UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-Q

 


 

(Mark One)

 

x

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 29, 2008

 

 

or

 

 

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from          to

 

Commission File Number: 001-33962

 

COHERENT, INC.

 

Delaware

 

94-1622541

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

5100 Patrick Henry Drive, Santa Clara, California 95054
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 764-4000

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer x

Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o

Smaller reporting company o

(do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No x

 

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s common stock, par value $.01 per share, on April 30, 2008 was 23,618,987 shares

 

 



 

COHERENT, INC.

 

INDEX

 

 

 

Page

Part I.

Financial Information

 

 

 

 

Item I.

Financial Statements (unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three and six months ended March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007

4

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
March 29, 2008 and September 29, 2007

5

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Six months ended March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007

6

 

 

 

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7

 

 

 

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

19

 

 

 

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

34

 

 

 

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

36

 

 

 

Part II.

Other Information

 

 

 

 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

36

 

 

 

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

37

 

 

 

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

48

 

 

 

Item 3.

Defaults upon Senior Securities

48

 

 

 

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

48

 

 

 

Item 5.

Other Information

49

 

 

 

Item 6.

Exhibits

49

 

 

 

Signatures

 

50

 

2



 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements included in or incorporated by reference in this quarterly report, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These statements are generally accompanied by words such as “trend,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “rely,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “continue,” “forecast” or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology, including without limitation statements made under “Future Trends”, “Our Strategy”, discussions regarding our bookings and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements. Actual results of Coherent, Inc. (referred to herein as the Company, we, our or Coherent) may differ significantly from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in the sections captioned “Future Trends,” “Risk Factors,” “Key Performance Indicators,” as well as any other cautionary language in this quarterly report. All forward-looking statements included in the document are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements as a result of events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or non-occurrence of anticipated events.

 

3



 

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item I.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

$

155,942

 

$

152,116

 

$

300,238

 

$

299,625

 

Cost of sales

 

88,818

 

87,646

 

172,620

 

173,181

 

Gross profit

 

67,124

 

64,470

 

127,618

 

126,444

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

19,428

 

18,884

 

37,747

 

37,206

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

37,384

 

37,139

 

76,202

 

70,623

 

Restructuring and other charges

 

 

111

 

 

248

 

Amortization of intangible assets

 

2,229

 

1,950

 

4,435

 

3,893

 

Total operating expenses

 

59,041

 

58,084

 

118,384

 

111,970

 

Income from operations

 

8,083

 

6,386

 

9,234

 

14,474

 

Other income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest and dividend income

 

3,368

 

6,236

 

7,437

 

12,309

 

Interest expense

 

(184

)

(1,871

)

(345

)

(3,653

)

Other—net

 

1,079

 

731

 

3,052

 

1,714

 

Total other income, net

 

4,263

 

5,096

 

10,144

 

10,370

 

Income before income taxes

 

12,346

 

11,482

 

19,378

 

24,844

 

Provision for income taxes

 

6,221

 

4,200

 

8,524

 

6,804

 

Net income

 

$

6,125

 

$

7,282

 

$

10,854

 

$

18,040

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.20

 

$

0.23

 

$

0.35

 

$

0.57

 

Diluted

 

$

0.19

 

$

0.23

 

$

0.34

 

$

0.56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares used in computation:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

31,394

 

31,417

 

31,406

 

31,378

 

Diluted

 

31,874

 

31,937

 

31,916

 

32,030

 

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

4



 

COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited; in thousands, except par value)

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

September 29, 2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

169,784

 

$

315,927

 

Restricted cash

 

2,758

 

2,460

 

Short-term investments

 

14,842

 

45,896

 

Accounts receivable—net of allowances of $2,835 and $2,918, respectively

 

112,694

 

102,314

 

Inventories

 

116,567

 

112,893

 

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

57,804

 

50,244

 

Deferred tax assets

 

40,384

 

35,844

 

Total current assets

 

514,833

 

665,578

 

Property and equipment, net

 

107,475

 

104,305

 

Goodwill

 

87,761

 

83,376

 

Intangible assets, net

 

32,780

 

35,570

 

Other assets

 

68,954

 

58,771

 

Total assets

 

$

811,803

 

$

947,600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Current portion of long-term obligations

 

$

9

 

$

9

 

Accounts payable

 

33,622

 

27,849

 

Income taxes payable

 

6,134

 

17,829

 

Other current liabilities

 

91,337

 

83,058

 

Total current liabilities

 

131,102

 

128,745

 

Long-term obligations

 

19

 

21

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

90,098

 

47,848

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, par value $.01 per share:

 

 

 

 

 

Authorized—500,000 shares

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding—23,630 shares and 31,552 shares, respectively

 

234

 

313

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

159,422

 

380,516

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

102,018

 

70,672

 

Retained earnings

 

328,910

 

319,485

 

Total stockholders’ equity

 

590,584

 

770,986

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

811,803

 

$

947,600

 

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

5



 

COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited; in thousands)

