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The table below shows the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices, as reported by the NYSE and Latibex:

 

     New York Stock Exchange      Latibex  
Period    High      Low      High      Low  
     (U.S.$ per ADS)(1)      (Euros per Trading Unit)(2)  

Annual Price History

           

2009

     53.90         31.85         37.45         22.81   

2010

     92.50         53.72         68.65         37.33   

2011

     90.35         66.63         72.60         52.80   

2012

     99.11         80.33         72.60         58.20   

2013

     102.00        81.00        85.80         56.40  

2014

     84.91         67.38         —           —     

2015 (through April 17th)

     70.98         64.30         —           —     

Quarterly Price History

           

2010

           

1st Quarter 2010

     64.41         53.72         46.93         37.33   

2nd Quarter 2010

     65.63         56.25         51.60         42.50   

3rd Quarter 2010

     90.20         61.00         66.30         48.29   

4th Quarter 2010

     92.50         85.16         68.65         61.00   

2011

           

1st Quarter 2011

     90.35         78.37         68.90         55.85   

2nd Quarter 2011

     89.81         83.00         61.30         54.00   

3rd Quarter 2011

     90.23         69.85         62.40         53.40   

4th Quarter 2011

     85.84         66.63         72.60         52.80   

2012

           

1st Quarter 2012

     99.11         83.98         72.00         59.40   

2nd Quarter 2012

     95.27         81.07         71.40         60.00   

3rd Quarter 2012

     86.55         80.33         72.60         59.40   

4th Quarter 2012

     97.32         83.50         69.60         58.20   

2013

           

1st Quarter 2013

     102.00        92.94        85.80        64.80  

2nd Quarter 2013

     95.27        81.00        84.00        56.40  

3rd Quarter 2013

     95.20        82.56        68.40        57.60  

4th Quarter 2013

     94.00        84.44        69.00        65.40  

2014

           

1st Quarter 2014

     84.91         70.43         —           —     

2nd Quarter 2014

     82.10         75.39         —           —     

3rd Quarter 2014

     80.65         72.88         —           —     

4th Quarter 2014

     75.94         67.38         —           —     

2015

           

1st Quarter 2015

     70.22         64.30         —           —     

Monthly Price History

           

November 2014

     75.94         72.55         —           —     

December 2014

     72.68         67.38         —           —     

January 2015

     69.30         65.74         —           —     

February 2015

     70.22         67.20         —           —     

March 2015

     69.87         64.30         —           —     

April 2015 (through April 17th)

     70.98         68.44         —           —     

 

Source: Bloomberg.

 

(1) One ADS represents 600 shares of common stock.
(2) One Trading Unit represents 600 shares of common stock.

As mentioned earlier, on October 18, 2013 we voluntarily delisted our trading units from the Latibex.

 

Item 10 Additional Information

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

Set forth below is a brief summary of the significant provisions of our estatutos (bylaws) and Chilean law. This description contains all material information concerning our shares, but does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our estatutos (a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report), the General Banking Law, the Chilean Corporations Law and the Securities Market Law.

We are an open stock (public) corporation and are registered with the Chilean Public Registry of Commerce of Santiago under Page 23,859 Number 18,638 of the year 1996, and authorized to operate as a bank by the Superintendency of Bank and

 

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Financial Institutions. The Chilean Corporations Laws, the Securities Market Law and the General Banking Law set forth the rules and requirements for establishing, and operating banks in Chile, as well as shareholder rights in a Chilean bank. Additionally, the operation and the shareholder’s rights are also governed by the bank’s estatutos, which effectively serve as both the articles of incorporation and the bylaws of a company incorporated in the United States. Legal provisions in Chile take precedence over any contrary provision set forth in a corporation estatutos. Both the Chilean Corporations Law and our estatutos provide that legal actions by shareholders against us (or our officers or directors) to enforce their rights as shareholders or by one shareholder against another in their capacity as such are to be brought in Chile in arbitration proceedings.

The Chilean securities markets are principally regulated by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance under the Securities Market Law and the Chilean Corporations Law. In the case of banks, compliance with these laws is supervised by the SBIF. These two laws provide for disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation and protection of minority investors. The Securities Market Law sets forth requirements relating to public offerings, stock exchanges and brokers, and outlines disclosure requirements for companies that issue publicly offered securities.

Purpose

Our corporate purpose is to undertake all acts, contracts, business and transactions as the General Banking Law allows banking institutions to undertake, without prejudice to expanding or restricting our scope of action consistent with current legal precepts or such as may be established in the future.

Capitalization

As of April 17, 2015, there are 94,655,367,544 Banco de Chile shares outstanding of our capital stock. All of such shares are fully paid.

Our shares are no par value and full voting rights. There are no legal restrictions on the payment of dividends from our net income, except that we may only pay a single dividend per year (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted). Under the Chilean Corporations Law and regulations issued thereunder, Chilean public corporations are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their consolidated annual earnings as dividends, except to the extent they have accumulated losses. Previously, a bank was permitted to distribute less than such minimum amount in any given year with approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s outstanding stock. In 2006, however, this possibility was eliminated by law. Under the General Banking Law, a Chilean bank may pay dividends upon approval of its shareholders from (i) net earnings of previous fiscal years (i.e., interim dividends are not permitted), (ii) the reserve kept for that purpose or (iii) other funds permitted under Chilean law.

Under Chilean law, the shareholders of a company, acting at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, have the power to authorize an increase in the company’s capital. When an investor subscribes for issued shares, the shares are registered in such investor’s name, even if not paid for, and the investor is treated as a shareholder for all purposes, except with regard to receipt of dividends and the return of capital. The investor becomes eligible to receive dividends or the return of capital once it has paid for the shares; if it has paid for only a portion of such shares, it is entitled to reserve a corresponding pro rata portion of the dividends declared with respect to such shares unless the company’s bylaws provide otherwise. If an investor does not pay for shares for which it has subscribed on or prior to the date agreed upon for payment, the company is entitled under Chilean law to auction the shares on a stock exchange and collect the difference, if any, between the subscription price and the auction proceeds. However, until such shares are sold, the subscriber continues to exercise all the rights of a shareholder (except the right to receive dividends or the return of capital). In the case of banks, authorized shares and issued shares that have not been paid for within the period fixed for their payment by the SBIF are cancelled and are no longer available for issuance by the company.

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that the purchaser of shares of a company implicitly accepts its bylaws and any agreements adopted at shareholders’ meetings.

 

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Directors

For a description of the provisions of our estatutos relating to our board of directors and our directors/audit committee, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”

Ownership Restrictions

Under the Securities Market Law and the regulations of the SBIF, shareholders of open stock corporations are required to report the following to the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the Chilean stock exchanges:

 

 

any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares that results in the holder’s acquiring or disposing of, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of an open stock corporation’s share capital; and

 

 

any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares or options to buy or sell shares, in any amount, if made by a holder of 10% or more of an open stock corporation’s capital or if made by a director, liquidator, main officer, general manager or manager of such corporation.

The foregoing requirements also apply to the acquisition or sale of securities or agreements which price or return depends or is conditioned (all or in a significant part) upon changes or movements in the price of such shares. The report shall be made the day following the execution of the transaction.

In addition, any person who acquires 10% or more of our shares must include in the report whether the purpose of the acquisition is to acquire control of the company or if the acquisition is just a financial investment. A beneficial owner of ADSs representing 10% or more of our share capital will be subject to these reporting requirements under Chilean law.

According to the regulations of the SBIF, Chilean banks that issue ADSs are required to inform the SBIF if any person, directly or beneficially, acquires ADSs representing 5% or more of the total amount of shares of capital stock issued by such bank.

Under the Securities Market Law and the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, persons or entities intending to acquire control, directly or indirectly, of an open stock corporation, regardless of the acquisition vehicle or procedure, and including acquisitions made through direct subscriptions or private transactions, are also required to inform the public of such intention at least 10 business days before the date on which the transaction is to be completed, but, in any case, as soon as negotiations regarding the change of control begin or as soon as confidential information and documents concerning the target are delivered to the potential acquirer such delivery can occur through a filing with the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, the stock exchanges where its securities are traded, companies controlled by and that control the target and through a notice published in two Chilean newspapers, which notice must disclose, among other information, the person or entity purchasing or selling, the price and the material conditions of any negotiations.

Prior to such publication, a written communication to such effect must be sent to the target corporation, to the controlling corporation, to the corporations controlled by the target corporation, to the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and to the Chilean stock exchanges. Title XV of the Securities Market Law provides the definition of a controlling power, direct holding and related party.

In addition to the foregoing, Article 54A of the Chilean Securities Market Law requires that within two business days of the completion of the transactions pursuant to which a person has acquired control of a publicly traded company, a notice shall be published in the same newspapers in which the notice referred to above was published and notices shall be sent to the same persons mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, as well as posted on their websites, if any.

The provisions of the aforementioned articles do not apply when the acquisition is being made through a tender or exchange offer.

 

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Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law on tender offers and the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance provide that the following transactions must be carried out through a tender offer:

 

 

an offer which allows a person to take control of a publicly traded company, unless (i) the shares are being sold by a controlling shareholder of such company at a price in cash which is not substantially higher than the market price and the shares of such company are actively traded on a stock exchange and (ii) those shares are acquired (a) through a capital increase, (b) as a consequence of a merger, (c) by inheritance or (d) through a forced sale;

 

 

an offer for a controlling percentage of the shares of a listed company if such person intends to take control of the parent company (whether listed or not) of such listed company, to the extent that the listed company represents 75% or more of the consolidated net worth of the parent company; and

 

 

whenever a controlling shareholder acquires two-thirds of the voting shares of a listed company, such controlling shareholder must offer to purchase the remaining shares from the minority shareholders in a tender offer, unless (i) the controlling shareholder has reached two thirds of the voting shares through a tender offer for all of the shares of the company, or (ii) it reaches such percentage as a result of a reduction of the capital of the company by operation of law.

Article 200 of the Chilean Securities Market Law prohibits any shareholder that has taken control of a publicly traded company from acquiring, for a period of 12 months from the date of the transaction in which it gained control of the publicly traded company, a number of shares equal to or greater than 3% of the outstanding issued shares of the target without making a tender offer at a price per share not lower than the price paid at the time of taking control. Should the acquisition from the other shareholders of the company be made on a stock exchange and on a pro rata basis, the controlling shareholder may purchase a higher percentage of shares, if so permitted by the regulations of the stock exchange.

Title XV of the Chilean Securities Market Law sets forth the basis to determine what constitutes a controlling power, a direct holding and a related party. The Chilean Securities Market Law defines control as the power of a person or group of persons acting (either directly or through other entities or persons) pursuant to a joint action agreement to direct the majority of the votes at the shareholders’ meetings of the corporation and to elect the majority of members of its board of directors, or to influence the management of the corporation significantly. Significant influence is deemed to exist in respect of the person or group of persons with an agreement to act jointly that holds, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the voting share capital, unless:

 

 

another person or group of persons acting pursuant to joint action agreement, directly or indirectly, controls a stake equal to or greater than the percentage controlled by such person;

 

 

the person or group does not control, directly or indirectly, more than 40.0% of the voting share capital and the percentage controlled is lower than the sum of the shares held by other shareholders holding more than 5% of the share capital (either directly or pursuant to a joint action agreement); or

 

 

in cases where the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance has ruled otherwise, based on the distribution or atomization of the overall shareholding.

According to the Chilean Securities Market Law, a joint action agreement is an agreement among two or more parties which, directly or indirectly, own shares in a corporation at the same time and whereby they agree to participate with the same interest in the management of the corporation or in taking control of the same. The law presumes that such an agreement exists between:

 

 

a principal and its agents;

 

 

spouses and relatives within certain degrees of kinship;

 

 

entities within the same business group; and

 

 

an entity and its controller or any of the members of the controller.

 

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Likewise, the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance may determine that a joint action agreement exists between two or more entities considering, among other things, the number of companies in which they participate and the frequency with which they vote identically in the election of directors, appointment of managers and other resolutions passed at extraordinary shareholders’ meetings.

According to Article 96 of the Chilean Securities Market Law, a business group is a group of entities with such ties in their ownership, management or credit liabilities that it may be assumed that the economic and financial action of such members is directed by, or subordinated to, the joint interests of the group, or that there are common credit risks in the credits granted to, or in the acquisition of securities issued by, them. According to the Chilean Securities Market Law, the following entities are part of the same business group:

 

 

a company and its controller;

 

 

all the companies with a common controller together with that controller; and

 

 

all the entities that the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance declares to be part of the business group due to one or more of the following reasons:

 

   

a substantial part of the assets of the company is involved in the business group, whether as investments in securities, equity rights, loans or guaranties;

 

   

the company has a significant level of indebtedness and the business group has a material participation as a lender or guarantor of such indebtedness;

 

   

the company is a member of a controlling group of any company of those mentioned in the first two bullets above and there are reasons grounded in ties in the ownership, management or credit liabilities to include it in the business group; or

 

   

the company is controlled by a member of the controller of any of the entities of the business group if the latter is formed by more than one entity and if there is more than one group of controlling entities and there are reasons grounded in ties in the ownership, management or credit liabilities to include it in the business group.

The General Banking Law provides that, as a matter of public policy, no person or company may acquire, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the shares of a bank without the prior authorization of the SBIF, which may not be unreasonably withheld. The prohibition also applies to beneficial owners of ADSs. In the absence of such authorization, any person or group of persons acting in concert would not be permitted to exercise voting rights with respect to the shares or ADSs acquired. In determining whether or not to issue such an authorization, the SBIF considers a number of factors enumerated in the General Banking Law, including the financial stability of the purchasing party.

The General Banking Law also requires the prior authorization of the SBIF for the following transactions:

 

 

the merger of two or more banks;

 

 

the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a bank’s assets and liabilities by another bank;

 

 

the control by the same person or controlling group of two or more banks; or

 

 

a substantial increase in the share ownership by a controlling shareholder of a bank.

This prior authorization is only required when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a significant market share in loans, defined by the SBIF to be more than 15% of all loans in the Chilean banking system. The intended purchase, merger or expansion may be denied by the SBIF; or, if the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined to be more than 20% of all loans in the Chilean banking system, the purchase, merger or expansion may be conditioned on one or more of the following:

 

 

the bank or banks maintaining regulatory capital higher than 8% and up to 14% of risk-weighted assets;

 

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the technical reserve established in Article 65 of the General Banking Law being applicable when deposits exceed one and a half times the resulting bank’s paid-in capital and reserves; or

 

 

the margin for interbank loans being reduced to 20% of the resulting bank’s regulatory capital.

If the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined by the SBIF to be more than 15% but less than 20%, the authorization will be conditioned on the bank or banks maintaining a regulatory capital not lower than 10% of their risk-weighted assets for the period specified by the SBIF, which may not be less than one year. The calculation of the risk-weighted assets is based on a five category risk classification system applied to a bank’s assets that is based on the Basel Committee recommendations.

According to the General Banking Law, a bank may not grant loans to related parties on terms more favorable than those generally offered to non-related parties. Article 84 No. 2 of the General Banking Law and the regulations issued by the SBIF creates the presumption that natural persons who are holders of shares and who beneficially own more than 1% of the shares are related to the bank and imposes certain restrictions on the amounts and terms of loans made by banks to related parties. This presumption would also apply to beneficial owners of ADSs representing more than 1% of the shares.

Article 16 of the General Banking Law provides that the individuals or legal entities that, individually or with other people, directly control a bank and who individually own more than 10% of its shares must send to the SBIF reliable information on their financial situation in the form and in the opportunity set forth in Resolution No. 3,156 of the SBIF.

There are no limitations for non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the securities of a bank.

Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that whenever a Chilean company issues new shares for cash, it must offer its existing shareholders the right to purchase a number of shares sufficient to maintain their existing ownership percentages in the company. Pursuant to this requirement, preemptive rights in connection with any future issue of shares will be offered by us to the depositary as the registered owner of the shares underlying the ADSs. However, the depositary will not be able to make such preemptive rights available to holders of ADSs unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to the underlying shares or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder is available.

We intend to evaluate, at the time of any preemptive rights offering, the practicality under Chilean law and Central Bank regulations in effect at the time of making such rights available to our ADS holders, as well as the costs and potential liabilities associated with registration of such rights and the related shares of common stock under the Securities Act, and the indirect benefits to us of thereby enabling the exercise by all or certain holders of ADSs of their preemptive rights and any other factors we consider appropriate at the time, and then to make a decision as to whether to file such registration statement. There can be no assurance that any registration statement would be filed. If we do not file a registration statement and no exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act is available, the depositary will sell such holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of such sale. In the event that the depositary is not able, or determines that it is not feasible, to sell such rights at a premium over the cost of any such sale, all or certain holders of ADSs may receive no value for such rights. Non-U.S. holders of ADSs may be able to exercise their preemptive rights regardless of whether a registration statement is filed. The inability of all or certain holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights in respect of shares of common stock underlying such ADSs could result in such holders not maintaining their percentage ownership of the common stock following such preemptive rights offering unless such holder made additional market purchases of ADSs or shares of common stock.

 

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Under Chilean law, preemptive rights are exercisable or freely transferable by shareholders during a period that cannot be less than 30 days following the grant of such rights. During such period, and for an additional 30-day period thereafter, a Chilean corporation is not permitted to offer any unsubscribed shares for sale to third parties on terms which are more favorable than those offered to its shareholders. At the end of such additional 30-day period, a Chilean open stock corporation is authorized to sell unsubscribed shares to third parties on any terms, provided they are sold on a Chilean stock exchange. Unsubscribed shares that are not sold on a Chilean stock exchange can be sold to third parties only on terms no more favorable for the purchaser than those offered to shareholders.

Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights

An ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is held within the first four months of each year. The ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting is the corporate body that approves the annual financial statements, approves all dividends in accordance with the dividend policy determined by our board of directors, elects the members of our board of directors and approves any other matter that does not require an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Extraordinary meetings may be called by our board of directors when deemed appropriate, and ordinary or extraordinary meetings must be called by our board of directors when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of the issued voting shares or by the SBIF.

Notice to convene the ordinary annual meeting or an extraordinary meeting is given by means of three notices which must be published in a newspaper of our corporate domicile (currently Santiago, Chile) previously determined by our shareholders at the ordinary annual meeting or, in the event an agreement is not reached in the previous ordinary annual meeting or the newspaper ceases to exist or has its distribution suspended for whatever reason, in the Official Gazette in a prescribed manner, and the first notice must be published not less than 15 calendar days nor more than 20 calendar days in advance of the scheduled meeting. Notice must also be given to the SBIF, the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Currently, we publish our official notices in the El Mercurio newspaper of Santiago.

In the case of an ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting, shareholders holding a prescribed minimum ownership interest in us must be sent an annual report of our activities that includes audited consolidated financial statements. Shareholders who do not fall into this category but who request it must also be sent a copy of our annual report. In addition to these requirements, we regularly provide, and management currently intends to continue to provide, together with the notice of ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting, a proposal for the final annual dividend.

The quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing at least an absolute majority of the issued shares. If a quorum is not present at the first meeting on first call, the meeting can be reconvened (in accordance with the procedures described in the previous paragraphs) and, upon the meeting being reconvened, shareholders present at the reconvened meeting are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the shares represented.

The shareholders’ meetings pass resolutions by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of those voting shares present or represented at the meeting. Approval by a two-thirds majority of the issued shares, however, is required at any shareholders’ meeting to approve any of the following actions:

 

 

a change in corporate form, merger or spin-off;

 

 

an amendment to our term of existence, if any, or our early dissolution;

 

 

a change in corporate domicile;

 

 

a decrease of corporate capital previously approved by the SBIF, provided it is not reduced below the minimum legal capital;

 

 

the approval of capital contributions and appraisal of properties other than cash, in those cases where it is permitted by the General Banking Act;

 

 

a modification of the powers of shareholders or limitations on the powers of our board of directors;

 

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a reduction in the number of members of our board of directors;

 

 

the transfer of 50% or more of the corporate assets or the implementation or amendment of any business plan that contemplates the transfer of more than 50% of our corporate assets or the transfer of 50% or more of the assets of a subsidiary if such subsidiary represents at least 20% of our total corporate assets, as well as transfer of shares of such subsidiary which would make it lose such status;

 

 

any non-cash distribution in respect of the shares;

 

 

a change in the manner of distribution of profits established in our bylaws;

 

 

the granting of guarantees to secure third-party obligations in excess of 50% of our corporate assets, unless granted to a subsidiary;

 

 

the repurchase of our shares under the conditions set forth in Articles 27A and 27B of the Chilean Corporations Law;

 

 

the correction of nullity caused by formal defects of any amendments to our bylaws;

 

 

approval or confirmation of transactions with related parties, as set forth in Articles 44 and 147 of the Chilean Corporations Law; or

 

 

certain other matters set forth in our bylaws.

Shareholders may accumulate their votes for the election of directors and cast all of their votes in favor of one person.

In general, Chilean law does not require a Chilean open stock corporation to provide the level and type of information that U.S. securities laws require a reporting company to provide to its shareholders in connection with a solicitation of proxies. However, shareholders are entitled to examine the books of a company and its subsidiaries within the 15-day period before any ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting.

The Chilean Corporations Law provides that a Chilean company’s annual report must include, in addition to the materials provided by the board of directors to shareholders, the comments and proposals made by the directors’ committee, and, whenever shareholders representing 10% or more of the issued voting shares so request, such shareholders’ comments and proposals in relation to the company’s affairs. Similarly, the Chilean Corporations Law provides that whenever the board of directors of an open stock corporation convenes an ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting and solicits proxies for that meeting, or distributes information supporting its decisions or other similar material, it is obligated to include as an annex to its annual report any pertinent comments and proposals that may have been made by the directors’ committee and shareholders owning 10% or more of the company’s voting shares who have requested that such comments and proposals be so included.

Only shareholders registered as such with us on the fifth business day prior to the date of a meeting are entitled to attend and vote their shares. A shareholder may appoint another individual (who need not be a shareholder) as his proxy to attend and vote on his behalf. Every shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders’ meeting has one vote for every share subscribed, as we do not have special classes of shares with different voting rights.

Our shareholders’ meetings held in 2013 were:

 

 

The ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, where our shareholders agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 201, in the amount of CLP$3.41625263165 per Banco de Chile common share, with a charge to 2012 net distributable income of Banco de Chile. As mentioned in our previous 20-F report, “Banco de Chile-T series” shares did not have the right to receive dividends and fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once such dividends and fully paid-in shares were distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares were automatically converted to Banco de Chile shares.

 

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The extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 21, 2013, where our shareholders agreed to issue a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2012 by means of the issuance of fully paid-in shares, without par value, with a value of Ch$71.97 per share, which was distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.02034331347 fully paid-in shares for each share held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396. As mentioned in our previous 20-F report, “Banco de Chile-T series” shares did not have the right to receive dividends and fully paid-in shares in respect of our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once such dividends and fully paid-in shares were distributed, the Banco de Chile-T shares were automatically converted to Banco de Chile shares.

Our shareholders’ meetings held in 2014 were:

 

 

The ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting held on March 27, 2014, where our shareholders agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 202, in the amount of Ch$3.48356970828 per Banco de Chile common share, with a charge to 2013 net distributable income of Banco de Chile.

 

 

The extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 27, 2014, where our shareholders agreed to issue a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2013 by means of the issuance of fully paid-in shares, without par value, with a value of Ch$64.56 per share, which was distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.02312513083 fully paid-in shares for each share held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

As of April 17, 2015, the following shareholders’ meetings had been held:

 

 

The ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting held on March 26, 2015, where our shareholders agreed to the distribution and payment of dividend N° 203, in the amount of Ch$3.42915880220 per Banco de Chile common share, with a charge to 2014 net distributable income of Banco de Chile.

 

 

The extraordinary shareholders’ meeting held on March 26, 2015, where our shareholders agreed to issue a stock dividend in connection with the capitalization of 30% of our distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year 2014 by means of the issuance of fully paid in shares, without par value, with a value of Ch$65.31 per share, which was distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.02250251855 fully paid in shares for each share held, subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396. This capitalization is currently subject to the SBIF’s approval.

Dividend, Liquidation and Appraisal Rights

For a description of the provisions of our estatutos related to our dividends, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends.”

Under the Chilean Corporations Law, Chilean companies are generally required to distribute at least 30% of their earnings as dividends. Previously, the General Banking Law stated that banks were permitted to distribute less than such minimum amount in any given year with the approval of holders of at least two-thirds of the bank’s common stock. In 2006, however, this possibility was eliminated by law. In the event of any loss of capital, no dividends can be distributed so long as such loss is not recovered. Also, a bank cannot distribute dividends above the legal minimum if doing so would result in the bank exceeding its ratio of risk-weighted assets to regulatory capital or total assets. See “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends.”

Dividends that are declared but not paid by the date set for payment at the time of declaration are adjusted from the date set for payment to the date such dividends are actually paid, and interest is accrued thereon. The right to receive a dividend lapses if it is not claimed within five years from the date the dividend is payable and the funds may be claimed by the Chilean treasury.

We may declare a dividend in cash or in shares. When a share dividend is declared above the legal minimum (which minimum must be paid in cash), our shareholders must be given the option to elect to receive cash. A holder of our ADSs may, in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an available exemption from the registration requirement thereunder, effectively be required to receive a dividend in cash. See “—Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital.”

 

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In the event of our liquidation, the holders of our fully paid shares would participate equally and ratably, in proportion to the number of paid-in shares held by them, in our assets available after payment of all our creditors. The holders of fully paid shares would not be required to contribute additional capital to us in the event of our liquidation.

In accordance with the General Banking Law, our shareholders do not have appraisal rights in the event of a business combination or otherwise.

Approval of Financial Statements

Our board of directors is required to submit our audited consolidated financial statements to the shareholders annually for their approval. The approval or rejection of the financial statements is entirely within our shareholders’ discretion. If our shareholders reject our consolidated financial statements, our board of directors must submit new consolidated financial statements not later than 60 calendar days from the date of the rejection. If our shareholders reject our new consolidated financial statements, our entire board of directors is deemed removed from office and a new board of directors shall be elected at the same meeting. Directors who individually approved our consolidated financial statements are disqualified from running for re-election for the ensuing period.

Registrations and Transfers

We act as our own registrar and transfer agent, as is customary among Chilean companies. In the case of jointly owned shares, an attorney-in-fact must be appointed to represent the joint owners in dealings with us.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions.”

EXCHANGE CONTROLS

The Central Bank is responsible for maintaining the stability of the Chilean peso and the normal functioning of internal and external payments. The authority of the Central Bank for these purposes includes regulation of the amount of currency and credit in circulation, the performance of credit transactions and foreign exchange operations and the issuance of regulatory provisions regarding monetary, credit, financing and foreign exchange matters.

Under the Basic Constitutional Act of the Central Bank, Law 18,840, foreign exchange operations can be carried out in Chile by any person, subject to the limitations and restrictions established by the Central Bank. Foreign exchange transactions include buying and selling foreign currency and, in general, any act or agreement that may have the effect of creating, amending, or extinguishing an obligation payable in such currency, even if no transfer of funds or drafts to or from Chile is actually involved. Foreign exchange transactions also include transfers of or transactions with respect to gold or instruments representing gold.

The Central Bank can impose the following limitations on foreign exchange transactions:

 

 

The Central Bank can require that the transaction of specified foreign exchange operations, such as foreign investments and foreign credits, be reported to it; and

 

 

The Central Bank can require that the execution of certain foreign exchange operations, such as money transfers to and from Chile, be made only in the Formal Exchange Market. The Formal Exchange Market consists of banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank.

Also, the Central Bank has the authority to establish certain restrictions on foreign exchange transactions with respect to the Formal Exchange Market. These restrictions may include the following: the obligation to return to Chile in Chilean pesos the value obtained in the export of goods, services, and other payments to foreign persons or entities that have a right of residency in Chile; that a reserve be maintained for credits, deposits and investments in foreign currency from or to a foreign country; and the obligation to obtain approval for payment or remittance of foreign exchange transactions, among others.

 

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These restrictions may only be imposed by resolution adopted by the majority of board members of the Central Bank if required for the stability of the currency or the financing of the balance of payments of the country. Additionally, these restrictions may only be imposed for a predetermined period, which, at the most, may extend to a year. The resolution may be subject to veto by the Minister of Finance, in which case the restriction may only be adopted pursuant to a favorable vote of all the board members. The restriction, once the predetermined period has expired, may be renewed subject to the preceding rules.

On April 16, 2001, the Central Bank eliminated the prior foreign exchange restrictions, replaced the former Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (“Compendium”) by a new one, and eliminated Chapter XXVI of the old Compendium, which regulated the establishment of an ADR facility by a Chilean company. Notwithstanding such replacement, the special regime of Chapter XXVI continued in force for Banco de Chile’s ADS program until March 7, 2011, when the Central Bank of Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as depositary bank, and Banco de Chile executed an agreement that terminated the Exchange Convention (“Convención Cambiaria”). As a consequence of such termination, the special exchange regime established in the Exchange Convention is no longer applicable. Thus, the Deposit Agreement, as amended, and Banco de Chile’s ADS program are subject to the exchange regulations of general applicability of Chapter XIV of the Compendium or such new regulations that may be issued in the future. A copy of the amendment to the deposit agreement, dated February 1, 2011, can be found as an Exhibit to this annual report.

The ADS facility is governed by Chapter XIV of the Compendium on “Regulations applicable to Credits, Deposits, Investments and Capital Contributions from Abroad.” According to Chapter XIV, the establishment of an ADS facility is regarded as an ordinary foreign investment, subject to the above mentioned limitations, and it is not necessary to seek the Central Bank’s prior approval in order to establish an ADS facility. The establishment of an ADS facility only requires that the Central Bank be informed of the transaction, and that the transaction be conducted through the Formal Exchange Market.

In Chile, foreign investments can also be made through the Foreign Investment Committee under Decree Law No. 600 of 1974, Foreign Investment Statute, which is an optional mechanism to invest capital in Chile that requires, among other items, a foreign investment contract with the State of Chile. However, on September 29, 2014 Law 20,780 was published which revoked Decree 600 effective January 1, 2016 subject to the condition that a new institutional framework for foreign investment be submitted to the National Congress on or before January 31, 2015 and passed on or before January 1, 2016. If such new framework is not passed on or before such date, revocation will be postponed until such condition is fulfilled. Even if the revocation of Decree Law 600 becomes effective, foreign investment agreements entered into under Decree Law 600 will continue to be governed by Decree Law 600.

Investment in Our Shares and ADSs

Investments made in shares of our common stock are subject to the following requirements:

 

 

any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;

 

 

any foreign investor acquiring shares of our common stock to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR facility who brought funds into Chile for that purpose must bring those funds through an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market;

 

 

in both cases, the entity of the Formal Exchange Market through which the funds are brought into Chile must report such investment to the Central Bank;

 

 

all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of the acquired shares of our common stock or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market;

 

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all remittances of funds from Chile to the foreign investor upon the sale of shares underlying ADSs or from dividends or other distributions made in connection therewith must be made through the Formal Exchange Market; and

 

 

all remittances of funds made to the foreign investor must be reported to the Central Bank by the intervening entity of the Formal Exchange Market.

When funds are brought into Chile for a purpose other than to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR facility and subsequently such funds are used to acquire shares to be converted into ADSs or deposited into an ADR facility, such investment must be reported to the Central Bank by the custodian within ten days following the end of each month within which the custodian is obligated to deliver periodic reports to the Central Bank.

When funds to acquire shares of our common stock or to acquire shares to convert them into ADSs or deposit them into an ADR facility are received by us abroad (i.e., outside of Chile), such investment must be reported to the Central Bank directly by the foreign investor or by an entity participating in the Formal Exchange Market within ten days following the end of the month in which the investment was made.

All payments in foreign currency in connection with our shares of common stock or ADSs made from Chile through the Formal Exchange Market must be reported to the Central Bank by the entity participating in the transaction. In the event there are payments made outside of Chile, the foreign investor must provide the relevant information to the Central Bank directly or through an entity of the Formal Exchange Market within the first ten calendar days of the month following the date on which the payment was made.

There can be no assurance that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADSs, the disposition of shares of our common shares underlying ADSs or the conversion or repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition will not be imposed in the future, nor can we assess the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.

This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to Chapter XIV of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations, a copy of which is available in Spanish and English versions at the Central Bank’s website at www.bcentral.cl.

TAXATION

Chilean Tax Considerations

The following discussion is based on certain Chilean income tax laws presently in effect, including applicable rulings of the Servicio de Impuestos Internos, or the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, and other applicable regulations and rulings, including the tax reform Law N° 20.780, officially published in September 2014 (the “Tax Reform Law”). The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in ADSs or shares of common stock held by an individual who is not domiciled in, or a resident of, Chile or a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile, which we refer to as a foreign holder. For purposes of Chilean tax law, an individual holder is a resident of Chile if he or she has resided in Chile for more than six months in one calendar year or for a total of more than six months in two consecutive tax years. The Chilean Internal Revenue Service has interpreted that the six months period must be uninterrupted. An individual holder is domiciled in Chile if he or she resides in Chile with the purpose of staying in Chile. Also, according to the Chilean Internal Revenue Service, an individual that has no residence in Chile may be nonetheless considered as domiciled in Chile if he or she intends to stay in Chile commencing on the day of entry into the country and such intention is evidenced by circumstances such as the acceptance of employment within Chile or the relocation of his or her family to Chile. This discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation.

Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign holders, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may be amended only by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities issue rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and

 

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interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chile and the United States have executed an income and capital tax treaty for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion, but this treaty is not in effect, and its effectiveness is contingent upon ratification in the United States Senate and by the Chilean congress. At this time it is not clear when the United States Senate and the Chilean congress will consider ratification, and therefore the effective date of the treaty is uncertain.

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

Cash dividends paid by us with respect to ADSs or shares of common stock held by a foreign holder are subject to a 35.0% Chilean withholding tax, which is withheld and paid over by us, which we refer to as the Chilean withholding tax (see new effects of the Tax Reform Law below). A credit against the Chilean withholding tax is available based on the corporate income tax, or the first category tax, actually paid on the taxable income to which the dividend is imputed; however, this credit does not reduce the Chilean withholding tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Chilean withholding tax is imposed. Distribution of book income in excess of retained taxable income is subject to the Chilean withholding tax, but such distribution is not eligible for the credit since said income is not subject to the first category tax at the corporate level. Finally, the distribution of non-taxable income or income subject to the first category tax applied as a sole tax (sole tax rate hereafter) are both not subject to Chilean withholding tax. Under Chilean income tax law, for purposes of determining the level of the first category tax paid, dividends generally are assumed to have been paid out of oldest retained taxable profits. The effective rate of withholding tax to be imposed on dividends paid by us will vary depending upon the amount of the first category tax paid by us on the earnings to which the dividends are attributed. In case such provisional credit is determined to be totally or partially not applicable at the end of the year, due to the fact that retained taxable or exempted profits were not enough to cover the distribution made, foreign holders shall reimburse the Company for the provisional credit that was totally or partially granted over non-taxable or exempted profits. In our case, the amount paid as the first category tax is lower than it would be based on our income because the dividends paid to SAOS are considered tax deductible.

With respect to the Tax Reform Law, it provides a new corporate income tax system whereby taxpayers may elect between the Attribution Regime or the Semi-integrated Regime, which is effective January 1, 2017.

In addition, the Tax Reform Law will gradually increase the first category tax rate from 20% in 2013 to:

 

   

21% in 2014:

 

   

22.5% in 2015;

 

   

24.0% in 2016;

 

   

25.0% under the Attribution Regime and 25.5% under the Semi-Integrated Regime in 2017;

 

   

25.0% under the Attribution Regime and 27.0% under the Semi-Integrated Regime from 2018 onwards.

Capital Gains

Gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition by a foreign holder of ADSs (or ADRs evidencing ADSs) will not be subject to Chilean taxation, provided that such disposition occurs outside Chile or that is performed under the rules of Title XXIV of the Chilean Securities Market Law. The deposit and withdrawal of shares of common stock in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.

Gain recognized on the sale or exchange of shares of common stock (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADSs representing such shares of common stock) by a foreign holder will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the first category tax being creditable against the latter) if:

(1) the foreign holder has held such shares of common stock for less than one year from the exchange of ADSs for the shares of common stock, or

(2) the foreign holder acquired and disposed of the shares of common stock in the ordinary course of its business or as a regular trader of stock, or

(3) the sale is made to a company in which the foreign holder holds an interest (10.0% or more of the shares in the case of open stock corporations).

 

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If at least one of these conditions is met, the capital gain is subject to general taxation, this is, both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax of 35.0% for foreign investors. This also applies in event that the capital gain cannot be determined.

If the transaction does not meet the three conditions mentioned above, capital gains will be taxed at the sole tax rate (this special regime for capital gains will be repealed in 2017) and a provisional withholding tax equal to the first category tax rate would be applied on the capital gain by the buyer. If the capital gain cannot be determined, the buyer will apply a 5.0% provisional withholding tax on the total amount without any deductions, as a provisional payment of the total tax due.

The foreign holder would be entitled to request a tax refund for any amounts withheld in excess of the taxes actually due, in April of the following year upon filing its corresponding tax return.

Capital gains will be free of tax as long as the stock complies with the requirements established by Article N° 107 of the Chilean Income Tax Law. Some of the main requirements are, as follows:

 

   

The company must be publicly listed in Chile while the stock must have a high frequency of trading over a determined period of time on Chilean stock exchanges.

 

   

The stock must be acquired on a Chilean stock exchange or during an initial public offering.

 

   

The stock must be sold on a Chilean stock exchange or in a public stock offering.

The acquisition value of the shares of common stock received in exchange for ADSs will represent the tax basis of such shares. The acquisition value is determined by the parties in the relevant deposit agreement, and generally corresponds to the highest price at which they are traded on Chilean stock exchanges on the date when the exchange takes place. Consequently, the conversion of ADSs into shares of common stock and sale of such shares of common stock for the value established under the deposit agreement will not generate a capital gain subject to taxation in Chile.

However, as the exchange is generally registered two days after it took place, if the price of the shares goes down, a gain would arise. In order to overcome this situation, on October 1, 1999, the Chilean Internal Revenue Service issued Ruling No. 3,708, allowing Chilean issuers of ADSs to amend the deposit agreements by including a clause stating that when exchanged shares are sold by the ADSs’ holders on a Chilean stock exchange, either on the same day in which the exchange is recorded in the shareholders’ registry of the issuer or within two business days prior to such date, the acquisition price of those exchanged shares will be the price recorded in the invoice issued by the stock broker that participated in the sale. Consequently, if this clause were included in the deposit agreement, the capital gain that may arise if the exchange date is different from the date in which the shares received in exchange for ADSs were sold will not be subject to taxation.

The distribution and exercise of preemptive rights relating to the shares of common stock will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Amounts received in exchange for the shares or assignment of preemptive rights relating to the shares will be subject to both the first category tax and the Chilean withholding tax (the former being creditable against the latter to the extent described above).

Stock dividends

Stock dividends (distributions of fully paid-in shares) are free of tax; however, according to the Tax Reform Law they will be subject to the 35% Chilean withholding tax for foreign investors from 2017 onwards. Similar to cash dividends, investors will be permited to use the corporate tax paid by the company as a tax credit.

 

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On the other hand, under the Tax Reform Law, from 2017 on the corporate tax will not be available, as a sole tax and, therefore, capital gains associated with the sale of shares obtained as stock dividends will be subject to the general tax regime. Therefore, foreign investors will pay 35.0% Chilean withholding tax on capital gains as a consequence of the sale of shares received as stock dividends. However, if the stock complies with the requirements established by Article 107 of Chilean Income Tax Law (see “Capital Gains”), capital gains will be free of tax.

Mutual Funds and Investment Funds

Law N° 20,712 effective on May 1, 2014, also known as the “Funds Unified Law”, regulates the Administration of third-party funds and individual portfolio management. This law eliminates and unified the previous legislation contained in Law N° 18.657 (Foreign Investment Capital Funds Law), Law N° 18.815 (Investment Funds Law), and Decree Law N° 1.328 (Mutual Funds Administration) and modifies other regulatory bodies. Law N° 20.712 was amended by the Tax Reform Law with respect to foreign investors, among other amendments.

The main aspects affecting foreign investment, including amendments made by the Tax Reform Law are as follows:

 

  I. According to the Unified Funds Law, funds that are composed of 80% or more foreign assets are taxed as follows:

 

  a) Capital Gains Tax (“CGT”): the sale of shares of these funds is exempt.

 

  b) Dividends: the 80% composed of foreign assets is exempt from Chilean withholding tax; the 20% composed of Chilean assets is taxed with a 10% Chilean withholding tax (exception: there will be no taxation on the portion of dividends originated in non-taxable income).

 

  c) Interests: the 80% composed of foreign assets is exempt from Chilean withholding tax; the 20% composed of Chilean assets is taxed with a 4% Chilean withholding tax.

 

  d) In other cases (non-80/20 funds), there will be a 10% CGT and a 10% Chilean withholding tax on dividends and interests.

 

  II. In the case of foreign investors that are not individual or institutional investors, general rules apply if they directly or indirectly own 5.0% or more of a company that is domiciled or resident in Chile; that is, they are subject to 35.0% Chilean withholding tax.

The modifications mentioned above are already fully in place.

Fixed Income (in force according to the Unified Funds Law)

 

   

There are special tax regulations for bonds issued in Chile in a public offering which interest rate fulfills specific conditions established in the law (“104 Bonds”).

 

   

The Chilean withholding tax of 4% shall be withheld by the local custodian that is acting as a Tax Agent of the foreign investor.

 

   

The 104 Bonds shall be effective for a CGT exemption provided that:

 

  i. They are traded in a continuous auction system; or

 

  ii. They are held for at least one hour.

 

   

The governmental bonds included in a list made by the Treasury Department qualify as 104 Bonds (even if some of the requirements mentioned above are not met) and are suitable for a CGT exemption, regardless of its trading system, by virtue of DS N° 471 of March 25, 2014.

 

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The Tax Reform Law introduced as well the “sourcing rule” for debt instruments: bonds and other debt instruments issued in Chile by Chilean companies will be deemed to be located in Chile. Therefore the capital gain arising from the sale will be subject to taxes, even if the seller is a non- resident. Also, interests arising from debt securities issued through offshore permanent establishment are deemed to be sourced in Chile.

Capital Gains Tax for shares and Foreign Institutional Investors

The special CGT exemption regime for foreign institutional investors contemplated under article 106 of the Chilean Income Tax Law was revoked by the Tax Reform Law.

Under the provisory regime, the CGT exemption shall be applicable for assets purchased before the entry in force of Funds Unified Law (May 1, 2014), provided that the seller complies with the requirements listed in the repealed article 106.

Also, according to article 107 of the Chilean Income Tax Law, gains derived from the sale or transfer of shares of publicly traded companies organized in Chile that are actively traded on a stock exchange, as defined in the relevant regulation, are exempt from taxes in Chile, provided that the following requirements are met:

 

  (a) The seller must have acquired the shares: (i) on a Chilean stock exchange authorized by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance; or (ii) pursuant to a regulated tender offer carried out according to Title XXV of the Chilean Securities Market Law; or (iii) at the time of incorporation of the corporation or pursuant to a capital increase, or (iv) pursuant to the exchange of public traded securities convertible in shares (in this case the acquisition cost of the shares corresponds to the exchange price), or (v) in a redemption of securities from mutual funds;

In regards to shares acquired in a capital increase process (as mentioned in (iii) above) before the company was publicly listed, only the portion which exceeds the price of the offering on the stock exchange (closing price on the first day of transactions for the IRS) or the book value on the prior day, whichever is greater, will be exempt.

 

  (b) The shares must be sold: (i) on a stock exchange authorized by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance; (ii) pursuant to a regulated tender offer; or (iii) in a contribution of securities on mutual funds; and

 

  (c) The exemption under analysis also applies if the sale or transfer of shares is executed within 90 days following the day on which they were no longer considered as actively traded. In such case, the profit exempted from Chilean taxes will be up to the average price of shares within the last 90 days on which they were actively traded. Any profit above the average price will be subject to the general tax regime applicable to the transfer of shares.

Other Chilean Taxes

There are no Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the transfer or disposition of the ADSs by a foreign holder; however, according to the Chilean Internal Revenue Service’s criteria, such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by a gift of shares of common stock by a foreign holder. No Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties apply to foreign holders of ADSs or shares of common stock.

Tax Reform Law N° 20.780

The Tax Reform Law could impact local and foreign investors. The main amendments introduced by the reform are as follows:

 

  1) Personal taxes:

The tax rate of the Chilean withholding tax does not change with the Tax Reform Law and, therefore, it remains at 35.0%. However, personal taxes (Global Complementario) for local investors will be reduced in the higher-income bracket from 40% to 35%, from 2017 onwards.

 

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  2) Tax system:

Up to now, earnings that are not distributed by companies as cash dividends are retained under the Fund or Taxable Retained Earnings (the “FUT”). As a result, retained earnings are only taxed at the corporate tax rate, while they are not subject to the 35% Chilean withholding tax (cash basis system). Under the Tax Reform Law, this mechanism will remain until 2016, so retained earnings will continue to increase the FUT. From 2017 onwards, if companies distribute cash dividends exceeding their annual net income, net amount in excess will be charged to the FUT.

The Tax Reform Law introduces two new alternative regimes for local companies impacting the amount of taxes levied on dividends distribution and the corporate tax rate differently. The regime must be chosen by voting of at least two thirds of shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting to be held in 2016. The company must in turn maintain that regime for at least five years. If a quorum of two thirds of voting rights is not reached or no option is elected and/or communicated to the Tax Authority, the Semi-Integrated Regime shall apply by default for listed companies. The elected regime will go into effect in 2017.

The alternative regimes are as follows:

a. The Semi-Integrated Regime:

 

   

Description: It is very similar to the current system. It levies taxes on effectively paid dividends (cash dividends). The corporate tax to be paid by the company will be 27% from 2018 onwards.

 

   

Local shareholders will be permitted to use only 65% of the paid corporate tax as a credit.

 

   

Foreign investors will only pay taxes over effectively paid dividends. They will be permitted to use the corporate tax (27%) as a credit against the Chilean withholding tax (35%). Investors from DTAT countries will be permitted to use 100% of the tax credit while investors from non-DTAT countries will be permitted to use 65% of the tax credit.

b. The Attribution Regime:

 

   

Description: It will be an alternative tax regime to be applied to local companies who chose it. The corporate tax rate will be 25% from 2017 onwards.

 

   

Local shareholders will levy personal taxes on their proportional participation in the total income before income tax that is attributed to or generated by the company, regardless of whether cash dividends are distributed or not. Also, shareholders will be permitted to use 100% of the paid Corporate Tax as a credit.

 

   

Foreign holders will pay taxes on their proportional participation in the total income before income tax generated by the company, regardless of whether cash dividends are distributed or not. It is important to mention that cash dividends will not be taxed again once received, regardless of whether they are received from direct investment or from investment made through mutual or investment funds (80/20 funds). Investors will be permitted to use 100% of the corporate tax (25.0%) as a credit against the Chilean withholding tax (35.0%). This new rule will have a direct impact on ADS holders.

 

  3) Capital gains, no longer sole.

Capital gains on the disposition of shares in Chilean companies may currently qualify for a sole capital-gains tax of 22.5% for 2015 and 24% for 2016, if those shares are not benefiting from the exemption of Article 107 (see “Capital Gains”).

The Tax Reform Law eliminates this reduced taxation and, therefore, capital gains associated with the sale of shares will be subject to the general tax regime, this is, first category tax and both 35.0% Chilean withholding tax for foreign holders or personal taxes for local investors. However, if the stock complies with the requirements established by Article 107 of the Chilean Income Tax Law capital gains will be free of tax for both foreign and local holders (see “Capital Gains”).

 

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  4) Stock dividends:

The Tax Reform Law will levy taxes on stock dividends (distribution of fully paid-in shares) received by investors from 2017 onwards. This rule will apply for both local and foreign holders of shares and ADS.

In addition, capital gains associated with the sale of shares obtained as stock dividends will be treated in the same way described above (see “Capital gains, no longer sole.”).

 

  5) The Stamp Tax:

The Stamp Tax will increase from 0.4% to 0.8% (this tax mainly affects loans and financing). This will be a one-time increase going effective on January 1, 2016.

 

  6) Other Effects:

The increase in the corporate tax rate in both regimes had a one-time impact on the Deferred Taxes outstanding, which was recognized in our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock, as well as the ownership and disposition of ADSs received pursuant to a deposit into the ADR facility of shares of our common stock, by a beneficial owner that is: (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust (or otherwise if the trust has a valid election in effect under current U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person). For purposes of this discussion, we refer to these owners of ADSs or shares of our common stock as “U.S. Holders.” If a partnership holds ADSs or shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A prospective investor that is a partnership or a partner in a partnership holding ADSs or shares of our common stock should consult its own tax advisors.

This summary is not a comprehensive discussion of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a U.S. Holder’s decision to acquire ADSs or shares of our common stock. In particular, this discussion is directed only to U.S. Holders that will hold ADSs or shares of our common stock as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and it does not address the Medicare tax on net investment income or any special U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“U.S. Code”), such as banks, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities electing the mark-to-market method of accounting, financial institutions, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships, holders that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting shares of our common stock, persons holding ADSs or shares of our common stock as part of a hedging, conversion or other integrated transaction or a straddle, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax or U.S. Holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Prospective investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences of their ownership of ADSs or shares of our common stock by consulting their own tax advisors.

Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please see the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies” below.

 

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The statements of U.S. federal income tax laws set out below are based on the laws in force as of the date hereof and may be subject to changes in U.S. federal income tax law occurring after that date, including changes that may have retroactive effect.

ADRs

A U.S. Holder who deposits shares of our common stock into the ADR facility, receiving ADSs in return, will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares of our common stock represented by those ADSs and evidenced by ADRs. Deposits and withdrawals of shares of our common stock by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Taxation of Dividends

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” distributions of cash or property (other than shares of our common stock, if any, distributed pro rata to all of our shareholders, including holders of ADSs) paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock, including the net amount of the Chilean income tax withheld on the distribution (after taking into account the credit for the first category tax), will be includible in gross income as ordinary income on the date on which the U.S. Holder receives the dividends, in the case of shares of our common stock, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of ADSs. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such excess amounts will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the shares of our common stock and, thereafter, as capital gain. As used below, the term “dividend” means a distribution that constitutes a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid in Chilean pesos generally will be includible in gross income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the spot market exchange rate in effect on the date the U.S. Holder receives the dividends, in the case of shares of our common stock, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of ADSs, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any Chilean pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars after they are received.

Dividends paid to corporate U.S. Holders with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the U.S. Code. Under current law, dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders with respect to ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at preferential rates if the dividends constitute “qualified dividend income” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividend income if:

 

 

the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States; and

 

 

we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC.

The ADSs are listed on the NYSE, and will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are so listed. Moreover, as discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” we believe that we will not be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2014 and current taxable year, and based on our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, relevant market and shareholder data and our current business plans, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC in the future. However, there can be no assurance in this regard because the PFIC determination is made annually and is based on the portion of our assets (including goodwill) and income that is characterized as passive under the PFIC rules and our continued qualification for an exception to the PFIC rules for certain foreign banks.

Based on existing guidance, we do not expect that dividends paid on shares of our common stock will be qualified as dividends because shares of our common stock are not readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and, although a comprehensive income tax treaty between Chile and the United States has been signed, such treaty is not currently in force.

 

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Subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions under the U.S. Code (including a minimum holding period requirement), Chilean income tax withheld from dividends (after taking into account the credit for the first category tax, when it is available) may be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. If the amount of Chilean income tax initially withheld from a dividend is determined to be in excess of a U.S. Holder’s Chilean tax liability, thereby permitting a U.S. Holder to obtain a refund in respect of such excess tax, such excess tax may not be creditable. Dividends paid on the ADSs or shares of our common stock generally will constitute foreign source income, and for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, as “passive category income,” for most U.S. Holders. U.S. Holders are not allowed foreign tax credits for income taxes withheld in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities and may not be allowed foreign tax credits in respect of arrangements in which their expected economic profit is insubstantial. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct Chilean income taxes paid with respect to dividends on our shares of common stock against its taxable income, assuming such U.S. Holder does not take a credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. U.S. Holders should consult their own advisors concerning the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

Taxation of Capital Gains or Losses

Subject to the discussion below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies,” gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock generally will be capital gain or loss and generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares of our common stock have been held for more than one year. The amount of gain or loss realized will be the difference between (i) the amount realized on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock over (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or shares of our common stock. Long-term capital gain realized by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) generally is eligible for favorable rates of U.S. federal income tax. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations under the U.S. Code.

The initial tax basis of shares of our common stock purchased by a U.S. Holder generally will be the U.S. dollar value of the Chilean pesos denominated purchase price determined on the date of purchase. If shares of our common stock are treated as being traded on an “established securities market,” a cash basis U.S. Holder, or, if it elects, an accrual basis U.S. Holder, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the cost of such shares by translating the amount paid at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the purchase. Such an election by an accrual basis U.S. Holder must be applied consistently from year to year and cannot be revoked without the consent of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “U.S. IRS”). If a U.S. Holder converts U.S. dollars to Chilean pesos and immediately uses the currency to purchase shares of our common stock, such conversion generally will not result in taxable gain or loss to the U.S. Holder.

With respect to the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock, the amount realized by a U.S. Holder generally will be the U.S. dollar value of the payment received determined on (1) the date of receipt of payment in the case of a cash basis U.S. Holder or (2) the date of disposition in the case of an accrual basis U.S. Holder. If shares of our common stock are treated as being traded on an “established securities market,” a cash basis U.S. Holder, or, if it elects, an accrual basis U.S. Holder, will determine the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized by translating the amount received at the spot rate of exchange on the settlement date of the sale.

Any gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on such a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of shares of our common stock generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. If Chilean income tax is withheld on such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition (see “Taxation—Chilean Tax Considerations—Capital Gains”), a U.S. Holder generally would not be able to utilize foreign tax credits in respect of such Chilean income tax unless the U.S. Holder has other income from foreign sources, for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation rules. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may be able to deduct Chilean income taxes paid with respect to a disposition of shares of our common stock against its taxable income, assuming such U.S. Holder does not take a credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit limitation rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the shares of our common stock.

 

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Passive Foreign Investment Companies

Special U.S. federal income tax rules apply to U.S. persons owning ADSs or common shares of a PFIC. A foreign corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying relevant look through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries, either:

 

 

at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income”; or

 

 

on average at least 50% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.

For this purpose, passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains from the disposition of passive assets and gains from commodities and securities transactions. In determining whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% interest (by value) is taken into account.

Banks generally derive a substantial part of their income from assets that are interest bearing or that otherwise could be considered passive under the PFIC rules. An exception, however, is provided for income derived in the active conduct of a banking business (the “Active Bank Exception”). The application of the Active Bank Exception to banks is unclear under present U.S. federal income tax law. The U.S. IRS has issued a notice and has proposed U.S. Treasury regulations which have different requirements for qualifying as a foreign bank and for determining the banking income that may be excluded from passive income under the Active Bank Exception. Based on our current estimates of our gross income and gross assets, the nature of our business and our interpretation of the proposed U.S. Treasury regulations and notice relating to the Active Bank Exception, we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC for our current taxable year (although the determination cannot be made until the end of such taxable year), and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we do not expect to be classified as a PFIC in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurances in this regard, however, because the application of the relevant rules is complex and involves some uncertainty. The PFIC determination is made annually and is based on the portion of our assets (including goodwill) and income that is characterized as passive under the PFIC rules. In addition, the relevant U.S. Treasury regulations addressing the Active Bank Exception may not be finalized in their current form, and our PFIC status may be impacted if and when these U.S. Treasury regulations are finalized. Moreover, our business plans may change, which may affect the PFIC determination in future years.

If we are treated as a PFIC for any year, U.S. Holders may be subject to adverse tax consequences upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock, or upon the receipt of certain “excess distributions” (generally distributions in excess of 125% of the average distribution over the shorter of a three-year period or the U.S. Holder’s holding period for shares of our common stock) from us. In this event, unless a U.S. Holder elects to be taxed annually on a mark-to-market basis with respect to ADSs or shares of our common stock, as described below, any gain realized on a sale or other taxable disposition of ADSs or shares of our common stock or excess distributions would be treated as realized ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such ADSs or shares of our common stock, and amounts allocated to prior years during which we were a PFIC would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year. An additional interest charge may apply to the portion of the U.S. federal income tax liability on such gain or distribution treated under the PFIC rules as having been deferred by the U.S. Holder. Amounts allocated to the taxable year in which the sale or excess distribution occurs and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income in the taxable year in which the sale or excess distribution occurs. If we were a PFIC, certain subsidiaries and other entities in which we have a direct or indirect interest may also be PFICs (“Lower-tier PFICs”). Under attribution rules, U.S. Holders would be deemed to own their proportionate shares of Lower-tier PFICs and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax according to the rules described above on (i) certain distributions by a Lower-tier PFIC and (ii) a disposition of shares of a Lower-tier PFIC, in each case as if the U.S. Holder held such shares directly, even though such U.S. Holder had not received the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions.

If we are treated as a PFIC, the rules described in the foregoing paragraph can be avoided by a U.S. Holder that makes a “mark-to-market” election. A U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election for ADSs or shares of our common stock (but not for the shares of any Lower-tier PFIC) if such ADSs or shares of our common stock constitute “marketable stock” as defined in the U.S. Treasury regulations. ADSs and shares of our common stock will be marketable stock if they are regularly traded on a “qualified

 

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exchange or other market” within the meaning of the U.S. Treasury regulations. The ADSs are listed on the NYSE, and will qualify as regularly traded on an established securities market so long as they are so listed. No assurance can be given, however, that our common stock will be considered regularly traded on an established securities market. In particular, it is unclear whether the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange would meet the requirements for a “qualified exchange or other market.” A U.S. Holder electing the mark-to-market regime generally would compute gain or loss at the end of each taxable year as if the ADSs or shares of our common stock had been sold at fair market value. Any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder under mark-to-market treatment, or on an actual sale, would be treated as ordinary income, and the U.S. Holder would be allowed an ordinary deduction for any decrease in the value of its ADSs or shares of our common stock as of the end of any taxable year, and for any loss recognized on an actual sale, but only to the extent, in each case, of previously included mark-to-market income not offset by previously deducted decreases in value. Any loss on an actual sale of ADSs or shares of our common stock would be a capital loss to the extent in excess of previously included mark-to-market income not offset by previously deducted decreases in value. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its ADSs or shares of our common stock will be increased by the amount of income inclusion and decreased by the amount of deductions under the mark-to-market rules. U.S. Holders should be aware, however, that if we are determined to be a PFIC, the interest charge regime described above could be applied to indirect distributions or gains deemed to be attributable to U.S. Holders in respect of any of our Lower-tier PFICs, and the mark-to-market election generally would not be effective for such Lower-tier PFICs.

The rules described in the second preceding paragraph can also be avoided by a U.S. Holder that elects to treat us as a “qualified electing fund.” However, this option generally will not be available to U.S. Holders because we do not intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. Holders to make such election.

A U.S. Holder that owns ADSs or shares of our common stock during any taxable year that we are treated as a PFIC generally would be required to file U.S. IRS Form 8621. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to ADSs or shares of our common stock, the availability and advisability of making an election to avoid the adverse tax consequences of the PFIC rules should we be considered a PFIC for any taxable year and the application of the reporting requirements on U.S. IRS Form 8621 to their particular situation.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, ADSs or shares of our common stock to a U.S. Holder generally will be subject to the information reporting requirements of the U.S. Code and may be subject to backup withholding unless the U.S. Holder provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the U.S. IRS.

In addition, U.S. Holders may be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including filing a U.S. IRS Form 8938, Statement of Foreign Financial Assets, with respect to the holding of certain foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, either directly or through certain foreign financial institutions, if the aggregate value of all such assets exceeds U.S.$50,000. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to ADSs or shares of our common stock and the application of these reporting requirements to their particular situations.

HOLDERS OF ADSs OR SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE CHILEAN, U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY NON-U.S., STATE OR LOCAL TAX LAWS.

WHERE TO FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The materials included in this annual report on Form 20-F, and exhibits thereto, may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference

 

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rooms. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains the same reports and information about us. The reports and information about us can be downloaded from the SEC’s website.

 

Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative information related to market risk, see Note 42 to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

Item 12A Debt Securities

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12B Warrants and Rights

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12C Other Securities

Not Applicable.

 

Item 12D American Depositary Shares

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Depositary”) serves as the depositary for our ADSs. ADS holders are required to pay various fees to the Depositary, and the Depositary may refuse to provide any service for which a fee is assessed until the applicable fee has been paid.

ADS holders are required to pay the Depositary amounts in respect of expenses incurred by the Depositary or its agents on behalf of ADS holders, including expenses arising from compliance with applicable law, taxes or other governmental charges, facsimile transmission or conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars.

ADS holders are also required to pay additional fees for certain services provided by the Depositary, as set forth in the table below.

 

Depositary service

  

Fee payable by ADS holders

(a) Issuance and delivery of ADRs against deposits of shares, including deposits in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions    Up to U.S.$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)
(b) Distribution of dividends    U.S.$0.02 or less per ADS
(c) Withdrawal of shares underlying ADSs    Up to U.S.$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or portion thereof)
(d) Transfer, combination and split-up of ADRs    U.S.$1.50 per ADS

The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions prior to the deposit of shares to pay the charges described in (a) and (c) of the table above. In addition, the Depositary may deduct from any distributions on or in respect of deposited securities, or may sell by public or private sale for the account of a holder, any part or all of such deposited securities (after attempting by reasonable means to notify the holder prior to such sale), and may apply such deduction or the proceeds of any such sale in payment of any tax or other governmental charge that may become payable by or on behalf of a custodian or the Depositary with respect to any ADR, any deposited securities represented by ADSs or any distribution thereon.

Payments by the Depositary

The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for certain reasonable expenses related to the ADS program, subject to a cap agreed between the Depositary and us. These reimbursable expenses currently include, but are not limited to, legal fees, NYSE listing

 

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fees, investor relations servicing, investor related presentations, ADR-related advertising and public relations in those jurisdictions in which the ADRs may be listed or otherwise quoted for trading, and accountants’ fees in relation to our regulatory filings. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we did not receive any reimbursements from the depositary, but the Depositary paid approximately U.S.$252 of broker expenses on our behalf.

PART II

 

Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

 

Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

 

Item 15 Controls and Procedures

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

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Management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO – 1992 framework) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

Based on our assessment and those criteria, management believes that the company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014.

(c) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls

Ernst & Young Limitada, the independent registered public accounting firm that has audited our financial statements, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. This attestation report appears on page F-3 of our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014.

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2014 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 16A Audit Committee Financial Expert

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Jorge Awad M., a member of our directors/audit committee who satisfies the independence requirements of both Chilean law and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” pursuant to the Instruction to paragraph (a) of Item 16A. Mr. Awad possesses the relevant financial experience because of his oversight of the preparation of financial statements of various companies through his experience detailed in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Jorge Awad M.”, in particular with LATAM Airlines Group S.A. (an SEC registrant) as a former chairman of the board and chairman of their board of director’s committee, where his main duties included the examination of reports of external auditors, balance sheets and other financial statements required by applicable regulations, and also as chairman of the Chilean Bankers Association and his academic background.

 

Item 16B Code of Ethics

In 2008, we adopted a new Code of Ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. The Code of Ethics applies to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, and to all other employees without exception. Since 2011, the Code of Ethics additionally applies to our Directors and Consultants of our Board. A current copy of the Code of Ethics is filed as Exhibit 6.1 to this annual report.

 

Item 16C Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by our independent auditors, EY Limitada, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  
     (in millions of Ch$)  

Audit fees

   Ch$ 840       Ch$ 803       Ch$ 776   

Audit-related fees

     —           —           —     

Tax fees

     —           3         22   

Other fees

     —           —           460   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total fees

   Ch$ 840       Ch$ 806       Ch$ 1,258   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

“Audit fees” in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by EY Limitada in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements. This line item includes: (i) audit of our statutory accounts, and audit of the consolidated financial statements

 

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required by Item 18 of Form 20-F and limited reviews of financial statements, (ii) reviews of forms and comment letters filed with the SEC and the issuance of comfort letters, and (iii) other local attestation reports required by local regulators.

“Audit-related fees” in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by EY Limitada for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Bank’s financial statements and are not reported under “audit fees”. Services such as (i) attestation reports not required by statute or regulations and (ii) merger and acquisition due diligence are included on this line item. During 2012, 2013 and 2014, there were no such services rendered.

“Tax fees” in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by EY Limitada for permitted tax advisory and tax compliance services.

“All Other fees” incurred in 2014 were related to certain consulting services such as: (i) operational risk assessment, and (ii) foreign regulations compliance. During 2012 and 2013, there were no other services rendered.

Directors/Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Auditors are pre-approved by our directors/audit committee, whose main duties are disclosed in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.” Furthermore, the selection of external auditors is subject to approval by our shareholders at the ordinary annual shareholders’ meeting. All proposed services carried out by our external auditors as well as corresponding fees related to audit and non-audit services, have been presented to our directors/audit committee, which has determined they are reasonable and consistent with our policies.

 

Item 16D Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Mr. Pino serves on our directors/audit committee in reliance upon the exemption from the independence requirements contained in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D). We do not believe that such reliance would materially adversely affect the ability of the directors/audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.

 

Item 16E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We did not make any purchases of our previously issued shares during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

 

Item 16F Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not Applicable.

 

Item 16G Corporate Governance

Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE, we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards. We are a Chilean bank with shares listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange, the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, the LSE and the Latibex and ADSs listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Our corporate governance practices are governed by our bylaws, the General Banking Law, the Chilean Corporations Law, the Ley de Mercado de Valores No. 18,045 (the Securities Market Law), and the regulations issued by the SBIF. Therefore, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards.

 

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The table below discloses the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards.

 

NYSE Standards

  

Our Corporate Governance Practice

Director Independence. Majority of board of directors must be independent. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.01    Pursuant to the General Banking Law, we are not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors. However, pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, under certain circumstances provided in Article 50b is of such law, we are required to appoint at least one independent director.
   The definition of independence applicable to us pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law differs in certain aspects from the definition applicable to U.S. issuers under the NYSE rules.
   Under the Chilean Corporations Law, as recently amended, there are several factors that must be observed in order to determine whether a director is deemed to be independent. These factors are included in Article 50bis of the Chilean Corporations Law. In addition, under the regulations of the SBIF, members of the directors/audit committee must satisfy international independence criteria set forth by our board of directors.
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. §303A.03    There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or under applicable Chilean law.
Audit committee. Audit committee must satisfy the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07.    We are in compliance with Rule 10A-3. The members of our directors/audit committee are not required to satisfy the NYSE independence and other audit committee standards that are not prescribed by Rule 10A-3.
Nominating/corporate governance committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements. §303A.04    We are not required to have, and do not have, a nominating/corporate governance committee.

 

NYSE Standards

  

Our Corporate Governance Practice

Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.05    We are not required to have a compensation committee. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporations Law, our directors/audit committee must approve compensation plans.

 

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NYSE Standards

  

Our Corporate Governance Practice

Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.    Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.
Code of Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10    We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to all of our executive officers, employees, directors and advisors to our board of directors, a version of which is filed as an exhibit to this Form 20-F. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Ethics sets forth the principles and values that govern personnel conduct as well as other issues such as conflicts of interests, usage of privileged information, internal controls for fraud prevention and labor responsibility.

 

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PART III

 

Item 17 Financial Statements

Not applicable.

 

Item 18 Financial Statements

Our audited consolidated financial statements are included in this annual report beginning at page F-1. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

Item 19 Exhibits

LIST OF EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit
No.
  

Exhibit

  1.1    Estatutos of Banco de Chile, which serve as our articles of incorporation and bylaws (English translation).*
  2.1    Form of Deposit agreement among Banco de Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank as depositary, and the holders from time to time of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-14020) filed on October 18, 2001).
  2.2    Amendment No. 1, dated February 1, 2011, to the Deposit Agreement among Banco de Chile, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as depositary and holders from time to time of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our registration statement on Form F-6 (Registration No. 333-171999) filed on February 1, 2011).
  3.1    Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated July 19, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.2    Shareholders Agreement between Quiñenco, S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and the minority shareholders of LQIF, dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.3    Amendment to the Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated December 19, 2008 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.4    Amendment to the Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated December 19, 2008 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  3.5    Amendment to the Shareholders Agreement between Quiñenco, S.A., Citigroup Chile S.A. and the minority shareholders of LQIF, dated January 9, 2014 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our current report on Form 6-K dated January 14, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).

 

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Exhibit
No.
  

Exhibit

  3.6    Amendment to the Master Joint Venture Agreement between Quiñenco S.A., Citigroup, Inc. and Citibank Overseas Investment Corporation, dated January 9, 2014 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our current report on Form 6-K dated January 14, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.1    Merger Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citibank Chile, dated December 26, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2    Cooperation Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.3    Global Connectivity Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.4    Asset Purchase Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citibank, N.A., dated December 31, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.5    Trademark License Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated December 27, 2007 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.6    First Supplementary Agreement to the Cooperation Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.7    First Supplementary Agreement to the Global Connectivity Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.8    Amendment to the Trademark License Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup Inc., dated February 27, 2009 (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference).
  4.9    Master Services Agreement between Banco de Chile and Citigroup, Inc., dated September 25, 2009 (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266) for the year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference).
  5.1    List of subsidiaries.*
  6.1    Code of Professional Ethics (English translation) (filed as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-15266 for the year ended December 21, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
12.1    Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*

 

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Exhibit
No.
  

Exhibit

12.2    Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
13.1    Certification under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*

 

* Filed herewith.

Omitted from the exhibits filed with this annual report are certain instruments and agreements with respect to our long-term debt, none of which authorizes securities in a total amount that exceeds 10% of our total assets. We hereby agree to furnish to the SEC copies of any such omitted instruments or agreements as the SEC requests.

 

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Consolidated Financial Statements

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

December 31, 2013 and 2014

 

Ch$ or CLP      =      Chilean pesos
MCh$      =      Millions of Chilean pesos
U.S.$ or USD      =      U.S. dollars
ThU.S.$      =      Thousands of U.S. dollars
JPY      =      Japanese yen
EUR      =      Euro
MXN      =      Mexican pesos
HKD      =      Hong Kong dollars
PEN      =      Peruvian nuevo sol
CHF      =      Swiss franc
U.F. or CLF      =      Unidad de fomento
          (The unidad de fomento is an inflation-indexed, Chilean peso denominated monetary unit set daily in advance on the basis of the previous month’s inflation rate).


Table of Contents

Index

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-3   

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

     F-4   

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

     F-5   

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

     F-6   

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

     F-8   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

     F-9   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-10   


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LOGO

 

EY Chile

Avda. Presidente

Riesco 5435, piso 4,

Santiago

  

Tel: +56 (2) 2676 1000

www.eychile.cl

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco de Chile:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Banco de Chile and subsidiaries (the “Bank”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Bank’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Banco de Chile and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) and our report dated April 23, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

EY LTDA.

Santiago, Chile

April 23, 2015

 

F-3


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LOGO

 

EY Chile

Avda. Presidente

Riesco 5435, piso 4,

Santiago

  

Tel: +56 (2) 2676 1000

www.eychile.cl

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco de Chile:

We have audited Banco de Chile and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (1992 framework) (the “COSO criteria”). Banco de Chile and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Banco de Chile and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial position of Banco de Chile and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014, and our report dated April 23, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

EY LTDA.

Santiago, Chile

April 23, 2015

 

F-4


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BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2014
ThU.S.$
 

ASSETS

         

Cash and due from banks

   6      873,308        915,133        1,509,896   

Transactions in the course of collection

   6      300,026        356,185        587,677   

Financial assets held-for-trading

   7      326,921        293,458        484,182   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

   8      82,422        27,661        45,638   

Derivative instruments

   9      374,687        832,267        1,373,174   

Loans and advance to banks

   10      1,062,056        1,155,365        1,906,260   

Loans to customers, net

   11      20,441,472        21,400,775        35,309,566   

Financial assets available-for-sale

   12      1,681,883        1,608,796        2,654,385   

Investments in other companies

   13      14,407        23,043        38,019   

Intangible assets

   14      72,223        66,859        110,312   

Property and equipment

   15      197,578        205,403        338,899   

Investments properties

   16      16,317        15,936        26,293   

Current tax assets

   17      —          —          —     

Deferred tax assets, net

   17      56,421        94,240        155,488   

Other assets

   18      373,987        586,555        967,769   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL ASSETS

        25,873,708        27,581,676        45,507,558   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES

         

Current accounts and other demand deposits

   19      5,984,332        6,934,373        11,441,161   

Transactions in the course of payments

   6      51,898        53,049        87,527   

Cash collateral on securities lent and repurchase agreements

   8      256,766        249,482        411,625   

Saving accounts and time deposits

   20      10,402,725        9,721,246        16,039,278   

Derivate instruments

   9      426,110        827,123        1,364,687   

Borrowings from financial institutions

   21      989,465        1,098,716        1,812,793   

Debt issued

   22      4,366,960        5,057,956        8,345,223   

Other financial obligations

   23      210,926        186,573        307,831   

Current tax liabilities

   17      7,131        19,030        31,398   

Provisions

   24      154,650        185,643        306,296   

Employee benefits

   25      67,944        81,515        134,493   

Other liabilities

   26      275,762        255,995        422,369   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES

        23,194,669        24,670,701        40,704,681   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EQUITY

         

Attributable to equity holders of the parent:

         

Capital

        1,849,351        1,944,920        3,208,962   

Reserves

        345,269        431,476        711,901   

Other Comprehensive income

        22,999        51,072        84,265   

Retained earnings:

         

Retained earnings from previous periods

        65,311        65,311        107,758   

Income for the year

        550,188        595,518        982,558   

Less:

         

Provisions for minimum dividend

        (154,081     (177,324     (292,570

Non-controlling interest

        2        2        3   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY

   28      2,679,039        2,910,975        4,802,877   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

        25,873,708        27,581,676        45,507,558   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes    2012
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2014
ThU.S.$
 

A. STATEMENT OF INCOME

           

Interest revenue

   29      1,672,766        1,765,942        2,045,604        3,375,083   

Interest expense

   29      (708,629     (704,371     (788,788     (1,301,437
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

        964,137        1,061,571        1,256,816        2,073,646   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from fees and commissions

   30      372,767        386,732        387,452        639,265   

Expense from fees and commissions

   30      (85,495     (99,639     (115,264     (190,176
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net fees and commissions income

        287,272        287,093        272,188        449,089   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net financial operating income

   31      16,199        32,672        35,204        58,084   

Foreign exchange transactions, net

   32      35,136        71,457        70,225        115,866   

Other operating income

   37      20,887        25,884        27,211        44,896   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating revenues

        1,323,631        1,478,677        1,661,644        2,741,581   

Provision for loan losses

   33      (166,420     (221,653     (261,566     (431,563
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

OPERATING REVENUES, NET OF PROVISIONS FOR LOAN LOSSES

        1,157,211        1,257,024        1,400,078        2,310,018   

Personnel expenses

   34      (309,865     (323,236     (384,512     (634,414

Administrative expenses

   35      (247,459     (252,502     (270,537     (446,364

Depreciation and amortization

   36      (35,146     (27,677     (32,787     (54,096

Impairments

   36      (899     (2,247     (2,085     (3,440

Other operating expenses

   38      (19,565     (13,868     (37,439     (61,772
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES

        (612,934     (619,530     (727,360     (1,200,086
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET OPERATING INCOME

        544,277        637,494        672,718        1,109,932   

Income attributable to associates

   13      (468     1,780        2,486        4,102   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

        543,809        639,274        675,204        1,114,034   

Income taxes

   17      (63,928     (89,085     (79,685     (131,474
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

        479,881        550,189        595,519        982,560   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

           

Equity holders of the parent

        479,880        550,188        595,518        982,558   

Non-controlling interest

        1        1        1        2   

Net income per share from continued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent:

   28      $                 $                 $                 U.S.$              

Basic net income per share

        5.28        5.82        6.29        0.010   

Diluted net income per share

        5.28        5.82        6.29        0.010   

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

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Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

     Notes    2012     2013     2014     2014  
          MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     ThU.S.$  

B. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

           

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

        479,881        550,189        595,519        982,560   

Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

           

Net unrealized gains (losses):

           

Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale instruments

   12      30,127        14,518        7,531        12,426   

Gains and losses on derivatives held as cash flow hedges

   9      1,777        (18,069     29,756        49,095   

Cumulative translation adjustment

        (58     71        80        132   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal Other comprehensive income before income taxes

        31,846        (3,480     37,367        61,653   

Income tax

        (6,343     710        (9,294     (15,334
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income items that will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

        25,503        (2,770     28,073        46,319   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

           

Expense in defined benefit plans

        (2,200     (166     (399     (658
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal other comprehensive income before income taxes

        (2,200     (166     (399     (658

Income taxes

        440        33        103        170   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

        (1,760     (133     (296     (488

Subtotal other comprehensive income

        23,743        (2,903     27,777        45,831   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

        503,624        547,286        623,296        1,028,391   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Attributable to:

           

Equity holders of the parent

        503,623        547,285        623,295        1,028,389   

Non-controlling interest

        1        1        1        2   

Comprehensive net income per share from continued operations attributable to equity holders of the parent:

        $                 $                 $                 U.S.$            

Basic net income per share

        5.54        5.79        6.58        0.01   

Diluted net income per share

        5.54        5.79        6.58        0.01   

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

F-7


Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

              Reserves     Other comprehensive income(*)     Retained earnings                    
        Paid-in
capital
    Other
reserves
    Reserves
from
earnings
   

Unrealized
gains

(losses) on
available-
for-sale

    Cumulative
translation
adjustment
    Cash flow
hedge
adjustment
    Retained
earnings
from
previous
periods
    Income
for the
year
    Provision
for
minimum
dividends
    Attributable
to equity
holders of
the parent
   

Non-

controlling
interest

    Total
equity
 
    Notes   MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Balances as of January 1, 2012

      1,436,083        99,336        130,171        696        (36     (395     65,311        438,143        (128,642     2,040,667        2        2,040,669   

Capitalization of retained earnings

  28     73,911        —          —          —          —          —          —          (73,911     —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

      —          —          67,473        —          —          —          —          (67,473     —          —          —          —     

Income distribution

      —          (43     —          —          —          —          —          43        —          —          —          —     

Defined benefit plans adjustment

      —          (1,760     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (1,760     —          (1,760

Dividends distributions and paid

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (296,802     128,642        (168,160     (1     (168,161

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          (58     —          —          —          —          (58     —          (58

Valuation adjustment on available-for-sale instruments (net)

      —          —          —          24,133        —          —          —          —          —          24,133        —          24,133   

Cash flow hedge adjustment, net

      —          —          —          —          —          1,429        —          —          —          1,429        —          1,429   

Subscription and payment of shares

      119,084        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          119,084        —          119,084   

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          479,880        —          479,880        1        479,881   

Provision for minimum dividends

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (139,755     (139,755     —          (139,755
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2012

      1,629,078        97,533        197,644        24,829        (94     1,034        65,311        479,880        (139,755     2,355,460        2        2,355,462   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2013

      1,629,078        97,533        197,644        24,829        (94     1,034        65,311        479,880        (139,755     2,355,460        2        2,355,462   

Capitalization of retained earnings

  28     86,202        —          —          —          —          —          —          (86,202     —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

      —          —          48,463        —          —          —          —          (48,463     —          —          —          —     

Income distribution

      —          1,760        —          —          —          —          —          (1,760     —          —          —          —     

Defined benefit plans adjustment

      —          (133     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (133     —          (133

Equity adjustment investment in other companies

      —          2        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          2        —          2   

Dividends distributions and paid

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (343,455     139,755        (203,700     (1     (203,701

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          71        —          —          —          —          71        —          71   

Valuation adjustment on available-for-sale instruments (net)

      —          —          —          11,614        —          —          —          —          —          11,614        —          11,614   

Cash flow hedge adjustment, net

      —          —          —          —          —          (14,455     —          —          —          (14,455     —          (14,455

Subscription and payment of shares

  28     134,071        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          134,071        —          134,071   

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          550,188        —          550,188        1        550,189   

Provision for minimum dividends

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (154,081     (154,081     —          (154,081
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2013

      1,849,351        99,162        246,107        36,443        (23     (13,421     65,311        550,188        (154,081     2,679,037        2        2,679,039   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2014

      1,849,351        99,162        246,107        36,443        (23     (13,421     65,311        550,188        (154,081     2,679,037        2        2,679,039   

Capitalization of retained earnings

  28     95,569        —          —          —          —          —          —          (95,569     —          —          —          —     

Retention (release) earnings

      —          —          86,499        —          —          —          —          (86,499     —          —          —          —     

Defined benefit plans adjustment

      —          (296     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (296     —          (296

Equity adjustment investment in other companies

      —          4        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          4        —          4   

Dividends distributions and paid

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (368,120     154,081        (214,039     (1     (214,040

Cumulative translation adjustment

      —          —          —          —          80        —          —          —          —          80        —          80   

Valuation adjustment on available-for-sale instruments (net)

      —          —          —          4,486        —          —          —          —          —          4,486        —          4,486   

Cash flow hedge adjustment, net

      —          —          —          —          —          23,507        —          —          —          23,507        —          23,507   

Income for the year

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          595,518        —          595,518        1        595,519   

Provision for minimum dividends

      —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          (177,324     (177,324     —          (177,324
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2014

      1,944,920        98,870        332,606        40,929        57        10,086        65,311        595,518        (177,324     2,910,973        2        2,910,975   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

* As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 total other comprehensive income is MCh$25,769, MCh$22,999 and MCh$51,072, respectively.

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

F-8


Table of Contents

BANCO DE CHILE AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014

(Expressed in millions of Chilean pesos unless otherwise specified)

 

          2012     2013     2014     2014  
     Notes    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     ThU.S.$  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

           

Net income for the year

        479,880        550,188        595,519        982,561   

Items that do not represent cash flows:

           

Depreciation and amortization

   36      35,146        27,677        32,787        54,096   

Impairment property and equipment

   36      899        2,247        2,085        3,440   

Provision for loan losses

   33      207,748        260,919        306,126        505,083   

Provision financial guarantees

   33      (366     (3,689     (1,749     (2,886

Fair value adjustment of financial assets held-for-trading

        931        (1,612     1,764        2,910   

Income attributable to associates

   13      468        (1,780     (2,486     (4,102

Net gain on sales of assets received in lieu of payment

   37      (5,674     (6,126     (1,223     (2,018

Net gain loss on sales of property and equipment

        (318     (219     (156     (257

Other charges (credits) to income that do not represent cash flows

        1,721        (2,670     (2,657     (4,384

(Gain) loss from foreign exchange transactions of other assets and other liabilities

        37,133        (148,118     (246,060     (405,979

Net changes in interest and fee accruals

        38,477        29,324        (128,527     (212,059

Changes in assets and liabilities that affect operating cash flows:

           

(Increase) decrease in loans and advances to banks, net

        (695,376     281,524        (94,186     (155,399

(Increase) decrease in loans to customers, net

        (1,529,011     (2,198,972     (941,244     (1,552,977

(Increase) decrease in financial assets held-for-trading, net

        109,720        (165,645     31,679        52,268   

Increase in deferred taxes, net

   17      4,224        (620     (37,819     (62,398

Increase in current accounts and other demand deposits

        576,301        512,875        948,593        1,565,103   

Increase (decrease) in payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

        (15,277     33,016        5,282        8,715   

Increase (decrease) in saving accounts and time deposits

        327,980        797,009        (650,150     (1,072,695

(Increase) decrease in other operating assets and liabilities

        (103     (113,591     (51,253     (84,563

Proceeds from sale of assets received in lieu of payment

        9,510        8,454        4,132        6,817   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from operating activities

        (415,987     (139,809     (229,543     (378,724
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

           

(Increase) decrease in financial assets available-for-sale

        219,403        (387,578     76,809        126,729   

Purchases of property and equipment

   15      (17,981     (12,249     (31,513     (51,994

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment

        400        505        200        330   

Purchases of intangible assets

   14      (9,116     (5,511     5,382        8,880   

Investments in other companies

        (71     (1,436     (6,603     (10,894

(Increase) decrease in other assets and liabilities

        (1,227     (3,922     4,756        7,847   

Dividends received from investments in other companies

   13      943        956        195        322   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from investing activities

        192,351        (409,235     49,226        81,220   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

           

Increase (decrease) in borrowings from financial institutions

        142,573        (323,055     4,584        7,563   

Increase (decrease) in other financial obligations

        (16,512     54,074        (18,883     (31,155

Increase (decrease) in borrowings from Central Bank

        (22,793     —          —          —     

Borrowings with Central Bank of Chile (long-term)

        20        —          18        30   

Payment of borrowings from Central Bank (long-term)

        (56     (7     (20     (33

Long-term foreign borrowings

        325,247        844,776        917,204        1,513,313   

Payment of long-term foreign borrowings

        (1,013,911     (639,571     (811,697     (1,339,235

Other long-term borrowings

        1,526        609        7,091        11,700   

Payment of other long-term borrowings

        (7,363     (6,285     (13,211     (21,797

Repayment of mortgage finance bonds

        (27,529     (20,734     (16,713     (27,575

Proceeds from bond issuances

   22      717,557        1,097,345        736,212        1,214,691   

Proceeds from commercial papers (short-term bonds)

   22      516,428        509,920        1,090,340        1,798,974   

Redemption from bond issuances

        (389,382     (536,823     (1,149,274     (1,896,210

Subscription and payment of shares

        119,084        134,071        —          —     

Dividends paid

        (296,802     (343,455     (368,120     (607,369
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash flows from financing activities

        48,087        770,865        377,531        622,897   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL NET POSITIVE (NEGATIVE) CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR

        (175,549     221,821        197,214        325,393   

Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

        (31,720     60,437        46,222        76,263   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

        1,171,749        964,480        1,246,738        2,057,018   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   6      964,480        1,246,738        1,490,174        2,458,674   
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

           

Cash paid during the year for:

           

Income taxes paid

        53,949        19,525        2,091        8,910   

Interest received

        1,614,122        1,669,559        1,705,103        (10,927

Interest paid

        (657,235     (581,066     (588,572     1,530,070   

 

The accompanying notes 1 to 44 are an

integral part of these consolidated financial statements

 

F-9


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. Company Information:

Banco de Chile, resulting from the merger of Banco Nacional de Chile, Banco Agrícola and Banco de Valparaíso, was formed on October 28, 1893 in the city of Santiago, in the presence of the Notary Eduardo Reyes Lavalle.