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

10,854

 

$

18,040

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

12,241

 

12,696

 

Amortization of intangible assets

 

4,435

 

3,893

 

Deferred income taxes

 

935

 

(2,314

)

(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment

 

(87

)

118

 

Stock-based compensation

 

5,311

 

6,990

 

Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation arrangements

 

 

(77

)

Non-cash restructuring and other (recoveries)

 

 

(128

)

Amortization of bond issue costs

 

 

583

 

Other non-cash expense

 

152

 

131

 

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

(2,211

)

6,008

 

Inventories

 

1,884

 

66

 

Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

(14,402

)

(16,608

)

Other assets

 

2,550

 

(2,957

)

Accounts payable

 

3,529

 

4,638

 

Income taxes payable/receivable

 

1,764

 

2,117

 

Other current liabilities

 

4,785

 

4,838

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

(3,099

)

1,902

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

28,641

 

39,936

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of property and equipment

 

(9,213

)

(12,523

)

Proceeds from dispositions of property and equipment

 

9,853

 

167

 

Purchases of available-for-sale securities

 

(530,332

)

(349,530

)

Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities

 

561,386

 

281,170

 

Proceeds from sale of business

 

6,519

 

 

Change in restricted cash

 

(25

)

(26

)

Premiums paid for life insurance contracts

 

 

(2,800

)

Other—net

 

804

 

197

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

 

38,992

 

(83,345

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt repayments

 

 

(2

)

Repayment of capital lease obligations

 

(6

)

(2

)

Cash overdrafts increase (decrease)

 

(874

)

909

 

Issuance of common stock under employee stock option and purchase plans

 

1,362

 

3,784

 

Repurchase of common stock

 

(228,147

)

 

Collection of notes receivable from common stock

 

 

324

 

Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements

 

 

77

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

 

(227,665

)

5,090

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

 

13,889

 

4,955

 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

 

(146,143

)

(33,364

)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

 

315,927

 

445,231

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

 

$

169,784

 

$

411,867

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid during the period for:

 

 

 

 

 

Interest

 

$

192

 

$

3,730

 

Income taxes

 

$

10,274

 

$

8,513

 

Cash received during the period for:

 

 

 

 

 

Income taxes

 

$

3,575

 

$

1,662

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Unpaid property and equipment

 

$

2,423

 

$

496

 

Net retirement of restricted stock awards

 

$

 

$

225

 

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

6


 

 


 

COHERENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

1.    BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Coherent, Inc. (referred to herein as the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “Coherent”) consolidated financial statements and notes thereto filed on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2007. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been made and include only normal recurring adjustments. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2008 and 2007 include 52 weeks each.

 

2.    RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

 

In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Financial Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” (“FIN 48”) which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No.109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. In addition, in May 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FIN 48-1, “Definition of Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48,”(“FSP FIN 48-1”) to amend FIN 48 by providing that previously unrecognized tax benefits can be recognized when the tax positions are effectively settled upon examination by a taxing authority. According to FSP FIN 48-1, an enterprise’s tax position will be considered effectively settled if the taxing authority has completed its examination, the enterprise does not plan to appeal, and the possibility is remote that the taxing authority would reexamine the tax position in the future. We adopted FIN 48 and FSP FIN 48-1 for our fiscal year 2008 beginning September 30, 2007. See Note 12, “Income Taxes” for additional information, including the effects of adoption on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In June 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus on Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 06-3, “How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement” (“EITF 06-3”) which requires a policy be adopted to present externally imposed taxes on revenue producing transactions on either a gross or net basis. Coherent’s policy is to present such taxes on a gross basis. Gross or net presentation may be elected for each different type of tax, but similar taxes should be presented consistently. Taxes within the scope of this issue would include taxes that are imposed on a revenue transaction between a seller and a customer. We adopted EITF 06-3 for our fiscal year beginning September 30, 2007. The adoption of EITF 06-3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business combinations. SFAS 141(R) defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination, establishes the acquisition date as the date that the acquirer achieves control and requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest at their fair values as of the acquisition date. SFAS 141(R) also requires that acquisition related costs be recognized separately from the acquisition. SFAS 141(R) is effective for us for acquisitions after the beginning of our fiscal year 2010.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for us for interim periods within our fiscal year beginning September 28, 2008. We are currently assessing the

 

7



 

impact that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. We have not yet determined the impact that the implementation of SFAS No. 157 will have on our non-financial assets and liabilities; however we do not anticipate it to significantly impact our consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards, which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities, on an instrument-by-instrument basis. If the fair value option is elected, unrealized gains and losses on existing items for which fair value has been elected are reported as a cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 159, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for us for our fiscal year beginning September 28, 2008 with earlier adoption permitted. We have elected not to early adopt and are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of SFAS No. 133. This statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 161 requires us to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why we use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect our financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for our interim period beginning December 28, 2008. We are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 161 will have on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

3.    REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

We recognize revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered or the service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. Revenue from product sales is recorded when all of the foregoing conditions are met and risk of loss and title passes to the customer. Our products typically include a one-year warranty and the estimated cost of product warranty claims (based on historical experience) is recorded at the time the sale is recognized. Sales to customers are generally not subject to any price protection or return rights.