Banco de Chile (“Banco de Chile” or the “Bank”) is a Corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile, regulated by the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions (“SBIF”). Since 2001 – when the Bank was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), in the course of its American Depository Receipt (ADR) program, which is also registered at the London Stock Exchange – Banco de Chile also complies with the regulations published by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Banco de Chile offers a broad range of banking services to its customers, ranging from individuals to large corporations. The services are managed in large corporate banking, middle and small corporate banking, personal banking services and retail groups. Additionally, the Bank offers international as well as treasury banking services. The Bank’s subsidiaries provide other services including securities brokerage, mutual fund management, factoring, insurance brokerage, financial advisory and securitization.

Banco de Chile’s legal address is Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile and its website is www.bancochile.cl.

The consolidated financial statements of the Bank for the year ended December 31, 2014 were authorized for issuance in accordance with the directors’ resolution on April 23, 2015.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles:

 

  (a) Basis of preparation:

The Bank’s consolidated financial statements for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

The bank presents its statement of financial position broadly in order of liquidity. An analysis regarding recovery or settlement within 12 months after the statement of financial position date (current) and more than 12 months after the statement of financial position date (non–current) is presented in note 41.

The consolidated financial statements comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and the consolidated statements of financial position, changes in equity and cash flows and the related notes. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss and derivative contracts, which have been measured at fair value.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries classify their expenses according to the nature of expense method.

The consolidated statement of cash flows shows the changes in cash and cash equivalents arising from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities during the period.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation:

The financial statements of Banco de Chile as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 have been consolidated with those of its subsidiaries. The financial statements of the bank’s subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as for Banco de Chile, using consistent accounting policies.

 

  (i) Subsidiaries

Consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 incorporate financial statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries. According IFRS 10 –“Consolidated Financial Statements”, control requires exposure or rights to variable returns and the ability to affect those returns through power over an investee. Specifically the Bank has power over the investee when it has existing rights that give it the ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee.

When the Bank has less than a majority of the voting rights of an investee, but these voting rights are enough to have the ability to direct the relevant activities unilaterally, then conclude the Bank has control. The Bank considers all factors and relevant circumstances to evaluate if its voting rights are enough to obtain control, which includes:

 

   

The amount of voting rights that the Bank has, related to the amount of voting rights of the other stakeholders.

 

   

Potential voting rights maintained by the Bank, other holders of voting rights or other parties.

 

   

Rights that emanated from other contractual arrangements.

 

   

Any additional circumstance that indicate that the Bank has or does not have the ability to manage the relevant activities when decisions need to be made, including voting behavior patterns in previous shareholders meetings.

The financial statements of the subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date control is obtained until the loss of such control. The financial statements have been prepared using uniform accounting policies for similar transactions and other events under equivalent circumstances.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation, continued:

 

  (i) Subsidiaries, Continued:

 

The following table details the entities in which the Bank, directly or indirectly – owns a controlling interest and that are therefore consolidated in these financial statements:

 

RUT

  

Subsidiaries

   Country    Functional
Currency
   Interest Owned  
            Direct      Indirect      Total  
            2014      2013      2014      2013      2014      2013  
            %      %      %      %      %      %  

44,000,213-7

  

Banchile Trade Services Limited

   Hong Kong    U.S.$      100.00         100.00         —           —           100.00         100.00   

96,767,630-6

  

Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.98         99.98         0.02         0.02         100.00         100.00   

96,543,250-7

  

Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.96         99.96         —           —           99.96         99.96   

77,191,070-K

  

Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

   Chile    Ch$      99.83         99.83         0.17         0.17         100.00         100.00   

96,571,220-8

  

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.70         99.70         0.30         0.30         100.00         100.00   

96,932,010-K

  

Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

96,645,790-2

  

Socofin S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

96,510,950-1

  

Promarket S.A.

   Chile    Ch$      99.00         99.00         1.00         1.00         100.00         100.00   

Significant intercompany transactions and balances between the Bank and its subsidiaries and among its subsidiaries have been eliminated for consolidation purposes. Any non-controlling interest is recognized as a separate item within the Bank’s consolidated equity.

 

  (ii) Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures

Associates

An associate is an entity over which the Bank has significant influence on its operating and financial management policy decisions, without having control over the associate. Significant influence is generally presumed when the Bank holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Other factors considered when determining whether the Bank has significant influence over another entity are the representation on the board of directors and the existence of material intercompany transactions. The existence of these factors could determine the existence of significant influence over an entity despite the Bank holding a participation of less than 20% of the entity’s voting rights.

According to the equity method, the Bank’s investments in an associate is initially recorded at cost, and subsequently increased (or decreased) to reflect both the Bank’s pro rata share of the post-acquisition net income (or loss) of the associate and other movements directly recognized in the associate’s equity. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of an associate is included in the carrying value of the investment (net of any accumulated impairment loss). Since goodwill is not reported separately, an associate is not tested individually for impairment. Rather, the entire investment is tested for impairment as described below.

After the application of the equity method, the Bank determines whether it is necessary to recognize an additional impairment loss on the Bank’s investment in an associate. The Bank determines at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Bank calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognizes the amount in its income statement.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation, continued:

 

  (ii) Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures, continued:

 

Joint Ventures

Joint Ventures are joint arrangements whereby the parties to the agreement that have joint control over the arrangement have rights to the net assets covered by the arrangement. Joint control exists only when decisions about the relevant activities covered by the arrangement require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control in the agreement.

According IFRS 11, an entity shall determine the type of joint arrangement: “Joint Operation” or “Joint Venture”.

For investments defined as a “Joint Operation”, the assets, liabilities, income and expenses are recognized by the participation in the joint operation.

Investments defined as a “Joint Venture” will be registered according to the equity method.

Investments that, for their characteristics, are defined as “Joint Ventures” include the following:

 

   

Artikos S.A.

 

   

Servipag Ltda.

 

  (iii) Structured entities

Special purpose entities (“SPEs”) are generally created to comply with a specific and well-defined objective, such as securitizing specific assets or carrying out a specific loan transaction. An SPE is consolidated if, based on an assessment of its relationship with the Bank and the risks and benefits over the SPE, the Bank concludes that it has control of the SPE. The Bank only deems as an unconsolidated SPE the segregated equity No.17 which is currently managed by “Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank does not control any SPEs.

 

  (iv) Asset management services investments and mutual funds

The Bank, through its subsidiary Banchile Administradora General de Fondos, manages assets through investment and mutual funds and other investment products on behalf of investors.

According to IFRS 10, for consolidation purposes, it is necessary to evaluate the role of the Bank and its subsidiaries in the funds that it manages, determining its role of Agent or Principal. When assessing whether an investor controls an investee, an investor with decision-making rights must determine whether it acts as a Principal or as an Agent for other parties. A number of factors are considered in making this assessment.

This assessment should consider the following:

 

   

Scope to make decision over the investee

 

   

Rights held by other parties

 

   

Remuneration according to compensation arrangements

 

   

Exposition, of the decision maker, to the variability of returns from other interests that keeps the investee

 

F-13


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (b) Basis of consolidation, continued:

 

  (iv) Asset management services investments and mutual funds, continued:

 

The Bank and its subsidiaries managed on behalf and for the benefit of investors, acting as an Agent only in this relationship. Under this category, and as per the aforementioned rule, these funds are not controlled by the Bank or its subsidiaries.

 

  (c) Non-controlling interest:

Non-controlling interest represents the share of losses, income and net assets that the Bank does not control, either directly or indirectly. It is presented as a separate item in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

  (d) Going Concern:

The Bank’s management has made an assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern and is satisfied that it has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, management is not aware of any material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt upon the Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, the financial statements continue to be prepared on the going concern basis.

 

  (e) Use of estimates and judgment:

Preparing financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimations and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the valuation of assets, liabilities, income and expenses presented. Real results could differ from these estimated amounts.

Relevant estimates and assumptions are reviewed regularly by senior management in order to quantify certain assets, liabilities, income, expenses and uncertainties. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimate is revised and for any future period that is affected.

Some accounting matters particularly involve uncertainties and therefore require a considerable degree of estimation and critical judgment when applying accounting policies. Details on the use of estimates and judgment and their effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are included in the following notes:

 

   

Impairment of loans (Note 10, 11 and 33)

 

   

Useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment (Notes 14 and 15)

 

   

Goodwill valuation (Note 14)

 

   

Deferred taxes and income taxes (Note 17)

 

   

Provisions (Note 24)

 

   

Employee benefits (Note 25)

 

   

Commitments and contingencies (Note 27)

 

   

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities (Note 40)

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria:

Measurement is the process of determining the monetary amounts at which the elements of the financial statements are to be recognized and carried in the Statement of Financial Position and the Comprehensive Income. This involves selecting the particular basis or method of measurement.

These bases or methods include the following:

 

  (i) Recognition

Initially, the Bank and its subsidiaries recognize loans to customers, trading and investment securities, deposits, debt issued and subordinated liabilities on the date they originated. Purchases and sales of financial assets performed on a regular basis are recognized as of the trade date on which the Bank committed to purchase or sell the asset. All other assets and liabilities (including assets and liabilities at fair value through profit and loss) are initially recognized as of the trade date on which the Bank becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets or liabilities are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to their purchase or issuance, except in the case of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value through profit or loss.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (ii) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The Bank and its subsidiaries derecognize a financial asset (or where applicable, part of a financial asset) from its Statement of Financial Position when the contractual rights to the cash flows of the financial asset have expired or when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset are transferred during a transaction in which all ownership risks and rewards of the financial asset are transferred. Any portion of transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Bank is recognized as a separate asset or liability.

When the Bank transfers a financial asset, it assesses to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. In this case:

 

  (a) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been transferred, it is derecognized and any rights or obligations created or retained upon transfer are recognized separately as assets or liabilities.

 

  (b) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been retained, the Bank continues to recognize it.

 

  (c) If substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are neither transferred nor retained, the Bank will determine if it has retained control of the financial asset. In this case:

 

  (i) If it has not retained control, the financial asset will be derecognized and any rights or obligations created or retained upon transfer will be recognized separately as assets or liabilities.

 

  (ii) If the entity has retained control, it will continue to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset.

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or canceled or expires.

If an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of the existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the income statement.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (iii) Offsetting

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Statement of Financial Position if, and only if, the Bank has the legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realize an asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Income and expenses are shown net only if accounting standards allow such treatment, or in the case of gains and losses arising from a group of similar transactions, such as the Bank’s trading activities.

 

  (iv) Valuation at amortized cost

Amortized cost is the amount at which a financial asset or liability is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization (calculated using the effective interest rate method) of any difference between that initial amount and the maturity amount and minus any reduction for impairment.

 

  (v) Fair value measurements

Fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The most objective and common fair value is the price that you would pay on an active, transparent and deep market (“quoted price” or “market price”).

When available, the Bank estimates the fair value of an instrument using quoted prices in an active market for that instrument. A market is considered active if quoted prices are readily and regularly available and represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.

If a market for a financial instrument is not active, the Bank establishes fair value using a valuation technique. These valuation techniques include the use of recent market transactions between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction, if available, as well as references to the fair value of other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flows and options pricing models.

The chosen valuation technique uses the maximum observable market data, relies as little as possible on estimates performed by the Bank, incorporates factors that market participants would consider in setting a price and is consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments. Inputs into the valuation technique reasonably represent market expectations and include risk and return factors that are inherent in the financial instrument. Periodically, the Bank calibrates the valuation techniques and tests them for validity using prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument or based on any available observable market data.

 

F-17


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (f) Financial asset and liability valuation criteria, continued:

 

  (v) Fair value measurements, continued:

 

The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is the transaction price (i.e., the fair value of the consideration given or received) unless the fair value of that instrument is evidenced by a comparison with other observable current market transactions in the same instrument (i.e., without modification or repackaging) or based on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets.

When the transaction price provides the best evidence of fair value at initial recognition, the financial instrument is initially measured at the transaction price and any difference between this price and the value initially obtained from a valuation model is subsequently recognized in income.

Fair value estimates obtained from models are adjusted for any other factors, such as model uncertainties; to the extent that the Bank believes that a third-party market participant would take them into account in pricing a transaction.

The Bank’s fair value disclosures are included in Note 40.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (g) Loans and advances to banks:

Loans and advances to customers include non–derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments, such as domestic banks and foreign banks including the Chilean Central Bank.

After initial measurement, amounts of Loans and advances to customers are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR (effective interest rate), less allowances for impairment. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees and costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The amortization is included in Interest Revenue in the income statement. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the income statement in Interest Expense.

 

  (h) Loans to customers:

 

  (i) Loan classification

Loans to customers include originated and purchased non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market and which the Bank does not intend to sell immediately or in the short-term.

Individual classified loans

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank that they must be analyzed in detail.

For purposes of establishing the appropriate allowances, the Bank classifies the debtors and their operations related to loans into one of three categories of loan portfolio: Normal, Substandard and Non-complying Loans.

 

  (i.1) Normal Loans:

Normal loans correspond to borrowers who are up to date on their payment obligations and show no sign of deterioration in their credit quality.

 

  (i.2) Substandard Loans:

Substandard loans include all borrowers with insufficient payment capacity or significant deterioration of payment capacity that it may be reasonably expected that they will not comply with all principal and interest payments obligations set forth in the credit agreement.

This category also includes all loans that have been non-performing for more than 30 days.

 

  (i.3) Non-complying Loans:

The non-complying loans correspond to borrowers whose payment capacity is seriously at risk and who have a high likelihood of filing for bankruptcy or are renegotiating credit terms to avoid bankruptcy. This category comprises all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more.

 

F-19


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

Group classified loans

The group analysis is used to analyze a large number of loans whose individual amounts are not significant. For this analysis, the Bank uses models based on attributes of the debtors and their loans, and on the behavior of a group of loans.

Loans to customers include originated and purchased non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market and which the Bank does not intend to sell immediately or in the short-term.

 

  (ii) Valuation method

Loans are initially measured at cost plus incremental transaction costs, and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, except that when the Bank has defined certain loans as hedged items, which are measured at fair value, changes are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

 

  (iii) Lease contracts

Accounts receivable relating to leasing contracts, included under the caption “Loans to customers”, correspond to periodic rent installments of contracts which meet the definition to be classified as financial leases and are presented at their nominal value net of unearned interest as of each year-end.

 

  (iv) Factoring transactions

This corresponds to invoices and other commercial instruments representative of credit, with or without recourse, received in factoring operations and which are registered to book value plus interest and adjustments until maturity.

In those cases where the transfer of these instruments was made without responsibility of the grantor, the Bank assumes the default risk.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of loans

At each year ended date, Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries assess whether there is objective evidence that a loan asset or a group of loans is impaired. A loan asset or a group of loans is considered impaired and impairment losses are incurred if:

 

  (a) there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and up to the balance sheet date (“a loss event”);

 

  (b) the loss event had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets and;

 

  (c) a reliable estimate of the loss amount can be made.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries first assess whether objective evidence of impairment exists for loans that are individually significant. It then assesses collectively for loans that are not individually significant and loans which are significant but for which no objective evidence of impairment was observed as a result of the individual assessment.

 

  (i) Allowances for individual evaluations:

An individual analysis of debtors is applied to individuals and companies that are of such significance with respect to size, complexity or level of exposure to the Bank, that they must be analyzed in detail. All corporate customers are evaluated individually and for commercial customers the cut-off amount for the individual evaluation is MCh$456,815.

To allow management to determine whether a loss event has occurred on an individual basis, all significant counterparty relationships are reviewed periodically. This evaluation considers current information and events related to the counterparty, such as whether the counterparty is experiencing significant financial difficulty or in breach of contract as, for example, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments.

The individual evaluation requires assigning a risk category to each debtor and its respective loans. This risk category should consider the following factors: industry or sector, group considerations and management, financial situation, payment behavior and payment capacity.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of Loans, continued:

 

  (i) Allowances for individual evaluations, continued:

 

If there is evidence of impairment leading to an impairment loss for an individual counterparty relationship, then the amount of the loss is determined as the difference between the carrying amount of the loan(s), including accrued interest, and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate or the effective interest rate established upon reclassification to loans, including cash flows that may result from foreclosure less costs for obtaining and selling the collateral. The carrying amount of the loans is reduced by the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses.

 

  (ii) Allowances for group evaluations:

The collective assessment of impairment is principally to establish an allowance amount relating to loans that are either individually significant but for which there is no objective evidence of impairment, or are not individually significant but for which there is, on a portfolio basis, a loss amount that is probable of having occurred and is reasonably estimable. The loss amount has two components.

The first component is an allowance amount representing the incurred losses on the portfolio of smaller balance homogeneous loans, which are loans to individuals and small business customers of the private and retail business. The loans are grouped according to similar credit risk characteristics and the allowance for each group is determined using statistical models based on historical experience. The second component represents an estimate of incurred losses inherent in the group of loans that have not yet been individually identified or measured as part of the smaller-balance homogeneous loans. Loans that were found not to be impaired when evaluated on an individual basis are included in the scope of this component of the allowance.

Once a loan is identified as impaired, although the accrual of interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan is discontinued, the accretion of the net present value of the written down amount of the loan due to the passage of time is recognized as interest income based on the original effective interest rate of the loan.

At each balance sheet date, all impaired loans are reviewed for changes to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a change to the allowance account and recorded in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit losses.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (h) Loans to customers, continued:

 

  (v) Impairment of Loans, continued:

 

Loans are written-off when collection efforts have been exhausted, but not later than the following maximum periods:

 

Type of Loan    Term
Consumer loans – secured and unsecured    6 months
Other transactions – unsecured    24 months
Commercial loans – secured    36 months
Residential mortgage loans    48 months
Consumer leases    6 months
Other non-real estate lease transactions    12 months
Real estate leases (commercial or residential)    36 months

The term represents the time elapsed since the date on which payment of all or part of the obligation in default became due.

Cash recoveries on written-off loans are recorded directly in income, through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

If in a subsequent period the amount of a previously recognized impairment loss decreases and the decrease is due to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the impairment loss is reversed by reducing the allowance account accordingly. Such reversal is recognized in profit or loss.

 

  (vi) Renegotiated loans:

The bank attempts to restructure loans rather than to take possession of collateral. This may involve extending the payment arrangements and the agreement of new loan conditions. After having renegotiated the terms, any impairment is measured using the original effective interest rate as calculated before the modification of terms and the loan is no longer considered past due. Renegotiated loans are continuously reviewed by management to ensure that all criteria are met and that future payments are likely to occur. The loans continue to be subject to an individual or collective impairment assessment, calculated using the loan’s original effective interest rate.

 

  (vii) Collateral valuation:

The bank seeks to use collateral, where possible, to mitigate its risks on financial assets. The collateral comes in various forms such as mortgages, pledges, securities, other non-financial assets and credit enhancements. The fair value of collateral is generally assessed, at a minimum, at inception through a certified appraiser. Later, a model updates the collateral value considering factors such as location, collateral type, and observable market value, among others. However, some types of collateral, such as securities, are valued daily. To the extent possible, the bank uses active market data for valuing financial assets held as collateral. (See Note 42 for further analysis of collateral).

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (i) Financial guarantees:

In its ordinary course of business the Bank gives financial guarantees consisting of letters of credit, guarantees and acceptances. Financial guarantees are initially recognized in the financial statements at fair value being the premium received. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Bank’s liability is measured at the higher of the amount originally recognized less, when appropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in the income statement and the best estimate of expenditure required settling the financial obligation arising as the result of the guarantee. The premium received is recognized in the income statement in “Income from Fees and Commissions” on a straight line basis over the guarantee period.

With respect to the provision for financial guarantees, the process to determine the provision is similar to the methodology used for loans. Any loss amounts are recognized as an allowance in the consolidated balance sheet within other liabilities and charged to the consolidated statement of income as a component of the provision for credit losses. For a further description of the allowances for loan losses, see Note 2 (h) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

  (j) Finance and operating leases:

The determination of whether an arrangement is a lease, or it contains a lease, is based on the substance of the arrangement and requires an assessment of whether the fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

The Bank acting as lessor

Assets leased to customers under agreements which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, with or without ultimate legal title, are classified as finance leases. When assets held are subject to a finance lease, the leased assets are derecognized and a receivable is recognized which is equal to the present value of the minimum lease payments, discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging a finance lease are incorporated into the receivable through the discount rate applied to the lease. Finance lease income is recognized over the lease term based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the finance lease.

Assets leased to customers under agreements which do not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as operating leases. The leased assets are included within premises and equipment on the Group’s balance sheet and depreciation is provided on the depreciable amount of these assets on a systematic basis over their estimated useful economic lives. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (j) Finance and operating leases, continued:

The Bank acting as lessee

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized on the balance sheet at an amount equal to the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. The discount rate used in calculating the present value of the minimum lease payments is either the interest rate implicit in the lease, if it is practicable to determine, or the incremental borrowing rate. Contingent rentals are recognized as expense in the periods in which they are incurred. As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries have not signed contracts of this nature.

Operating lease rentals payable are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which commences when the lessee controls the physical use of the property. Lease incentives are treated as a reduction of rental expense and are also recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

 

  (k) Interest revenue and expense:

Interest revenue and expenses are recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate is the rate which exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. To calculate the effective interest rate, the Bank determines cash flows by taking into account all contractual conditions of the financial instrument, excluding future credit losses.

The effective interest rate calculation includes all fees and other amounts paid or received that form part of the effective interest rate. Transaction costs include incremental costs that are directly attributable to the purchase or issuance of a financial asset or liability.

 

  (l) Fees and commissions:

Income and expenses from fees and commissions are recognized in income using different criteria based on the nature of the income or expense. The most significant criteria include:

 

  (i) Fees earned from an individual act are recognized once the act has taken place.

 

  (ii) Fees earned from transactions or services provided over a longer period of time are recognized over the life of the transactions or services. These fees include commissions and asset management, custody or other management and advisory fees.

Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down and other credit related fees are deferred (together with incremental costs) and recognized as an adjustment to the effective interest rate of the loan. When it is unlikely that a loan is drawn down the fees are recognized over the commitment period on a straight-line basis.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (m) Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and short-term deposits in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with original maturity of three months or less, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash, and that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

The Bank has included as cash and cash equivalents to the account “Cash and due from banks”, plus (minus) the net balance of transactions in the course of collection that are shown in the Consolidated Statement Financial Position, plus short-term repurchase agreements. It also includes investments in fixed-income mutual funds that are presented in “Other Assets” in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

  (n) Property and equipment:

Property and equipment is stated at cost excluding servicing cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. Changes in the expected useful life are accounted for by changing the depreciation period or method, as appropriate, and treated as changes in accounting estimates.

This cost includes expenses that have been directly attributed to the asset’s acquisition.

Depreciation is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property and equipment.

Estimated useful lives for 2013 and 2014 are as follows:

 

Buildings    50 years
Installations (in general)    10 years
Equipment     5 years
Office furniture     5 years

Property and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in “Impairments” in the income statement in the year the asset is derecognized.

 

  (o) Intangible assets:

Intangible assets are identified as non-monetary assets (separated from other assets) without physical substance that arise as the result of a legal transaction or that are developed internally by the consolidated entities. They are assets whose cost can be reliably estimated and for which the consolidated entities consider that it is probable that future economic benefits will be recognized.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (o) Intangible assets, continued:

 

  (i) Goodwill

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and associates representing the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration over the net fair value of the Bank’s share of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed on the date of the acquisition.

For the purpose of calculating goodwill, fair values of acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are determined by reference to market values or by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. This discounting is either performed using market rates or by using risk-free rates and risk-adjusted expected future cash flows.

Goodwill originating from the acquisition of subsidiaries is capitalized and reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if there are indications that impairment may have occurred. Impairment is determined by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows from each cash generating unit with the carrying value of its net assets, including attributable goodwill. Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing considering the business level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

 

  (ii) Software and computer programs

Computer software purchased by the Bank and its subsidiaries is accounted for at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses.

The subsequent expense in software assets is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefit for the specific asset. All other expenses are capitalized as an expense as incurred.

Amortization is recorded in income using the straight-line amortization method based on the estimated useful life of the software, from the date on which it is available for use. The estimated useful life of software is a maximum of 6 years.

Expense for internally developed software is recorded in income for each year.

 

  (iii) Other identifiable intangible assets

This item applies to identifiable intangible assets for which the cost can be reliably measured and which are likely to generate future economic benefits for the Bank. The estimated useful life of other intangible assets is a maximum of 7 years.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (p) Collateral repossessed (assets received in lieu of payment):

Assets received in lieu of payment are classified under “Other Assets” and they are recorded at the lower of carrying amount and fair value, less cost to sell. Assets that are determined better to be sold are immediately transferred to assets held for sale at their fair value at the repossession date in line with the Bank’s policy.

 

  (q) Investment Properties:

Investment properties are real estate assets held to earn rental income or for capital appreciation or both, but are not held-for-sale in the ordinary course of business or used for administrative purposes. Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairments using the same accounting policies as property and equipment.

 

  (r) Deferred taxes and income taxes:

The income tax provision of the Bank and its subsidiaries has been determined in conformity with current legal provisions.

The Bank and its subsidiaries recognize, when appropriate, deferred tax assets and liabilities for future estimates of tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the book and tax values of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rate expected to be applied, in accordance with current tax law, in the year that deferred tax assets are realized or liabilities are settled. The effects of future changes in tax legislation or tax rates are recognized in deferred taxes starting on the date of publication of the law approving such changes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded at their book value as of the date the deferred taxes are measured. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is likely that future tax profits will be sufficient to recover deductions for temporary differences.

 

  (s) Presentation and functional currency:

The items included in the financial statements of each of the entities of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are valued using the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates (functional currency). The functional currency of Banco de Chile is the Chilean peso, which is also the currency used to present the entity’s consolidated financial statements.

 

  (t) Transactions in foreign currency:

Transactions and balances

Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are considered to be in foreign currency and are initially recorded at the exchange rate of the functional currency on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted using the exchange rate of the functional currency as of the date of the Statement of Financial Position. All differences are recorded as a charge or credit to income.

Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are shown at their equivalent value in Chilean pesos, calculated using the following exchange rates as of December 31, 2013 and 2014: Ch$525.72 and Ch$606.09 to U.S.$1, Ch$5.00 and Ch$5.08 per JPY1, Ch$726.12 and Ch$737.43 per EUR1.

The gain of MCh$70,225 (gain of MCh$71,457 in 2013) for net foreign exchange income shown in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income includes recognition of the effects of exchange rates variations on assets and liabilities in foreign currency or indexed to exchange rates, and the result of foreign exchange transactions conducted by the Bank and its subsidiaries.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (u) Derivative instruments:

Derivative instruments, which include foreign currency and U.F. forwards, interest rate forwards, currency and interest rate swaps, currency and interest rate options and other financial derivative instruments, are recorded in the Statement of Financial Position at fair value regardless of whether they are held-for-trading or for non-trading purposes.

The fair value is obtained from market quotes, discounted cash flows models and options valuation models, as and where applicable. Derivative contracts are reported as an asset when their fair value is positive and as a liability when negative under the item “Derivative Instruments”.

Certain embedded derivatives in other financial instruments are treated as separate derivatives when their risk and characteristics are not closely related to those of the main contract and if the contract in its entirety is not recorded at its fair value with its unrealized gains and losses included in income.

At inception, a derivative contract must be designated by the Bank as a derivative instrument for trading or hedging purposes.

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts held for trading purposes are recorded in “Net financial operating income”, in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

If a derivative instrument is classified as a hedging instrument, it can be:

 

  (1) A hedge of the fair value of existing assets or liabilities or firm commitments, or

 

  (2) A hedge of cash flows related to existing assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions.

A hedge relationship for hedge accounting purposes must comply with all of the following conditions:

 

  (a) at its inception, the hedge relationship has been formally documented;

 

  (b) it is expected that the hedge will be highly effective;

 

  (c) the effectiveness of the hedge can be measured in a reasonable manner; and

 

  (d) the hedge is highly effective with respect to the hedged risk on an ongoing basis and throughout the entire hedge relationship.

Certain derivatives transactions that do not qualify for hedge accounting are treated and reported as derivatives for trading purposes even though they provide an effective hedge on the risk of net positions.

 

F-29


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (u) Derivative instruments, continued:

 

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts that qualify for Hedge Accounting are recorded, as follows:

 

   

If derivative contracts qualify for hedge accounting of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments (Fair Value Hedge), changes in the fair value of both the hedged asset (or liability) and the hedging derivative are recognized in the income statement under “Interest revenue and expenses” and/or “Foreign Exchange Transactions, Net”, depending on the risk being hedged. On the other hand, any ineffective portion of the Fair Value Hedge is recognized in the income statement under “Net Financial Operating Income.”

 

   

If derivative contracts qualify for hedge accounting of the variability of future cash flows from highly probable future transactions and/or floating rate assets or liabilities (Cash Flow Hedge), the changes in fair value are recorded in Equity under “Other Comprehensive Income”, to the extent that the hedge is effective. Changes in the fair value of the Cash Flow Hedge are subsequently reclassified to the income statement when and where the hedged item affects the Bank’s results (e.g. to Interest Revenues and Expenses and/or Foreign Exchange Transactions when the hedged instrument affects the income statement because of interest rate risk, or exchange rate risk, respectively). On the other hand, any ineffective portion of the Cash Flow Hedge is recognized in the comprehensive statement of income under the “Net Financial Operating Income” line item.

Finally, if the hedging instrument does not continue qualifying for hedge accounting and/or it is terminated, sold, suspended or executed, the hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. In this case, gains/losses already accrued will remain in Equity until the expected transactions occur. In that moment, gains/losses will be recorded in the Income Statement (under “Interest Revenues or Expenses” and/or “Foreign Exchange Transactions” depending on the risk being hedged) as long as transactions occur. Otherwise, if transactions are expected to fail, the changes in fair value are immediately recognized in the Income Statement (under “Interest Revenues or Expenses” and/or “Foreign Exchange Transactions” depending on the risk that was used to be hedged).”

 

  (v) Financial assets held-for-trading:

Financial assets held-for-trading are securities acquired in order to generate profits from short-term price fluctuations or as a result of brokerage activities, or which are part of a portfolio on which a short-term profit-generating pattern exists. This item includes mainly Central Bank bonds and deposits from domestic banks.

Financial assets held-for-trading are stated at their fair market value as of the Statement of Financial Position date. Gains or losses from their fair market value adjustments, as well as gains or losses from trading activities, are included in “Net financial operating income” in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Dividends, interest and indexations are reported as “Net financial operating income”.

All purchases and sales of financial assets held-for-trading that must be executed within the period established by market regulations or conventions are recorded using the trade date, which is the date on which the purchase or sale of the asset is committed. Any other purchase or sale is treated as a derivative (forward) until settlement occurs.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (w) Financial assets held to maturity and available-for-sale:

Financial assets held-to-maturity includes only those securities for which the Bank has the ability and intention of keeping until maturity. The remaining investments are considered as financial assets available-for-sale. The Bank reassesses on an ongoing basis the ability and intention to sell available-for-sale instruments.

A financial asset classified as available-for-sale is initially recognized at its fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Financial assets available-for-sale are subsequently measured at their fair value based on market prices or valuation models. Unrealized gains or losses as result of fair value adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income within equity. When these investments are sold, the cumulative fair value adjustments existing within equity will be recorded directly in income under “Net financial operating income”.

Financial assets held-to-maturity are recorded at their cost plus accrued interest and indexations, less impairment provisions made when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated recoverable amount.

Interest and indexations of financial assets held to maturity and available-for-sale are included in the line item “Interest revenue”. The dividends earned while holding available–for–sale financial investments are recognized in the income statement as “Interest revenue” once the right to receive the payment has been established.

Investment securities, which are subject to hedge accounting, are adjusted according to the rules for hedge accounting.

Purchases and sales of investment securities that must be delivered within a period established by market regulations or conventions are recorded using the trade date that is the date on which the purchase or sale of the asset is committed. Any other purchase or sale is treated as a derivative (forward) until liquidation occurs.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank does not hold held to maturity instruments.

 

F-31


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (x) Debt issued and other financial liabilities:

Financial instruments issued by the Bank, which are not designated at fair value through profit and loss, are classified under “Debt issued”, where the substance of the contractual arrangement results in the Bank having an obligation either to deliver cash or another financial asset to the holder, or to satisfy the obligation other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of equity shares.

After initial measurement, debt issued is subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on the issue and costs that are an integral part of the effective interest rate.

The Bank applies the same accounting policies for its other financial liabilities.

 

  (y) Securities lending and borrowed:

The Bank engages in transactions involving repurchase agreements as a form of investment. The securities purchased under these agreements are not recognized on the Bank’s Statement of Financial Position. The consideration paid is recognized under “Receivables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending” reflecting the transaction’s economic substance as a loan granted by the Bank. The difference between the purchase and the resale price is recorded in “Net Interest Income” and is accrued over the duration of the agreement using its effective interest rate. This treatment reflects the economic substance as a loan to the Bank.

The Bank also enters into security repurchase agreements as a form of financing. The securities sold under agreement to repurchase at a specific date in the future are not derecognized from the Statement of Financial Position because the Bank retains all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the securities. The corresponding cash received is recognized in the balance sheet as an asset, and the corresponding obligation to return the cash, including any accrued interest, is recognized as a liability under “Payables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending”. The difference between the sale and the repurchase price is treated as “Interest Expense” and is accrued over the duration of the agreement using the effective interest rate.

The treatment of security lending and borrowing transactions follows the principles laid out above. Securities borrowed are not recorded in the Statement of Financial Position and, securities loaned are not derecognized from the Statement of Financial Position.

 

F-32


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (z) Customer loyalty programs:

The Bank maintains a loyalty program as an incentive for its customers. The scheme grants its customers certain points depending on the value of credit card purchases they make. The collected points can be used to obtain services from a third party. In accordance with IFRIC 13 the costs which the Bank incurs providing this incentive plan are recognized at fair value when the corresponding revenue is recognized, considering the probabilities of being used by the customers to obtain the third party’s service. The points collected under the loyalty program cannot be used to obtain services directly from the Bank.

 

  (aa) Provisions and contingent liabilities:

Provisions are liabilities that are characterized by uncertainty in either their amount or maturity. Provisions are recorded in the Statement of Financial Position when the following requirements are jointly met:

 

  (i) a present obligation has arisen from a past event and,

 

  (ii) as of the date of the financial statements it is likely that the Bank or its subsidiaries have to disburse resources to settle the obligation and,

 

  (iii) the amount can be reliably measured.

A contingent asset or liability is any right or obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by one or more uncertain future events which are not within the control of the Bank. Contingent assets and liabilities are not recognized in the Statement of Financial Position.

 

F-33


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ab) Provision for minimum dividends:

The Bank records within liabilities the portion of net income for the year that should be distributed to comply with the Corporations Law. For these purposes, the Bank establishes a provision in a complementary equity account within retained earnings.

 

  (ac) Employee benefits:

 

  (i) Staff vacations

The annual costs of vacations and staff benefits are recognized on an accrual basis.

 

  (ii) Short-term benefits

The Bank has a yearly bonus plan for its employees based on their ability to meet objectives and their individual contribution to the Bank’s results, consisting of a given number or portion of monthly salaries. It is provisioned for based on the estimated amount to be distributed.

 

  (iii) Staff severance indemnities

Banco de Chile has recorded a liability for long-term severance indemnities in accordance with employment contracts it has with certain employees. The liability, which results from payments to specified employees that are retiring with more than 30 years of service, is recorded at the present value of the accrued benefits. It is calculated by applying an equivalent discount rate to the accrued benefits. These benefits accrue over the estimated average remaining service period.

Obligations for this defined benefit plan are valued according to the projected unit credit actuarial valuation method, using inputs such as staff turnover rates, expected growth in wages and the probability that this benefit will be used, discounted at current long-term rates (5.19% as of December 31, 2013 and 4.38% as of December 31, 2014). The discount rate used corresponds to the return on bonds of the Central Bank with a maturity period of 10 years.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognized as other comprehensive income at the end of each reporting period. There is no past service costs that would have to be recognized by the Bank.

 

F-34


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ad) Equity reserves:

The equity reserves recorded in the Bank’s Statement of Financial Position include:

Reserves from Earnings:

This item includes all the reserves that were originated from earnings and that by legal or statutory dispositions, or agreements of the shareholders’ meeting, will not be distributed in the form of future dividends.

Other reserves:

This item includes all the reserves that do not come from earnings and that do not correspond to those indicated in previous items.

Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale instruments:

This item comprises changes in the fair value of these instruments.

Cumulative translation adjustment:

This item is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations.

 

  (ae) Earnings per share:

Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net income for the year attributable to the Bank by the average weighted number of shares in circulation during that year.

Diluted earnings per share is determined in a similar manner as basic earnings per share, but the average weighted number of shares in circulation is adjusted to account for the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and convertible debt. As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank does not have any instruments or contracts that could cause dilutions. Therefore, no adjustments have been made.

 

  (af) Segment reporting:

The Bank’s operating segments are defined based on its different business units, considering the following factors:

 

  (i) That it develops business activities from which income is obtained and expenses are incurred (including income and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity);

 

  (vi) That its operating results are reviewed regularly by the entity’s highest decision-making authority for operating decisions, to determine resource allocation for the segment and evaluate its performance; and

 

  (vii) That separate financial information is available.

 

F-35


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ag) Identifying and measuring impairment:

Financial assets (other than loans)

Financial assets are reviewed throughout each year, and especially at each reporting date, to determine whether there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and to determine whether the loss event had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset that can be reliably calculated.

An impairment loss for financial assets (different to loans to customers) recorded at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted using the effective interest rate original.

An impairment loss for available-for-sale financial assets is calculated using its fair value, considering fair value changes already recognized in other comprehensive income.

In the case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale financial assets, objective evidence includes a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below cost. In the case of debt securities classified as available-for-sale financial assets, the Bank assesses whether there exists objective evidence for impairment based on the same criteria as for loans.

 

F-36


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ag) Identifying and measuring impairment, continued:

 

Financial assets (other than loans), continued:

 

If there is evidence of impairment, any amount previously recognized in equity, under net gains (losses) not recognized in the income statement, is removed from equity and recognized in the income statement for the period, under net gains (losses) on financial assets available for sale. This amount is determined as the difference between the acquisition cost (net of any principal repayments and amortization) and current fair value of the asset less any impairment loss on that investment previously recognized in the income statement.

When the fair value of the available-for-sale debt security recovers to at least amortized cost it is no longer considered impaired and subsequent changes in fair value are reported in equity.

Individually significant financial assets are individually examined to determine impairment. Remaining financial assets are collectively evaluated in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Both criteria are similar as those described in Note 2(h) Loans to customers to determine impairment individually and group.

All impairment losses are recognized in the income statement. Any cumulative loss related to available-for-sale financial assets recognized previously in equity is transferred to the income statement.

An impairment loss is reversed if, in a subsequent period, the fair value of the debt instrument classified as available for sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in profit or loss. The amount of the reversal is recognized in profit or loss up to the amount previously recognized as impairment. Impairment losses recognized in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available for sale are not reversed through profit or loss.

 

F-37


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Principles, continued:

 

  (ag) Identifying and measuring impairment, continued:

 

Non-financial assets

The Bank assesses at each reporting date and on an ongoing basis whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or if annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Bank estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (“CGU”) fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs to sell, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, share prices and other available fair value indicators.

For assets, excluding goodwill, impairment losses recognized in prior years are assessed at each reporting date in case there are any indications that the loss has decreased or disappeared. A previously recognized impairment is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment was recognized. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the book value of the asset does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. Such reversal is recognized in the income statement.

Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

 

  (ah) Fiduciary activities:

The Bank provides trust and other fiduciary services that result in the holding or investing of assets on behalf of the clients. Assets held in a fiduciary capacity are not reported in the financial statements, as they are not the assets of the Bank.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

3. New and amended standards and interpretations:

The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year. Amendments that resulted from improvements to IFRSs to the following standards did not have any impact on the accounting policies, financial position or performance of the Bank:

 

   

IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – Amendment clarifies certain aspects because of the variation in the application of the requirements on offsetting

 

   

IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27 – Investment Entities – Amendments to provide ‘investment entities’ an exemption from the consolidation of particular subsidiaries

 

   

IAS 36 Impairment of Assets – Recoverable Amount Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets – Amendment to reduce the circumstances in which the recoverable amount of assets or cash-generating units is required to be disclosed.

 

   

IAS 19 Defined Benefit Plans: Employee Contributions – Amendment to clarify the requirements that relate to how contributions from employees or third parties that are linked to service should be attributed to periods of service.

 

   

IAS 39 Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting – Amendment to make it clear that there is no need to discontinue hedge accounting if a hedging derivative is novated, provided certain criteria are met.

 

F-39


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

4. Changes in Accounting policies and Disclosures:

During the period ended December 31, 2014, there have been no accounting changes that may significantly affect these consolidated financial statements

 

F-40


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting:

For management purposes, the Bank has organized its operations and commercial strategies into four business segments, which are defined in accordance with the type of products and services offered to target customers. These business segments are currently defined as follows:

 

Retail:

   This segment focuses on individuals and small and medium-sized companies with annual sales up to UF 70,000, where the product offering focuses primarily on consumer loans, commercial loans, checking accounts, credit cards, credit lines and mortgage loans.

Wholesale:

   This segment focused on corporate clients and large companies, whose annual revenue exceed UF 70,000, where the product offering focuses primarily on commercial loans, checking accounts and liquidity management services, debt instruments, foreign trade, derivative contracts and leases.

Treasury and money market operations:

   This segment includes revenue associated with managing the Bank’s balance sheet (currencies, maturities and interest rates) and liquidity, including financial instrument and currency trading on behalf of the Bank itself.
   Transactions on behalf of customers carried out by the Treasury are reflected in the respective aforementioned segments. These products are highly transaction-focused and include foreign exchange transactions, derivatives and financial instruments in general.

Subsidiaries:

   Corresponds to companies and corporations controlled by the Bank, where income is obtained individually by the respective subsidiary. The companies that comprise this segment are:
  

•  Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.

 

•  Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A.

 

•  Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

 

•  Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

 

•  Banchile Securitizadora S.A.

 

•  Banchile Trade Services Limited

 

•  Socofin S.A.

 

•  Promarket S.A.

 

F-41


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

The financial information used to measure the performance of the Bank’s business segments is not necessarily comparable with similar information from other financial institutions because it is based on internal reporting policies. The accounting policies used to prepare the Bank’s operating segment information are similar to those described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Principles”, except as noted below:

 

   

The net interest margin of loans and deposits is measured on an individual transaction and individual client basis, stemming from the difference between the effective customer rate and the related Bank’s fund transfer price in terms of maturity, re-pricing and currency.

 

   

The results associated with gap management (interest rate and currency mismatches) are allocated to the business segments by considering the amount of loans and demand deposits managed by each segment.

 

   

For purposes of allocating the effect of funding through capital and reserves, the internal performance profitability system considers capital allocation in each segment in accordance with Basel Guidelines.

 

   

In addition to direct costs (consisting mainly of labor and administrative expenses), the Bank allocates all of its indirect operating costs to each business segment by utilizing different cost drivers to allocate such costs to the specific segment.

 

   

The Bank applies local banking regulator accounting principles when measuring and recording its allowance for loan losses, assets received in lieu of payments, minimum dividend allowances and some other minor items for internal reporting purposes. These accounting policies differ in some significant aspects from IFRS.

The Bank obtains the majority of its income from interest, indexation and fees, less the associated credit costs and expenses. Management primarily bases its evaluation of segment performance and decision-making regarding goals and the allocation of resources for each unit on these concepts. Even though the results of the segments reconcile with those of the Bank at the consolidated level, differences may exist in each segment’s results due to the different measurement concepts indicated above.

The Bank did not enter into transactions with any particular customer or third party that collectively generated more than 10% of the Bank’s total income in 2013 and 2014.

The Bank carries out its business operations in Chile.

Transfer pricing between operating segments is conducted on an arm’s length basis in a manner similar to transactions with unaffiliated third parties.

Taxes are managed at the consolidated level and are not allocated to business segments.

 

F-42


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
    Note   Total MCh$  

Net interest income

    671,971        263,108        18,356        (12,296     941,139        22,998          964,137   

Net fees and commissions income

    153,358        42,229        (367     103,472        298,692        (11,420       287,272   

Other operating income

    16,759        33,069        14,746        31,522        96,096        (23,874       72,222   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    842,088        338,406        32,735        122,698        1,335,927        (12,296   (1)     1,323,631   

Provisions for loan losses

    (180,559     (7,622     (22     13        (188,190     21,770      (2)     (166,420

Depreciation and amortization

    (20,903     (7,300     (1,204     (1,550     (30,957     (4,189   (3)     (35,146

Other operating expenses

    (390,055     (109,105     (8,672     (86,718     (594,550     16,762      (4)     (577,788

Income attributable to associates

    (288     (228     (18     305        (229     (239       (468
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    250,283        214,151        22,819        34,748        522,001        21,808          543,809   

Income taxes

            (54,390     (9,538       (63,928
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            467,611        12,270          479,881   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    9,852,430        9,614,329        3,746,908        635,225        23,848,892        (706,493       23,142,399   

Current and deferred taxes

            99,506        (43,705       55,801   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            23,948,398        (750,198   (6)     23,198,200   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    7,706,834        9,225,881        4,495,605        489,830        21,918,150        (1,098,601       20,819,549   

Current and deferred taxes

            23,189        —            23,189   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            21,941,339        (1,098,601   (7)     20,842,738   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-43


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$(13,873). The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$1,577, which mainly stems from the reclassification of interest on repurchase agreements and suspended interest recognition.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$21,770, which mainly stems from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(4,189), which stems from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$13,873. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$2,889, which represents reversal of write-offs of assets received in lieu of payments.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(9,538), which stems from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(717,653). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$(32,545), which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(717,653). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(380,948), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-44


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2013  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
    Note   Total
MCh$
 

Net interest income

    737,476        303,128        23,269        (12,143     1,051,730        9,841          1,061,571   

Net fees and commissions income

    150,195        42,615        (1,355     106,280        297,735        (10,642       287,093   

Other operating income

    35,551        57,320        (5,607     32,439        119,703        10,310          130,013   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    923,222        403,063        16,307        126,576        1,469,168        9,509      (1)     1,478,677   

Provisions for loan losses

    (203,586     (38,031     47        (43     (241,613     19,960      (2)     (221,653

Depreciation and amortization

    (20,068     (5,912     (1,182     (1,747     (28,909     1,232      (3)     (27,677

Other operating expenses

    (397,456     (112,528     (5,171     (92,023     (607,178     15,325      (4)     (591,853

Income attributable to associates

    1,123        814        95        39        2,071        (291       1,780   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    303,235        247,406        10,096        32,802        593,539        45,735          639,274   

Income taxes

            (79,936     (9,149   (5)     (89,085
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            513,603        36,586          550,189   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    10,635,940        10,385,698        4,319,777        634,466        25,975,881        (158,594       25,817,287   

Current and deferred taxes

            109,335        (52,914       56,421   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            26,085,216        (211,508   (6)     25,873,708   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    8,299,048        9,633,395        5,378,699        482,627        23,793,769        (606,231       23,187,538   

Current and deferred taxes

            7,131        —            7,131   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            23,800,900        (606,231   (7)     23,194,669   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-45


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$(13,143). The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$22,652, which mainly stems from the reclassification of interest on repurchase agreements and suspended interest recognition.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$19,960, which mainly stems from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$1,232, which stems from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$13,143. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$2,182, which represents reversal of write-offs of assets received in lieu of payments.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(9,149), which stems from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(191,117). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$(20,391), which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(191,117). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(415,114), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-46


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2014  
    Retail
MCh$
    Wholesale
MCh$
    Treasury
MCh$
    Subsidiaries
MCh$
    Subtotal
MCh$
    Reclassifications
and adjustments
to conform IFRS
MCh$
    Note   Total
MCh$
 

Net interest income

    836,917        379,456        35,005        (8,834     1,242,544        14,272          1,256,816   

Net fees and commissions income

    134,635        40,316        (1,825     114,246        287,372        (15,184       272,188   

Other operating income

    30,581        60,279        13,871        29,552        134,283        (1,643       132,640   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total operating revenue

    1,002,133        480,051        47,051        134,964        1,664,199        (2,555   (1)     1,661,644   

Provisions for loan losses

    (232,802     (51,348     —          157        (283,993     22,427      (2)     (261,566

Depreciation and amortization

    (22,497     (5,324     (296     (2,384     (30,501     (2,286   (3)     (32,787

Other operating expenses

    (464,323     (134,211     (4,364     (99,060     (701,958     7,385      (4)     (694,573

Income attributable to associates

    1,868        584        50        359        2,861        (375       2,486   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    284,379        289,752        42,441        34,036        650,608        24,596          675,204   

Income taxes

            (59,527     (20,158   (5)     (79,685
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Income after income taxes

            591,081        4,438          595,519   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Assets

    11,789,339        10,307,291        4,981,302        538,445        27,616,377        (128,941       27,487,436   

Current and deferred taxes

            167,840        (73,600       94,240   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

            27,784,217        (202,541   (6)     27,581,676   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Liabilities

    8,419,469        9,664,423        6,754,592        391,547        25,230,031        (578,360       24,651,671   

Current and deferred taxes

            19,030        —            19,030   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

            25,249,061        (578,360   (7)     24,670,701   
         

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

F-47


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

5. Segment Reporting, continued:

 

Reclassifications and adjustments to conform IFRS

 

  (1) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the total operating revenue is MCh$(17,797). The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$15,242, which mainly stems from the reclassification of interest on repurchase agreements and suspended interest recognition.

 

  (2) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$22,427, which mainly stems from differing allowances for loan losses.

 

  (3) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(2,286), which stems from the amortization of intangibles and depreciation of property and equipment from Citibank Chile.

 

  (4) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform other operating expenses is MCh$17,797. The total effect of IFRS adjustments is MCh$(10,412), which represents reversal of write-offs of assets received in lieu of payments.

 

  (5) The total effect relates to IFRS adjustments of MCh$(20,158), which stems from deferred taxes.

 

  (6) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in assets is MCh$(176,886). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in assets is MCh$(25,655), which mainly stems from deviating allowances for loan losses, the acquisition of Citibank Chile and deferred taxes effects.

 

  (7) The total effect due to the elimination adjustments to conform the consolidated financial position data in liabilities is MCh$(176,886). The total effect of IFRS adjustments in liabilities is MCh$(401,474), which mainly stems from providing for minimum dividends and differing allowances for loan losses.

 

F-48


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

6. Cash and Cash Equivalents:

 

  (a) Details of cash and cash equivalents and its reconciliation to the statement of cash flows at each period are as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Cash and due from banks:

     

Cash (*)

     485,537         476,429   

Current account with the Central Bank (*)

     71,787         147,215   

Deposits in other domestic banks

     15,588         12,778   

Deposits abroad

     300,396         278,711   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal – Cash and due from banks

     873,308         915,133   

Transactions in the course of collection

     248,128         303,136   

Highly liquid financial instruments (shown in other assets)

     66,213         255,013   

Repurchase agreements

     59,089         16,892   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash and cash equivalents

     1,246,738         1,490,174   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Amounts in cash and Central Bank deposits are regulatory reserve deposits for which the Bank must maintain a certain monthly average.

 

  (b) Transactions in the course of collection:

Transactions in the course of collection are transactions for which the only remaining step is settlement, which will increase or decrease the funds in the Central Bank or in foreign banks, normally occurring within 24 to 48 business hours and are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Assets

     

Documents drawn on other banks (clearing)

     232,698         290,866   

Funds receivable

     67,328         65,319   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal transactions in the course of collection

     300,026            356,185   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Funds payable

     (51,898      (53,049
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal transactions in the course of payment

     (51,898      (53,049
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total transactions in the course of collection

     248,128         303,136   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-49


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

7. Financial Assets Held-for-Trading:

The details of financial instruments classified as held-for-trading are as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank:

     

Central Bank bonds

     34,407         13,906   

Central Bank promissory notes

     2,995         2,996   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     27,535         71,968   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     14         9   

Bonds from domestic banks

     1,926         3,197   

Deposits in domestic banks

     255,582         199,665   

Bonds issued by chilean companies

     3,427         1,351   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,035         366   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions

     

Other instruments issued abroad

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     326,921         293,458   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

“Other instruments issued in Chile” include instruments sold under repurchase agreements with customers and financial instruments amounting to MCh$194,074 as of December 31, 2014 (MCh$227,453 in 2013).

Repurchase agreements have an average expiration of 13 days as of December 31, 2014 (14 days in 2013).

Additionally, the Bank holds financial investments in mortgage finance bonds issued by itself in the amount of MCh$32,956 as of December 31, 2014 (MCh$41,313 in 2013), which are presented as a reduction of the liability line item “Debt issued.”

 

F-50


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Cash collateral on securities and reverse repurchase agreements:

 

  (a) The Bank provides financing to its customers through “Receivables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Borrowing”, in which the financial instrument serves as collateral. As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank has the following receivables resulting from such transactions:

 

    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month and
up to 3 months
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
    Over 1 year and
up to 3 years
    Over 3 years and
up to 5 years
    Over 5 years     Total  
    2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

                           

Central Bank bonds

    —          820        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          820   

Central Bank promissory notes

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other Instruments Issued in Chile

        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Deposit promissory notes from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Bonds from domestic banks

    8,443        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          8,443        —     

Deposits in domestic banks

    46,084        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          46,084        —     

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

    3,902        11,043        12,250        6,291        11,743        9,507        —          —          —          —          —          —          27,895        26,841   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    58,429        11,863        12,250        6,291        11,743        9,507        —          —          —          —          —          —          82,422        27,661   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As part of reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements the Bank has received securities that it is allowed to sell or repledge in the absence of default by the owner. At December 31, 2014 the Bank held securities with a fair value of Ch$27,549 million (Ch$81,830 million in 2013) on such terms. The Bank has an obligation to return the securities to its counterparties.

 

F-51


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

8. Cash collateral on securities and reverse repurchase agreements, continued:

 

  (b) The Bank obtains financing by selling financial instruments and committing to repurchase them at future dates, plus interest at a prefixed rate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank has the following payables resulting from such transactions:

 

    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month and up
to 3 months
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
    Over 1 year and up
to 3 years
    Over 3 years and up
to 5 years
    Over 5 years     Total  
    2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

                           

Central Bank bonds

    16,831        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          16,831        —     

Central Bank promissory notes

    —          25,643        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          25,643   

Other instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other Instruments Issued in Chile

                           

Deposit promissory notes from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Bonds from domestic banks

    —          3,152        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          3,152   

Deposits in domestic banks

    232,512        220,528        7,217        159        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          239,729        220,687   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

    206        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          206        —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    249,549        249,323        7,217        159        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          256,766        249,482   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The carrying amount of securities lent and of “Payables from Repurchase Agreements and Security Lending” at December 31, 2014 is Ch$252,465 million (Ch$255,302 million in 2013). The counterparty is allowed to sell or repledge those securities in the absence of default by the Bank.

 

F-52


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank’s portfolio of derivative instruments is detailed as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2013  
     Notional  amount
contract
MCh$
     Fair value  
        Asset
MCh$
     Liability
MCh$
 

Derivatives held for hedging of fair value

        

Cross currency swap

     128,934         —           14,012   

Interest rate swap

     164,526         714         11,312   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivatives held for hedging purposes

     293,460         714         25,324   

Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

        

Interest rate swap and cross currency swap

     882,844         37,971         6,681   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

     882,844         37,971         6,681   

Derivatives held-for-trading purposes

        

Currency forward

     9,199,390         41,672         46,374   

Cross currency swap

     5,682,018         193,455         243,979   

Interest rate swap

     16,397,220         97,974         99,488   

Call currency options

     196,981         2,301         3,559   

Put currency options

     113,491         600         705   

Others

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivatives held-for-trading purposes

     31,589,100         336,002         394,105   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     32,765,404         374,687         426,110   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Notional  amount
contract
MCh$
     Fair value  
        Asset      Liability  
        MCh$      MCh$  

Derivatives held for hedging of fair value

        

Cross currency swap

     48,611         —           8,730   

Interest rate swap

     146,585         101         11,174   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivatives held for hedging purposes

     195,196         101         19,904   

Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

        

Interest rate swap and cross currency swap

     1,223,030         78,703         17,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

     1,223,030         78,703         17,596   

Derivatives held-for-trading purposes

        

Currency forward

     16,274,084         140,750         95,346   

Cross currency swap

     6,816,954         398,943         485,505   

Interest rate swap

     24,890,736         210,900         206,161   

Call currency options

     158,701         2,583         2,249   

Put currency options

     117,246         287         362   

Others

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total derivatives held-for-trading purposes

     48,257,721         753,463         789,623   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     49,675,947         832,267         827,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-53


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (b) Fair Value Hedges (notional):

The Bank uses cross-currency swaps and interest rate swaps to hedge its exposure to changes in the fair value of the hedged elements attributable to interest rates. The aforementioned hedge instruments change the effective cost of long-term issuances from a fixed interest rate to a variable interest rate, decreasing the duration and modifying the sensitivity to the shortest segments of the curve.

Below is a detail of the hedged elements and hedge instruments under fair value hedges as of December 31, 2013 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Notional Amounts

     

Hedged element

     

Commercial loans

     128,934         48,611   

Corporate bonds

     164,526         146,585   

Hedge instrument

     

Cross currency swap

     128,934         48,611   

Interest rate swap

     164,526         146,585   

Gains for hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in income statement in an amount of MCh$15 (see note 31) in the item “Net financial operating income”.

 

F-54


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges:

 

  (c.1) The Bank uses cross currency swaps to hedge the risk from variability of cash flows attributable to changes in the interest rates of bonds and foreign exchange of bonds issued abroad in Mexican pesos, Hong Kong dollars, Peruvian nuevo sol, Swiss franc, Japanese yen to fix rate and foreign banks obligations. The cash flows of the cross currency swaps equal the cash flows of the hedged items, which modify uncertain cash flows to known cash flows derived from a fixed interest rate.

Additionally, these cross currency swap contracts used to hedge the risk from variability of the Unidad de Fomento (CLF) in assets flows denominated in CLF until a nominal amount equal to the portion notional of the hedging instrument CLF, whose readjustment daily impact the item “interest revenue” of the financial statements.

 

  (c.2) Below are the cash flows of bonds issued abroad, the objects of these hedges and the cash flows of the asset part of the derivative:

 

     2013  
     Up to 1
month
   

Over 1
month and
up to

3 months

   

Over

3 months
and up to

12 months

    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years
    Over 5 years     Total  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Hedge item

              

Outflows:

              

Corporate Bond MXN

     (206     (619     (62,275     —          —          —          (63,100

Corporate Bond HKD

     —          —          (7,011     (14,022     (14,009     (240,224     (275,266

Corporate Bond PEN

     —          —          (578     (1,154     (14,690     —          (16,422

Corporate Bond CHF

     (216     —          (4,720     (143,070     (229,701     (105,325     (483,032

Obligation USD

     (273     (82     (1,064     (135,478     —          —          (136,897

Corporate Bond JPY

     —          (76     (560     (56,964     (598     (29,173     (87,371

Hedge instruments

              

Inflows:

              

Cross Currency Swap MXN

     206        619        62,275        —          —          —          63,100   

Cross Currency Swap HKD

     —          —          7,011        14,022        14,009        240,224        275,266   

Cross Currency Swap PEN

     —          —          578        1,154        14,690        —          16,422   

Cross Currency Swap CHF

     216        —          4,720        143,070        229,701        105,325        483,032   

Cross Currency Swap USD

     273        82        1,064        135,478        —          —          136,897   

Cross Currency Swap JPY

     —          76        560        56,964        598        29,173        87,371   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-55


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

     2014  
     Up to 1 month    

Over 1 month
and up to

3 months

   

Over 3 months
and up to

12 months

    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years
    Over 5 years     Total  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Hedge item

              

Outflows:

              

Corporate Bond MXN

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Corporate Bond HKD

     —          —          (9,508     (19,070     (66,617     (268,771     (363,966

Corporate Bond PEN

     —          —          (622     (16,442     —          —          (17,064

Corporate Bond CHF

     (219     (1,135     (5,413     (317,811     (344,146     —          (668,724

Obligation USD

     (498     (95     (156,333     (61,751     —          —          (218,677

Corporate Bond JPY

     —          (271     (968     (58,445     (41,062     (51,563     (152,309

Hedge instruments

              

Inflows:

              

Cross Currency Swap MXN

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Cross Currency Swap HKD

     —          —          9,508        19,070        66,617        268,771        363,966   

Cross Currency Swap PEN

     —          —          622        16,442        —          —          17,064   

Cross Currency Swap CHF

     219        1,135        5,413        317,811        344,146        —          668,724   

Cross Currency Swap USD

     498        95        156,333        61,751        —          —          218,677   

Cross Currency Swap JPY

     —          271        968        58,445        41,062        51,563        152,309   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-56


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

  (c.2) Below are the cash flows of the underlying assets portfolio and the cash flow of the liability part of the derivatives:

 

     2013  
     Up to 1
month
   

Over 1
month and
up to

3 months

   

Over

3 months and
up to

12 months

    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years
    Over 5 years     Total  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Hedge item

              

Inflows:

              

Cash flow in CLF

     2,751        233        82,888        359,407        237,627        351,724        1,034,630   

Hedge instruments

              

Outflows:

              

Cross Currency Swap MXN

     —          —          (61,400     —          —          —          (61,400

Cross Currency Swap HKD

     —          —          (5,791     (11,617     (11,562     (217,999     (246,969

Cross Currency Swap PEN

     —          —          (450     (898     (14,673     —          (16,021

Cross Currency Swap JPY

     —          (233     (2,099     (63,679     (1,846     (30,920     (98,777

Cross Currency Swap USD

     —          —          (3,314     (133,094     —          —          (136,408

Cross Currency Swap CHF

     (2,751     —          (9,834     (150,119     (209,546     (102,805     (475,055
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-57


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

     2014  
     Up to 1
month
    Over 1 month and
up to 3 months
    Over 3 months and
up to 12 months
    Over 1 year and
up to 3 years
    Over 3 years and
up to 5 years
    Over 5
years
    Total  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Hedge item

              

Inflows:

              

Cash flow in CLF

     2,892        490,949        3,230        165,707        442,808        283,714        1,389,300   

Hedge instruments

              

Outflows:

              

Cross Currency Swap HKD

     —          (14,578     —          (7,273     (59,188     (224,232     (305,271

Cross Currency Swap PEN

     —          (15,978     —          (475     —          —          (16,453

Cross Currency Swap JPY

     —          (69,059     (976     (3,471     (48,703     (59,482     (181,691

Cross Currency Swap USD

     —          (58,945     —          (141,795     —          —          (200,740

Cross Currency Swap CHF

     (2,892     (332,389     (2,254     (12,693     (334,917     —          (685,145
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash flow

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-58


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

9. Derivative Instruments and Accounting Hedges, continued:

 

  (c) Cash flow Hedges, continued:

 

With respect to CLF assets hedged, these are revalued monthly according to the variation of the UF, which is equivalent to monthly reinvestment of the assets until maturity of the relationship hedging.

 

  (c.3) The accumulated amount of unrealized gain was a credit to equity for an amount of Ch$29,756 million (a charge to equity for Ch$18,069 million in 2013 and a credit to equity for Ch$1,777 million in 2012) generated from hedging instruments, which has been recorded in equity. The net effect of deferred tax was a credit to equity for Ch$23,507 million in 2014 (a charge to equity for Ch$14,455 million in 2013 and a credit to equity for Ch$1,429 million in 2012)

The accumulated balance for this concept net of deferred tax as of December 31, 2014 corresponds to a credit of equity amounted Ch$10,086 million (a charge to equity for Ch$13,421 million in 2013 and a credit to equity for Ch$1,034 million in 2012)

 

  (c.4) The net effect in income of derivatives cash flow hedges was a charge of Ch$9,659 million in 2014 (a credit to income for Ch$51,795 million in 2013 and a charge to income for Ch$2,318 million in 2012).

 

  (c.5) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, it not exist inefficiency in cash flow hedge, because both, hedge item and hedge instruments are mirror one of other, it means that all variation of value attributable to rate and revaluation components are netted almost totally.

 

  (c.6) As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank has no hedges of net investments in foreign businesses.

 

F-59


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

10. Loans and Advance to Banks, net:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, these amounts are detailed as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Domestic Banks

     

Interbank loans

     100,012         170,014   

Provisions for loans to domestic banks

     (36      (61
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     99,976         169,953   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign Banks

     

Loans to foreign banks

     252,697         216,632   

Credits with third countries

     97,194         93,366   

Chilean export trade banks

     12,864         125,061   

Provisions for loans to foreign banks

     (1,256      (755
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     361,499         434,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Central Bank of Chile

     

Unavailable Central Bank deposits

     600,000         550,000   

Other Central Bank credits

     581         1,108   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     600,581         551,108   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,062,056         1,155,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) Provisions for loans to banks are detailed below:

 

     Bank’s Location         
Detail    Chile
MCh$
     Abroad
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Balance as of January 1, 2013

     5         954         959   

Charge-offs

     —           —           —     

Provisions established

     31         302         333   

Provisions released

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

     36         1,256         1,292   

Charge-offs

     —           —           —     

Provisions established

     25         —           25   

Provisions released

     —           (501      (501
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

     61         755         816   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-60


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers:

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, the composition of our portfolio of loans is the following:

 

    As of December 31, 2012  
    Assets before Allowances     Allowances established  
    Normal Portfolio     Substandard
Portfolio
    Non-Complying
Portfolio
    Total     Individual
Provision
    Group Provision     Total     Net assets  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Commercial loans

               

Commercial loans

    8,185,070        112,509        247,381        8,544,960        (53,952     (67,746     (121,698     8,423,262   

Foreign trade loans

    1,134,137        58,728        48,090        1,240,955        (55,216     (491     (55,707     1,185,248   

Current account debtors

    181,709        5,266        2,424        189,399        (2,418     (2,504     (4,922     184,477   

Factoring transactions

    596,916        1,291        7,930        606,137        (9,535     (556     (10,091     596,046   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    1,061,740        26,317        25,215        1,113,272        (3,528     (9,136     (12,664     1,100,608   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    36,641        260        3,746        40,647        (620     (1,974     (2,594     38,053   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    11,196,213        204,371        334,786        11,735,370        (125,269     (82,407     (207,676     11,527,694   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

               

Mortgage bonds (2)

    103,169        —          6,046        109,215        —          (724     (724     108,491   

Transferable mortgage loans

    148,216        —          2,990        151,206        —          (527     (527     150,679   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    3,897,399        —          40,367        3,937,766        —          (14,829     (14,829     3,922,937   

Credits from ANAP

    27        —          —          27        —          —          —          27   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    453        —          —          453        —          —          —          453   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    4,149,264        —          49,403        4,198,667        —          (16,080     (16,080     4,182,587   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

               

Consumer loans in installments

    1,761,070        —          151,413        1,912,483        —          (124,886     (124,886     1,787,597   

Current account debtors

    235,122        —          9,944        245,066        —          (6,950     (6,950     238,116   

Credit card debtors

    654,976        —          25,010        679,986        —          (31,996     (31,996     647,990   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    183        —          6        189        —          (215     (215     (26
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,651,351        —          186,373        2,837,724        —          (164,047     (164,047     2,673,677   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    17,996,828        204,371        570,562        18,771,761        (125,269     (262,534     (387,803     18,383,958   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2012, MCh$451,647 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$661,625 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-61


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2013  
    Assets before Allowances     Allowances established  
    Normal
Portfolio
    Substandard
Portfolio
    Non-Complying
Portfolio
    Total     Individual
Provision
    Group
Provision
    Total     Net assets  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Commercial loans

               

Commercial loans

    9,501,587        117,958        271,713        9,891,258        (49,706     (86,529     (136,235     9,755,023   

Foreign trade loans

    1,027,507        73,090        54,084        1,154,681        (68,272     (642     (68,914     1,085,767   

Current account debtors

    253,198        3,160        2,931        259,289        (3,031     (3,332     (6,363     252,926   

Factoring transactions

    520,776        2,538        745        524,059        (9,570     (822     (10,392     513,667   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    1,156,350        27,394        26,003        1,209,747        (5,265     (10,224     (15,489     1,194,258   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    34,621        307        5,011        39,939        (762     (3,287     (4,049     35,890   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    12,494,039        224,447        360,487        13,078,973        (136,606     (104,836     (241,442     12,837,531   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

               

Mortgage bonds (2)

    81,704        —          5,650        87,354        —          (220     (220     87,134   

Transferable mortgage loans

    120,584        —          2,321        122,905        —          (285     (285     122,620   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    4,455,510        —          61,312        4,516,822        —          (17,997     (17,997     4,498,825   

Credits from ANAP

    24        —          —          24        —          —          —          24   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    5,155        —          47        5,202        —          —          —          5,202   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    4,662,977        —          69,330        4,732,307        —          (18,502     (18,502     4,713,805   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

               

Consumer loans in installments

    1,865,945        —          178,010        2,043,955        —          (139,536     (139,536     1,904,419   

Current account debtors

    231,493        —          9,459        240,952        —          (7,844     (7,844     233,108   

Credit card debtors

    758,742        —          25,040        783,782        —          (31,666     (31,666     752,116   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    185        —          616        801        —          (308     (308     493   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,856,365        —          213,125        3,069,490        —          (179,354     (179,354     2,890,136   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    20,013,381        224,447        642,942        20,880,770        (136,606     (302,692     (439,298     20,441,472   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2013, MCh$503,972 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$705,775 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-62


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to Customers, continued:

 

    As of December 31, 2014  
    Assets before Allowances     Allowances established  
    Normal
Portfolio
    Substandard
Portfolio
    Non-Complying
Portfolio
    Total     Individual
Provision
    Group
Provision
    Total     Net assets  
    MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Commercial loans

               

Commercial loans

    9,239,023        76,365        311,316        9,626,704        (62,563     (89,392     (151,955     9,474,749   

Foreign trade loans

    1,131,926        72,208        62,665        1,266,799        (78,619     (1,480     (80,099     1,186,700   

Current account debtors

    303,906        2,697        3,532        310,135        (3,141     (4,189     (7,330     302,805   

Factoring transactions

    474,046        3,164        1,525        478,735        (9,283     (1,361     (10,644     468,091   

Commercial lease transactions (1)

    1,330,752        22,191        28,579        1,381,522        (6,163     (11,898     (18,061     1,363,461   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    39,274        257        7,320        46,851        (2,298     (3,426     (5,724     41,127   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    12,518,927        176,882        414,937        13,110,746        (162,067     (111,746     (273,813     12,836,933   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mortgage loans

               

Mortgage bonds (2)

    65,211        —          4,893        70,104        —          (58     (58     70,046   

Transferable mortgage loans

    101,957        —          2,218        104,175        —          (72     (72     104,103   

Other residential real estate mortgage loans

    5,151,358        —          86,273        5,237,631        —          (23,857     (23,857     5,213,774   

Credits from ANAP

    21        —          —          21        —          —          —          21   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    6,482        —          210        6,692        —          (34     (34     6,658   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    5,325,029        —          93,594        5,418,623        —          (24,021     (24,021     5,394,602   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Consumer loans

               

Consumer loans in installments

    2,003,452        —          202,872        2,206,324        —          (151,337     (151,337     2,054,987   

Current account debtors

    264,473        —          7,347        271,820        —          (7,331     (7,331     264,489   

Credit card debtors

    856,555        —          26,455        883,010        —          (33,713     (33,713     849,297   

Other loans and accounts receivable

    106        —          704        810        —          (343     (343     467   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    3,124,586        —          237,378        3,361,964        —          (192,724     (192,724     3,169,240   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    20,968,542        176,882        745,909        21,891,333        (162,067     (328,491     (490,558     21,400,775   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) In this item, the Bank finances its customers purchases of assets, including real estate and other personal property, through finance lease agreements. As of December 31, 2014, MCh$615,723 corresponds to finance leases for real estate and MCh$765,799 corresponds to finance leases for other assets.
(2) For mortgage bonds that finance residential mortgage loans, the Bank is solely responsible for the payment of that obligation to the mortgage bond holders, regardless of the payment behavior of the residential mortgage borrower. Accordingly, none of our residential mortgage loans serves as a guarantee or collateral for our mortgage bonds.

 

F-63


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (b) Allowances for loan losses:

Movements in allowances for loan losses during 2012, 2013 and 2014 are as follows:

 

     Allowances         
     Individual      Group      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Balance as of January 1, 2012

     138,628         224,113         362,741   

Charge-offs:

        

Commercial loans

     (9,144      (34,020      (43,164

Mortgage loans

     —           (4,253      (4,253

Consumer loans

     —           (135,316      (135,316
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (9,144      (173,589      (182,733

Allowances established

     13,668         212,010         225,678   

Allowances released

     (17,883      —           (17,883
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     125,269         262,534         387,803   

Balance as of January 1, 2013

     125,269         262,534         387,803   

Charge-offs:

        

Commercial loans

     (8,648      (27,381      (36,029

Mortgage loans

     —           (3,242      (3,242

Consumer loans

     —           (157,264      (157,264
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (8,648      (187,887      (196,535

Debt exchange

     (12,556      —           (12,556

Allowances established

     34,668         228,045         262,713   

Allowances released

     (2,127      —           (2,127
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

     136,606         302,692         439,298   

Balance as of January 1, 2014

     136,606         302,692         439,298   

Charge-offs:

        

Commercial loans

     (28,566      (39,151      (67,717

Mortgage loans

     —           (2,978      (2,978

Consumer loans

     —           (184,647      (184,647
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total charge-offs

     (28,566      (226,776      (255,342

Allowances established

     54,027         252,575         306,602   

Allowances released

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

     162,067         328,491         490,558   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-64


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (c) During 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries presented the following allowance for loan losses associated with impaired loans and with non-impaired loans:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Individual impaired

     94,806         114,804   

Group impaired

     163,688         165,148   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Allowances for impaired loans (*)

     258,494         279,952   

Provision for not yet identified but incurred impairment

     180,804         210,606   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total allowances for loan losses

     439,298         490,558   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) 

Includes allowances related to individual and group impaired portfolios. Notes 11(a) and 11(b) include total allowance amounts from impaired and non-impaired portfolios

 

  (d) Finance Lease Contracts:

The Bank’s scheduled cash flows to be received from finance leasing contracts have the following maturities:

 

     Total receivable      Unearned income     Net lease receivable (*)  
     2013      2014      2013     2014     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$  

Due within one year

     435,789         465,397         (53,920     (55,663     381,869         409,734   

Due after 1 year but within 2 years

     314,546         328,815         (39,405     (40,553     275,141         288,262   

Due after 2 years but within 3 years

     197,979         220,128         (25,097     (27,233     172,882         192,895   

Due after 3 years but within 4 years

     121,241         144,099         (16,987     (19,753     104,254         124,346   

Due after 4 years but within 5 years

     78,992         107,651         (12,663     (14,375     66,329         93,276   

Due after 5 years

     232,607         296,482         (29,879     (32,370     202,728         264,112   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,381,154         1,562,572         (177,951     (189,947     1,203,203         1,372,625   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) 

The net balance receivable does not include the total overdue portfolio totaling MCh$6,544 and MCh$8,897 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively. This overdue portfolio only reflects the past due portion without considering the remaining outstanding principal and interest.

The leasing contracts are related to real estate, industrial machinery, vehicles and computer equipment. The leasing contracts have an average life of between 3 and 8 years.

 

F-65


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

11. Loans to Customers, net, continued:

 

  (e) Loans by industry sector:

The following table details the Bank’s loan portfolio (before allowances for loans losses) as of December 31, 2013 and 2014 by the customer’s industry sector:

 

     Location                              
     Chile      Abroad      Total  
     2013      2014      2013      2014      2013             2014         
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      %      MCh$      %  

Commercial loans:

                       

Commerce

     2,510,335         2,340,903         40,731         36,929         2,551,066         12.22         2,377,832         10.86   

Transportation

     1,622,433         1,654,258         14,729         13,845         1,637,162         7.84         1,668,103         7.62   

Manufacturing

     1,360,115         1,414,821         5,301         84,083         1,365,416         6.54         1,498,904         6.85   

Services

     1,336,674         1,565,233         415         544         1,337,089         6.40         1,565,777         7.15   

Construction

     1,425,983         1,423,597         311         —           1,426,294         6.83         1,423,597         6.50   

Financial services

     2,239,495         1,848,774         15,855         24,381         2,255,350         10.80         1,873,155         8.56   

Agriculture and livestock

     921,055         946,795         —           —           921,055         4.41         946,795         4.32   

Electricity, gas and water

     505,616         438,638         27,885         3,428         533,501         2.55         442,066         2.02   

Mining

     339,456         356,363         —           —           339,456         1.63         356,363         1.63   

Fishing

     220,815         261,189         —           —           220,815         1.06         261,189         1.19   

Other

     491,769         667,098         —           29,867         491,769         2.36         696,965         3.19   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     12,973,746         12,917,669         105,227         193,077         13,078,973         62.64         13,110,746         59.89   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential mortgage loans

     4,732,307         5,418,623         —           —           4,732,307         22.66         5,418,623         24.75   

Consumer loans

     3,069,490         3,361,964         —           —           3,069,490         14.70         3,361,964         15.36   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     20,775,543         21,698,256         105,227         193,077         20,880,770         100.00         21,891,333         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-66


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

12. Financial Assets Available-for-sale:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, investment securities classified as available-for-sale are detailed as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank:

     

Bonds issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     333,035         28,795   

Promissory notes issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     50,415         149,755   

Other instruments

     202,958         160,774   

Other instruments issued in Chile:

     

Equity instruments valued at cost

     352         358   

Equity instruments valued at fair value

     7,827         8,249   

Mortgage bonds from domestic banks

     96,933         96,294   

Bonds from domestic banks

     128,500         251,231   

Deposits from domestic banks

     617,816         657,467   

Bonds from other Chilean companies

     13,558         29,519   

Promissory notes issued by other Chilean companies

               

Other instruments

     154,267         162,829   

Instruments issued by foreign institutions:

     

Other instruments issued abroad

     76,222         63,525   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,681,883         1,608,796   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Instruments issued by the Chilean Government and Central Bank include instruments with agreements to repurchase sold to clients and financial institutions, totaling MCh$25,763 as of December 31, 2014 (MCh$16,840 in 2013). The repurchase agreements have an average maturity of 4 days as of December 31, 2014 (3 days in December 2013).

Under classification of Other instruments issued in Chile are included securities sold under repurchase agreements to customers and financial institutions for an amount of MCh$14 million (MCh$109 million in 2013). The repurchase agreements have an average maturity of 5 days as of December 31, 2014 (3 days in December 2013).

In instruments issued abroad included mainly bank bonds and shares.

As of December 31, 2014, the portfolio of financial assets available-for-sale includes a net unrealized loss of MCh$40,929 (MCh$36,443 in 2013 and MCh$24,829 in 2012), recorded in other comprehensive income within equity.

The equity investments values at cost represent shares of exchange houses and servicing companies that the Bank is obliged to hold in order to benefit from these services. There is no active market for these shares and their fair value cannot be measured reliably. However, the difference between cost and fair value is not expected to be significant.

During 2013 and 2014, there was no evidence of impairment of financial assets available-for-sale.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries do not hold financial assets held-to-maturity.

 

F-67


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

12. Financial Assets Available-for-sale, continued:

 

Realized profits and losses are calculated as the proceeds from sales less the cost (specific identification method) of the investments identified as for sale. In addition, any unrealized profit or loss previously recorded in other comprehensive income for these investments is reclassified when recorded in the income statements.

The gross gains (loss) realized in sale of financial assets available-for-sale, as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, is recorded in the item “Net financial operating income” (Note 31).

Gross profits and losses unrealized on the sale of available for sale investments for the periods ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 are as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Net gain (loss) on available for sale before income tax (1)

     30,127         14,518         7,531   

Tax (expense) benefit (2)

     (5,994      (2,904      (3,045
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net of tax amount (3)

     24,133         11,614         4,486   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, Realized gains or loss reclassified to the income statement line item “Net financial operating income” amounted to MCh$(1,749), MCh$ (11,751) and MCh$(16,486), respectively .
(2) This amount corresponds to the deferred taxes of the unrealized gain or loss and which are included in Note No. 17(d). As of December 31, 2014 this amount includes the tax rate change effect. See note No. 17( c).
(3) This amount corresponds to the unrealized gain or loss, net of deferred tax and which are included in “Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity”.

 

F-68


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Investments in Other Companies:

 

  (a) This item includes investments in other companies for an amount of MCh$14,407 and MCh$23,043 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively, which is detailed as follows:

 

                                Investment  
        Ownership Interest     Equity     Book Value     Income (Loss)  
        December     December     December     December     December     December     December     December  
        2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014  

Company

  Shareholder   %     %     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Associates

                 

Transbank S.A.

  Banco de Chile     26.16        26.16        5,232        34,177        1,368        8,939        9        1,070   

Administrador Financiero del Transantiago S.A

  Banco de Chile     20.00        20.00        9,737        11,145        1,948        2,229        733        282   

Soc. Operadora de Tarjetas de Crédito Nexus S.A.

  Banco de Chile     25.81        25.81        7,197        8,253        1,858        2,130        289        389   

Redbanc S.A.

  Banco de Chile     38.13        38.13        4,401        4,969        1,678        1,895        159        241   

Sociedad Imerc OTC S.A.

  Banco de Chile     12.49        11.48        11,411        10,899        1,425        1,252        (18     (177

Centro de Compensación Automatizado S.A.

  Banco de Chile     33.33        33.33        1,982        2,615        661        871        125        220   

Soc. Operadora de la Cámara de Compensación de Pagos de Alto Valor S.A.

  Banco de Chile     15.00        15.00        4,529        4,643        679        696        62        106   

Sociedad Interbancaria de Depósitos de Valores S.A.

  Banco de Chile     26.81        26.81        1,978        2,401        530        644        102        151   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

          46,467        79,102        10,147        18,656        1,461        2,282   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Joint Venture

                 

Servipag Ltda.

  Banco de Chile     50.00        50.00        7,180        7,281        3,590        3,641        213        51   

Artikos Chile S.A

  Banco de Chile     50.00        50.00        1,341        1,491        670        746        106        153   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

          8,521        8,772        4,260        4,387        319        204   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
                 
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

          54,988        87,874        14,407        23,043        1,780        2,486   
       

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-69


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Investments in Other Companies, continued:

 

  (b) The total carrying amount of the Bank’s associates is explained as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Associate’s statement of financial position

     

Current assets

     537,515         588,635   

Non-current assets

     64,904         74,361   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     602,419         662,996   

Current liabilities

     550,023         578,659   

Non-current liabilities

     5,919         5,227   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     555,942         583,886   

Equity

     46,467         79,102   

Minority interest

     10         8   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

     602,419         662,996   

Associate’s revenue and profit

     

Income before taxes

     7,279         8,759   

Net income for the year

     6,297         7,997   

Carrying amount of the investment

     14,407         23,043   

 

  (c) Joint Ventures:

The Bank has a 50% interest in Servipag Ltda. and a 50% interest in Artikos S.A., two jointly controlled entities. The Bank’s interest in both entities is accounted for using the equity method in the consolidated financial statements.

Below it presents summarized financial information of entities controlled jointly:

 

     Artikos S.A.      Servipag Ltda.  
     2013      2014      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Current assets

     920         1,289         42,788         53,077   

Non-current assets

     734         689         16,256         16,227   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     1,654         1,978         59,044         69,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Current liabilities

     313         487         48,343         59,501   

Non-current liabilities

     —           —           3,521         2,522   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     313         487         51,864         62,023   

Equity

     1,341         1,491         7,180         7,281   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Equity

     1,654         1,978         59,044         69,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Revenue

     2,486         2,660         35,371         37,140   

Operating expenses

     (2,270      (663      (34,042      (36,199

Other income (expenses)

     4         (1,727      (808      (781
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit (loss) before tax

     220         270         521         160   

Income tax

     (8      36         (97      (59
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit (loss) for the year

     212         306         424         101   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-70


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

13. Investments in Other Companies, continued:

 

  (d) The reconciliation between opening and ending balance of investments in other companies that are not consolidated in 2012, 2013 and 2014 is detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Balance as of January 1,

     13,196         11,674         14,407   

Acquisitions (sales)

     71         1,440         6,608   

Participation in net income

     (468      1,780         2,486   

Dividends received

     (943      (956      (195

Other

     (182      469         (263
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31,

     11,674         14,407         23,043   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (e) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, no impairment has been incurred in these investments.

 

F-71


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

14. Intangible Assets:

 

  (a) Changes in intangible assets during the 2012, 2013 and 2014 periods are as follows:

 

     Goodwill  (1)
MCh$
     Intangible
assets arising
from business
combinations(2)
MCh$
     Software or
computer
programs
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Gross Balance

           

Balance as of January 1, 2012

     16,714         56,249         92,122         165,085   

Acquisitions

     —           —           9,116         9,116   

Disposals

     —           —           (395      (395
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     16,714         56,249         100,843         173,806   

Acquisitions

     —           —           5,511         5,511   

Disposals

     —           —           (1,344      (1,344
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

     16,714         56,249         105,010         177,973   

Acquisitions

     —           —           5,382         5,382   

Disposals

     —           —           (504      (504

Reclasifications

     —           —           (20      (20
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

     16,714         56,249         109,868         182,831   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated Amortization and Impairment

           

Balance as of January 1, 2012

     —           (24,955      (59,104      (84,059

Amortization for the year

     —           (5,071      (9,461      (14,532

Impairment loss

     —           —           —           —     

Disposals

     —           —           395         395   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

     —           (30,026      (68,170      (98,196

Amortization for the year

     —           (385      (8,012      (8,397

Impairment loss

     —           —           (28      (28

Disposals

     —           —           871         871   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

     —           (30,411      (75,339      (105,750

Amortization for the year

     —           (2,286      (8,352      (10,638

Impairment loss

     —           —           (120      (120

Disposals

     —           —           498         498   

Reclasifications

     —           —           38         38   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

     —           (32,697      (83,275      (115,972
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2012

     16,714         26,223         32,673         75,610   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2013

     16,714         25,838         29,671         72,223   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2014

     16,714         23,552         26,593         66,859   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Goodwill corresponds mainly to business combination with Citibank Chile whose amount is of MCh$12,576 that represents the value of synergies to be generated in the combination process and the acquisition of know-how.
(2) Intangible assets arising from business combinations include assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in the business combination with Citibank Chile

 

F-72


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

14. Intangible Assets, continued:

 

  (b) Impairment testing of Goodwill

For goodwill impairment purposes, testing is carried out at the level of business segments described above and in Note 5 to the financial statements. This methodology is in line with IAS 36, where business segments represent the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Accordingly, for impairment testing purposes, goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated to four individual business segments, as follows:

 

Business Segments

   2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Retail

     5,928         5,928   

Wholesale

     2,135         2,135   

Treasury and money market operations

     4,512         4,512   

Subsidiaries

     4,139         4,139   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     16,714         16,714   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Below are the key assumptions used for determining the value in use for impairment testing purposes:

 

   

The Bank determines the recoverable amount of its business segments on the basis of value in use and employs a discounted cash flows (“DCF”) valuation model. The DCF model reflects the characteristics of the banking business, the bank’s market position, competition and the regulatory environment. The model determines the present value of the estimated future earnings that are distributed to shareholders, once the respective regulatory capital requirements are met.

 

   

For purposes of the goodwill impairment testing, the DCF model uses earnings projections for a ten-year period that are discounted to their present value. Estimating future earnings requires judgment based on the bank’s past and current performance as well as expected developments in the industry, related markets and main macroeconomic variables.

 

   

A ten-year period is utilized as the Bank assumes that over that period it is possible to achieve the goals set in the long-term business strategy.

 

   

Earnings projections are derived from business growth, particularly associated with projected expansion rates for the economy, the industry’s loan book and the Bank’s strategic goals. Then, based on historical data and a linear regression analysis, the Bank determines a multiplier of loan expansion (real terms) over GDP growth for the local economy. This multiplier is approximately 1.8 times. For GDP growth forecasting, the Bank applies judgement based on publicly available information (Central Bank’ and market analysts’ projections), while limiting the GDP expansion rate at the potential growth rate for the local economy (4.5%) over the long-run. As for the loan growth/GDP multiplier, the Bank assumes a decline over time, since banking penetration is expected to increase in the long-run.

 

   

Following the estimation of growth rates for the economy and the banking industry, expansion rates of the Bank’s loan book are determined considering the achievement of the Bank’s strategic goals. Therefore, real growth rates are considered to be slightly higher than the industry rates within the ten-year period, assuming that a market share of 20% is achieved at year ten. This market share is a long-term objective, which according to the Bank assessment should permit it to obtain economies of scale and ensure profitable growth.

 

F-73


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

14. Intangible Assets, continued:

 

  (b) Impairment testing of Goodwill, continued:

 

   

Earnings projections beyond the ten-year period are involved in the terminal value.

 

   

For purposes of business segments valuation, the DCF model considered discount rates of 10%, 11% and 12% as of December 31, 2014. These discount rates have been determined by carrying out a regression analysis based on historical data of monthly stock returns for the Bank and the market; this is, by applying an index linear model, which is widely used in finance. After estimating the model parameters, the Bank applies the CAPM model in order to determine the cost of equity or discount rate, by assuming equilibrium scenarios for risk-free rates and inflation. Based on this analsys, the Bank determined a cost of equity of 11%, which is set as a baseline scenario for discount rates used for valuation purposes. In addition to this baseline scenario the Bank also carries out a sensitivity analysis by setting discounts rates of 10% and 12%.

 

   

The value in use of every business segment is sensitive to earnings projections, discount rates and, to a much lesser extent, long-term growth rates. Variations in market factors may affect the discount rates calculation.

The annual goodwill impairment tests for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014 did not result in an impairment loss on the goodwill of the Bank’s business segments as their economic values were higher than their carrying amounts.

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank has made the following commitments to purchase intangible assets:

 

     Amount of Commitment  
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Software and licences

     9,299         3,508   

 

F-74


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

15. Property and Equipment:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, this account and its changes are detailed as follows:

 

     Land and
Buildings
MCh$
     Equipment
MCh$
     Other
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

(a.1) Cost

           

Balance as of January 1, 2013

     176,152         132,026         144,637         452,815   

Additions

     62         7,509         4,678         12,249   

Disposals/write-downs

     (365      (1,406      (1,710      (3,481

Transfers

     —           (218      218         —     

Accumulated depreciation (see (a.2))

     (38,717      (116,081      (108,697      (263,495

Impairment loss (*) (***)

     —           (84      (426      (510

Reclassifications

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2013

     137,132         21,746         38,700         197,578   

Balance as of January 1, 2014

     175,849         137,827         147,397         461,073   

Additions

     —           22,776         8,737         31,513   

Disposals/write-downs

     (516      (7,807      (971      (9,294

Transfers

     —           485         (485      —     

Accumulated depreciation (see (a.2))

     (40,395      (119,842      (115,799      (276,036

Impairment loss (*) (***)

     —           (1,370      (283      (1,653

Reclassifications

     —           —           (200      (200
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2014

     134,938         32,069         38,396         205,403   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

(a.2) Accumulated Depreciation

           

Balance as of January 1, 2013

     (35,972      (109,932      (101,722      (247,626

Transfers

     —           (19      19         —     

Depreciation charges in the period (*) (**)

     (2,873      (7,716      (8,310      (18,899

Sales and disposals in the year

     128         1,586         1,316         3,030   

Reclassifications

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2013

     (38,717      (116,081      (108,697      (263,495

Transfers

     —           (286      286         —     

Depreciation charges in the period (*) (**)

     (2,195      (11,283      (8,290      (21,768

Sales and disposals in the year

     517         7,808         902         9,227   

Reclassifications

     —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2014

     (40,395      (119,842      (115,799      (276,036
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) See Note No. 36 about Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment
(**) It does not include depreciation of the year of Investment Properties, which it registers under the item “Other assets” for an amount of MCh$381 (MCh$381 in 2013)
(***) It does not include charge-offs provision of Property and Equipment for an amount of MCh$312 (MCh$247 in 2013)

 

F-75


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

15. Property and Equipment, continued:

 

  (b) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank has operating lease agreements, in which it acts as lessee, that cannot be terminated unilaterally; Information on the future payments is detailed as follows:

 

    Expenses for
the year
    Up to 1 month     Over 1 month
and up to
3 months
    Over 3 months
and up to
12 months
    Over 1 year
and up to 3
years
    Over 3 years
and up to 5
years
   

Over 5 years
   

Total
 
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
 

Lease agreements

    28,876        29,588        2,320        2,520        4,633        4,992        19,833        21,264        37,497        40,375        26,517        29,612        48,815        46,479        139,615        145,242   

As these lease agreements are operating leases under IAS 17 the leased assets are not presented in the Bank’s statement of financial position.

The Bank has entered into commercial leases of real estate. These leases have an average life of 10 years. There are no restrictions placed upon the lessee by entering into the lease.

 

  (c) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank does not have any finance lease agreements as lessee and, therefore, there are no property and equipment balances to be reported from such transactions as of December 31, 2013 and 2014.

 

  (d) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014 the gross amount of fully depreciated assets (mainly equipment and facilities) corresponds to MCh$ 177,308 and MCh$186,014, respectively.

 

F-76


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

16. Investment Properties:

 

     2012
MCh$
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Net Balance as of January 1,

     17,079         16,698         16,317   

Additions resulting from business combinations

     —           —           —     

Disposals

     —           —           —     

Depreciation charges in the period

     (381      (381      (381

Impairment

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net Balance as of December 31,

     16,698         16,317         15,936   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Estimated useful lives applied by the Bank are presented in Note 2(o) on Property and equipment.

As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of the investment properties held by the Bank is MCh$60,457 (MCh$57,222 as of December 31, 2013).

In 2014, the Bank earned income of MCh$5,702 (MCh$5,245 in 2013) renting out their investment properties. In the same period the Bank incurred corresponding expenses of MCh$2,205 and MCh$2,233 per year in 2013 and 2014.

 

17. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes:

 

  (a) Current Tax:

As of each year end, the Bank and its subsidiaries have established a First Category Income Tax Provision of MCh$7,131 and MCh$19,030 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, determined in accordance with current tax laws. The net tax to be paid or recovered is detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Income taxes

     85,336         106,550   

First category tax

     23         —     

Tax on non-deductible expenses (tax rate 35%)

     1,885         1,802   

Less:

     

Monthly prepaid taxes (PPM)

     (73,694      (83,050

Credit for training expenses

     (1,714      (1,818

Real estate tax

     (1,106      (1,597

Other

     (3,599      (2,857
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     7,131         19,030   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-77


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

17. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes, continued:

 

  (b) Income Tax:

The Bank’s tax expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014 is detailed as follows:

 

     2012
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
 

Income tax expense:

      

Current year taxes

     (61,876     (88,714     (100,302

Tax from previous period

     1,147        433        (13,596
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     (60,729     (88,281     (113,898
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Credit (charge) for deferred taxes:

      

Origin and reversal of temporary differences

     (7,034     3,231        28,477   

Effect of changes in tax rate

     9,029        —          12,284   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,995        3,231        40,761   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non deductible expenses (Art. 21 Income Tax Law)

     (3,860     (1,885     (1,802

Other

     (1,334     (2,150     (4,746
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net charge to income for income taxes

     (63,928     (89,085     (79,685
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax Rate

     20.00     20.00     21.00

 

  (c) Reconciliation of effective tax rate:

The following table reconciles the income tax rate to the effective rate applied to determine the Bank’s income tax expense as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     2012     2013     2014  
     Tax rate
%
    MCh$     Tax rate
%
    MCh$     Tax rate
%
    MCh$  

Income tax calculated on net income before tax

     20.00        108,762        20.00        127,856        21.00        141,793   

Additions or deductions(1)

     (6.81     (37,056     (6.36     (40,653     (9.58     (64,673

Non-deductible expenses tax

     0.71        3,860        0.29        1,885        0.27        1,802   

Tax from previous years

     (0.21     (1,147     (0.07     (432     2.01        13,596   

Effect of changes in tax rate

     (1.66     (9,029     —          —          (1.82     (12,284

Other

     (0.28     (1,462     0.07        429        (0.08     (549
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective rate and income tax expense

     11.75        63,928        13.93        89,085        11.80        79,685   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

The deductions of the tax rate for 2012, 2013 and 2014 mainly relate to specific adjustments from tax-exempt distribution of income to SAOS of 31.81% in 2012, 30.69% in 2013 and 30.21% in 2014 of the Bank’s profits as well as adjustments relating to its subsidiaries.

 

F-78


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

17. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes, continued:

 

  (c) Reconciliation of effective tax rate, continued:

On September 29, 2014, Law 20,780 was issued and published in the Diario Oficial amending the Taxation System of Income and introducing various adjustments in the tax system. The third paragraph of Article 14 of the new law indicates that companies that do not exercise the option of regime change that by default corresponds to the semi-integrated, must modify transiently the first category tax rate according to the following intervals:

 

Year

   Rate  

2014

     21.0

2015

     22.5

2016

     24.0

2017

     25.5

2018

     27.0

The effect on income by deferred taxes produced by the tax rate change was a credit in income for an amount of Ch$12,284 million.

 

F-79


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

17. Current Taxes and Deferred Taxes, continued:

 

  (d) Effect of deferred taxes on income and equity:

The effects of deferred taxes on assets, liabilities and income accounts are detailed as follows:

 

    Balance as of
December 31,
2011

MCh$
    Effect     Balance as of
December 31,
2012

MCh$
    Effect     Balance as of
December 31,
2013

MCh$
    Effect     Balance as of
December 31,
2014

MCh$
 
      Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
      Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
      Income
MCh$
    Equity
MCh$
   
                     

Debit differences:

                   

Allowances for loan losses

    60,738        14,581        —          75,319        5,012        —          80,331        20,403        —          100,734   

Obligations with agreements to repurchase

    757        (1,736     —          (979     216        —          (763     (205     —          (968

Personnel provisions

    5,213        1,162        —          6,375        (345     —          6,030        3,567        —          9,597   

Staff vacations

    3,637        421        —          4,058        321        —          4,379        1,110        —          5,489   

Accrued interest and indexation adjustments from past due loans

    1,573        550        —          2,123        290        —          2,413        1,325        —          3,738   

Staff severance indemnities provision

    1,179        665        —          1,844        (22     33        1,855        386        103        2,344   

Provisions of credit card expenses

    4,326        368        —          4,694        1,799        —          6,493        4,144        —          10,637   

Provisions of accrued expenses

    4,686        2,696        —          7,382        349        —          7,731        3,735        —          11,466   

Other adjustments

    (4,354     (351     —          (4,705     4,268        —          (437     4,446        —          4,009   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total debit differences

    77,755        18,356        —          96,111        11,888        33        108,032        38,911        103        147,046   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Credit differences:

                   

Investments with agreement to repurchase

    2,111        (1,986     —          125        —          —          125        —          —          125   

Depreciation of property and equipment and investment properties

    14,196        1,227        —          15,423        (987     —          14,436        (132     —          14,304   

Deferred taxes, modification of accounting method in equity

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Adjustment for valuation financial assets available-for-sale

    (373     —          5,994        5,621        —          2,644        8,265        —          3,045        11,310   

Hedge cash adjustment

    (90     —          349        259        —          —          259        —          —          259   

Leasing equipment

    (12,320     16,038        —          3,718        3,688        —          7,406        (5,508     —          1,898   

Transitory assets

    2,680        924        —          3,604        290        —          3,894        (261     —          3,633   

Derivative instruments adjustments

    (295     (1,505     —          (1,800     4,248        —          2,448        3,535        —          5,983   

Assets received in lieu of payments

    708        578        —          1,286        —          —          1,286        (2,720     —          (1,434

Accrued interest to effective rate

    1,058        (17     —          1,041        —          —          1,041        1,262        —          2,303   

Intangible assets amortization

    6,587        (961     —          5,626        248        —          5,874        1,267        —          7,141   

Other adjustments

    3,468        1,939        —          5,407        1,170        —          6,577        707        —          7,284   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total credit differences

    17,730        16,237        6,343        40,310        8,657        2,644        51,611        (1,850     3,045        52,806   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets (Liabilities) net

    60,025        2,119        (6,343     55,801        3,231        (2,611     56,421        40,761        (2,942     94,240   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-80


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

18. Other Assets:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, other assets are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Mutual funds

     66,213         255,013   

Cash deposit guarantee

     60,309         143,379   

Documents intermediated (*)

     74,366         23,049   

Assets held for leasing (**)

     74,723         87,100   

Other accounts and notes receivable

     8,682         13,715   

Assets received or awarded as payment (***):

     

Assets received in lieu of payment

     19,032         6,477   

Provisions for assets received in lieu of payment

     (46      (583

Recoverable income taxes

     6,048         8,356   

Prepaid expenses

     6,589         6,240   

Commissions receivable

     7,784         4,931   

Transactions in progress (****)

     1,803         2,733   

Rental guarantees

     1,456         1,617   

Accounts receivable for sale of assets received in lieu of payment

     1,286         769   

Recovered leased assets for sale

     5,463         692   

Other

     40,279         33,067   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     373,987         586,555   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Documents intermediated refers to securities lending agreements managed by the Bank’s subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.
(**) These correspond to property and equipment to be given under a finance lease.
(***) Assets received in lieu of payment are valued at fair value, which is calculated considering the lesser between appraised value and value of award, less cost of sell.
(****) Transactions in progress includes transactions in the normal course of operations of the Bank, which for different reasons could not be input into their final accounts (salary advances for personnel, pending transactions cash, etc.)

 

F-81


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

19. Current Accounts and Other Demand Deposits:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, current accounts and other demand deposits are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Current accounts

     5,018,155         5,786,805   

Other demand deposits

     593,444         680,791   

Other demand deposits and accounts

     372,733         466,777   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     5,984,332         6,934,373   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

20. Saving Accounts and Time Deposits:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, saving accounts and time deposits are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Time deposits

     10,151,612         9,450,224   

Term savings accounts

     178,012         188,311   

Other term balances payable

     73,101         82,711   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     10,402,725         9,721,246   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-82


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

21. Borrowings from Financial Institutions:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, borrowings from financial institutions are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Domestic banks

     

Interbank loans

     —           —     

Current account overdrafts

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign banks

     

Foreign trade financing

     

Chilean export financing

     685,255         996,092   

Chilean import financing

     22,784         24,074   

Obligations for transactions between other countries

     94,327         48,037   

Borrowings and other obligations

     

Short-term borrowings

     —           —     

Current account overdrafts

     55,440         15,339   

Long-term borrowings

     131,649         15,165   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     989,455         1,098,707   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Chilean Central Bank

     

Borrowings and other obligations

     —           —     

Debt reprogramming credit lines

     10         9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     10         9   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     989,465         1,098,716   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-83


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

22. Debt Issued:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, Debt issued is detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Mortgage bonds

     86,491         64,314   

Bonds

     3,533,462         4,223,047   

Subordinated bonds

     747,007         770,595   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     4,366,960         5,057,956   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the period ended as of December 31, 2014, Banco de Chile issued bonds by an amount of MCh$1,826,552, of which corresponds to Unsubordinated bonds, commercial papers by an amount of MCh$736,212 and MCh$1,090,340 respectively, according to the following details:

Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$      Term
(years)
   Interest
rate %
     Currency    Issued date      Maturity
date
 

BCHIAJ0413

     72,444       7      3.40       UF      01/27/2014         01/27/2021   

BCHIAH0513

     47,861       5      3.40       UF      01/27/2014         01/27/2019   

BCHIAL0213

     96,796       8      3.60       UF      02/10/2014         02/10/2022   

BONO CHF

     95,198       2      3M Libor + 0.75       CHF      02/28/2014         02/28/2016   

BONO CHF

     79,332       5      1.25       CHF      02/28/2014         02/28/2019   

BONO JPY

     11,226       5      0.98       JPY      03/18/2014         03/18/2019   

BCHIUN1011

     7,314       7      3.20       UF      04/16/2014         04/16/2021   

BONO HKD

     43,044       6      3.08       HKD      04/16/2014         04/16/2020   

BCHIUN1011

     12,224       7      3.20       UF      04/22/2014         04/22/2021   

BCHIAA0212

     49,986       14      3.50       UF      04/29/2014         04/29/2028   

BONO JPY

     27,383       8      1.01       JPY      04/29/2014         04/29/2022   

BCHIAA0212

     26,110       14      3.50       UF      07/22/2014         07/22/2028   

BCHIAY0213

     79,979       14      3.60       UF      07/31/2014         07/31/2028   

BONO JPY

     28,133       6      0.55       JPY      08/06/2014         08/06/2020   

BCHIAI0213

     50,481       6      3.40       UF      08/12/2014         08/12/2020   

BCHIAI0213

     2,813       6      3.40       UF      09/15/2014         09/15/2020   

BCHIAI0213

     1,022       6      3.40       UF      09/16/2014         09/16/2020   

BCHIAI0213

     1,664       6      3.40       UF      09/24/2014         09/24/2020   

BCHIAI0213

     3,202       6      3.40       UF      10/02/2014         10/02/2020   
  

 

 

                

Total as of December, 2014

     736,212                  
  

 

 

                

 

F-84


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

22. Debt Issued, continued:

 

Commercial Papers

 

Counterparty

   MCh$      Interest rate %    Currency    Issued date      Maturity date  

Citibank N.A.

     10,888       0.30    USD      01/21/2014         04/22/2014   

Goldman Sachs

     27,220       0.30    USD      01/21/2014         04/22/2014   

Merrill Lynch

     10,888       0.30    USD      01/21/2014         04/22/2014   

Citibank N.A.

     2,712       0.30    USD      01/22/2014         05/14/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     13,558       0.30    USD      01/22/2014         05/14/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     27,117       0.30    USD      01/22/2014         05/14/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     22,384       0.30    USD      02/05/2014         05/06/2014   

Citibank N.A.

     11,192       0.30    USD      02/05/2014         05/06/2014   

Merrill Lynch

     11,192       0.30    USD      02/05/2014         05/06/2014   

Goldman Sachs

     11,192       0.30    USD      02/05/2014         05/06/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     3,910       0.50    USD      03/06/2014         03/06/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     55,121       0.25    USD      05/14/2014         08/12/2014   

Goldman Sachs

     11,024       0.23    USD      05/28/2014         09/02/2014   

Merrill Lynch

     11,024       0.23    USD      05/28/2014         09/02/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     27,453       0.27    USD      05/29/2014         09/03/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     54,984       0.30    USD      05/30/2014         09/03/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     21,994       0.38    USD      05/30/2014         09/26/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     27,658       0.29    USD      06/04/2014         09/10/2014   

Merrill Lynch

     13,829       0.50    USD      06/04/2014         03/06/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     27,710       0.31    USD      06/10/2014         09/15/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     3,329       0.65    USD      06/11/2014         06/10/2015   

Merrill Lynch

     5,526       0.50    USD      06/23/2014         03/20/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     11,067       0.30    USD      07/08/2014         10/08/2014   

Goldman Sachs

     27,669       0.30    USD      07/08/2014         10/08/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     55,337       0.30    USD      07/08/2014         09/26/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     33,263       0.52    USD      07/11/2014         04/06/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     17,284       0.28    USD      08/12/2014         11/12/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     15,556       0.64    USD      08/12/2014         08/06/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     20,155       0.30    USD      08/13/2014         12/11/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     58,860       0.31    USD      09/03/2014         12/03/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     52,974       0.35    USD      09/03/2014         01/12/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     29,529       0.31    USD      09/10/2014         12/09/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     29,812       0.31    USD      09/15/2014         12/15/2014   

JP Morgan Chase

     59,860       0.31    USD      09/26/2014         12/23/2014   

Wells Fargo Bank

     23,944       0.31    USD      09/26/2014         12/29/2014   

Goldman Sachs

     29,650       0.31    USD      10/08/2014         01/09/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     11,860       0.31    USD      10/08/2014         01/09/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     17,815       0.32    USD      11/12/2014         02/10/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     47,664       0.35    USD      12/03/2014         03/03/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     13,366       0.58    USD      12/03/2014         08/28/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     30,690       0.35    USD      12/09/2014         03/09/2015   

JP Morgan Chase

     35,928       0.35    USD      12/15/2014         03/16/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     16,693       0.40    USD      12/15/2014         04/13/2015   

Wells Fargo Bank

     15,177       0.58    USD      12/29/2014         08/26/2016   

Wells Fargo Bank

     24,282       0.33    USD      12/29/2014         03/30/2015   
  

 

 

             

Total as of December, 2014

     1,090,340               
  

 

 

             

 

F-85


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

22. Debt Issued, continued:

 

Subordinated Bonds

As of December 31, 2014 the Bank has no issued subordinated bonds.

During the period ended as of December 31, 2013, Banco de Chile issued bonds in an amount of MCh$1,607,265, of which corresponds to Bonds, Commercial Papers and Subordinated bonds in amounts of MCh$1,093,749, MCh$509,920 and MCh$3,596, respectively, according to the following details:

Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$      Term
(years)
   Interest
rate %
     Currency    Issued date      Maturity
date
 

BCHIUR1011

     22,114       12      3.40       UF      01/08/2013         01/08/2025   

BCHIUR1011

     8,521       12      3.40       UF      01/09/2013         01/09/2025   

BCHIUJ0811

     1,572       8      3.20       UF      01/29/2013         01/29/2021   

BCHIUZ1011

     89,313       7      3.20       UF      01/31/2013         01/31/2020   

BCHIAC1011

     45,456       15      3.50       UF      02/28/2013         02/28/2028   

BCHIAC1011

     34,185       15      3.50       UF      03/26/2013         03/26/2028   

BCHIUN1011

     72,022       7      3.20       UF      04/08/2013         04/08/2020   

BCHIUU0212

     68,379       12      3.40       UF      08/29/2013         08/29/2025   

BCHIAU0213

     69,746       12      3.60       UF      09/11/2013         09/11/2025   

BCHIAG0213

     46,585       5      3.40       UF      09/13/2013         09/13/2018   

BCHIAV0613

     47,283       12      3.60       UF      10/16/2013         09/13/2025   

BONO HKD

     43,066       10      3.23       HKD      04/22/2013         04/24/2023   

BONO HKD

     45,133       15      4.25       HKD      10/08/2013         10/16/2028   

BONO CHF

     100,371       5      1.13       CHF      04/26/2013         05/23/2018   

BONO CHF

     25,019       5      1.13       CHF      05/07/2013         05/23/2018   

BONO CHF

     122,380       3      0.60       CHF      06/11/2013         07/18/2016   

BONO CHF

     66,164       4      1.13       CHF      06/28/2013         05/23/2017   

BONO CHF

     98,555       6      1.50       CHF      11/07/2013         12/03/2019   

BONO JPY

     57,716       3      0.74       JPY      11/25/2013         11/25/2016   

BONO JPY

     30,169       6      1.03       JPY      12/05/2013         03/18/2019   
  

 

 

                

Total as of December, 2013

     1,093,749                  
  

 

 

                

 

F-86


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

22. Debt Issued, continued:

 

Commercial Papers

 

Counterparty

   MCh$      Interest rate %    Currency    Issued date      Maturity date  

WELLS FARGO BANK

     18,849       0.38    USD      01/07/2013         04/05/2013   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     4,712       0.38    USD      01/07/2013         04/05/2013   

GOLDMAN SACHS

     4,712       0.36    USD      01/07/2013         04/08/2013   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     9,427       0.38    USD      01/09/2013         04/08/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     28,503       0.35    USD      01/15/2013         04/22/2013   

MERRYL LYNCH

     14,130       0.33    USD      01/22/2013         04/22/2013   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     23,543       0.33    USD      02/14/2013         05/15/2013   

JP.MORGAN CHASE

     9,417       0.33    USD      02/14/2013         05/15/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     9,417       0.33    USD      02/14/2013         05/15/2013   

GOLDMAN SACHS

     9,417       0.32    USD      02/14/2013         05/15/2013   

GOLDMAN SACHS

     28,304       0.32    USD      03/15/2013         06/14/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     9,199       0.32    USD      03/15/2013         06/14/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     9,444       0.32    USD      04/02/2013         06/28/2013   

GOLDMAN SACHS

     9,444       0.33    USD      04/02/2013         07/02/2013   

JP.MORGAN CHASE

     9,444       0.33    USD      04/02/2013         07/02/2013   

MERRYL LYNCH

     9,444       0.33    USD      04/02/2013         07/02/2013   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     9,444       0.33    USD      04/02/2013         07/02/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     23,448       0.31    USD      04/05/2013         06/28/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     14,013       0.26    USD      04/09/2013         06/07/2013   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     4,979       0.65    USD      07/17/2013         07/11/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     25,505       0.35    USD      09/03/2013         03/03/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     12,549       0.30    USD      09/17/2013         12/17/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     37,646       0.30    USD      09/17/2013         12/17/2013   

CITIBANK N.A.

     15,037       0.33    USD      09/25/2013         01/22/2014   

MERRYL LYNCH

     10,024       0.33    USD      09/25/2013         01/21/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     15,037       0.33    USD      09/25/2013         01/22/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     10,024       0.33    USD      09/25/2013         01/22/2014   

GOLDMAN SACHS

     24,844       0.30    USD      10/18/2013         01/21/2014   

CITIBANK N.A.

     9,937       0.30    USD      10/18/2013         01/21/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     26,633       0.35    USD      12/02/2013         03/03/2014   

CITIBANK N.A.

     10,653       0.30    USD      12/02/2013         03/04/2014   

WELLS FARGO BANK

     13,186       0.30    USD      12/17/2013         03/17/2014   

CITIBANK N.A.

     39,555       0.31    USD      12/17/2013         03/20/2014   
  

 

 

             

Total

     509,920               
  

 

 

             

Subordinated Bonds

 

Series

   MCh$      Term
(years)
   Interest
rate %
   Currency    Issued date      Maturity
date
 

UCHI-G1111

     3,596       25    3,75    UF      01/25/2013         01/25/2038   
  

 

 

                

Total

     3,596                  
  

 

 

                

The Bank has not had breaches of capital and interest with respect to its debts instruments and has complied with its debt covenants and other compromises related to debt issued during the periods of 2013 and 2014.

 

F-87


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

23. Other Financial Obligations:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, other financial institutions are detailed as follows:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Other Chilean obligations

     160,612         141,729   

Public sector obligations

     50,314         44,844   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     210,926         186,573   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-88


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

24. Provisions:

 

  (a) As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, provisions are detailed as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Provision for minimum dividends

     154,081         177,324   

Other provisions for contingencies

     569         8,319   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     154,650         185,643   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) The following table details the changes in provisions during 2013 and 2014:

 

     Minimum
dividends
     Other
contingencies
     Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Balances as of January 1, 2012

     128,642         2,702         131,344   

Provisions established

     139,755         229         139,984   

Provisions used

     (128,642      (223      (128,865

Provisions released

     —           (624      (624

Other movements

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2012

     139,755         2,084         141,839   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2013

     139,755         2,084         141,839   

Provisions established

     154,081         230         154,311   

Provisions used

     (139,755      (369      (140,124

Provisions released

     —           (1,376      (1,376

Other movements

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2013

     154,081         569         154,650   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of January 1, 2014

     154,081         569         154,650   

Provisions established

     177,324         7,980         185,304   

Provisions used

     (154,081      (230      (154,311

Provisions released

     —           —           —     

Other movements

     —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31, 2014

     177,324         8,319         185,643   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-89


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

25. Employee Benefits:

 

  (a) Provisions for personnel benefits and payroll:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Short-term personnel benefits (c)

     32,000         29,678   

Vacation accrual (d)

     21,895         23,727   

Employee defined benefit plan (b)(*)

     10,696         11,471   

Other Benefits

     3,353         16,639   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     67,944         81,515   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) See note No. 2 (ac) (iii)

 

  (b) Pension plan – Defined benefit plan:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Current service cost

     288         580   

Interest cost on benefit obligation

     505         440   

Actuarial gains and losses

     166         399   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net benefit expense

     959         1,419   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The net benefit expense is recognized under “Personnel Expenses” (Note 34).

The principal assumptions used in determining pension obligations for the Bank’s plan are shown below:

 

     December 31,      December 31,  
     2013      2014  
     %      %  

Discount rate

     5.19         4.38   

Annual salary increase

     5.19         5.12   

Payment probability

     99.99         99.99   

The most recent actuarial valuation of the present value of the benefit plan obligation was carried out at December 31, 2014.

 

F-90


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

25. Employee Benefits, continued

 

  (b) Pension plan – Defined benefit plan, continued:

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation are as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Opening defined benefit obligation, January 1,

     10,633         10,696   

Contributions by the employer

     793         1,020   

Benefits paid

     (896      (644

Prepayments

     —           —     

Actuarial gains and losses

     166         399   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Closing defined benefit obligation

     10,696         11,471   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (c) The following table details the changes in provisions for incentive plans during 2013 and 2014:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Balances as of January 1,

     29,649         32,000   

Provisions established

     29,420         26,971   

Provisions used

     (27,069      (29,293

Provisions released

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31,

     32,000         29,678   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (d) The following table details the changes in provisions for vacation during 2013 and 2014:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Balances as of January 1,

     20,842         21,895   

Provisions established

     5,234         6,268   

Provisions used

     (4,181      (4,436

Provisions released

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balances as of December 31,

     21,895         23,727   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-91


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

25. Employee Benefits, continued

 

  (e) Provisions for share-based employee benefits:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries do not have a stock compensation plan.

 

26. Other Liabilities:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, other liabilities are detailed as follows:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Accounts and notes payable (*)

     100,081         120,676   

Documents intermediated

     108,380         45,580   

Financial guarantees

     17,613         19,362   

Leasing deferred gains

     4,207         6,003   

Deferred income

     4,592         5,946   

VAT payable

     3,200         3,874   

Pending transactions

     1,144         1,391   

Insurance payments

     476         284   

Other

     36,069         52,879   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     275,762         255,995   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) This item includes obligations that fall outside the Bank’s line of business such as withholding taxes, social security payments, insurance payable, and balances from material purchases and provisions for expenses pending payment.

 

F-92


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Contingencies and Commitments:

 

  (a) Commitments accounted for in off-balance-sheet accounts:

In order to satisfy its customers’ needs, the Bank entered into several irrevocable commitments and contingent obligations. Although these obligations are not recognized in the Statement of Financial Position, they entail credit risks and, therefore, form part of the Bank’s overall risk.

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Off-balance-sheet accounts

     

Guarantees and surety bonds (See letter b)

     491,465         412,474   

Confirmed foreign letters of credit

     68,631         136,846   

Issued foreign letters of credit

     166,849         152,582   

Bank guarantees (See letter b)

     1,402,399         1,576,763   

Immediately available credit lines

     5,436,938         6,084,098   

Other commitments

     —           14,434   

Transactions on behalf of third parties

     

Collections

     357,672         305,384   

Third-party resources managed by the Bank:

     

Financial assets managed on behalf of third parties

     1,311         13,153   

Other assets managed on behalf of third parties

     —           —     

Financial assets acquired on its own behalf

     44,839         67,834   

Fiduciary activities

     

Securities held in safe custody in the Bank

     7,342,425         7,488,897   

Securities held in safe custody in other entities

     4,501,555         4,865,570   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     19,814,084         21,118,035   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) Financial Guarantees

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the expiration of financial guarantees per period is as follows:

 

     2013  
     Due within
1 year
     Due after
1 year but
within
3 years
     Due after
3 years but
within
5 years
     Due after
5 years
     Total  

Performance bonds

     1,008,922         273,125         108,517         11,835         1,402,399   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     320,385         161,003         8,207         1,870         491,465   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,329,306         434,128         116,724         13,705         1,893,864   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     2014  
     Due within
1 year
     Due after
1 year but
within
3 years
     Due after
3 years but
within
5 years
     Due after
5 years
     Total  

Performance bonds

     1,138,865         368,884         63,307         5,707         1,576,763   

Foreign office guarantees and standby letters of credit

     281,162         126,170         3,123         2,019         412,474   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,420,027         495,054         66,430         7,726         1,989,237   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-93


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

  (c) Lawsuits and legal proceedings:

 

  (c.1) Legal contingencies within the ordinary course of business:

At the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, there are actions filed against the Bank and its subsidiaries related to the ordinary course operations. Among these actions, there is a collective action filed by the National Consumer Service (Servicio Nacional del Consumidor) in accordance with Law No. 19,496. This action seeks to challenge some clauses of the “Person Products Unified Agreement” (Contrato Unificado de Productos de Personas) regarding fees on credit lines for overdraft and validity of the tacit consent to changes in fees, charges and other conditions in consumer contracts. In regards to the same matter, there is a collective action filed by the National Corporation of Consumers and Users of Chile (Corporación Nacional de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile) that challenge some clauses of the “Person Products Unified Agreement” (Contrato Unificado de Productos de Personas) regarding fees on credit lines for overdraft and validity of the tacit consent to changes in fees, charges and other conditions in consumer contracts, along with the outsourcing of certain services related to our clients’ current account data. In addition, there is a collective action filed by the National Organization of Consumers and Users of Chile (“Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios de Chile”) that requests the Court to declare abusive and void certain provisions of the Person Products Unified Agreement regarding the use of self-service channels (internet, ATMs, telephone banking) and Credit Cards. Such provisions refer to the user’s duty to act with diligence and care with respect to passwords as well as the responsibility they have in case of disclosure to third parties, and the use by such third parties of them. In this claim, among other considerations the plaintiff argues that in case of phishing, pharming and similar frauds, in which third parties use client password and appropiate client’s funds without consent, banks and not client’s should be affected by the fraud.

With respect to these legal contingencies, at the date of these consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of the Bank’s management it is not possible to reasonably quantify any adverse effects of a potential judgment to those recognized in these financial statements.

Except for the above, the Bank’s management believes, based on information currently available, that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings are not likely to have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

As of December 31, 2014, the Bank has established provisions for this concept in the amount of MCh$8,073 (MCh$339 in 2013), recorded within “Provisions” in the statement of financial position. The following table presents the estimated date of completion of the respective litigation:

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     2015      2016      2017      2018      2019      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Legal contingencies

     7,395         433         95         150         —           8,073   

 

  (c.2) Contingencies for significant lawsuits:

As of December 31, 2013 and 2014, the Bank is not party to any significant lawsuits that affects or that may affect these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-94


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

  (d) Guarantees granted:

 

  (i) In subsidiary Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.:

In compliance with article 226 and subsequent articles of Law 18,045, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., has designated Banco de Chile as the representative of the beneficiaries of the guarantees it has established and in that character the Bank has issued bank guarantees totaling UF 2,458,000, maturing January 9, 2015 (UF 2,515,000 maturing January 9, 2014 in December 2013).

In addition to these guarantees for creating mutual funds, there are other guarantees for a guaranteed capital on certain mutual funds, totaling Ch$35,861 million as of December 31, 2014 (Ch$75,474 million in 2013).

 

     2013      2014  
Fund    MCh$      MCh$  

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus IV

     16,325         —     

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus

     14,241         —     

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus III

     12,937         —     

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus II

     9,308         —     

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus V

     —           9,976   

Mutual Fund Deposito Plus VI

     —           5,429   

Mutual Fund Small Cap USA

     5,197         5,197   

Mutual Fund Chile Bursátil

     5,050         5,050   

Mutual Fund Twin Win Europa 103

     3,537         3,537   

Mutual Fund Global Stocks

     2,964         2,964   

Mutual Fund Second Best Chile USA

     2,207         —     

Mutual Fund Europa Accionario

     2,059         2,059   

Mutual Fund Second Best Europa China

     1,649         1,649   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     75,474         35,861   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In compliance with the rules established by the Superintendence of Securities and Insurance in letter f) of Circular 1,894 of September 24, 2008, the entity has constituted guarantees, by management portfolio, in benefit of investors. Such guarantee corresponds to a bank guarantee for UF100,000, with a maturity date of January 9, 2015.