 

The vast majority of our sales are made to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), distributors, resellers and end-users in the non-scientific market. Sales made to these customers do not require installation of the products by us and are not subject to other post-delivery obligations, except in occasional instances where we have agreed to perform installation or provide training. In those instances, we defer revenue related to installation services or training until these services have been rendered. We allocate revenue from multiple element arrangements to the various elements based upon relative fair values, which is determined based on the price charged for each deliverable on a standalone basis.

 

Our sales to distributors, resellers and end-user customers typically do not have customer acceptance provisions and only certain of our sales to OEM customers have customer acceptance provisions. Customer acceptance is generally limited to performance under our published product specifications. For the few product sales that have customer acceptance provisions because of other than published specifications, (1) the products are tested and accepted by the customer at our site or by the customer’s acceptance of the results of our testing program prior to shipment to the customer, or (2) the revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs.

 

Sales to end-users in the scientific market typically require installation and, thus, involve post-delivery obligations; however, our post-delivery installation obligations are not essential to the functionality of our products. We defer revenue related to installation services until completion of these services.

 

For most products, training is not provided; therefore, no post-delivery training obligation exists. However, when training is provided to our customers, it is typically priced separately and is recognized as revenue after these services have been provided.

 

4.            SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS

 

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Marketable short-term investments in debt securities are classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are valued based on quoted market prices. Investments classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of related income taxes, recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (OCI) in stockholders’ equity until realized. Interest and amortization of premiums and discounts for debt securities are included in interest income. Gains and losses on securities sold are determined based on the specific identification method and are included in other income (expense).

 

8



 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

 

 

Cost Basis

 

Unrealized
Gains

 

Unrealized
Losses

 

Fair Value

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

172,542

 

$

 

$

 

$

172,542

 

Less: restricted cash

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2,758

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

169,784

 

Short-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Available-for-sale securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury and agency obligations

 

$

6,641

 

$

137

 

 

$

6,778

 

State and municipal obligations

 

925

 

1

 

 

926

 

Corporate notes and obligations

 

7,157

 

66

 

(85

)

7,138

 

Total short-term investments

 

$

14,723

 

$

204

 

$

(85

)

$

14,842

 

 

 

 

September 29, 2007

 

 

 

Cost Basis

 

Unrealized
Gains

 

Unrealized
Losses

 

Fair Value

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

318,352

 

$

35

 

$

 

$

318,387

 

Less: restricted cash

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2,460

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

315,927

 

Short-term investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Available-for-sale securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury and agency obligations

 

$

6,036

 

$

7

 

$

 

$

6,043

 

Corporate notes and obligations

 

39,740

 

132

 

(19

)

39,853

 

Total short-term investments

 

$

45,776

 

$

139

 

$

(19

)

$

45,896

 

 

At March 29, 2008, $2.8 million of cash was restricted for remaining close out costs associated with our purchase of the remaining outstanding shares of Lambda Physik. At September 29, 2007, $2.5 million of cash was restricted for remaining close out costs associated with our purchase of the remaining outstanding shares of Lambda Physik.

 

5.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the period from September 29, 2007 to March 29, 2008 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Commercial
Lasers and
Components

 

Specialty
Laser
Systems

 

Total

 

Balance as of September 29, 2007

 

$

24,091

 

$

59,285

 

$

83,376

 

Translation adjustments and other

 

176

 

4,209

 

4,385

 

Balance as of March 29, 2008

 

$

24,267

 

$

63,494

 

$

87,761

 

 

Components of our amortizable intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

September 29, 2007

 

 

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Net

 

Gross
Carrying
Amount

 

Accumulated
Amortization

 

Net

 

Existing technology

 

$

55,968

 

$

(30,983

)

$

24,985

 

$

54,091

 

$

(26,955

)

$

27,136

 

Patents

 

11,306

 

(8,217

)

3,089

 

10,184

 

(6,943

)

3,241

 

Drawings

 

1,544

 

(1,544

)

 

1,390

 

(1,390

)

 

Order backlog

 

5,431

 

(5,408

)

23

 

4,907

 

(4,864

)

43

 

Customer lists

 

5,631

 

(3,066

)

2,565

 

5,366

 

(2,562

)

2,804

 

Trade name

 

4,139

 

(2,150

)

1,989

 

3,754

 

(1,751

)

2,003

 

Non-compete agreement

 

2,581

 

(2,452

)

129

 

2,408

 

(2,065

)

343

 

Total

 

$

86,600

 

$

(53,820

)

$

32,780

 

$

82,100

 

$

(46,530

)

$

35,570

 

 

9



 

Amortization expense for intangible assets for the six months ended March 29, 2008 was $4.4 million. At March 29, 2008, estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2008, the next five succeeding fiscal years and all fiscal years thereafter are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Estimated
Amortization
Expense

 

2008 (remainder)

 

$

4,326

 

2009

 

8,287

 

2010

 

6,804

 

2011

 

5,323

 

2012

 

3,509

 

2013

 

2,097

 

Thereafter

 

2,434

 

Total

 

$

32,780

 

 

6.    BALANCE SHEET DETAILS

 

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

September 29,
2007

 

Purchased parts and assemblies

 

$

32,141

 

$

29,786

 

Work-in-process

 

46,370

 

44,368

 

Finished goods

 

38,056

 

38,739

 

Inventories

 

$

116,567

 

$

112,893

 

 

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

September 29,
2007

 

Prepaid and refundable income taxes

 

$

16,738

 

$

8,616

 

Prepaid expenses and other

 

41,066

 

41,628

 

Total prepaid expenses and other assets

 

$

57,804

 

$

50,244

 

 

Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

September 29,
2007

 

Assets related to deferred compensation arrangements

 

$

28,626

 

$

30,706

 

Deferred tax assets

 

37,454

 

25,165

 

Other assets

 

2,874

 

2,900

 

Total other assets

 

$

68,954

 

$

58,771

 

 

Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

September 29,
2007

 

Accrued payroll and benefits

 

$

29,202

 

$

28,247

 

Accrued expenses and other

 

13,856

 

18,471

 

Reserve for warranty

 

13,790

 

13,660

 

Other taxes payable

 

20,687

 

9,840

 

Deferred income

 

11,435

 

10,496

 

Customer deposits

 

2,367

 

1,868

 

Accrued restructuring charges

 

 

476

 

Total other current liabilities

 

$

91,337

 

$

83,058

 

 

We provide warranties on certain of our product sales (generally one year) and allowances for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such allowances requires us to make estimates of product return rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We currently establish warranty reserves

 

10



 

based on historical warranty costs for each product line. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods.

 

Components of the reserve for warranty costs during the first six months of fiscal 2008 and 2007 were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

Beginning balance

 

$

13,660

 

$

11,462

 

Additions related to current period sales

 

10,571

 

11,000

 

Warranty costs incurred in the current period

 

(11,099

)

(9,672

)

Adjustments to accruals related to prior period sales

 

658

 

217

 

Ending balance

 

$

13,790

 

$

13,007

 

 

Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

September 29, 2007

 

Deferred compensation

 

$

28,654

 

$

31,336

 

Long-term taxes payable

 

39,327

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

15,042

 

10,433

 

Deferred income

 

1,737

 

1,585

 

Asset retirement obligations liability

 

1,432

 

1,256

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

3,906

 

3,238

 

Total other long-term liabilities

 

$

90,098

 

$

47,848

 

 

The following table reconciles changes in our asset retirement obligations liability, which is reported in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

Beginning balance

 

$

1,256

 

$

1,765

 

Adjustment to asset retirement obligations recognized

 

(16

)

(7

)

Accretion recognized

 

34

 

75

 

Changes due to foreign currency exchange

 

158

 

114

 

Ending balance

 

$

1,432

 

$

1,947

 

 

7.     STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

Stock-Based Benefit Plans

 

We have two Stock Option Plans for which all service providers are eligible participants and a Directors’ Stock Option Plan for which only non-employee directors are eligible participants. The Director’s Stock Option Plan is designed to work automatically without administration, however to the extent administration is necessary, it will be performed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof. Under these three plans, we may grant options to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500,000, 6,300,000 and 677,000 shares of common stock, respectively of which none, 3,000,983 and 153,000 shares, respectively, remain available for grant at March 29, 2008. Employee options are generally exercisable between two to four years from the grant date at a price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant and generally vest 25% to 50% annually. We settle stock option exercises with newly issued shares of common stock. Grants under employee plans expire six years from the original grant date, unless otherwise determined by the Board or a committee thereof, up to a maximum of ten years. Director options are automatically granted to our non-employee directors. Such directors initially receive a stock option for 24,000 shares exercisable over a three-year period and an award of restricted stock units of 2,000 shares which vest at the end of three years. Additionally, the non-employee directors receive an annual grant of 6,000 shares exercisable as to 50% of the shares on the day prior to each of the next two annual stockholder meetings. Grants under director plans expire ten years from the original grant date. In addition, each non-employee director receives an annual grant of 2,000 shares of restricted stock units that vest on the day prior to the annual stockholder meeting held in the third calendar year following the date of grant.