 

F-95


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

  (d) Guarantees granted, continued:

 

  (ii) In subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.:

For the purposes of ensuring correct and complete compliance with all of its obligations as a broker-dealer entity, in conformity with the provisions of article 30 and subsequent articles of Law 18,045 on Securities Markets, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. established a guarantee in an insurance policy for UF 20,000, insured by Mapfre Seguros Generales S.A., maturing on April 22, 2016, whereby the Securities Exchange of the Santiago Stock Exchange was appointed as the subsidiary’s creditors to representative.

The Bank has given the following guarantees in relation to this subsidiary’s business activities:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Guarantees:

     

Shares to secure short-sale transactions in:

     

Securities Exchange of the Santiago Stock Exchange

     16,946         17,158   

Securities Exchange of the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile

     10,644         8,748   

Fixed income securities to ensure system CCLV, Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, Bolsa de Valores

     2,995         2,996   

Fixed income securities to ensure stock loan, Bolsa Eléctronica de Chile, Bolsa de Valores

     68         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     30,653         28,902   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

In conformity with the provisions of internal stock market regulations, and for the purpose of securing the broker’s correct performance, the company established a pledge on its shares on the Santiago Stock Exchange in favor of that institution, as recorded in Public Deed on September 13, 1990, signed before Santiago public notary Mr. Raúl Perry Pefaur, and of its shares in the Electronic Stock Exchange of Chile in favor of that institution, as recorded in a contract entered into by both parties on May 16, 1990.

Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. keeps an insurance policy current with AIG Chile – Compañía de Seguros Generales S.A. that expires January 2, 2015, and that covers employee fidelity, physical losses, falsification or adulteration, and currency fraud with a coverage amount equivalent to U.S.$10,000,000.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

27. Contingencies and Commitments, continued:

 

  (d) Guarantees granted, continued:

 

  (ii) In subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A., continued:

According to the Chilean Central Bank, it provided a bank guarantee of UF10,500 for the purposes of complying with the contract Contract for Service System Open Market Operations (SOMA) of the Chilean Central Bank. This bank guarantee is revaluated in UF to fixed term, is not endorsable and has a maturity date of July 17, 2015.

It also provided a bank guarantee No. 356114-4 in the amount of UF210,000 for the benefits of investors in portfolio management contracts. This bank guarantee is revaluated in UF to fixed term, is not endorsable and has a maturity date of January 9, 2015.

It also provided a cash guarantee in the amount of U.S.$122,494.32 for the purpose of complying with the obligations to Pershing, for any operations conducted through that broker.

 

  (iii) In subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda.

According to article No. 58, letter D of D.F.L. 251, as of December 31, 2014, the entity maintains two insurance policies that protect it against potential damages caused by infractions of the law, regulations and complementary rules that regulate insurance brokers. These insurance policies relate especially to non-compliance on the basis of acts, mistakes or omissions of brokers, representatives, agents or dependents of Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

The policies contracted are the following:

 

Matter insured    Amount Insured (UF)  

Responsibility for errors and omissions policy

     60,000   

Civil responsibility policy

     500   

 

  (e) In the Eleventh Civil Court of Santiago, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. filed a reclamation against the Resolución Exenta No. 270 of October 30, 2014 of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (“SVS”), whereby that Superintendency imposed a fine to Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. (“Banchile Corredores”) for an amount of UF 50,000 for the alleged infringement of Article 53 second paragraph of Law 18,045 (“Ley de Mercado de Valores”), for certain specific transactions related to Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A.’s shares (SQM-A). Through the claim Banchile Corredores seeks to void the fine. As a requirement to file the claim, Banchile credited (consignó) 25% of the amount of the fine.

According to the current policies, the company has not established provisions because this judicial process has not been ruled yet and also because our legal advisors have estimated that there are grounds to get a favorable judgement for Banchile Corredores.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Equity:

 

  (a) Authorized, subscribed and paid shares:

As of December 31, 2014, the paid-in capital of Banco de Chile is represented by 94,655,367,544 equal registered shares (93,175,043,991 in 2013), with no par value, subscribed and fully paid.

 

  (b) Capital increase:

On October 17, 2012, institutions at the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting agreed to increase the Bank’s capital in the amount of Ch$250,000,000,000 by means of the issuance of 3,939,489,442 cash shares, designated “Banco de Chile-T” series, with that same rights as all other ordinary Banco de Chile shares, with the exception that they will not allow its shareholders to receive dividends and/or fully paid-in shares with respect to our net distributable earnings for fiscal year 2012. Once these dividends and/or fully paid-in shares are distributed and paid, the “Banco de Chile-T” shares will be automatically converted into “Banco de Chile” shares.

 

  (c) Shares:

 

  (c.1) On June 26, 2014, Banco de Chile informed of the capitalization of 30% of the distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2013, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, of no par value, agreed in the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held on March 27, 2014, to increase the Bank´s capital in the amount of Ch$95,569,688,582 through the issuance of 1,480,323,553 fully paid-in shares, of no par value, payable under the distributable net income for the year 2013 that was not distributed as dividends as agreed at the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting held on the same day.

The issuance of fully paid-in shares was registered in the Securities Register of the Superintendence of Banks and Financial Institutions with No. 3/2014, on June 19, 2014.

The Board of Directors of Banco de Chile, at meeting No. 2,798, held on June 26, 2014, set July 10, 2014, as the date for issuance and distribution of the fully paid in shares.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Equity, continued:

 

  (c) Shares, continued:

 

  (c.2) The following table shows the share movements from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2014:

 

            Ordinary T         
     Ordinary shares      Series shares (*)      Total shares  

Total shares as of December 31, 2012

     88,037,813,511         1,861,179,156         89,898,992,667   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Shares subscribed and paid period 2013

     —           2,078,310,286         2,078,310,286   

Conversion of “Banco de Chile- T” shares into “Banco de Chile” shares

     3,939,489,442         (3,939,489,442      —     

Capitalization of retained earnings(**)

     1,197,741,038         —           1,197,741,038   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shares as of December 31, 2013

     93,175,043,991         —           93,175,043,991   

Capitalization of retained earnings(***)

     1,480,323,553         —           1,480,323,553   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shares as of December 31, 2014

     94,655,367,544         —           94,655,367,544   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Capital increase as of October 17, 2012.
(**) Capitalization of May 13, 2013
(***) Capitalization of June 26, 2014

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Equity, continued:

 

  (d) Shareholders’ composition:

As of December 31, 2013, the shareholder composition was as follows:

 

Corporate Name or Shareholder’s Name

   Shares      % of
Equity
Holding
 

LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.

     30,353,093,809         32.58   

Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada SAOS S.A.

     28,593,701,789         30.69   

Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. SM-Chile S.A.

     12,138,543,602         13.03   

Other minority shareholders

     22,089,704,791         23.70   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     93,175,043,991         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, the shareholder composition was as follows:

 

Corporate Name or Shareholder’s Name

   Shares      % of
Equity
Holding
 

Sociedad Administradora de la Obligación Subordinada SAOS S.A.

     28,593,701,789         30.21   

LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.

     24,332,365,224         25.71   

Sociedad Matriz del Banco de Chile S.A. SM-Chile S.A.

     12,138,549,725         12.82   

Other minority shareholders

     29,590,750,806         31.26   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     94,655,367,544         100.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Equity, continued:

 

  (e) Approval and payment of dividends:

At the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 21, 2013, the Bank’s shareholders agreed to distribute and pay dividend No. 201 amounting to Ch$3.41625263165 per common share of Banco de Chile, with charge to net income for the year ended December 31, 2012. The amount of dividend paid for the period 2013 was Ch$343,455 million.

At the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 27, 2014, the Bank’s shareholders agreed the distribution and payment of the dividend No. 202 amounting to Ch$3.48356970828 per common share of Banco de Chile, with charge to net income for the year ended December 31, 2013. The amount of dividend paid for the period 2014 was Ch$368,120 million.

The following dividends were declared and paid by the Bank for the year ended as of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Dividends on ordinary shares:

     296,802         343,455         368,120   

Dividends per ordinary share (1):

   Ch$ 3.41       Ch$ 3.90       Ch$ 3.98 (*) 

 

(1) Dividends per share are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous year’s number of shares outstanding.
(*) This dividend per share is composed of the dividend paid to the Central Bank and common shareholders in the amounts of MCh$145,123 and MCh$222,997, respectively. The Central Bank has 29,161.4 million shares with a payment of Ch$4.976528 per common share of Banco de Chile and for common shareholders the number of shares are 64,013.6 million with a payment of Ch$3.4835697 per common share of Banco de Chile.

 

  (f) Provision for minimum dividends:

Chilean Corporations Law mandates a minimum distribution of 30% of distributable income. Accordingly, the Bank recorded a liability under the line item “Provisions” for an amount of MCh$177,324 (MCh$154,081 in December 31, 2013) against “Retained earnings”.

 

  (g) Other comprehensive income:

The cumulative translation adjustment is generated from the Bank’s translation of its investments in foreign companies, as it records the effects of foreign currency translation for these items in equity. For the year ended December31, 2014, this recorded a credit to equity in an amount of Ch$80 million (a credit to equity for Ch$71 millions in 2013).

In accordance with Note 2(x), the fair market value adjustment for available-for-sale instruments is generated by fluctuations in the fair value of that portfolio, with a charge or credit to equity, net of deferred taxes (see Note 12). For the year ended 2014, there was a net credit to equity in an amount of Ch$4,486 million (a net credit to equity for Ch$11,614 millions in 2013).

Cash flow hedge adjustment consists of the portion of income of hedge instruments registered in equity produced in a cash flow hedge. For the year ended December31, 2014, there was a credit to equity in an amount of Ch$23,507 million (a charge to equity for Ch$14,455 millions for the period 2013).

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

28. Equity, continued:

 

  (h) Earnings per share:

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the Bank by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.

The following table shows the income and share data used in the calculation of EPS:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2012      2013      2014  

Basic and diluted earnings per share:

        

Net profits attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Bank

     479,880         550,188         595,518   

Weighted average number of ordinary shares(*)

     90,827,882,969         94,471,771,834         94,655,367,544   

Earnings per share

     5.28         5.82         6.29   

 

(*) 

During 2012, 2013 and 2014, the Bank capitalized 1,095,298,538; 1,197,741,038 and 1,480,323,553 shares respectively, which are considered in the earnings per share calculation as if they had been outstanding during all periods presented.

During the periods presented the Bank did not have any instruments that could lead to a dilution of its ordinary shares.

There have been no transactions involving ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares between the reporting date and the date of the completion of these financial statements.

 

29. Interest Revenue and Expenses:

 

  (a) As of each year end, interest revenue is detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Commercial loans

     790,696         833,163         964,070   

Consumer loans

     522,907         567,987         573,902   

Residential mortgage loans

     266,625         288,890         497,258   

Financial investments

     76,576         85,124         84,725   

Repurchase agreements

     12,553         2,496         9,309   

Loans and advances to banks

     12,993         15,728         18,938   

Loss from accounting hedges

     (11,296      (29,097      (106,496

Other interest revenue

     1,712         1,651         3,898   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     1,672,766         1,765,942         2,045,604   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2014, interest recorded in income from impaired loans amounted to Ch$65,707 million (Ch$58,488 million as of December 31,2013).

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

29. Interest Revenue and Expenses, continued:

 

  (b) As of each year end, interest expenses are detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Savings accounts and time deposits

     496,985         482,600         434,882   

Debt issued

     170,222         199,330         344,326   

Other financial obligations

     3,078         2,814         3,873   

Repurchase agreements

     14,986         13,149         9,581   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     22,308         13,791         7,166   

Loss from accounting hedges

     (3,003      (10,565      (20,826

Demand deposits

     3,946         3,153         8,643   

Other interest expenses

     107         99         1,143   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     708,629         704,371         788,788   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (c) As of each year end, loss from accounting hedge is the following:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Cash Flow hedge

     (2,318      (51,795      (9,659

Fair value hedge

     (5,975      33,263         (76,011
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     (8,293      (18,532      (85,670
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

30. Income and Expenses from Fees and Commissions:

The income and expenses for fees and commissions shown in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income refers to the following items:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Income from fees and commissions

        

Card services

     104,007         108,851         110,984   

Investments in mutual funds and other

     56,043         54,833         65,199   

Collections and payments

     49,333         51,588         49,374   

Portfolio management

     31,446         35,920         37,719   

Lines of credit and overdrafts

     22,892         22,206         20,844   

Use distribution channel

     26,950         27,252         19,931   

Insurance brokerage

     17,404         18,840         19,674   

Guarantees and letter of credit

     14,454         17,611         19,148   

Trading and securities management

     16,892         17,526         15,527   

Financial advisory services

     3,955         4,054         6,081   

Other fees earned

     29,391         28,051         22,971   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total income from fees and commissions

     372,767         386,732         387,452   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Expenses from fees and commissions

        

Credit card transactions

     (62,020      (75,083      (88,480

Fees for interbank transactions

     (8,150      (9,808      (11,779

Fees for collections and payments

     (6,534      (6,658      (6,423

Sale of mutual fund units

     (2,488      (2,318      (3,379

Fees for securities transactions

     (2,994      (3,103      (2,851

Sales force fees

     (1,948      (2,007      (1,885

Other fees

     (1,361      (662      (467
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses from fees and commissions

     (85,495      (99,639      (115,264
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

31. Net Financial Operating Income:

The gain (losses) from trading and brokerage activities is detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Interest accrued on trading securities

     8,467         17,668         16,500   

Gains (losses) from mark to market

     564         6,916         3,420   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets held-for-trading

     9,031         24,584         19,920   

Sale of available-for-sale instruments

     8,088         14,881         18,102   

Net loss of other transactions (*)

     2,567         (1,089      (38

Derivative instruments

     (3,633      (6,018      (3,773

Sale of loan portfolio

     146         314         993   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     16,199         32,672         35,204   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Includes hedge ineffectiveness recognized in income statement for an amount of MCh$15

 

32. Foreign Exchange Transaction, net:

The detail of foreign exchange transactions is the following:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Loss from accounting hedges

     (196      65,802         68,476   

Indexed foreign currency

     (9,404      7,451         20,493   

Translation difference, net

     44,736         (1,796      (18,744
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     35,136         71,457         70,225   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-105


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

33. Provisions for Loan Losses:

The changes during 2012, 2013 and 2014 are the following:

 

            Loans to customers as of December 31, 2012                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
     Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
guarantees
    Total  

Provisions established:

               

Individual provisions

     —           (13,668     —          —          (13,668     (1,394     (15,062

Group provisions

     —           (46,807     (4,428     (160,775     (212,010     (222     (212,232
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established, net

     —           (60,475     (4,428     (160,775     (225,678     (1,616     (227,294
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

               

Individual provisions

     47         17,883        —          —          17,883        1,982        19,912   

Group provisions

     —           —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released, net

     47         17,883        —          —          17,883        1,982        19,912   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —           14,892        1,971        24,099        40,962        —          40,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions, net allowances for credit risk

     47         (27,700     (2,457     (136,676     (166,833     366        (166,420
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-106


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

33. Provisions for Loan Losses, continued:

 

           Loans to customers as of December 31, 2013                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
    Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
Guarantees
    Total  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Provisions established:

          

Individual provisions

     (333     (39,744     —          —          (39,744     (3,955     (44,032

Group provisions

     —          (49,808     (5,665     (167,496     (222,969     (8,737     (231,706
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established net

     (333     (89,552     (5,665     (167,496     (262,713     (12,692     (275,738
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

          

Individual provisions

     —          2,127        —          —          2,127        9,003        11,130   

Group provisions

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released net

     —          2,127        —          —          2,127        9,003        11,130   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —          13,330        1,927        27,698        42,955        —          42,955   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions net allowances for credit risk

     (333     (74,095     (3,738     (139,798     (217,631     (3,689     (221,653
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-107


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

33. Provisions for Loan Losses, continued:

 

            Loans to customers as of December 31, 2014                    
     Loans and
advance to
banks
     Commercial
loans
    Mortgage
loans
    Consumer
loans
    Total     Financial
Guarantees
    Total  
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Provisions established:

               

Individual provisions

     —           (54,027     —          —          (54,027     (1,629     (55,656

Group provisions

     —           (46,061     (8,497     (198,017     (252,575     (120     (252,695
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions established net

     —           (100,088     (8,497     (198,017     (306,602     (1,749     (308,351
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released:

               

Individual provisions

     476         —          —          —          —          —          476   

Group provisions

     —           —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions released net

     476         —          —          —          —          —          476   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recovery of written-off assets

     —           14,272        2,152        29,885        46,309        —          46,309   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provisions net allowances for credit risk

     476         (85,816     (6,345     (168,132     (260,293     (1,749     (261,566
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

34. Personnel Expenses:

Personnel expenses in 2012, 2013 and 2014 are detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Remuneration

     181,318         188,856         201,411   

Bonuses per collective bargaining*

     —           —           44,437   

Variable Compensation

     22,823         26,751         29,367   

Gratifications

     22,398         22,566         21,604   

Bonuses and incentives

     31,984         32,306         29,569   

Lunch and health benefits

     21,954         22,631         24,263   

Staff severance indemnities

     10,408         10,523         11,895   

Training expenses

     1,671         2,877         2,639   

Other personnel expenses

     17,309         16,726         19,327   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     309,865         323,236         384,512   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

* During 2014, we negotiated and finalized four-year collective bargaining agreements among Banco de Chile, Federación de Sindicatos, Sindicato Nacional y el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores Citibank NA. Additionally, our subsidiary Promarket S.A. finalized its collective bargaining process during August 2014, signing a Collective Bargaining Agreement for a period of three years. As result of these agreements, the agreed benefits were extended to non-union employees. In addition, the agreements generated a one-time expense in an amount of Ch$44,437 million.

 

35. Administrative Expenses:

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, administrative expenses are detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

General administrative expenses

     160,717         164,228         179,412   

Outsources services

     42,015         44,118         47,221   

Board expenses

     2,656         2,589         2,762   

Marketing expenses

     30,572         29,053         29,431   

Taxes, payroll taxes and contributions

     11,499         12,514         11,711   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     247,459         252,502         270,537   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-109


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

36. Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment:

 

  (a) Amounts charged to income for depreciation and amortization during 2012, 2013 and 2014 are detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Depreciation and amortization

        

Depreciation of property and equipment (Note No.15a and Note No. 16)

     20,614         19,280         22,149   

Amortization of intangibles assets (Note No.14a)

     14,532         8,397         10,638   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     35,146         27,677         32,787   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (b) As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014, the impairment loss is detailed as follows:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Impairment loss

        

Impairment loss on investment instruments

     551         —           —     

Impairment loss on property and equipment (Note No.15a)

     348         757         1,965   

Impairment loss on intangibles assets (Note No.14a)

     —           1,490         120   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     899         2,247         2,085   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-110


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

37. Other Operating Income:

During 2012, 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries presented the following under other operating income:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Rental income

     6,007         7,440         8,083   

Credit card income

     —           —           2,694   

Income for assets received in lieu of payment

     5,674         6,126         1,223   

Expense recovery

     2,895         3,517         3,840   

Recovery from correspondent banks

     2,379         2,264         2,525   

Release of provisions

     —           —           2,318   

Release of provisions for contingencies

     624         1,376         —     

Other

     3,308         5,161         6,528   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     20,887         25,884         27,211   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

38. Other Operating Expenses:

During 2012, 2013 and 2014, the Bank and its subsidiaries incurred the following other operating expenses:

 

     2012      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Write-offs for operatings risks

     9,526         4,144         5,076   

Provisions for contingencies

     1,109         582         7,750   

Provision for other assets

     6,333         4,767         4,082   

Card administration

     1,113         1,106         949   

Assets received in lieu of payment

     —           —           12,852   

Other

     1,484         3,269         6,730   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     19,565         13,868         37,439   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-111


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Related Party Transactions:

The related parties of companies and their subsidiaries include entities of the company’s corporate group; corporations which are the company’s parent company, associated companies, subsidiaries and associates; directors, managers, administrators, main executives or receivers of the company on their own behalf or in representation of persons other than the company, and their respective spouses or family members up to the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, as well as any entity directly or indirectly controlled through any of them, the partnerships or companies in which the aforementioned persons are owners, directly or through other individuals or corporations, of 10% or more of their capital or directors, managers, administrators or main executives; any person that on their own or with others with whom they have a joint action agreement can designate at least one member of the company’s management or controls 10% or more of the capital or of the voting capital, if dealing with a public corporation; those that establish the company’s bylaws, or with a sound basis identify the directors’ committee; and those who have held the position of director, manager, administrator, main executive or receiver within the last eighteen months.

The Law of Corporations, article 147, states that a public corporation can only enter into transactions with related parties when the objective is to contribute to the company’s interests, and when the price, terms and conditions are commensurate to those prevailing in the market at the time of their approval and comply with the requirements and procedures stated in the same standard.

Moreover, article 84 of the General Banking Law establishes limits for loans granted to related parties and prohibits the granting of loans to the Bank’s directors, managers and general representatives.

 

F-112


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (a) Loans to related parties:

The following table details loans and accounts receivable, contingent loans and assets related to trading and investment securities, corresponding to related entities.

 

     Operating
Companies (*)
    Investment
Companies (**)
    Individuals (***)     Total  
     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014     2013     2014  
     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$     MCh$  

Loans and accounts receivable:

                

Commercial loans

     287,500        287,943        70,004        36,383        1,199        1,878        358,703        326,204   

Residential mortgage loans

     —          —          —          —          16,911        19,970        16,911        19,970   

Consumer loans

     —          —          —          —          3,790        4,111        3,790        4,111   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross loans

     287,500        287,943        70,004        36,383        21,900        25,959        379,404        350,285   

Provision for loan losses

     (929     (790     (152     (132     (52     (68     (1,133     (990
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loans

     286,571        287,153        69,852        36,251        21,848        25,891        378,271        349,295   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off balance sheet accounts:

                

Guarantees

     1,109        3,238        —          40        —          —          1,109        3,278   

Letters of credits

     3,390        1,344        —          —          —          —          3,390        1,344   

Banks guarantees

     23,172        42,195        1,599        387        —          —          24,771        42,582   

Immediately available credit lines

     58,023        52,900        9,519        24,686        10,165        10,997        77,707        88,583   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total off balance sheet account

     85,694        99,677        11,118        25,113        10,165        10,997        106,977        135,787   

Provision for contingencies loans

     (34     (89     (1     —          —          —          (35     (89
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Off balance sheet account, net

     85,660        99,588        11,117        25,113        10,165        10,997        106,942        135,698   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount covered by Collateral:

                

Mortgage

     27,122        28,811        55        55        14,476        13,405        41,653        42,271   

Warrant

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Pledge

     13        13        —          —          7        7        20        20   

Other (****)

     2,849        2,602        17,300        17,300        10        10        20,159        19,912   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total collateral

     29,984        31,426        17,355        17,355        14,493        13,422        61,832        62,203   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Acquired Instruments

                

For trading purposes

     1,078        —          —          6,015        —          —          1,078        6,015   

For investment purposes

     —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total acquired instruments

     1,078        —          —          6,015        —          —          1,078        6,015   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(*) Operating companies are legal entities which comply with the following conditions:

 

  i) They engage in operating activities and generate a separable flow of income,

 

  ii) Less than 50% of their assets are trading securities or investments.

 

(**) Investment companies include those legal entities that do not comply with the conditions for operating companies and are profit-oriented.
(***) Individuals include key members of the management, who directly or indirectly possess the authority and responsibility of planning, administrating and controlling the activities of the organization, including directors. This category also includes their family members who are expected to have an influence or to be influenced by such individuals in their interactions with the organization.
(****) These guarantees correspond mainly to shares and other financial guarantees.

 

F-113


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (b) Other assets and liabilities with related parties:

 

     2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Assets

     

Cash and due from banks

     12,692         10,478   

Derivative instruments

     76,532         85,226   

Other assets

     22,047         17,386   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     111,271         113,090   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

     

Demand deposits

     123,223         220,603   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     233,172         423,012   

Derivative instruments

     85,694         123,569   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     192,682         154,022   

Other liabilities

     23,836         26,205   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     658,607         947,411   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (c) Income and expenses from related party transactions:

 

     2013      2014  
     Income
MCh$
     Expense
MCh$
     Income
MCh$
     Expense
MCh$
 

Type of income or expense recognized

           

Interest and revenue expenses

     21,280         15,917         23,873         18,631   

Fees and commission income

     70,848         35,897         56,154         40,879   

Net financial operating income

     —           47,348         —           13,797   

Provision for credit risk

     81         —           141         —     

Operating expenses

     —           66,313         —           100,070   

Other income and expenses

     553         27         631         83   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     92,762         165,502         80,799         173,460   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (d) Payments to key management personnel:

 

     2014      2013  
     MCh$      MCh$  

Remunerations

     3,752         3,372   

Short-term benefits

     4,123         3,093   

Contract termination indemnity

     1,251         418   

Stock–based benefits

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     9,126         6,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Composition of key personnel:

 

     N° of executives  
     2014      2013  

Position

     

CEO

     1         1   

CEOs of subsidiaries

     7         6   

Division Managers

     11         12   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     19         19   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-114


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

39. Related Party Transactions, continued:

 

  (e) Directors’ expenses and remunerations:

 

     Remunerations     Fees for attending
Board meetings
     Fees for attending
Committees and
Subsidiary Board
meetings  (1)
     Consulting      Total  
     2013
MCh$
    2014
MCh$
    2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Name of Directors

                           

Pablo Granifo Lavín

     363 (*)      383 (*)      48         52         321         365         —           —           732         800   

Andrónico Luksic Craig

     149        155        13         10         —           —           —           —           162         165   

Jorge Awad Mehech

     50        52        24         24         113         130         —           —           187         206   

Gonzalo Menéndez Duque

     50        52        20         23         110         115         25         26         205         216   

Jaime Estévez Valencia

     50        52        23         26         97         106         —           —           170         184   

Rodrigo Manubens Moltedo

     50        52        23         24         52         51         —           —           125         127   

Jorge Ergas Heymann

     50        52        19         19         46         60         —           —           115         131   

Francisco Pérez Mackenna

     50        52        21         22         60         55         —           —           131         129   

Thomas Fürst Freiwirth

     50        52        20         19         39         40         —           —           109         111   

Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona

     34        52        10         9         2         —           —           —           46         61   

Guillermo Luksic Craig

     12        —          —           —           —           —           —           —           12         —     

Others

     —          —          —           —           157         147         124         80         281         227   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     908        954        221         228         997         1,069         149         106         2,275         2,357   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes fees paid to members of the Advisory Committee of Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda. of MCh$16 (MCh$15 in 2013).
(*) Includes a provision of MCh$226 (MCh$214 in 2013) for an incentive subject to achieving the Bank’s forecasted earnings.

Fees paid for advisory services to the Board of Directors amount to MCh$179 (MCh$124 in 2013).

Travel and other related expenses amount to MCh$226 (MCh$190 in 2013).

 

F-115


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities:

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries have defined a corporate framework for the Fair Value measurement and control to accomplish the Fair Value process according to local regulations, market standards and best practices in the industry. This framework is contained in Banco de Chile’s Fair Value Policy.

One of the most important definitions in this framework is the Product Control Unit (PCU) function. This area is independent from both the principal management and the business unit, and reports to the CFO of Banco de Chile. This area is responsible for the independent verification of Profit and Losses, and Fair Value measurement and control for all Treasury transactions; Trading, Funding and gapping and Investments deals.

To accomplish the measurements and controls, Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries, take into account at least the following aspects:

 

  (a) Industry standards of fair value measurements.

In the fair value calculation process, standard methodologies are used; closing prices, discounted cash flows and option models. In the options case, Black-Scholes model is used. The input parameters are rates, prices and volatility levels for each term and market factor that trade in the local and international markets.

 

  (b) Quoted prices in active markets.

The fair value for instruments with quoted prices in active markets is determined using daily quotes from electronic systems information such as Bloomberg, Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, LVA and Risk America terminals. This quote represents the price at which instruments are frequently bought and sold in financial markets.

 

  (c) Valuation techniques

If there is no market quotes in active markets for the financial instrument, valuation techniques will be used to determine the fair value.

Due to the fact that fair value models require a set of market parameters as inputs, it is part of the fair value process to maximize the utilization based on observable quoted prices or derived from similar instruments in active markets. Nevertheless there are some cases for which neither quoted prices nor derived prices are available; in these cases external data from specialized providers, price for similar transactions and historical information it is used for validate the parameters that will be used as inputs.

 

F-116


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (d) Fair value adjustments.

Part of the fair value process consists of adjustment, to take into account bid/offer spreads. This adjustment is calculated and analyzed by the PCU and Risk Market areas.

The bid/offer spread adjustment reflects the expected impact on fair value due to close long or short positions in a specific market factor and term, valuated at midpoint. For example, long positions in an asset will be impacted in order to reflect the fact that when selling the position it will be quoted at bid instead at midpoint. For the bid/offer spread adjustment, market quotes or indicative prices for each position, instrument, currency and term are used. Bid, mid and offer market quotes are considered.

 

  (e) Fair value control.

To ensure that the market input parameters that Banco de Chile is using for fair value calculations represent the state of the market and the best estimate of fair value, the PCU unit runs on a daily basis an independent verification of prices and rates. This process aims to set a preventive control on the official market parameters provided by the respective business area. A comparative control based on Mark-to-Market differences, using one set of inputs prepared by the business area and one set prepared by the PCU, is conducted before fair value calculations. The output of this process is a set of differences in fair value by currency, product and portfolio. These differences are compared with specific ranges by grouping level; currency, product and portfolio.

In the event that significant differences are detected, these differences are measured and scaled according to the amount of materiality for each grouping level, ranging from a single report to the trader to a report presented to the Board. These ranges of materiality control are approved by the Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO).

Complementary and in parallel, the PCU generates daily reports of P&L and risk market exposure. These two kinds of reports allows for adequate control and consistency in the parameters used in valuations and backwards looking revisions.

 

F-117


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (f) Judgmental analysis and information to Senior Management.

In particular, in cases where there is no market quotations for the instrument, similar transaction prices, nor indicative parameters, a reasoned analysis and specific controls should be made to estimate the fair value of the operation or transaction. Within the Banco de Chile’s framework for fair value, described in the Fair Value Policy approved by the Board of Banco de Chile, the approval level required to operate these kinds of instruments, there is no market information or cannot be inferred from prices or rates, is established.

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy

Banco de Chile and subsidiaries, taking into account the preceding statements, classify all the financial instruments among the following levels:

 

Level 1:      Observable, quoted price in active markets for the same instrument or specific type of transaction to be evaluated.
     In this level, the following instruments are considered: currency futures, Chilean Central Bank and Treasury securities, mutual fund investments and equity.
     For the Chilean Central Bank and Treasury securities, all instruments that belong to one of the following benchmark groups will be considered as Level 1: Pesos-02, Pesos-05, Pesos-07, Pesos-10, UF-02, UF-05, UF-07, UF-10, UF-20, UF-30. A benchmark group is composed by a number of instruments that have similar duration and share the same quoted price within the group. This condition allows for a greater depth of market, assuring daily observable quotes.
     For each and every one of these instruments there exists daily observable market valuation parameters; internal rates of return and closing prices, respectively; therefore no assumptions are needed to calculate the fair value. For currency futures as well as mutual funds and equity, to determine fair value, the multiplication of closing prices by the number of instruments is used. For Chilean Central Bank and Treasury securities the internal rate of return is used to discount every cash flow and obtain the fair value of each instrument. For mutual funds and equity, the current price multiplied by the quantity of instruments is used to calculate the fair value.
     The preceding described methodology corresponds to the one utilized for the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (Santiago’s main Exchange) and is recognized as the standard in the market.

 

F-118


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy, continued:

 

Level 2:      Valuation techniques whose inputs are those other than quoted prices included within Level 1 and that are observable for assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly. For instruments in this level, the valuation is performed based on an inference from observable market parameters; such quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. In this level the following inputs are included:
    

a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets.

    

b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

    

c) Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

    

d) Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

     This level is composed mostly of currency and rate derivatives, bank’s debt securities, debt of Chilean and foreign companies, mortgage claims, money market instruments and less liquid Chilean Central Bank and Treasury securities.
     For derivatives the fair value process depends upon whether this value is impacted by volatility as a relevant market factor; if that is the case, the Black-Scholes-Merton type of formula is used. For the rest of the derivatives, namely swaps and forwards, net present value through discounted cash flows is used. For securities classified as level 2, the obtained internal rate of return is used to discount every cash flow and obtain the fair value of each instrument, for each currency.
     In the event that there is no observable price for an instrument in a specific term, the price will be inferred from the interpolation between periods that do have observable quoted price in active markets. These models incorporate various market variables, including foreign exchange rates and interest rate curves.

 

F-119


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy, continued:

 

Valorization Techniques and Inputs:

 

Type of

Financial

Instrument

  

Valuation

Method

   Description: Inputs and Sources

Local Bank and

Corporate Bonds

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Model is based on a Base Yield (Central Bank Bonds) and issuer spread.

 

The model is based on daily prices and risk/maturity similarities between

Instruments.

   

Offshore Bank and

Corporate Bonds

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Model is based on daily prices.

     

Local Central Bank

and Treasury Bonds

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Model is based on daily prices.

   

Mortgage

Notes

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Model is based on a Base Yield (Central Bank Bonds) and issuer spread.

 

The model takes into consideration daily prices and risk/maturity similarities between instruments.

     

Time

Deposits

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Model is based on daily prices and considers risk/maturity similarities between instruments.

   

Cross Currency Swaps,

Interest Rate Swaps,

FX Forwards, Inflation

Forwards

  

Discounted cash

flows model

  

Zero Coupon rates are calculated by using the bootstrapping method over swap rates.

 

Offshore rates and spreads are obtained from third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

Forward Points, Inflation forecast and local swap rates are provided by market brokers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

     
FX Options   

Black-Scholes

Option Pricing

Model

   Prices for volatility surface estimates are obtained from market brokers that are widely used in the Chilean market.

 

F-120


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (i) Fair value hierarchy, continued

 

Level 3:      These are financial instruments whose fair value is determined using unobservable inputs. An adjustment to an input that is significant to the entire measurement can result in a fair value measurement classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy if the adjustment is using significant unobservable data entry.
     Instruments classified as level 3 correspond to Corporate Debt issued mainly by Chilean and foreign companies, issued both in Chile and abroad.

Valorization Techniques and Inputs:

 

Type of

Financial

Instrument

  

Valuation

Method

   Description: Inputs and Sources
Local Bank and Corporate Bonds    Discounted cash flows model    Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market. (input is not observable by the market)
     

 

Model is based on a Base Yield (Central Bank Bonds) and issuer spread.

     
          The model is based on daily prices and risk/maturity similarities between instruments.
     
Offshore Bank and Corporate Bonds    Discounted cash flows model    Prices are provided by third party price providers that are widely used in the Chilean market. (input is not observable by the market)
     

 

Model is based on daily prices.

During 2014, the Bank observed a disclosure deviation on a group of financial assets previously reported as level 3. In order to improve disclosure consistency and comparability with current year disclosure presented below, the 2013 disclosure has been re-expressed as follows:

 

     Level 2      Level 3  
     December
2013

MCh$
     Reclassifi-
cation
MCh$
     Adjusted
2013

MCh$
     December
2013
MCh$
     Reclassifi-
cation
MCh$
    Adjusted
2013
MCh$
 

Financial Assets

                

Financial assets held-for-trading

                

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     33,611         —           33,611         —           —          —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

     255,597         2,914         258,511         5,353         (2,914     2,439   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     289,208         2,914         292,122         5,353         (2,914     2,439   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

                

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     422,533         —           422,533         —           —          —     

Other instruments issued in Chile

     722,926         219,352         942,278         296,327         (219,352     76,975   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           32,307         32,307         33,986         (32,307     1,679   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,145,459         251,659         1,397,118         330,313         (251,659     78,654   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     1,434,667         254,573         1,689,240         335,666         (254,573     81,093   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-121


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (ii) Level hierarchy classification and figures

The following table shows the figures by hierarchy, for instruments recorded at fair value in the statement of financial position.

 

     Level 1      Level 2     Level 3      Total  
     2013      2014      2013     2014     2013      2014      2013     2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$     MCh$  

Financial Assets

                    

Financial assets held-for-trading

                    

From the Chilean government and Central Bank

     31,326         80,374         33,611        8,496        —           —           64,937        88,870   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,034         364         258,511        202,823        2,439         1,401         261,984        204,588   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     32,360         80,738         292,122        211,319        2,439         1,401         326,921        293,458   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative contracts for trading purposes

                    

Forwards

     —           —           58,086        171,902        —           —           58,086        171,902   

Swaps

     —           —           291,429        609,843        —           —           291,429        609,843   

Call options

     —           —           2,301        2,583        —           —           2,301        2,583   

Put options

     —           —           600        287        —           —           600        287   

Futures

     —           —           —          —          —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           352,416        784,615        —           —           352,416        784,615   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge derivative contracts

                    

Swaps

     —           —           714        101              714        101   

Cash flow hedge (Swap)

     —           —           37,970        78,703        —           —           37,970        78,703   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           38,684        78,804        —           —           38,684        78,804   

CVA

     —           —           (16,413     (31,152     —           —           (16,413     (31,152
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     —           —           374,687        832,267        —           —           374,687        832,267   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale (1)

                    

From the Chilean government and Central Bank

     163,875         86,066         422,533        253,258        —           —           586,408        339,324   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     —           —           942,278        1,026,569        76,975         179,378         1,019,253        1,205,947   

Instruments issued abroad

     42,236         58,376         32,307        3,211        1,679         1,938         76,222        63,525   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     206,111         144,442         1,397,118        1,283,038        78,654         181,316         1,681,883        1,608,796   

Other assets

                    

Mutual fund investments

     66,213         255,013         —          —          —           —           66,213        255,013   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     66,213         255,013         —          —          —           —           66,213        255,013   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     304,684         480,193         2,063,927        2,326,624        81,093         182,717         2,449,704        2,989,534   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

                    

Derivative contracts for trading purposes

                    

Forwards

     —           —           65,463        128,447        —           —           65,463        128,447   

Swaps

     —           —           343,467        691,666        —           —           343,467        691,666   

Call options

     —           —           3,559        2,249        —           —           3,559        2,249   

Put options

     —           —           705        362        —           —           705        362   

Futures

     —           —           —          —          —           —           —          —     

Other

     —           —           —          —          —           —           —          —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           413,194        822,724        —           —           413,194        822,724   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge derivative contracts

                    

Swaps

     —           —           25,324        19,904        —           —           25,324        19,904   

Cash flow hedge (Swap)

     —           —           6,681        17,596        —           —           6,681        17,596   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           32,005        37,500        —           —           32,005        37,500   

DVA

     —           —           (19,089     (33,101     —           —           (19,089     (33,101
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     —           —           426,110        827,123        —           —           426,110        827,123   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) As of December 31, 2014, 93% of instruments of level 3 have denomination “Investment Grade”. Also, 99% of total of these financial instruments correspond to domestic issuers.

 

F-122


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (iii) Level 3 Reconciliation:

The following tables show the reconciliation between the beginning and ending balances of instruments classified as Level 3, whose fair value is reflected in the financial statements.

 

    

Balance as of
January 1,

2013

    

Gain (loss)
Recognized

in Income

    Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Equity
    Purchases
and Agreements
     Sales     Transfer from
Level 1 and 2
    

Transfer to

Level 1 and 2

    

Balance as of
December 31,

2013

 
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

                    

Financial assets held-for-trading

                    

Other instruments issued in Chile

     —           1,038        —          1,401         —          —           —           2,439   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —          —          —           —          —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           1,038        —          1,401         —          —           —           2,439   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

                    

Other instruments issued in Chile

     79,896         3,198        9        —           (6,128     —           —           76,975   

Instruments issued abroad

     10,023         50        (77     —           (8,317     —           —           1,679   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     89,919         3,248        (68     —           (14,445     —           —           78,654   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     89,919         4,286        (68     1,401         (14,445     —           —           81,093   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Balance as of
January 1,
2014
     Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Income (1)
    Gain (loss)
Recognized
in Equity(2)
    Purchases
and Agreements
     Sales     Transfer from
Level 1 and 2
     Transfer to
Level 1 and 2
     Balance as of
December 31,
2014
 
     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$     MCh$      MCh$     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

                    

Financial assets held-for-trading

                    

Other instruments issued in Chile

     2,439         (1,087     —          49         —          —           —           1,401   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —          —          —           —          —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,439         (1,087     —          49         —          —           —           1,401   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

                    

Other instruments issued in Chile

     76,975         6,230        784        82,909         (18,483     30,963         —           179,378   

Instruments issued abroad

     1,679         270        (11     —           —          —           —           1,938   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     78,654         6,500        773        82,909         (18,483     30,963         —           181,316   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     81,093         5,413        773        82,958         (18,483     30,963         —           182,717   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Recorded in the income statement under “Net financial operating income”
(2) Recorded in Equity under “Other Comprehensive Income”

 

F-123


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

 

  (iv) Transfers between levels

The following tables show transfers between levels for financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is recorded in the consolidated financial statements:

 

    

Transfers

from level 1

to level 2

 
     2013
MCh$
 

Financial assets

  

Financial assets held-for-trading instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     16   

Financial assets available-for-sale instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     106   
     Transfers
from level 2
to level 1
 
     2013
MCh$
 

Financial assets

  

Financial assets held-for-trading instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     48   

Financial assets available-for-sale instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     —     
     Transfers
from level 1
to level 2
 
     2014
MCh$
 

Financial assets

  

Financial assets held-for-trading instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     500   

Financial assets Available-for-sale instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     —     
     Transfers
from level 2
to level 1
 
     2014
MCh$
 

Financial assets

  

Financial assets held-for-trading instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     —     

Financial assets available-for-sale instruments

  

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank

     —     

 

F-124


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

 

  (v) Sensitivity of level 3 instruments to changes in key assumptions of the input parameters for the valuation model.