 

11



 

Restricted stock awards, including restricted stock units granted under our Stock Option Plans are independent of option grants and are subject to restrictions. At March 29, 2008, we had 452,515 unvested shares of restricted stock, including 125,675 performance-based restricted stock awards and units, all of which are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of restrictions.  During this period, ownership of the shares cannot be transferred. The service-based restricted awards generally vest three years from the date of grant and the restricted stock units vest annually over three years. The performance-based restricted stock awards are generally subject to annual vesting over three years depending upon the achievement of performance measurements tied to the Company’s internal metrics for revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA. The number of shares earned can range from 0% to 200% of the grant target for 2008. The Company granted performance-based  restricted stock units during this quarter which have a single vesting measurement date of  November 14, 2010, which vest as to anywhere between 0 and 300% of the targeted amount based upon achievement by the Company of (a) an annual revenue threshold amount and (b) adjusted EBITDA targets.  Shares of restricted stock (not including performance-based restricted stock or restricted stock units) have the same cash dividend and voting rights as other common stock and are considered to be currently issued and outstanding. The cost of the awards, determined to be the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, is expensed ratably over the period the restrictions lapse.

 

We have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) whereby eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions of up to 10% of their regular base salary to purchase shares at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of commencement of the offering or on the last day of the six-month offering period. At March 29, 2008, 224,536 shares of our common stock were reserved for future issuance under the plan.

 

In the second quarter of fiscal 2007, the ESPP was suspended and employee contributions made to the ESPP were returned while a voluntary review of our historical stock option practices was conducted. The ESPP was reopened with an 8 month offering period ending October 31, 2008 and employees began making contributions during the second quarter of fiscal 2008.

 

SFAS 123(R)

 

In accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123(R)”), we recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards on a straight-line basis over the respective requisite service period of the awards.

 

Determining Fair Value

 

Valuation and amortization method—We estimate the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula and a single option award approach. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period.

 

Expected Term—The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior as influenced by changes to the terms of its stock-based awards.

 

Expected Volatility—Our computation of expected volatility is based on a combination of historical volatility and market-based implied volatility.

 

Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation method is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.

 

Expected Dividend—The expected dividend assumption is based on our current expectations about our anticipated dividend policy.

 

The fair values of our stock options granted to employees and shares purchased under the stock purchase plan for the three and six months ended March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007 were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:

 

 

 

Employee Stock Option Plans

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007(1)

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007

 

Expected life in years

 

3.1

 

 

3.5

 

4.4

 

0.7

 

 

0.7

 

0.5

 

Expected volatility

 

29.5

%

%

29.5

%

34.2

%

31.9

%

%

31.9

%

29.0

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

2.1

%

%

3.9

%

4.7

%

1.8

%

%

1.8

%

5.1

%

Expected dividends

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average fair value

 

$

6.47

 

$

 

$

8.78

 

$

12.04

 

$

7.31

 

$

 

$

7.31

 

$

8.43

 


(1)          During the second quarter of fiscal 2007, the stock purchase plan was suspended and employee contributions were returned while a voluntary review of our historical stock option practices was conducted. The ESPP reopened in March 2008.

 

12



 

Stock Compensation Expense

 

The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007 (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

Cost of sales

 

$

759

 

$

667

 

$

1,144

 

$

1,103

 

Research and development

 

808

 

739

 

1,127

 

1,299

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

3,382

 

2,349

 

5,383

 

4,844

 

Income tax benefit

 

(1,215

)

(1,272

)

(1,987

)

(2,573

)

 

 

$

3,734

 

$

2,483

 

$

5,667

 

$

4,673

 

 

During the three and six months ended March 29, 2008, $0.4 million  and $0.6 million, respectively, for all stock plans was capitalized into inventory, $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, was amortized to cost of sales and $0.4 million remained in inventory at March 29, 2008. As required by SFAS 123(R), management made an estimate of expected forfeitures and is recognizing compensation costs only for those equity awards expected to vest.

 

At March 29, 2008, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees under the Company’s stock option plans but not yet recognized was approximately $13.1 million, net of estimated forfeitures of $0.8 million. This cost will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.0 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures.

 

In accordance with SFAS 123(R), the cash flows resulting from excess tax benefits (tax benefits related to the excess of proceeds from an employee’s exercises of stock options over the stock-based compensation cost recognized for those options) are classified as financing cash flows. During the first six months of fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, we recorded none and less than $0.1 million, respectively, of excess tax benefits as cash flows from financing activities.

 

Stock Options & Awards Activity

 

The following is a summary of option activity for our Stock Option Plans (in thousands, except per share amounts and remaining contractual term in years):

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Per Share

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2007

 

3,196

 

$

28.54

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

852

 

32.50

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(60

)

22.50

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeitures

 

(66

)

33.00

 

 

 

 

 

Expirations

 

(380

)

31.21

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at March 29, 2008

 

3,542

 

$

29.23

 

3.3

 

$

5,616

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested and expected to vest at March 29, 2008

 

3,527

 

$

29.22

 

3.3

 

$

5,616

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercisable at March 29, 2008

 

2,498

 

$

27.78

 

2.4

 

$

5,616

 

 

 

13



 

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of our common stock for the 1.2 million options that were in-the-money at March 29, 2008. During the second quarter of fiscal 2008, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under the Company’s stock option plans was $0.4 million, determined as of the date of option exercise. There were no options that were exercised under the Company’s stock option plans during the first fiscal quarter of 2008, therefore there was no intrinsic value realized in that period. During the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised under the Company’s stock option plans was $0.5 million, determined as of the date of option exercise. There were no options exercised during second quarter of fiscal 2007. The following table summarizes our restricted stock award activity, including restricted stock units, for the first six months of fiscal 2008 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date Fair
Value

 

Nonvested stock at September 30, 2007

 

261

 

$

33.02

 

Granted

 

258

 

28.68

 

Vested

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

(67

)

33.34

 

Nonvested stock at March 29, 2008

 

452

 

$

30.54

 

 

8.             COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

We are subject to legal claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability, employment or intellectual property claims, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. The outcome of any such matters is currently not determinable. Although we do not expect that such legal claims and litigation will ultimately have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, an adverse result in one or more matters could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur.

 

Derivative Lawsuits—Between February 15, 2007 and March 2, 2007, three purported shareholder derivative lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against certain of Coherent’s current and former officers and directors. Coherent is named as a nominal defendant. The complaints generally allege that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties and violated the securities laws in connection with the granting of stock options, the accounting treatment for such grants, and the issuance of allegedly misleading public statements and stock sales by certain of the individual defendants. On May 29, 2007, these lawsuits were consolidated under the caption In re Coherent, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Lead Case No. C-07-0955-JF (N.D. Cal.). On June 25, 2007, plaintiffs filed an amended consolidated complaint. The consolidated complaint asserts causes of action for alleged violations of federal securities laws, violations of California securities laws, breaches of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, constructive fraud, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, insider selling and misappropriation of information. The consolidated complaint seeks, among other relief, disgorgement and damages in an unspecified amount, an accounting, rescission of allegedly improper stock option grants, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees and costs.

 

The Company’s Board of Directors has appointed a Special Litigation Committee (“SLC”) comprised of independent director Sandeep Vij to investigate and evaluate the claims asserted in the derivative litigation and to determine what action(s) should be taken with respect to the derivative litigation. The SLC’s investigation is ongoing.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Inquiry—In 2006, the Company was advised that the San Francisco District Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission was conducting an informal inquiry relating to the Company’s past granting of stock options. The Company is cooperating fully with the inquiry.

 

14



 

Income Tax Audits—The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is conducting an audit of our 2003 and 2004 tax returns. The IRS has issued a number of Notices of Proposed Adjustments to these returns. Among other items, the IRS has challenged our research and development credits and our extraterritorial income (“ETI”) exclusion. We have agreed to the various adjustments proposed by the IRS and we believe that we have adequately provided for these exposures and any other items identified by the IRS as a result of the audit of these tax years. As part of its audit of our 2003 and 2004 years, the IRS has requested information related to our stock option investigation and we intend to comply with this request and address any issues that are raised in a timely manner. The IRS has also indicated that it may consider an audit of our 2005 and 2006 tax returns and has requested stock option investigation information for these years.

 

The IRS is also auditing the research and development credits generated in the years 1999 through 2001 and carried forward to future tax years. We believe that we have adequately provided for any adjustments that may be proposed by the IRS related to these credits.

 

The German tax authorities are conducting an audit of our subsidiary in Göttingen for the tax years 1999 through 2005. We believe that we have adequately provided for any adjustments that may be proposed by the German tax authorities.

 

9.              ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

 

The components of comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes, are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

6,125

 

$

7,282

 

$

10,854

 

$

18,040

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Translation adjustment

 

28,028

 

4,279

 

31,214

 

11,106

 

Net gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of taxes

 

2

 

(27

)

1

 

3

 

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes

 

(25

)

(30

)

129

 

115

 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

28,005

 

4,222

 

31,344

 

11,224

 

Comprehensive income

 

$

34,130

 

$

11,504

 

$

42,198

 

$

29,264

 

 

The following summarizes activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives, net of income taxes, held by us (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, October 1, 2006

 

$

(135

)

Changes in fair value of derivatives

 

 

Net losses reclassified from OCI

 

3

 

Balance, March 31, 2007

 

$

(132

)

 

 

 

 

Balance, September 30, 2007

 

$

(98

)

Changes in fair value of derivatives

 

 

Net losses reclassified from OCI

 

3

 

Balance, March 29, 2008

 

$

(95

)

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax) at March 29, 2008 is comprised of accumulated translation adjustments of $102.1 million and net loss on derivative instruments of $0.1 million. Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax) at September 29, 2007  is comprised of accumulated translation adjustments of $71.0 million, net loss on derivative instruments of $0.1 million and unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities of $0.2 million, respectively.

 

10.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, excluding unvested restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares

 

15



 

outstanding during the period increased by the effect of dilutive employee stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock and stock purchase contracts, using the treasury stock method.