The following table shows the impact on the fair value of Level 3 financial instruments using alternative assumptions that are reasonably possible. It is believed that the positive and negative impacts are similar:

 

     As of December 31, 2013      As of December 31, 2014  
     Level 3      Sensitivity to
changes in key
assumptions of
models
     Level 3      Sensitivity to
changes in key
assumptions
of models
 
   MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

           

Financial assets held-for-trading

           

Other instruments issued in Chile

     2,439         (273      1,401         (150
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     2,439         (273      1,401         (150
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets available-for-sale

           

Other instruments issued in Chile

     76,975         (895      179,378         (3,542

Instruments issued abroad

     1,679         (25      1,938         (67
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     78,654         (920      181,316         (3,609
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

With the purpose to determine the sensitivity of the financial investments to changes in significant market factors, the Bank has made alternative calculations at fair value, changing those key parameters for the valuation and which are not directly observable in screens. In the case of financial assets presented in the table above, which corresponds to bank bonds and corporate bonds, input prices, prices based on broker quotes or runs were used, considering that these instruments do not have current prices or observables. Prices are generally calculated as a base rate plus a spread. For local bonds, this was determined by applying only a 10% impact on the price, while for offshore bonds this was determined by applying only a 10% impact on the spread because the base rate is hedged with instruments on interest rate swaps so-called hedge accounting. The impact of 10% is considered a reasonable move considering the market performance of these instruments and comparing it against the adjustment bid/offer that is provided for by these instruments.

 

F-125


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

 

  (vi) Other assets and liabilities not measured at fair value

The following table summarizes the fair values of the Bank’s main financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position. The values shown in this note do not attempt to estimate the value of the Bank’s income-generating assets, nor forecast their future behavior. The estimated fair value is as follows:

 

     Book Value      Estimated Fair Value  
     2013      2014      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Assets

           

Cash and due from banks

     873,308         915,133         873,308         915,133   

Transactions in the course of collection

     300,026         356,185         300,026         356,185   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     82,422         27,661         82,422         27,661   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,255,756         1,298,979         1,255,756         1,298,979   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to banks

           

Domestic banks

     99,976         169,953         99,976         169,953   

Chilean Central Bank

     600,581         551,108         600,581         551,108   

Foreign banks

     361,499         434,304         361,499         434,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,062,056         1,155,365         1,062,056         1,155,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers, net

           

Commercial loans

     12,837,531         12,836,933         12,695,722         12,707,255   

Residential mortgage loans

     4,713,805         5,394,602         4,760,593         5,657,988   

Consumer loans

     2,890,136         3,169,240         2,914,188         3,170,640   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     20,441,472         21,400,775         20,370,503         21,535,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     22,759,284         23,855,119         22,688,315         23,990,227   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

           

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,984,332         6,934,373         5,984,332         6,934,373   

Transactions in the course of payment

     51,898         53,049         51,898         53,049   

Cash collateral on securities lent and reverse repurchase agreements

     256,766         249,482         256,766         249,482   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     10,402,725         9,721,246         10,422,095         9,719,397   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     989,465         1,098,716         984,999         1,094,468   

Other financial obligations

     210,926         186,573         210,926         186,573   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     17,896,112         18,243,439         17,911,016         18,237,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Debt issued

           

Letters of credit for residential purposes

     67,514         52,730         70,351         55,482   

Letters of credit for general purposes

     18,977         11,584         19,775         12,189   

Bonds

     3,533,462         4,223,047         3,446,571         4,283,006   

Subordinated bonds

     747,007         770,595         739,184         782,529   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     4,366,960         5,057,956         4,275,881         5,133,206   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     22,263,072         23,301,395         22,186,897         23,370,548   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-126


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (vi) Other assets and liabilities not measured at fair value, continued:

 

Other financial instruments not measured at fair value in our statement of financial position, but for which the fair value is disclosed, are not managed on a fair value basis. These instruments include assets and liabilities such as loans and deposits to customers, bank borrowings, debt issued, and other financial assets and obligations with diverse maturities and features. Fair values of these assets/liabilities are estimated by applying the traditional Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) model and using diverse valuation inputs such as yield curves, credit risk spreads, etc. Also, since some of these assets/liabilities are not traded in the market, judgmental analysis is required in determining the adequacy of the inputs and fair values.

The table below sets forth the fair value of Financial Assets/Liabilities not measured at fair value on the balance sheet, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014:

 

     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  
     Estimated Fair
Value
     Estimated Fair
Value
     Estimated Fair
Value
     Estimated Fair
Value
 
     2013      2014      2013      2014      2013      2014      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Assets

                       

Cash and due from banks

     873,308         915,133         —           —           —           —           873,308         915,133   

Transactions in the course of collection

     300,026         356,185         —           —           —           —           300,026         356,185   

Receivables from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     82,422         27,661         —           —           —           —           82,422         27,661   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,255,756         1,298,979         —           —           —           —           1,255,756         1,298,979   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to banks

                       

Domestic banks

     99,976         169,953         —           —           —           —           99,976         169,953   

Central bank

     600,581         551,108         —           —           —           —           600,581         551,108   

Foreign banks

     361,499         434,304         —           —           —           —           361,499         434,304   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,062,056         1,155,365         —           —           —           —           1,062,056         1,155,365   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers, net

                       

Commercial loans

     —           —           —           —           12,695,722         12,707,255         12,695,722         12,707,255   

Residential mortgage loans

     —           —           —           —           4,760,593         5,657,988         4,760,593         5,657,988   

Consumer loans

     —           —           —           —           2,914,188         3,170,640         2,914,188         3,170,640   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           —           —           20,370,503         21,535,883         20,370,503         21,535,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     2,317,812         2,454,344         —           —           20,370,503         21,535,883         22,688,315         23,990,227   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities

                       

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,984,332         6,934,373         —           —           —           —           5,984,332         6,934,373   

Transactions in the course of payment

     51,898         53,049         —           —           —           —           51,898         53,049   

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     256,766         249,482         —           —           —           —           256,766         249,482   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     —           —           —           —           10,422,095         9,719,397         10,422,095         9,719,397   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     —           —           —           —           984,999         1,094,468         984,999         1,094,468   

Other financial obligations

     210,926         186,573         —           —           —           —           210,926         186,573   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     6,503,922         7,423,477         —           —           11,407,094         10,813,865         17,911,016         18,237,342   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Debt Issued

                       

Letters of credit for residential purposes

     —           —           70,351         55,482         —           —           70,351         55,482   

Letters of credit for general purposes

     —           —           19,775         12,189         —           —           19,775         12,189   

Bonds

     —           —           3,446,571         4,283,006         —           —           3,446,571         4,283,006   

Subordinate bonds

     —           —           —           —           739,184         782,529         739,184         782,529   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —           3,536,697         4,350,677         739,184         782,529         4,275,881         5,133,206   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     6,503,922         7,423,477         3,536,697         4,350,677         12,146,278         11,596,394         22,186,897         23,370,548   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-127


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (vi) Other assets and liabilities not measured at fair value, continued:

We estimate fair values for these assets/liabilities, as follows:

 

   

Short-Term Financial Assets/Liabilities: For assets and liabilities with no specific maturity (on demand) or terms of less than three months we use the carrying or book values as proxies of their fair value, since their tenors are not believed to significantly affect their valuation. As a result, these assets/liabilities are categorized in Level 1. This assumption is applied to the following assets/liabilities:

 

  Cash and due from banks       Current accounts and other demand deposits
  Transactions in the course of collection (asset)       Transactions in the course of payments (liability)
  Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements (asset)       Cash collateral on securities loaned and repurchase agreements (liability)
  Loans and advance to banks       Other financial obligations

 

   

Loans to Customers: Fair value is determined by using the DCF model and internally generated discount rates, based on internal transfer rates derived from our transfer price policy. After we calculate the present value, we deduct the related loan loss allowances in order to incorporate the credit risk associated with each contract or loan. As we use internally generated parameters for valuation purposes, we categorize these instruments in Level 3.

 

   

Letters of Credit and Bonds: In order to determine the present value of contractual cash flows, we apply the DCF model by using market interest rates that are available in the market, either for the instruments under valuation or instruments with similar features that fit valuation needs in terms of currency, maturities and liquidity. Market interest rates are obtained from third party price providers widely used by the market. As a result of the valuation technique and the quality of inputs (observable) used for valuation, we categorize these financial liabilities in Level 2.

 

   

Saving Accounts, Time Deposits, Borrowings from Financial Institutions and Subordinated Bonds: The DCF model is used to obtain the present value of committed cash flows by applying a bucket approach and average adjusted discount rates that are derived from both market rates for instruments with similar features and our transfer price policy. As we use internally generated parameters and/or apply significant judgmental analysis for valuation purposes, we categorize these financial assets/liabilities in Level 3.

 

F-128


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

40. Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

  (vii) Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities

In accordance with IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation, the Bank should report financial assets and financial liabilities on a net basis on the balance sheet only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is intention to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Because Bank’s netting agreements do not qualify for balance sheet netting, it presents its financial instruments on a gross basis on the balance sheet.

The following table shows the impact of netting arrangements on all derivative financial instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements (including financial collaterals), but do not qualify for balance sheet netting.

The “Net amounts” presented below are not intended to represent the Bank’s actual exposure to credit risk, as a variety of credit mitigation strategies are employed in addition to netting and collateral arrangements.

 

     Effect of offsetting on balance sheet      Related amount not offset  

As of December 31, 2013

   Gross amount
MCh$
     Amounts
offset
MCh$
     Net amounts reported on the
balance sheet

MCh$
     Financial
Instruments
MCh$
    Financial
Collateral
MCh$
    Net
amount
MCh$
 

Derivative financial assets

     374,687         —           374,687         (158,410     (31,651     184,626   

Derivative financial liabilities

     426,110         —           426,110         (158,410     (39,102     228,598   
     Effect of offsetting on balance sheet      Related amount not offset  

As of December 31, 2014

   Gross amount
MCh$
     Amounts
offset
MCh$
     Net amounts reported on the
balance sheet

MCh$
     Financial
Instruments
MCh$
    Financial
Collateral
MCh$
    Net
amount
MCh$
 

Derivative financial assets

     832,267         —           832,267         (436,626     (49,804     345,837   

Derivative financial liabilities

     827,123         —           827,123         (436,626     (124,418     266,079   

Derivative assets and liabilities

The “Financial Instruments” column identifies financial assets and liabilities that are subject to set off under netting agreements, such as the ISDA Master Agreement of derivative exchange or clearing counterparty agreements, whereby all outstanding transactions with the same counterparty could be offset and close-out netting applied across all outstanding transaction covered by the agreements if an event of default or other predetermined events occur (“early contract termination”).

Financial collateral refers to cash and non-cash collateral obtained, typically daily or weekly, to cover the net exposure between counterparties by enabling the collateral to be realized in an event of default or if other predetermined events occur (“early contract termination”).

 

F-129


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Maturity of Assets and Liabilities:

The table below shows the classification of assets and liabilities as current and non-current as the balance sheet is presented in the order of liquidity without indicating this information.

 

     As of December 31, 2013  
     Less than
12 months

MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets

        

Cash and due from banks

     873,308         —           873,308   

Transactions in the course of collection

     300,026         —           300,026   

Financial assets held-for-trading

     326,921         —           326,921   

Receivables from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     82,422         —           82,422   

Derivative instruments

     90,042         284,645         374,687   

Loans in advance to banks (*)

     1,063,348         —           1,063,348   

Loans to customers (*)

     8,976,983         11,903,787         20,880,770   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     365,178         1,316,705         1,681,883   

Investments in other companies

     —           14,407         14,407   

Property and equipment

     —           197,578         197,578   

Investment properties

     —           16,317         16,317   

Intangible assets

     —           72,223         72,223   

Current tax assets

     —           —           —     

Deferred tax assets, net

     —           56,421         56,421   

Other assets

     140,579         233,408         373,987   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     12,218,807         14,095,491         26,314,298   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2014  
     Less than
12 months
MCh$
     Over 1 year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets

        

Cash and due from banks

     915,133         —           915,133   

Transactions in the course of collection

     356,185         —           356,185   

Financial assets held-for-trading

     293,458         —           293,458   

Receivables from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     27,661         —           27,661   

Derivative instruments

     290,462         541,805         832,267   

Loans in advance to banks (*)

     1,137,988         18,193         1,156,181   

Loans to customers (*)

     9,054,104         12,837,229         21,891,333   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     848,458         760,338         1,608,796   

Investments in other companies

     —           23,043         23,043   

Property and equipment

     —           205,403         205,403   

Investment properties

     —           15,936         15,936   

Intangible assets

     —           66,859         66,859   

Current tax assets

     —           —           —     

Deferred tax assets, net

     —           94,240         94,240   

Other assets

     278,062         308,493         586,555   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     13,201,511         14,871,539         28,073,050   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) The respective provisions, which amount to MCh$439,298 and MCh$490,558 in 2013 and 2014, respectively, for loans to customers and MCh$1,292 and MCh$816 for loans and advances to banks, have not been deducted from these balances.

 

F-130


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

41. Maturity of Assets and Liabilities, continued:

 

     As of December 31, 2013  
     Less than
12 months

MCh$
     Over 1  year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities

        

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,984,332         —           5,984,332   

Transactions in the course of payment

     51,898         —           51,898   

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     256,766         —           256,766   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     10,017,201         385,524         10,402,725   

Derivative instruments

     140,318         285,792         426,110   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     721,879         267,586         989,465   

Debt issued

     513,966         3,852,994         4,366,960   

Other financial obligations

     166,902         44,024         210,926   

Current tax liabilities

     —           7,131         7,131   

Employee benefits

     —           67,944         67,944   

Provisions

     —           154,650         154,650   

Other liabilities

     108,380         167,382         275,762   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     17,961,642         5,233,027         23,194,669   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2014  
     Less than
12 months

MCh$
     Over 1  year
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities

        

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     6,934,373         —           6,934,373   

Transactions in the course of payment

     53,049         —           53,049   

Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending

     249,482         —           249,482   

Saving accounts and time deposits

     9,384,054         337,192         9,721,246   

Derivative instruments

     219,166         607,957         827,123   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     898,461         200,255         1,098,716   

Debt issued

     946,746         4,111,210         5,057,956   

Other financial obligations

     146,764         39,809         186,573   

Current tax liabilities

     —           19,030         19,030   

Employee benefits

     —           81,515         81,515   

Provisions

     —           185,643         185,643   

Other liabilities

     45,580         210,415         255,995   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     18,877,675         5,793,026         24,670,701   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-131


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management:

 

  (1) Introduction

The Bank’s risk management is based on specialization, knowledge of the business and the experience of its teams, with professionals specifically dedicated to each different type of risk. Our policy is to maintain an integrated, forward looking approach to risk management, taking into account the current and forecasted economic environment and the risk/return ratio of all products for both the Bank and its subsidiaries.

Our credit policies and processes acknowledge the particularities of each market and segment, thus affording specialized treatment to each one of them. The integrated information prepared for risk analysis is key to developing our strategic plan. This objective includes: determining the desired risk level for each business line; aligning all strategies with the established risk level; communicating desired risk levels to Bank’s commercial areas; developing models, processes and tools for evaluating, measuring and controlling risk throughout the different business lines and areas; informing the board of directors about risks and their evolution; proposing action plans to address important deviations in risk indicators and enforcing compliance of applicable standards and regulations.

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure

Credit and Market Risk Management (Liquidity and Price risk), lies at the all levels of the Organization, with a structure that recognizes the relevance of the different risk areas that exist. Current levels are:

 

  (i) Board of Directors

The Board is responsible for the establishment and monitoring of the Bank’s risk management structure. Due to the above, it is permanently informed regarding the evolution of the different risk areas, participating through its Finance Committee, International and Financial Risk Committee, Credit Committee, Portfolio Committee, , which check the status of credit and market risks. In addition, it actively participates in each of them, informed of the status of the portfolio and participating in the strategic definitions that impact the quality of the portfolio.

Risk management policies are established in order to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Bank, to set adequate limits and controls and monitor risks and compliance with limits. The policies and risk management systems are regularly reviewed in order for them to reflect changes in market conditions and the Bank’s activities. It, through its standards and management procedures intends to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued:

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued:

 

  (ii) Finance, International and Financial Risk Committees

The main function of the Finance, International and Financial Risk Committees is to review the financial exposures and market, price and liquidity risk, particularly the control of exposures and risks relating to limits and / or internal alerts. Additionally, due to knowledge of the current state of the financial exposures, these committees estimate the potential future loss in the case of adverse transactions in the main market variables (exchange rate, interest rates and options volatility) or tight liquidity, both under the conditions observed in the past, with a certain confidence level, as well as when faced with simulations of severe stress environments.

Moreover, the Committee reviews the estimated financial results that these financial exposures generate monthly as well the results reported in the year, in order to measure the risk-return ratio involved in handling financial positions of the Treasury, the evolution of the use of capital and the estimated credit exposures of Treasury transactions, such as positions in bonds and the main credit exposures generated by derivatives transactions.

The Committee is responsible for designing policies and procedures for the establishment of limits and alerts of financial exposures, as well as to ensure a correct and opportune measurement, control and reporting of the same. Subsequently, policies and procedures are subject to approval by the Bank’s Board.

The Finance, International and Financial Risk Committee is made up of the Chairman, four Directors, the General Manager, the Manager of the Corporate and Investment Banking Division, the Manager of Treasury Division and the Manager of Financial Risk Area.

The Committee meets in regular session once a month and may be called by the extraordinary request of the President, two Directors or the General Manager.

 

  (iii) Credit Committees

The corporate governance structure of the Bank provides various credit committees responsible for credit decisions related to the different business segments and the type of risk involved.

Each credit committee is responsible for defining the terms and conditions of acceptance of counterparty risks considered in the evaluation. The Corporate Risk Division participates independently and autonomously from commercial areas.

These committees have higher expression in the Credit Committee of the Board, consisting of the General Manager, the Manager of Corporate Risk Division, and at least three directors who review all operations weekly that exceed UF 750,000. The attendance of the Directors is not limited to the number of Directors required; therefore, each and every one of the Board members can participate in the Board Credit Committee.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued:

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued:

 

  (iv) Portfolio Risk Committee

The main function of the Portfolio Risk Committee is to understand, from an overall perspective, the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio. This involves economic sectors, business segments, products, terms and everything that would affect the counterparty risk that the Bank assumes. This Committee reviews, in detail, the main exposures by economic groups, debtors and behavioral parameters such as default indicators, past due loans 90 days or more, impairment, charges-off and provisions for loan losses for each segment, and monitors the sectoral concentrations and its evolution in the framework of Sectoral Policy Limits.

The mission of this Committee is to approve and propose various risk management strategies to the Board. This includes credit policies, portfolio assessment methodologies and the calculation of provisions for loan losses. It is also responsible for the sufficiency of provisions; authorizing extraordinary charge-offs when recovery attempts have been exhausted; and management control settlement of assets received in lieu of payments. It also reviews the methodological guidelines for the development of credit risk models, which are assessed on the Technical Committee for the Supervision of internal models.

The Portfolio Risk Committee meets monthly and is composed of the Chairman of the Board, two Directors, the General Manager, the Manager of Corporate Risk Division, the Manager of Commercial Division, the Manager of the Individuals Risk Division and the Area Manager Risk Architecture and the boss of Information Intelligence Area. The Committee may be summoned to an extraordinary request of the President, two Directors or the General Manager.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued:

 

  (a) Risk Management Structure, continued:

 

  (v) Corporate Risk Division

Banco de Chile has a team with vast experience and knowledge in each matter related to risks associated with credit, market, operational and technology, which ensures comprehensive and consolidated management of the same, including the Bank and its subsidiaries, identifying and evaluating the risks generated in customers, in their own operations and their suppliers. The focus is on the future, finding determine with different techniques and tools, the potential changes that could affect the solvency, liquidity, the correct operation or the reputation of Banco of Chile.

Regarding the management of Credit Risk, Corporate Risk Division oversees the quality of the portfolio and optimizing the risk-return to all segments of people and companies managing the stages of approval, monitoring and recovery of loans granted.

 

  (b) Measurement Methodology

In terms of Credit Risk, provision levels and portfolio expenses are the basic measurements used to determine the credit quality of our portfolio.

Monitoring and controlling risks are performed primarily based on established limits by the board. These limits reflect the Bank’s business and market strategy as well as the risk level it is willing to accept, with added emphasis on selected industry sectors.

 

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42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (1) Introduction, continued:

 

  (b) Measurement Methodology, continued:

 

The Bank’s Chief Executive Officer, on a daily basis, and the Finance, International and Market Risk Committee, on a monthly basis, receive a report detailing the evolution of the Bank’s price and liquidity risk, based on both internal and regulator-imposed metrics.

Each year, the Board of Directors is presented with the results of a sufficiency test for allowances for loan loss. This test shows whether the Bank’s existing level of allowances for loan loss, both for the individual and group portfolios, is sufficient, based on historic losses or impairment experienced by the portfolio. The Board of Directors must issue a formal opinion on its sufficiency. The sufficiency test of the Chilean GAAP allowance and the related review by the Board has not resulted in supplementary provisions for our Chilean GAAP allowance, and, consequently, nor for our IFRS allowance. However, we consider similar factors for both our IFRS allowance and our Chilean GAAP allowance. If necessary we would adjust our IFRS allowance based on the results of the sufficiency test and the Board review if the underlying reason for the supplemental provision under Chilean GAAP were also an input or model used in our IFRS allowance methodology.

 

  (2) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that we will incur a loss because a customer or counterparty does not comply with their contractual obligations, mainly its origin is in account receivable and financial investments, and derivative instruments.

This risk is managed using a global, unified and forward-looking strategy, which recognizes the current and projected economic environment of the markets and segments in which our different businesses are developing and grants appropriate credit treatment to each such market or segment by using risk limits that we are willing to accept from counterparties.

Managing credit risk is, therefore, inherent to our business and must be incorporated into each segment in which we do business: In this way, we may achieve an optimum balance between assumed risks and attained returns and properly allocate capital to each business line while complying with regulations and criteria defined by the Board of Directors, in order to ensure that the Bank has an appropriate capital base for potential losses that may arise from its credit exposure.

Counterparty limits are established by analyzing financial information, risk ratings, the nature of the exposure, documentation, guarantees, market conditions and the pertinent industry sector, among other factors. The process of monitoring credit quality also includes identifying in advance any possible changes in counterparty’s payment capacity, which enables us to evaluate the potential loss from these risks and take corrective actions.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (a) Approval Process

Examination and approval of Bank loans operating under a differentiated approach, because there are different nature of the segments, which it characterizes by different basics in its variables of explanation of its financial structure and repayment ability. The general concepts involved in each approval process are:

 

   

Politics and procedures

 

   

Specialization and experience level of each participant of the decision process

 

   

Types and depth of technological platforms used

 

   

Type of model/indicators predictives for each segment (Scoring or Rating)

According to the mentioned above, there are three tipes of approval models:

Automated Model: This model is used to evaluate credit applications massive segments of individuals without a commercial business, Commercial Banking and Credichile. The fundamental pillars in this model of admission are the following dimensions:

 

   

Minimum credit profile

 

   

Borrowing Limits

 

   

Target Market

The credit profile is evaluated using statistics models of “Credit Scoring”, which are different for Commercial Area and Credichile, and also are segmented and specifics for different types of clients. The predictive ability of the models is fundamental to do successful risk management during different economics cycles, which force to be permanently reviewing the quality and the performance regarding to current market conditions and if these change.

Borrowing limits set the maximum exposure that the Bank is willing to take with each customer in different products, taking into consideration the debt they have with other financial institutions. These parameters are defined according to risk profile and by segment or income level of each client. The correct determination of the borrowing capacity of each type of customers is very important especially in more restrictive economic cycles, which are characterized by higher unemployment or reduced income from customers.

Definition of target market is an elemental dimension to guide the commercial efforts and business strategies. Offer of products more efficient allow to maximize the individual exposition and expected returns.

Parametric Model: For this segment, it has developed assessment and admission parametric methodologies in according to the characteristics of this kind of clients. This model combine features of mass segment through a parametric model, as well as case by case analysis which considers characteristics of clients of this segment. This model considers the evaluation of customers based on three pillars:

 

   

Behavior, both internal and external.

 

   

Financial Analysis.

 

   

Evaluation of the business and experience of the owners and/or management.

 

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42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (a) Approval Process, continued:

 

This process yields a parametric evaluation category that summarizes the credit quality of the customer through a rating, which is linked directly to the powers of credit required for each operation.

In those cases which its not possible to evaluate by rating, because there are a lower and poor quality information available, without exception, are reviewed directly by the Risk Area. This area makes a credit assessment, applying their expert criteria. Note that internal audits are performed on an ongoing basis to ensure the quality of the information used in the preparation of Rating.

Additionally, the Corporate Risk Division has specialized units that generate credit offers pre-approval for the retail market and in the small and medium enterprises. These mass assessment processes used statistic models and apply strategies according the different group of clients. These strategies are calibrating based in evolution of macroeconomics variables and behavior of the clients. These processes permanently provide a tool to improve the commercial management and customer care.

Case to case model: This type of analysis applies to wholesale market. Consist in individual assessment, which considers the level of risk, terms, transaction amount and complexity and perspective of the business and financial analysis among other variables. This approval process is also supported by a rating model which gives a more uniform assessment and determines the level of credit.

In this sense there are a process and consolidated team with high level of experience and expertise in approving appropriations for the various segments and sectors in which the Bank participates, with a perspective of medium and long term respect different industries and clients. Additionally, to make more effective the admission process, improving quality of assessment and optimizing times of responses to clients, the process of data collection, analysis and discussion of the proposed credit are prepared jointly by the risk and commercial areas through different models of attention of commercial lines.

It also has specialized areas in some segments which by their nature require expert knowledge (finance real estate, construction, agricultural, and others with advice ad hoc when they are very specific), which also support from the gestation of operations, counting with tools designed especially depending on the particular characteristics of business and their respective risks.

It should also be noted, that although it has areas dedicated to monitoring, into the admission areas, they develop permanently monitoring activities that allow monitoring jointly the develop of operations from the inception to the recovery to ensure that portfolio risks are appropriately recognized.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Control and Follow up

 

  (b.i) Corporations

In the enterprise market, management and monitoring are performed by a set of systematic processes, based on parametric indicators for small and medium companies and setting particular controls for large companies, for verifying the normal development in their business in time. As an example, are the following:

 

   

Delinquencies management, supported by the information of predictive indicators of risk level, with follow up and action plans in the case of more important clients, also manage of different strategies of early collection.

 

   

Structured controls of clients with credit covenants.

 

   

Systematic follow up of financial ratios, variables of credit behavior and financial figures of the corporations.

 

   

Control of particular conditions and restrictions of credits.

 

   

Management portfolio classification, which determines risk and required rate of provision, according to general rules established by the Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions, and specific criteria set out in the Bank, allowing correct application over clients who need a case to case revision.

 

   

Management portfolio in special follow up, through a periodic committee and permanent monitoring, allowing establish action plans for entities that presents risk alerts. Quick revision of the portfolio, determining clients potentially affected by the impact generated by a change in some relevant macroeconomical variables in aspecific sector or activity.

 

  (b.ii) Individuals

In individual markets, control and follow up focus in the permanent monitoring of principal indicator of risk and quality of the portfolio, Principal index are:

 

   

Follow up of the expected loss of the portfolio, through measurements of back-test performance of the group provision models.

 

   

Analysis of new clients and respective decomposition of default rate by type of product, segments and admission strategy.

 

   

Follow up delinquency rates for early and late phases for various dimensions, primarily aimed at the early detection of potential sources of risk higher than expected in the portfolio.

 

   

Rate of approval and rejection for request presented in first instance and through appeal, with details of information by different explicative attributes.

 

   

Follow up of mortgage portfolio according to variables of politics, tranches (loan to value), terms, relation dividend/income clients, segments, etc.

Additionally are defined Strategies of Risk Segmentation for processes of collection, which are compatibles with a appropriate structure, protocol and intensity to maximize the recovery in different phases of delinquency of clients.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (c) Derivative Instruments

Counterparty credit exposures generated by derivative transactions are determined utilizing SBIF and internal models.

Credit exposures under the SBIF framework are computed as follows:

Credit Exposure = Maximum (CMTM, 0) + Factor*Notional

CMTM: Current Mark-to-Market of the transaction

Notional: Transaction notional amount

Factor: Factors suggested by the BIS (Bank for International Settlements) in 1996

The exposures computed following SBIF models are measured daily, and they are used for reporting regulatory ratios and controlling legal limits, by counterparty, during the entire life of the transactions.

Additionally, we generate another metric which is the pre-settlement exposure (PSE at 95% confidence level) under internal models, as follows:

PSE =Maximum (CMTM + CEF*Notional, 0)

CMTM: Current Mark-to-Market of the transaction

Notional: Transaction notional amount

CEF: Credit Exposure Factor, which reflects the peak exposure of the transaction under 95% of confidence level

The portfolio approach is taken into account when computing exposures under internal models.

This metric calculated under internal models is used for measuring, limiting, controlling and reporting credit exposures by counterparty.

Credit mitigating conditions for derivative transactions, such as thresholds, margin calls, etc. have become popular in the local financial markets. Collateral agreements have been demanded by certain banks for inter-banking transactions but the effective application of netting in the case of bank’s default in Chile is doubtful; in fact, Chilean Banking Law allows the intervention of bank under stress by regulatory entities previous to the execution of the default. Therefore, we are not considering credit mitigations for transactions with banks domiciled in Chile. Conversely, netting is possible with nonbanking corporations and there are a few corporate customers that have accepted credit mitigations conditions. In any case, all transactions are documented under a regular Master Agreement, which has been reviewed by the local regulatory entities.

Derivatives transactions closed with counterparts residing abroad (mostly global banks) are documented utilizing ISDA and CSA. Netting and cash collateral above a certain threshold level are the typical credit mitigations in place for this kind of transactions.

 

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42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (d) Portfolio Concentration

Maximum credit risk exposure per counterparty without considering collateral or other credit enhancements as of December 31, 2013 and 2014 does not exceed 10% of the Bank’s Regulatory Capital, which corresponds to Capital plus some adjustments like subordinated bonds, provisions, goodwill, among others. This credit limit has been set forth in accordance with the Chilean Banking Law.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

The following tables show credit risk exposure per balance sheet item, including derivatives, detailed by both geographic region and industry sector as of December 31, 2013:

 

     Chile      United
States
     Brazil      Other      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

              

Cash and Due from Banks

     582,022         268,217         —           23,069         873,308   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

              

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     64,937         —           —           —           64,937   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     261,984         —           —           —           261,984   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     326,921         —           —           —           326,921   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     82,422         —           —           —           82,422   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

              

Forwards

     28,701         1,833         —           11,139         41,673   

Swaps

     158,810         88,495         —           44,124         291,429   

Call Options

     2,241         —           —           60         2,301   

Put Options

     525         —           —           75         600   

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     190,277         90,328         —           55,398         336,003   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

              

Forwards

     —           —           —           —           —     

Swaps

     2,992         3,971         —           31,721         38,684   

Call Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Put Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     2,992         3,971         —           31,721         38,684   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks (before allowances)

              

Central Bank of Chile

     600,581         —           —           —           600,581   

Domestic banks

     100,012         —           —           —           100,012   

Foreign banks

     —           —           254,977         107,778         362,755   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     700,593         —           254,977         107,778         1,063,348   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to Customers (before allowances for loans losses)

              

Commercial loans

     12,973,746         21,971         13,824         69,432         13,078,973   

Residential mortgage loans

     4,732,307         —           —           —           4,732,307   

Consumer loans

     3,069,490         —           —           —           3,069,490   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     20,775,543         21,971         13,824         69,432         20,880,770   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

              

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     586,408         —           —           —           586,408   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,019,253         —           —           —           1,019,253   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           71,533         4,689         —           76,222   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,605,661         71,533         4,689         —           1,681,883   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

 

    Financial
Services
MCh$
    Government
MCh$
    Retail
(Individuals)
MCh$
    Trade
MCh$
    Manufacturing
MCh$
    Mining
MCh$
    Electricity,
Gas and
Water
MCh$
    Agriculture
and
Livestock
MCh$
    Forestry
MCh$
    Fishing
MCh$
    Transportation
and Telecom
MCh$
    Construction
MCh$
    Services
MCh$
    Other
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Financial Assets

                             

Cash and Due from Banks

    801,521        71,787        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          873,308   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

                             

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    —          64,937        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          64,937   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    257,523        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          4,461        261,984   

Instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    257,523        64,937        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          4,461        326,921   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements Payables

    82,422        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          82,422   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

                             

Forwards

    34,384        —          13        1,024        2,885        1,050        25        694        —          546        450        11        105        486        41,673   

Swaps

    233,083        —          —          7,470        6,613        249        11,660        26,420        —          182        2,353        2,050        1,224        125        291,429   

Call Options

    446        —          —          647        1,017        —          —          48        —          —          60        8        75        —          2,301   

Put Options

    322        —          —          231        42        —          —          —          —          —          —          4        —          1        600   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    268,235        —          13        9,372        10,557        1,299        11,685        27,162        —          728        2,863        2,073        1,404        612        336,003   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

                             

Forwards

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Swaps

    38,684        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          38,684   

Call Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Put Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    38,684        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          38,684   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

                             

Central Bank of Chile

    —          600,581        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          600,581   

Domestic banks

    100,012        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          100,012   

Foreign banks

    362,755        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          362,755   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    462,767        600,581        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,063,348   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans to Customers, Net

                             

Commercial loans

    2,045,654        —          —          2,552,964        1,365,562        340,045        531,973        914,105        —          219,173        1,602,348        1,458,081        1,240,028        809,040        13,078,973   

Residential mortgage loans

    —          —          4,732,307        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          4,732,307   

Consumer loans

    —          —          3,069,490        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          3,069,490   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    2,045,654        —          7,801,797        2,552,964        1,365,562        340,045        531,973        914,105        —          219,173        1,602,348        1,458,081        1,240,028        809,040        20,880,770   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

                             

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    —          586,408        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          586,408   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    856,120        —          —          15,826        —          13,750        36,861        49        72,804        —          —          1,671        —          22,172        1,019,253   

Instruments issued abroad

    76,222        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          76,222   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    932,342        586,408        —          15,826        —          13,750        36,861        49        72,804        —          —          1,671        —          22,172        1,681,883   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-143


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

The following tables show credit risk exposure per balance sheet item, including derivatives, detailed by both geographic region and industry sector as of December 31, 2014:

 

     Chile      United
States
     Brazil      Other      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

              

Cash and Due from Banks

     636,423         257,476         —           21,234         915,133   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

              

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     88,870         —           —           —           88,870   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     204,588         —           —           —           204,588   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     293,458         —           —           —           293,458   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     27,360         —           —           301         27,661   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

              

Forwards

     120,793         3,065         —           16,892         140,750   

Swaps

     399,087         138,894         —           71,862         609,843   

Call Options

     2,263         —           —           320         2,583   

Put Options

     286         —           —           1         287   

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     522,429         141,959         —           89,075         753,463   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

              

Forwards

     —           —           —           —           —     

Swaps

     17,848         23,389         —           37,567         78,804   

Call Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Put Options

     —           —           —           —           —     

Futures

     —           —           —           —           —     

Others

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     17,848         23,389         —           37,567         78,804   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks (before allowances)

              

Central Bank of Chile

     551,108         —           —           —           551,108   

Domestic banks

     170,014         —           —           —           170,014   

Foreign banks

     —           —           268,141         166,918         435,059   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     721,122         —           268,141         166,918         1,156,181   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to Customers (before allowances for loans losses)

              

Commercial loans

     12,917,669         —           33,295         159,782         13,110,746   

Residential mortgage loans

     5,418,623         —           —           —           5,418,623   

Consumer loans

     3,361,964         —           —           —           3,361,964   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     21,698,256         —           33,295         159,782         21,891,333   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

              

From the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

     339,324         —           —           —           339,324   

Other instruments issued in Chile

     1,205,947         —           —           —           1,205,947   

Instruments issued abroad

     —           58,376         5,149         —           63,525   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,545,271         58,376         5,149         —           1,608,796   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

     —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-144


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

    Financial
Services
MCh$
    Government
MCh$
    Retail
(Individuals)
MCh$
    Trade
MCh$
    Manufacturing
MCh$
    Mining
MCh$
    Electricity,
Gas and
Water
MCh$
    Agriculture
and
Livestock
MCh$
    Forestry
MCh$
    Fishing
MCh$
    Transportation
and Telecom
MCh$
    Construction
MCh$
    Services
MCh$
    Other
MCh$
    Total
MCh$
 

Financial Assets

                             

Cash and Due from Banks

    767,918        147,215        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          915,133   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets held-for-trading

                             

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    —          88,870        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          88,870   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    203,237        —          —          1,351        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          204,588   

Instruments issued abroad

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    203,237        88,870        —          1,351        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          293,458   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements Payables

    19,610        —          —          —          —          —          —          80        —          —          —          29        287        7,655        27,661   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Derivative Contracts for Trading Purposes

                             

Forwards

    133,237        —          —          1,475        3,514        1,144        48        615        —          50        443        2        185        37        140,750   

Swaps

    550,858        —          —          9,273        12,514        7,335        20,139        6,108        —          185        1,708        1,050        673        —          609,843   

Call Options

    819        —          —          177        1,180        190        —          137        —          —          25        21        34        —          2,583   

Put Options

    121        —          —          88        42        —          —          7        —          —          —          29        —          —          287   

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    685,035        —          —          11,013        17,250        8,669        20,187        6,867        —          235        2,176        1,102        892        37        753,463   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Hedge Derivative Contracts

                             

Forwards

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Swaps

    78,804        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          78,804   

Call Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Put Options

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Futures

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    78,804        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          78,804   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans and advances to Banks

                             

Central Bank of Chile

    —          551,108        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          551,108   

Domestic banks

    170,014        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          170,014   

Foreign banks

    435,059        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          435,059   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    605,073        551,108        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          1,156,181   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans to Customers, Net

                             

Commercial loans

    1,875,665        —          —          2,375,322        1,498,904        356,363        442,066        946,795        —          261,189        1,668,103        1,423,597        1,565,777        696,965        13,110,746   

Residential mortgage loans

    —          —          5,418,623        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          5,418,623   

Consumer loans

    —          —          3,361,964        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          3,361,964   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,875,665        —          8,780,587        2,375,322        1,498,904        356,363        442,066        946,795        —          261,189        1,668,103        1,423,597        1,565,777        696,965        21,891,333   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial Assets Available-for-Sale

                             

from the Chilean Government and Central Bank of Chile

    —          339,324        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          339,324   

Other instruments issued in Chile

    1,067,650        18,675        —          19,025        —          7,288        34,546        51,191        —          —          5,859        1,713        —          —          1,205,947   

Instruments issued abroad

    58,376        —          —          5,149        —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          63,525   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal

    1,126,026        357,999        —          24,174        —          7,288        34,546        51,191        —          —          5,859        1,713        —          —          1,608,796   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Financial assets held-to-Maturity

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —          —     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

F-145


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (e) Collateral and Other Credit Enhancements

The following table contains a detail of the collateral that are held to mitigate the exposure to credit risk:

 

            Fair value of collateral and credit enhancements held as of
December 31, 2013
               

Loans to customers:

   Maximum
exposure
to credit
risk
MCh$
     Mortgages
MCh$
     Pledge(*)
MCh$
     Securities
MCh$
     Warrants
MCh$
     Others
MCh$
     Net
collateral
MCh$
     Net
exposure
MCh$
 

Corporate lending

     9,739,552         2,584,481         295,387         927,826         2,292         468,023         4,278,009         5,461,543   

Small business lending

     3,339,421         1,793,299         71,596         313,326         —           42,350         2,220,571         1,118,850   

Consumer lending

     3,069,490         248,625         8,404         4,357         —           18,262         279,648         2,789,842   

Mortgage lending

     4,732,307         4,365,861         242         1,054         —           —           4,367,157         365,150   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     20,880,770         8,992,266         375,629         1,246,563         2,292         528,635         11,145,385         9,735,385   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
            Fair value of collateral and credit enhancements held as of
December 31, 2014
               

Loans to customers:

   Maximum
exposure

to credit
risk
MCh$
     Mortgages
MCh$
     Pledge(*)
MCh$
     Securities
MCh$
     Warrants
MCh$
     Others
MCh$
     Net
collateral
MCh$
     Net
exposure
MCh$
 

Corporate lending

     10,152,759         1,869,995         92,097         509,345         1,979         348,439         2,821,855         7,330,904   

Small business lending

     2,957,987         1,712,185         27,989         33,762         85         47,569         1,821,590         1,136,397   

Consumer lending

     3,361,964         222,985         1,639         2,450         —           17,854         244,928         3,117,036   

Mortgage lending

     5,418,623         4,851,400         78         657         —           —           4,852,135         566,488   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     21,891,333         8,656,565         121,803         546,214         2,064         413,862         9,740,508         12,150,825   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) Includes agricultural and industrial pledges and pledges without conveyance

The above table presents the value of collateral that the Bank uses for mitigate the exposure risk. These value corresponds to a value that is generally assessed, at a minimum, at inception by a certified appraiser and later, this amount is adjusted by a financial model that considers several different factors (see note 2 (h)).

 

F-146


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (e) Collateral and Other Credit Enhancements, continued:

 

The amount and type of collateral required depends on the counterparty’s credit risk assessment.

The Bank has guidelines regarding the acceptability of types of collateral and valuation parameters.

The main types of collateral obtained are:

 

   

For commercial loans: Residential and non-residential real estate, liens and inventory.

 

   

For retail loans: Mortgages on residential property.

The Bank also obtains collateral from parent companies for loans granted to their subsidiaries.

Management makes sure its collateral is acceptable according to both external standards and internal policy guidelines and parameters. The Bank has approximately 200,623 collateral assets, the majority of which consist of real estate.

The Bank also uses the following mitigating tactics for credit risk on derivative transactions:

 

   

Accelerating transactions and net payment using market values at the date of default of one of the parties.

 

   

Option for both parties to terminate early any transactions with a counterparty at a given date, using market values as of the respective date.

 

   

Margins established with time deposits by customers that close FX forwards with subsidiary Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class

The Bank determines the credit quality of financial assets using internal credit ratings. The rating process is linked to the Bank’s approval and monitoring processes and is carried out in accordance with risk categories established by current standards. Credit quality is continuously updated based on any favorable or unfavorable developments to customers or their environments, considering aspects such as commercial and payment behavior as well as financial information.

The Bank also conducts reviews of companies in certain industry sectors that are affected by macroeconomic or sector-specific variables. Such reviews allow the Bank to timely establish any necessary allowance loan losses that are sufficient to cover losses for potentially uncollectable loans.

 

F-147


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

The following table shows credit quality by asset class for balance sheet items, based on the Bank’s credit rating system.

 

     As of December 31, 2013  
     Individual Portfolio      Group Portfolio  
     Normal      Substandard      Non-complying      Normal      Non-complying      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

                 

Loans and advances to banks

                 

Central Bank of Chile

     600,581         —           —           —           —           600,581   

Domestic banks

     100,012         —           —           —           —           100,012   

Foreign banks

     362,755         —           —           —           —           362,755   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,063,348         —           —           —           —           1,063,348   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers (before allowances for loan losses)

                 

Commercial loans

     10,482,877         224,447         155,324         2,011,162         205,163         13,078,973   

Residential mortgage loans

     —           —           —           4,662,977         69,330         4,732,307   

Consumer loans

     —           —           —           2,856,365         213,125         3,069,490   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     10,482,877         224,447         155,324           9,530,504         487,618         20,880,770   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Individual Portfolio      Group Portfolio  
     Normal      Substandard      Non-complying      Normal      Non-complying      Total  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Financial Assets

                 

Loans and advances to banks

                 

Central Bank of Chile

     551,108         —           —           —           —           551,108   

Domestic banks

     170,014         —           —           —           —           170,014   

Foreign banks

     435,059         —           —           —           —           435,059   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,156,181         —           —           —           —           1,156,181   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers (before allowances for loan losses)

                 

Commercial loans

     10,576,242         176,882         200,670         1,942,685         214,267         13,110,746   

Residential mortgage loans

     —           —           —           5,325,029         93,594         5,418,623   

Consumer loans

     —           —           —           3,124,586         237,378         3,361,964   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     10,576,242         176,882         200,670         10,392,300         545,239         21,891,333   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-148


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

Substandard and Non-Complying loans

The following table shows the conciliation between Normal and Impaired Portfolio and classification criteria of impaired loans, which includes some categories of substandard loans:

 

     December      December  
     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Individual Portfolio

     

Substandard (categories B1 – B4)

     224,447         176,882   

Non-complying (categories C1 – C6)

     155,324         200,670   

Group Portfolio

     

Non-complying

     487,618         545,239   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total substandard and non-complying categories (from B1 to C6)

     867,389         922,791   

Total impaired loans (categories B3 – C6)

     725,899         829,096   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Normal portfolio (categories B1 – B2)

     141,490         93,695   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Categories B3 to C6 present objective evidence of impairment, as a result of the occurrence of one or more conditions or events described below, according to paragraph 59 of IAS 39.

Related to categories B1 and B2 correspond to debtors who have sufficient credit quality, so these categories are not considered impaired.

The classification criteria are the following:

 

Categories         Criteria      
B1 – Normal      Vulnerable ability to make payments, with some difficult in some of them, but debtor regularized payments on a timely basis     
       
B2 – Normal      Debtor with low but sufficient credit quality     
       
B3 – Impaired      Debtor with a very low credit quality     
   
       Weak ability to make payments, and it has shown delinquency in its payments, may need a financial restructuring     
       
B4 – Impaired      Debtor with minimum credit quality     
   
       This debtor type presents a history of negative behaviors in the past 12 months     
       
C1-C6 Impaired      These categories include debtors and their credits, the recovery of which is considered remote, as they present a deteriorating or no ability to pay     
   
       Debtors with obvious signs of possible bankruptcy, as well as those debtors where a forced restructuring of debt is necessary to avoid default     
   
       These categories comprise all loans outstanding from debtors that have at least one installment payment of interest or principal overdue for 90 days or more     

 

F-149


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

The following tables below provide details of financial assets past due as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, listed by their first past-due date.

The detailed amounts include installments that are overdue, plus the remaining balance of principal and interest on such loans.

Terms:

Default 1: 1 to 29 days

Default 2: 30 to 59 days

Default 3: 60 to 89 days

As of December 31, 2013:

 

     Default 1
MCh$
     Default 2
MCh$
     Default 3
MCh$
 

Loans and advances to banks

     1,515         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal past-due loans and advances to banks

     1,515         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commercial loans

     160,935         40,721         17,540   

Import-export financing

     35,735         397         431   

Factoring transactions

     30,187         5,426         1,542   

Commercial lease transactions

     49,049         7,047         3,553   

Other loans and receivables

     1,104         554         225   

Residential mortgage loans

     90,615         35,270         15,846   

Consumer loans

     224,241         73,041         27,524   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal past-due loans to customers

     591,866         162,456         66,661   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total past due

     593,381         162,456         66,661   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

As of December 31, 2014:

 

     Default 1
MCh$
     Default 2
MCh$
     Default 3
MCh$
 

Loans and advances to banks

     23,176         35,197         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal past-due loans and advances to banks

     23,176         35,197         —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commercial loans

     140,430         106,844         25,513   

Import-export financing

     11,939         2,895         563   

Factoring transactions

     28,210         4,554         1,170   

Commercial lease transactions

     54,605         10,958         2,747   

Other loans and receivables

     1,598         483         311   

Residential mortgage loans

     112,031         49,711         19,030   

Consumer loans

     219,173         87,774         34,593   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal past-due loans to customers

     567,986         263,219         83,927   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total past due

     591,162         298,416         83,927   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

F-151


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (f) Credit Quality by Asset Class, continued:

 

As of December 31, the aging analysis of loans is as follows:

 

            Past due but not impaired (*)         

As of December 31,

   Neither
past
due or
impaired
MCh$
     Up to
30 days
MCh$
     Over
30 days
and up to
60 days
MCh$
     Over
60 days
and up to
90 days
MCh$
     Over
90 days
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

2014

     20,354,370         482,154         189,117         34,748         1,848         21,062,237   

2013

     19,504,487         513,193         105,977         30,153         1,061         20,154,871   

 

(*) These amounts include installments that are overdue, plus the remaining balance of principal and interest on such loans.

 

  (g) Collateral

The value of collateral maintained by the Bank for loans individually classified as impaired as of December 31, 2013 and 2014 is MCh$91,105 and MCh$116,445, respectively.

The value of collateral maintained by the Bank for loans overdue but non-impaired as of December 31, 2013 and 2014 is MCh$249,058 and MCh$271,899, respectively.

 

  (h) Assets Received in Lieu of Payment

The Bank has received assets in lieu of payment totaling MCh$19,032 and MCh$6,477 as of December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively, the majority of which are properties. All of these assets are managed for sale.

 

F-152


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (i) Renegotiated Assets

The impaired loans are considered to be renegotiated when the corresponding financial commitments are restructured and the Bank assesses the probability of recovery as sufficiently high.

The following table details the book value of loans with renegotiated terms per financial asset class:

 

     2013
MCh$
     2014
MCh$
 

Financial assets

     

Loans and advances to banks

     

Domestic banks

     —           —     

Foreign banks

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans to customers, net

     

Commercial loans

     163,827         190,692   

Residential mortgage loans

     21,411         19,585   

Consumer loans

     311,363         324,622   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

     496,601         534,899   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total renegotiated financial assets

     496,601         534,899   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Bank evaluates allowances loan losses in two segments: individually assessed allowances loan losses and group assessed allowances loan losses, which are described in more detail in Note 2(h).

Complementary Information

The renegotiated portfolio of Banco de Chile represents 2.44% of the total loans and the redefault rate of these loans for retail segment is 28.04% as of December 31, 2013 (the Bank does not have this information for other segments for internal purposes).

The most common type of modification is to extend the term of the loan. For payment extensions, depending on the characteristics of each credit, the Bank may change the initial conditions in terms of interest rate and initial grace period for the first payment. With respect to forgiveness of principal, the Bank typically does not give this benefit. The Board of Directors might on rare occasions approve a portion of principal forgiveness on certain credit-operations that have been impaired and provisioned previously. Based on this knowledge, the Bank estimates that about 80% of renegotiated loans extend the maturity date, including a new amortization schedule. Only those borrowers which are considered viable are renegotiated, and that the average term of the commercial credit renegotiated is 38 months, demonstrating the relatively short payment extensions given. If the debtor is not considered to be financially viable, the Bank proceeds to the legal collection of debts.

 

F-153


Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (2) Credit Risk, continued:

 

  (i) Renegotiated Assets, continued:

 

The Bank does not have information related to the balance of loans modified by type of concession because is not required to record this information by the local banking regulator and this information is much used by our peers. However, the Bank continually monitors its deteriorated portfolio as defined in Note 2(h)( v). Also, for internal purposes the renegotiated loan portfolio is analyzed and reviewed as part of the impaired portfolio. Therefore, for management and regulatory (local and IFRS) reporting purposes the bank does not frequently use information on loans modified by types of concession.

The Bank determines the appropriate amount of allowance for loan losses as follows:

The commercial loan renegotiations are always evaluated and approved individually by the credit committee with all the background and history of previous approvals, including financial records, delinquencies or other previous renegotiations of the debtor. Since almost the entire commercial portfolio is individually provisioned, it is in this approval step of the renegotiation where the level of provision for each debtor is determined.

Among the variables that are considered by the credit committee to establish the level of provisions is payment capacity and the collateral coverage. The condition of a new default of a renegotiated credit is considered when the credit committee is establishing the new level of provisions, which in general as a consequence of this higher risk, could increase up to 65% of the loan.

On the other hand, for the portfolio evaluated for provisioning purposes as a group, the models contain past behavior variables, incorporating delinquencies and default prior to renegotiation for six months, recognizing the increased risk and generating a higher level of provisions. The provision can only be decreased if the renegotiated client has good payment behavior (an overdue period of less than 30 days), in a period of over seven months.

Moreover, an operation identified as renegotiation never leaves this classification for purposes of monitoring and provisioning.

 

  (j) Impairment Testing

The main tools used to test loan impairment include an analysis of whether principal or interest payments are more than 90 days past due or if the counterparty is experiencing any known cash flow problems, reductions in credit ratings or default of the original contractual terms.

 

  (k) Off balance sheet accounts

In order to meet our customers’ financial needs, the Bank has extended several irrevocable commitments and contingent obligations. Even though these obligations are not recognized in the balance sheet, they involve credit risk and thus form part of the Bank’s general risk exposure.

Credit risk exposure generated by contingent obligations is disclosed in Note 27.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk

Market Risk is referred as to the potential loss the Bank may incur due to an adverse change of market factors levels (such as FX rates, equity prices, interest rates, options volatility, etc.) or due to the absence of liquidity.

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk

Liquidity Risk Measurement and Limits

The Bank measure and control the Trading Liquidity risk for Trading portfolios by establishing limits to certain specific tenors for each yield curve, limits to spot positions for FX or Equity portfolios. Trading Liquidity for debt instruments that are part of the Accrual Book is not limited explicitly, taking into account that in this case the positions are expected to be held until medium term or even until maturity.

Funding Liquidity is controlled and limited using the regulatory C08 Index report, which estimates expected net cash flows whithin a period of time.

The SBIF authorized Banco de Chile to utilize the C08 Adjusted Index report, which includes, in addition to the regular report, behavioral maturity assumptions for some specific balance sheet items, such as roll-over or evergreen patterns for some portion of the loan portfolios; some portion of the demand deposits are considered core and therefore no withdrawal is reported, etc.

The SBIF sets the following limits for the C08 Index:

 

Foreign Currency balance sheet items:   1-30 days C08 index < 1 x Basic Capital   
All Currencies balance sheet items:   1-30 days C08 index < 1 x Basic Capital   
All Currencies balance sheet items:   1-90 days C08 index < 2 x Basic Capital   

As of December 30, 2014, the 1-30 days Adjusted C08 Index of foreign currency balance sheet items is 0.072. The 1-30 days Adjusted C08 Index of all currencies balance sheet items on that date is reported as 0.267; the value of the same index for the period 1 to 90 days is 0.452.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk, continued:

 

The maturity profile of the consolidated financial liabilities of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries, as of 2013 and 2014 end-of-year, is detailed below:

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and
3 months
MCh$
     Between 3
and
12 months
MCh$
     Between
1 and 3
years
MCh$
     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
     More
than
5 years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2013

                    

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     5,984,332         —           —           —           —           —           5,984,332   

Transactions in the course of payment

     51,898         —           —           —           —           —           51,898   

Accounts Payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     259,688         —           —           —           —           —           259,688   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     5,009,358         2,351,121         3,005,112         213,203         145         31         10,578,970   

Derivative instruments

     301,981         159,374         293,688         236,384         244,998         377,838         1,614,263   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     95,776         361,825         262,142         —           —           —           719,743   

Other financial obligations

     267,881         144,898         259,689         826,803         803,737         2,500,987         4,803,995   

Debt issued in foreign currency different USD

     437         770         70,215         204,925         248,714         345,363         870,424   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total undiscounted financial liabilities (excluding derivatives with offsetting agreements)

     11,971,351         3,017,988         3,890,846         1,481,315         1,297,594         3,224,219         24,883,313   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives with offsetting agreements

     45,775         188,282         513,583         688,081         519,512         899,830         2,855,063   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and
3 months
MCh$
     Between 3
and

12  months
MCh$
     Between
1 and 3
years
MCh$
     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
     More
than
5 years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2014

                    

Current accounts and other demand deposits

     6,934,373         —           —           —           —           —           6,934,373   

Transactions in the course of payment

     53,049         —           —           —           —           —           53,049   

Accounts Payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     249,198         92         —           —           —           —           249,290   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     4,956,782         2,162,419         2,596,404         154,505         172         188         9,870,470   

Derivative instruments

     269,665         278,329         286,634         409,966         296,234         486,087         2,026,915   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     59,589         158,480         677,611         200,010         —           —           1,095,690   

Other financial obligations

     756         1,140         5,939         12,713         17,685         18,585         56,818   

Debt issued in foreign currency different USD

     114,339         222,257         566,735         1,134,570         1,219,836         2,882,249         6,139,986   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total undiscounted financial liabilities (excluding derivatives with offsetting agreements)

     12,637,751         2,822,717         4,133,323         1,911,764         1,533,927         3,387,109         26,426,591   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivatives with offsetting agreements

     178,635         110,298         727,089         1,208,217         638,045         895,239         3,757,523   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Loans-to-deposit ratio for 2013 and 2014 is detailed below:

Loans-to-Deposit Ratio

 

    

December 31,

2013

  

December 31,

2014

Maximum

   2.47    2.74

Minimum

   2.28    2.43

Average

   2.38    2.61

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued

 

  (a) Liquidity Risk, continued:

 

Banco de Chile has established internal liquidity metrics, in addition to those required by the regulatory entities, with the objective of covering other dimensions of liquidity risk, such as large funds providers diversification; maturity concentration triggers; etc. These and other financial ratios are monthly monitored in order to early detect structural changes of the balance sheet profile. Additionally, the bank is closely monitoring market triggers, such as interest rates levels, intervention of the markets made by the Central Bank, the 5-year Chile CDS spread, etc. These allow the bank to early prevent systemic crisis due to market conditions.

 

  (b) Price Risk

Price Risk Measurement and Limits

The Price Risk measurement and management processes are implemented utilizing various internal metrics and reports. These are built for the Trading portfolio and separately for the Bank book (also referred as to the Accrual book). In addition to this, and just on supplementary basis, the bank submits regulatory reports to the corresponding regulatory entities.

The regulatory risk measurement for the Trading portfolio (SBIF C41 report) is made by using standardized methodologies provided by the regulatory entities (Central Bank of Chile and SBIF), which are adopted from BIS 1993 standardized methodologies for the risk measurement of such portfolios. The referred methodologies estimate the potential loss that the Bank may incur considering standardized fluctuations of the market factors (FX rates, interest rates, etc,) relevant market factors that may adversely impact the value of interest rate positions, FX spot positions and vega positions generated by either FX or interest rate options portfolios. The interest rate shifts are provided by the regulatory entity; in addition, very conservative correlation and tenors factors are included in order to include non-parallel yield curve shifts reflecting steepening/flattering behaviors. The impact due to FX open positions is obtained by using huge fluctuations (8% for liquid FX rates and 30% for the illiquid ones). The SBIF does not establish a separate limit for this particular risk but a global one that includes this risk (also called Market Risk Equivalent or ERM) and the Risk Weighted Assets (also called RAAP assets). The sum of ERM and the 10% of the RAAP assets cannot exceed the 100% of the bank’s Regulatory Capital. In the future, the Operational Risk will be included to the above sum.

Additionally, the Bank has established internal limits for the Trading Book. In fact, there are limits for the FX net open positions (FX delta), for the interest rate sensitivities generated by the derivatives and debt securities portfolios (DV01 or also referred as to rho) and for the FX volatility sensitivity (vega). Limits are established on an aggregate basis but also for some specific repricing tenor points. The use of these limits are monitored, controlled and reported on a daily basis by independent parties to the senior management of the Bank. The internal governance framework also establishes that these limits are approved by the board and must be reviewed at least annually.

The Bank utilizes the parametric VaR (Value-at-Risk or VaR) as the risk measurement tool for the trading portfolio exposures. The model includes 99% confidence level; overnight volatility of market factors fluctuations and correlations between them are obtained from historical closing rates observed the most recent one-year period. This VaR number is escalated by 22 days (a calendar month) for reporting purposes.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The regulatory risk measurement for the Bank Book (SBIF C40 report) due to interest rate fluctuations is made by using standardized methodologies provided by the regulatory entities (Central Bank of Chile and SBIF). The report includes models for reporting interest rate gaps and standardized adverse interest rate fluctuations. In addition to this, the regulatory entity has requested from banks to establish internal limits for this regulatory risk measurement. Limits must be established separately for short-term and long-term portfolios. The short-term risk limit must be expressed as a percentage of the NIM and the long term risk limit as a percentage of the Regulatory Capital. The bank is currently using 25% for both limits. The use of these limits during 2014 is illustrated below:

 

    

Banking Risk Book

Short term

   

Banking Risk Book

Long Term

 

Maximum Use

     9.3     18.5

Average Use

     7.3     17.4

Minimum Use

     6.1     16.6

Additionally, the Bank utilizes build-in models for measuring, limiting, controlling and reporting interest rate exposures (IRE) and interest rate risks (also called Earnings at Risk or EaR) for the Accrual Book. The Accrual book includes all balance sheet items (even some items that are excluded by the regulators in the analysis of the Bank Book, such as Capital and Fixed Assets, for example). The internal models consider a more comprehensive and detailed analysis of interest rates fluctuations, exchange rates and inflation than the SBIF C40 report required by regulators.

In addition to the above, the Market Risk Policy of Banco de Chile enforces to perform daily stress tests for trading portfolios and on a monthly basis for accrual portfolios. The output of the stress testing process is compared to corresponding trigger levels: in the case triggers are breached, the senior management is notified in order to implement further actions, if necessary. Moreover, intra-month actual P&L for trading activities is compared to some trigger levels: escalation to senior levels is also done when breaches occur.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The following table illustrates the interest rate positions of the Bank Book (repricing tenors) as of December 31, 2013 and 2014:

Accrual Book Interest Rate Exposure by Maturity

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and
3 months
MCh$
     Between 3
and
12 months
MCh$
     Between
1 and 3
years
MCh$
     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
     More
than 5
years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets as of December 31, 2013

                    

Cash and due from banks

     848,757         —           —           —           —           —           848,757   

Transactions in the course of collection

     360,806         —           —           —           —           —           360,806   

Accounts receivable from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     54,591         —           —           —           —           —           54,591   

Derivative instruments

     361,734         86,268         176,636         80,287         258,915         374,745         1,338,585   

Loans and advances to banks

     791,728         117,220         156,297         —           —           —           1,065,245   

Loans to customers, net

     3,457,101         2,743,019         5,681,608         4,582,528         2,293,838         5,890,051         24,648,145   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     85,500         187,044         455,332         174,413         517,638         388,187         1,808,114   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     5,960,217         3,133,551         6,469,873         4,837,228         3,070,391         6,652,983         30,124,243   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and  3
months
MCh$
     Between 3
and

12  months
MCh$
     Between
1 and 3
years
MCh$
     Between
3 and 5
years
MCh$
     More
than 5
years

MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Assets as of December 31, 2014

                    

Cash and due from banks

     889,489         —           —           —           —           —           889,489   

Transactions in the course of collection

     387,434         —           —           —           —           —           387,434   

Accounts receivable from repurchase agreements and security borrowing

     820         —           —           —           —           —           820   

Derivative instruments

     382,138         155,483         113,921         180,892         451,807         320,352         1,604,593   

Loans and advances to banks

     810,826         80,057         249,764         18,501         —           —           1,159,148   

Loans to customers, net

     3,431,877         3,244,400         5,446,614         4,789,951         2,420,640         6,575,962         25,909,444   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     166,115         166,562         509,046         153,964         171,256         574,193         1,741,136   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —           —           —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

     6,068,699         3,646,502         6,319,345         5,143,308         3,043,703         7,470,507         31,692,064   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The tables below included projected contractual interest, as of December 31, 2013 and 2014:

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and
3 months
MCh$
     Between 3
and

12  months
MCh$
     Between 1
and 3 years
MCh$
     Between
3 and  5
years
MCh$
     More
than  5
years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2013

                    

Current accounts and demand deposits

     6,012,841         —           —           —           —           —           6,012,841   

Transactions in the course of payment

     114,589         —           —           —           —           —           114,589   

Accounts payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     16,964         —           —           —           —           —           16,964   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     5,141,774         2,211,623         3,005,229         213,224         135         31         10,572,016   

Derivative instruments

     12,396         3,372         142,660         435,245         279,419         492,682         1,365,774   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     279,063         513,096         194,863         —           —           —           987,022   

Debt issued

     300,614         143,669         259,129         881,605         1,033,552         2,819,652         5,438,221   

Other financial obligations

     161,134         1,258         7,013         13,604         17,438         23,840         224,287   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     12,039,375         2,873,018         3,608,894         1,543,678         1,330,544         3,336,205         24,731,714   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Up to 1
month
MCh$
     Between
1 and
3 months
MCh$
     Between 3
and

12  months
MCh$
     Between 1
and 3 years
MCh$
     Between
3 and  5
years
MCh$
     More
than 5
years
MCh$
     Total
MCh$
 

Liabilities as of December 31, 2014

                    

Current accounts and demand deposits

     6,950,301         —           —           —           —           —           6,950,301   

Transactions in the course of payment

     82,932         —           —           —           —           —           82,932   

Accounts payable from repurchase agreements and security lending

     25,662         —           —           —           —           —           25,662   

Savings accounts and time deposits

     5,141,552         1,977,615         2,596,404         154,511         166         188         9,870,436   

Derivative instruments

     3,911         3,808         199,533         542,556         522,765         339,547         1,612,120   

Borrowings from financial institutions

     534,341         435,417         125,985         —           —           —           1,095,743   

Debt issued

     251,953         314,199         565,036         902,456         1,218,631         2,880,053         6,132,328   

Other financial obligations

     142,484         1,140         5,939         12,713         17,685         18,585         198,546   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     13,133,136         2,732,179         3,492,897         1,612,236         1,759,247         3,238,373         25,968,068   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The Bank has focused on stress tests as the main measurement tool for analyzing price risk sensitivity. The analysis is implemented for the Trading Book and the Bank Book separately. After the financial crisis started during 2008 and based on the various studies and analyses made on this specific matter, the Bank adopted this tool, for sensitivity analysis, when it notices that it is more reliable than normal distribution instruments such as VaR for trading portfolios or EaR for accrual portfolios, since:

 

  (a) The financial crisis shows fluctuations that are materially higher than those used in the VaR with 99% of confidence level.

 

  (b) The financial crisis shows also that correlations between these fluctuations that are materially different to those used in the VaR, since crisis precisely indicate severe disconnections between the behavior of market factors respect to the patterns normally observed.

 

  (c) Trading liquidity dramatically decreased in emerging markets during the financial crisis (in the case of Chile too) and therefore, the escalation of the daily VaR is a very gross approximation of the expected loss.

Stress tests are produced observing historical events and collecting market factors data.

The former allow the Bank to gauge actual distress events in terms of magnitude but mainly focused on detecting unusual fluctuations.

The latter gives the Bank the technical background for implementing statistical analysis. An updated database is maintained including historical data of foreign exchange rates, debt instruments yields to maturity, derivatives swap yields, foreign exchange volatilities, etc. that enable the Bank to maintain up-to-date records of historical volatility of market factors fluctuations and correlations between these ones.

Given the above, the stress tests may be implemented modeling directional fluctuations but also knowing the magnitude of the modeled fluctuations relative to statistical data and also how frequent the fluctuation modeled occurred in the past.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

In order to comply with IFRS 7.40, we include the following exercise illustrating an estimation of the impact of feasible but reasonable fluctuations of interest rates, swaps yield, foreign exchange rates and foreign exchange volatilities embedded in the Trading and Accrual portfolios. Given that the Bank’s portfolio includes positions denominated in nominal and real interest rates, these fluctuations must be aligned with realistic inflation changes forecast. The exercise is implemented in a very simplistic way: trading portfolios impacts are estimated by multiplying DV01s by expected interest rates shifts; accrual portfolios impacts are computed by multiplying cumulative gaps by forward interest rates modeled fluctuations. It is relevant to note, this methodology includes the limitation that the interest rates convexity is not properly captured when material fluctuations are modeled; additionally, neither convexity nor prepayments behaviors are captured for the accrual portfolio analysis. In any case, given the magnitude of the shifts, the methodology may be accurate enough for the purposes and scope of the analysis.

The following table illustrates the fluctuations modeled and used in the stress testing process. Bonds yields, derivatives yields, FX rates, FX CLP/USD volatility and inflation fluctuations are shown for each tenor point. Equity prices fluctuations are not included given that the positions held in the stockbrokerage house (Banchile Corredores de Bolsa SA) are negligible. In fact, equity positions are typically very small given that this legal vehicle is mostly focused on customer driven transactions (brokerage service or equity swaps transactions closed with customers).

The directions of these fluctuations were chosen between four scenarios (two positive economic scenarios and two negative economic scenarios) in order to generate the worst impact for Trading Book within the four above mentioned:

 

Market Factor Fluctuations: adverse scenario

 
     CLP
Derivatives
(bps)
     CLP
Bonds
(bps)
     CLF
Derivatives
(bps)
    CLF
Bonds
(bps)
    USD
Offshore 3m
Derivatives
(bps)
     Spread
USD

On/Off
Derivatives
(bps)
    Vol FX
CLP/USD
(%)
    Inflation’s
Change
Period n-1 to  n
(Monthly Basis)
(%)
 

3 months

     20         24         (129     (184     1         (68     (3.9 %)      0.16

6 months

     23         26         (51     (63     5         (52     (3.4 %)      (0.02 %) 

9 months

     26         27         (23     (27     6         (26     (3.0 %)      (0.01 %) 

1 year

     29         27         (9     (11     8         (23     (2.8 %)      0.00

2 years

     33         32         (3     (4     15         (8     (2.8 %)      0.03

4 years

     30         52         6        27        28         (9     —          0.01

6 years

     30         63         8        41        34         (10     —          0.01

10 years

     29         67         6        42        37         (18     —          0.02

16 years

     29         67         5        41        37         (4     —          0.02

20 years

     29         67         5        41        37         (19     —          0.02

Bps = Basis points

 

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Table of Contents

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The impact on the Trading Book as of 30 December 2014 is the following:

POTENTIAL P&L IMPACT

TRADING BOOK

 

    
     MCh$  

CLP Interest Rate

     (2,748

Derivatives

     (1,291

Securities

     (1,456
  

 

 

 

CLF Interest Rate

     (1,052

Derivatives

     (320

Securities

     (733
  

 

 

 

USD, EUR, JPY Offshore Interest Rate

     812   

USD, EUR, JPY On/Off Spread

     (1,067
  

 

 

 

Total Interest Rate

     (4,055
  

 

 

 

Total FX

     (700
  

 

 

 

Total FX OPTION Vega

     (97
  

 

 

 

Potential P&L Impact: Interest Rate + FX + Vega

     (4,852
  

 

 

 

Banco de Chile Basic Capital

     2,535,154   
  

 

 

 

The scenario modeled would generate losses in the Trading Book up to MCh$ 4,852 or USD 8 MM. In any case, these fluctuations would not result in material losses compared to the Basic Capital.

The impact of such fluctuations in the Accrual portfolio, which is not necessarily a gain/loss but greater/lower net revenue from funds generation, is illustrated below:

POTENTIAL MARGINAL NRFF(*) ACCRUAL

BOOK (next 12 months)

     MCh$  

Higher / (Lower NRFF)

     (118,438
  

 

 

 

Impact due to Inter-Banking yield curve (Swap yield) shock

     (97,647

Impact due to spreads shock

     (20,791

 

(*) Net revenues from funds

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (3) Market Risk, continued:

 

  (b) Price Risk, continued:

 

The adverse impact in the Accrual book would be the result of two events: a severe drop in the local inflation and the increase of our funding spread. The lower net revenues from funds in the following 12 months would reach Ch$ 118 billion, which is still much lower of the current annual 12-month rolling P&L generation.

The following table illustrates the changes in fair value of Available-for-Sale securities as the result of stress test modeled above. These changes are recorded in Other Comprehensive Income, a component of shareholder’s Equity, and not current earnings:

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO IMPACT

ADVERSE SCENARIO

 

Instrument   

DV01(+1 bps)

(USD)

     Impact
due to
interest
rate
change
(USD)
     Impact due to
interest rate change
(MCh$)
 

CLP

     (220,434      (9.52      (5,770

CLF

     (435,314      (48.76      (29,556

USD

     (103,699      (9.28      (5,622
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total impact

        (67.56      (40,948
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management:

The main objectives of the Capital Management process are to ensure the compliance with regulatory requirements, to keep a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios. Within 2014, the Bank has complied with all these tasks.

As a part of the Capital Management Policy, it has been established capital sufficiency triggers in order to prevent capital ratios usage close to the limits. The triggers are established at levels much lower than the limits and the usage is monitored monthly. Within 2014, there were no triggers’ breaches.

The capital amount is managed according to the risk environment, the economic performance of Chile and the main economies and the business cycle. For implementing this, the board may change the dividend policy or authorize equity issuance or stocks repurchase programs.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management, continued:

 

Regulatory Capital

According to the Chilean Banking Law, banks must comply with a minimum Regulatory Capital ratio of 8%. Therefore, the bank must maintain a minimum Regulatory Capital that cannot be lower than 8% of the RAAP assets. Additionally, the Bank must comply with a minimum capital to total assets ratio: the law establishes that banks must maintain a minimum Basic Capital that cannot be lower than the 3% of total assets. The authorities have requested Banco de Chile, due to the merge with the operation of Citibank, N.A. in Chile that maintains the first percentage as a minimum of 10%.

Both ratios are computed according the international standards; assets are risk weighted, for reporting purposes, according to SBIF instructions which are adopted from BIS guidelines. For derivatives, the risk weighting process is applied over the “loan equivalent” of each derivative transaction. The loan equivalent is the sum of the current value of the transaction, if positive, and the maximum exposure the Bank may face in the future, along the life of the transaction, considering the increase in value of it due to market factor fluctuations including some confidence level. The loan equivalent is expressed as a percentage of the notional amount of the transaction, being these percentages much larger for FX transactions than for interest rate swaps or for longer tenors than for shorter ones.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

42. Risk Management, continued:

 

  (4) Capital Requirements and Capital Management, continued:

 

The risk weighted assets and Basic Capital ratio and Regulatory Capital ratio, as of the end of year 2013 and 2014, were:

 

     Consolidated assets      Risk-weighted assets  
     2013      2014      2013      2014  
     MCh$      MCh$      MCh$      MCh$  

Balance sheet assets (net of provisions)

           

Cash and due from banks

     873,308         915,133         20,654         3,100   

Transactions in the course of collection

     300,026         356,185         39,728         34,741   

Financial Assets held-for-trading

     326,921         293,458         124,932         304,501   

Cash collateral on securities borrowed and reverse repurchase agreements

     82,422         27,661         82,422         27,661   

Derivative instruments

     374,687         832,267         460,537         694,632   

Loans and advances to banks

     1,062,056         1,155,365         381,494         468,293   

Loans to customers, net

     20,441,472         21,400,775         18,505,593         19,192,870   

Financial assets available-for-sale

     1,681,883         1,608,796         432,995         472,949   

Financial assets held-to-maturity

     —           —           —           —     

Investments in other companies

     14,407         23,043         16,670         25,312   

Intangible assets

     72,223         66,859         29,671         26,593   

Property and equipment

     197,578         205,403         197,578         205,403   

Investment properties

     16,317         15,936         —           —     

Current tax assets

     —           —           320         347   

Deferred tax assets

     56,421         94,240         14,590         20,287   

Other assets

     373,987         586,555         318,029         355,057   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Subtotal

           20,625,213         21,831,746   

Off-balance-sheet assets

           

Contingent loans

     3,927,627         4,280,451         2,355,879         2,567,508   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total risk-weighted assets

           22,981,092         24,399,254   
        

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2013      As of December 31, 2014  
     MCh$      %      MCh$      %  

Basic Capital ratio(*)

     2,284,314         7.57         2,535,154         7.89   

Regulatory Capital ratio

     2,999,061         13.05         3,249,903         13.32   

 

(*) Basic Capital corresponds to equity attributable to equity holders in the Statement of Consolidated Financial Position

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements:

The following is a summary of new standards, interpretations and improvements to the International Financial Reporting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that it is not effective as of December 31, 2014:

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

The July 24, 2014, IASB completed its upgrade project about accounting for financial instruments with the publication of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.

This standard includes new requirements based on new principles for the classification and measurement; it introduces a “prospective” model of expected credit losses on impairment accounting and changes in hedge accounting.

Classification and measurement

The classification determines how financial assets and liabilities are accounted in financial statements and, in particular, how they are measured. IFRS 9 introduces a new approach for classification of financial assets, based in the business model of the entity for the management of financial assets and the characteristic of its contractual flows. The new model also results in a single impairment model being applied to all financial instruments, removing a source of complexity associated with previous accounting requirements.

Impairment

The IASB has introduced a new impairment model that will require a timely recognition of expected credit losses.

Hedge Accounting

IFRS 9 introduces a new model for hedge accounting with enhanced disclosures about risk management activity. The new model represents a substantial overhaul of hedge accounting that aligns the accounting treatment with risk management activities, enabling entities to better reflect these activities in their financial statements. In addition, as a result of these changes, users of the financial statements will be provided with better information about risk management and the effect of hedge accounting on the financial statements

Entity’s Own Credit Risk

IFRS 9 removes the volatility in profit or loss originated by changes in the credit risk of designated liabilities at fair value. This change means that the profit produced by the quality decline of own credit risk of the entity in this kind of obligation, is not recognized in profit or loss of the period, but in other comprehensive income. IFRS 9 permits early application of this improvement, before any other requirement of IFRS 9.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, continued:

 

Adoption date mandatory January 1, 2018. Early application is permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the possible impact of adoption of these changes on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 11 – Joint Arrangements

In May of 2014 the IASB modified IFRS 11, providing guides about the accounting of acquisitions of participations in joint operations, whose activity constitute a business. This standard requires the acquirer of a participation in a joint operation, whose activities constitute a business, to apply all the principles on accounting for business combinations of the IFRS 3.

The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the impact of this rule in its consolidated financial statements.

IAS 16 – Property, plant and equipment and IAS 38 – Intangible assets

In May of 2014 the IASB modified IAS 16 and 38 with purpose of clarifying accepted methods of depreciation and amortization.

The amendment of IAS 16 prohibits property, plant and equipment, depreciation based on ordinary income.

The amendment of IAS 38 introduces the presumption that ordinary income is not an appropriate base for the amortization of intangible assets. This presumption only is refuted in two circumstances: (a) intangible asset is expressed like a unit of ordinary income; and (b) ordinary income and consumption of intangible assets are highly correlated.

The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

This modification does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries, because it is not used as a basis of depreciation and amortization.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

IFRS 15 was issued in May 2014. It applies to all contracts with customers except leases, financial instruments and insurance contracts. This project was jointly conducted with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to eliminate differences in revenue recognition between IFRS and USGAAP. This new standard pretends to improve inconsistencies and weaknesses of IAS 18 and to provide a single revenue recognition model which will improve comparability over a range of industries, companies and geographical boundaries. It provides a new model of earnings recognition and more detailed requirements for contracts with multiple elements.

Application of the standard is mandatory for annual reporting periods starting from January 1, 2017 onward, early application is permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the impact of this rule on its consolidated financial statements.

IAS 27 – Consolidated and Separated Financial Statements

In August 2014, the IASB published the amendment that will allow entities to use the equity method to account for investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates in their separate financial statements.

The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

This amendment does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

IAS 28 – Investments in Associates and Join Venture and IFRS 10 - Consolidated Financial Statements

In September 2014, the IASB issued this amendment, which clarifies the scope of recognized gains and losses in a transaction involving an associate or joint venture, and this depends on whether the asset sold or contribution is a business. Therefore, IASB concluded that all of the profit or loss should be recognized against loss of control of a business. Likewise, gains or losses resulting from the sale or contribution of a subsidiary that is not a business (definition of IFRS 3) to an associate or joint venture should be recognized only to the extent of unrelated interests in the associate or joint venture.

The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

This amendment does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

Annual improvements IFRS

In September 2014, the IASB issued Annual improvements to IFRS: 2012 – 2014 Cycle, which include changes to the following standards.

 

  -  

IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations.

Add specific guidelines in cases in which an entity reclassifies an asset from held for sale to held for distribution, or vice versa and cases in which assets held for distribution are accounting like discontinued operations. The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries do not register non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations. Therefore, this modification does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

 

  -  

IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures.

Add guidelines to clarify if a service contract corresponds to a continuing involvement in an asset transfer with the purpose to determine the required disclosures. The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

This amendment does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

 

  -  

IAS 19 Employee Benefits. Discount rate: topic of the regional market.

Clarifies that corporate bonds with high quality credit used in the estimation of the discount rate for post-employment benefits must be denominated in the same currency as the benefit paid. The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

This amendment does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

 

  -  

IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting.

Clarifies the meaning of disclose information “in some other part of interim financial information” and the need for a cross-reference. The effective date is beginning on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted

This amendment does not impact the consolidated financial statements of Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

43. New Accounting Pronouncements, continued:

 

Annual improvements IFRS, continued:

 

  -  

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements, IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interest in Other Entities and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Join Venture.

In December 2014, the IASB has modified IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28 related with the application of the exceptions in the consolidation in investment entities.

The amendments clarify the requirement for the accounting of investment entities. In addition, these amendments in certain circumstances reduce the cost in the application of these standards.

The effective date is mandatory on January 1, 2016 and its early application is permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the impact of this rule in its consolidated financial statements.

 

  -  

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements

In December, 2014, the IASB published “Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 1)”. The amendments aim at clarifying IAS 1 to improve the presentation and disclosure of information in the financial reports.

These amendments answer requests about presentation and disclosure and have been designed with the finality to allow the entities to apply their professional opinion to determine what information must be disclosed in the financial statements.

They are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016, with earlier application being permitted.

Banco de Chile and its subsidiaries are assessing the impact of this rule in its consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, Continued

 

44. Subsequent Events:

 

  a) On January 9, 2015 through Resolución Exenta No. 7 the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance approved the reform to the by-laws of Banchile Securitizadora S.A. related to a capital increase of Ch$240,000,000 by means of the issuance of 1,550 shares, as agreed in the forth Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting of the company held on December 1, 2014. The capital increase was carried out on January 20, 2015.

 

  (b) On January 26, 2015 the Board of Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. accepted the resignation of the Director of the company Mr. Jorge Tagle Ovalle.

The board also agreed to appoint Mr. Eduardo Ebensperguer Orrego as a new Director of the company, effective from January 26, 2015 until the next annual meeting.

 

  (c) On January 29, 2015, in the Ordinary Meeting No. BCH 2811, the Board of Directors of Banco de Chile resolved to call an Ordinary Shareholders Meeting to be held on March 26, 2015, with the objective of proposing, among other matters, the distribution of the Dividend No. 203 of $3.42915880220 per each of the 94,655,367,544 “Banco de Chile” shares, which will be payable at the expense of the distributable net income obtained during the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2014, corresponding to 70% of such income.

Likewise, the Board of Directors resolved to call an Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting to be held on the same date in order to propose, among other matters, the capitalization of the 30% of the distributable net income of the Bank obtained during the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2014, through the issuance of fully paid-in shares, with no par value, with a value $65.31 per “Banco de Chile” share, to be distributed among the shareholders in the proportion of 0.02250251855 shares for each “Banco de Chile” share and to adopt the necessary agreements subject to the exercise of the options established in article 31 of Law 19,396.

 

  (d) On March 23, 2015 the subsidiary Banchile Securitizadora S.A. announced that in its ordinary meeting held on March 23, 2015 the Board of Directors of the company accepted the resignation of its Director José Vial Cruz.

 

  (e) On March 24, 2015 the subsidiary Banchile Securitizadora S.A. announced as Essential Information that in the Tenth Ordinary Shareholder meeting the total renovation of the Board of Directors of the company was agreed by the shareholders.

 

       Accordingly, Mr. Pablo Granifo Lavin, Mr. Arturo Tagle Quiroz, Mr. Eduardo Ebeusperger Orrego, Mr. Alain Rochette Garcia and Mr. Jose Miguel Quintana Malfauti were elected as Directors for a three-year period.

 

  (f) On March 30, 2015 the Bank made as Essential Information that, as of that date, the Central Bank of Chile has communicated to Banco de Chile that the Board of such institution (Consejo), in Extraordinary Session No 1894E, held today, considering the resolutions adopted by the shareholders’ meetings of Banco de Chile of March 26, 2015, regarding distribution of dividends and the increase of capital through the issuance of fully paid-in shares corresponding to the 30% of the net income obtained during the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2014, resolved to take the option that the entirety of its corresponding surplus, including the part of the profits proportional to the agreed capitalization, be paid to the Central Bank of Chile in cash currency, according to the letter b) of the article 31 of the law No 19,396, regarding a modification of the payment method for the subordinated obligation and other applicable legislation.

 

  (g) On April 9, 2015, the Board of Directors of Banco de Chile accepted the resignation of the Director Mr. Juan José Bruchou.

Also, the Board of Directors appointed Mr. Samuel Libnic as a new Director until the next Ordinary Shareholder Meeting.

In Management’s opinion, there are no other significant subsequent events that affect or could affect the consolidated financial statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries between December 31, 2014 and the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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SIGNATURE

The registrant, Banco de Chile, hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

BANCO DE CHILE
By  

/s/ Arturo Tagle Q.

  Name:   Arturo Tagle Q.
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Date: April 27, 2015