 

The following table presents information necessary to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

Weighted average shares outstanding (1)—basic

 

31,394

 

31,417

 

31,406

 

31,378

 

Dilutive effect of employee stock plans

 

480

 

520

 

510

 

652

 

Weighted average shares
outstanding—diluted

 

31,874

 

31,937

 

31,916

 

32,030

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

6,125

 

$

7,282

 

$

10,854

 

$

18,040

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income per basic share

 

$

0.20

 

$

0.23

 

$

0.35

 

$

0.57

 

Net income per diluted share

 

$

0.19

 

$

0.23

 

$

0.34

 

$

0.56

 


(1)   Net of restricted stock

 

A total of 2,348,968 and 2,141,206 potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the dilutive share calculation for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive.  A total of 2,430,969 and 1,535,628 potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the dilutive share calculation for the six months ended March 29, 2008 and March 31, 2007, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive.

 

In September 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached final consensus on EITF No. 04-8, “The Effect of Contingently Convertible Instruments on Diluted Earnings per Share”, that contingently convertible debt should be treated as convertible debt and included in the calculation of diluted EPS. The assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method were calculated by subtracting the aggregate weighted-average conversion price from the average market price of the shares related to the contingently convertible debt. As the market price for our shares did not reach the conversion price at any point during the three and six months ended March 31, 2007, there was no dilutive effect from our $200.0 million 2.75% convertible subordinated notes in our diluted EPS calculation under the treasury stock method. Therefore we did not include any shares related to the convertible subordinated notes, in accordance with the provisions of EITF No. 90-19, “Convertible Bonds With Issuer Option to Settle in Cash Upon Conversion” and SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”.

 

As the contingently convertible debt was paid off on August 21, 2007, there is no impact from EITF No. 04-8 in the three and six months ended March 29, 2008.

 

11.  STOCK REPURCHASE

 

On February 12, 2008, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the Company to repurchase up to $225 million of its common stock through a modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer and an additional $25 million of its common stock, following the completion or termination of the tender offer, under its stock repurchase program, terminating no later than February 11, 2009.  On March 17, 2008, we completed our tender offer, repurchased and retired 7,972,313 shares of outstanding common stock at a price of $28.50 per share for a total of $228.1 million, including expenses.  Such repurchases were accounted for as a reduction in additional paid in capital. Upon completion of the offer, we had 23,628,161 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

12.  INCOME TAXES

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”). Under the provisions of SFAS 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, utilizing

 

16



 

the currently enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

 

Income tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company’s estimated effective tax rate for the three months and six months ended March 29, 2008 was 50.4% and 44.0%, respectively. The difference between the statutory rate of 35% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 29, 2008 was due primarily to permanent differences related to foreign currency exchange gains on previously taxed income distributions from foreign subsidiaries and deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, partially offset by the benefit of foreign tax credits.  The difference between the statutory rate of 35% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended March 29, 2008 was due primarily to permanent differences related to foreign currency exchange gains on previously taxed income distributions from foreign subsidiaries and deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, partially offset by the benefit of foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits.

 

Determining the consolidated provision for income tax expense, income tax liabilities and deferred tax assets and liabilities involves judgment. The Company calculates and provides for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates, which involves estimating current tax exposures as well as making judgments regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction. The estimates used could differ from actual results, which may have a significant impact on operating results in future periods.

 

Effective September 30, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 and FSP FIN 48-1. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle that resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $1.4 million in accordance with the transition rules under FIN 48. The Company had historically classified interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits as current liabilities. With the adoption of FIN 48, the Company classifies gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption of FIN 48 was $44.9 million, of which $21.7 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. As of March 29, 2008, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $45.7 million, of which $22.3 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefit was classified as non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

The Company’s policy to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes did not change as a result of adopting FIN 48. As of the date of adoption, the Company had accrued $4.7 million for the gross interest and penalties relating to the gross unrecognized tax benefits. As of March 29, 2008, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $5.6 million, which is classified as non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 

The Company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all years prior to 1999 are closed. The years 2003 and 2004 are currently under examination by the IRS. The IRS has also indicated that it may consider an audit of our 2005 and 2006 tax returns. In major state jurisdictions and major foreign jurisdictions, the years subsequent to 1998 generally remain open and could be subject to examination by the taxing authorities.

 

Management believes that it has adequately provided for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. Should any issues addressed in the Company’s tax audits be resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income tax in the period such resolution occurs. Although timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits would materially change in the next 12 months.

 

13.  SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

During the second quarter of fiscal 2007, we established a new organizational and reporting structure whereby our previously single reportable operating segment was separated into two operating segments: Commercial Lasers and Components (“CLC”) and Specialty Lasers and Systems (“SLS”). CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. The product architectures are designed for easy exchange at the point of use such that product service and repairs are based upon advanced replacement and depot (i.e., factory) repair. CLC’s primary markets include OEM components and instrumentation and materials processing. SLS develops and manufacturers configurable, advanced-performance products largely serving the microelectronics and scientific research markets. The size and

 

17



 

complexity of many of the SLS products require service to be performed at the customer site by factory-trained field service engineers.

 

We have identified CLC and SLS as operating segments for which discrete financial information was available. Both operating segments have engineering, marketing, product business management and product line management. Prior period financial information has been restated to conform to the current segment presentation. A small portion of our outside revenue is attributable to projects and recently developed products for which a segment has not yet been determined. The associated direct and indirect costs are presented in the category of Corporate and other, along with other corporate costs as described below.

 

Pursuant to SFAS 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”, our Chief Executive Officer has been identified as the chief operating decision maker (CODM) as he assesses the performance of the segments and decides how to allocate resources to the segments. Income (loss) from operations is the measure of profit and loss that our CODM uses to assess performance and make decisions. Assets are not a measure used to assess the performance of the company by the CODM; therefore we do not report assets by segment internally or in our disclosures. Income (loss) from operations represents the net sales less the cost of sales and direct operating expenses incurred within the operating segments as well as allocated expenses such as shared sales and manufacturing costs. We do not allocate to our operating segments certain operating expenses, which we manage separately at the corporate level. These unallocated costs include stock-based compensation, corporate functions (certain research and development, management, finance, legal and human resources) and are included in the results below under Corporate and other in the reconciliation of operating results. Management does not consider unallocated Corporate and other costs in its measurement of segment performance.

 

The following table provides net sales and income from operations for our operating segments (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

2008

 

2007

 

Net sales:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial Lasers and Components

 

$

75,962

 

$

69,720

 

$

144,566

 

$

136,947

 

Specialty Laser Systems

 

79,955

 

82,316

 

155,622

 

161,086

 

Corporate and other

 

25

 

80

 

50

 

1,592

 

Total net sales

 

$

155,942

 

$

152,116

 

$

300,238

 

$

299,625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income from operations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial Lasers and Components

 

$

9,252

 

$

7,096

 

$

14,799

 

$

15,865

 

Specialty Laser Systems

 

10,362

 

14,020

 

19,539

 

24,901

 

Corporate and other

 

(11,531

)

(14,730

)

(25,104

)

(26,292

)

Total income from operations

 

$

8,083

 

$

6,386

 

$

9,234

 

$

14,474

 

 

14.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

Effective March 31, 2008, we entered into a $40 million unsecured revolving credit account with Union Bank of California, which expires on March 31, 2010.  Our Union Bank of California agreement is subject to covenants related to financial ratios and tangible net worth.

 

In April 2008, we initiated a tender offer related to certain discount options discovered during our voluntary review of our historical stock option practices. Discount options are options with an exercise price that is less than the fair market value of the shares underlying the option at the time of grant. The discounted options included in this offer are certain options which vested after December 31, 2004.  During the tender offer period, employees have, among other things, the ability to amend the exercise price per share for eligible options to the fair market value of the underlying option as of the measurement date of that option, and receive a cash payment for the difference between the discounted share price and the amended share price. This amendment is designed to allow holders of discount options to avoid certain adverse tax consequences associated with discount options. The offer expires on May 9, 2008.

 

On April 16, 2008, we announced that we entered into an agreement to sell certain assets of our Auburn Optics manufacturing operation to Research Electro-Optics, Inc. (“REO”), a privately held optics manufacturing and technology

 

18



 

company. We also entered into a strategic supply agreement with REO. REO will provide optical manufacturing capabilities for us, including fabrication and coating of optical components. The transition of the optics manufacturing assets from Auburn to REO will begin immediately and is expected to be completed no later than the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2009.

 

In April 2008, we finalized our lease agreement and began to move employees into an additional building in Santa Clara, California. The future minimum lease payments total $12.2 million over seven years.

 

Item 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

COMPANY OVERVIEW

 

BUSINESS BACKGROUND

 

We are one of the world’s leading suppliers of photonics-based solutions in a broad range of commercial and scientific research applications.  We design, manufacture and market lasers, precision optics and related accessories for a diverse group of customers.  Since inception in 1966, we have grown through internal expansion and through strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies, intellectual property, manufacturing processes and product offerings.

 

During the second quarter of fiscal 2007, we established a new organizational and reporting structure whereby our previously single reportable operating segment was separated into two operating segments: Commercial Lasers and Components (CLC) and Specialty Lasers and Systems (“SLS”). The new segmentation reflects the go-to-market strategies for various products and markets. While both segments work to deliver cost-effective photonics solutions, CLC focuses on higher volume products that are offered in set configurations. The product architectures are designed for easy exchange at the point of use such that substantially all product service and repairs are based upon advanced replacement and depot (i.e., factory) repair. CLC’s primary markets include OEM components and instrumentation and materials processing. SLS develops and manufactures configurable, advanced-performance products largely serving the microelectronics and scientific research markets. The size and complexity of many of the SLS products require service to be performed at the customer site by factory-trained field service engineers.

 

Income (loss) from operations is the measure of profit and loss that our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) uses to assess performance and make decisions. Income (loss) from operations represents the net sales less the cost of sales and direct operating expenses incurred within the operating segments as well as allocated expenses such as shared sales and manufacturing costs. We do not allocate to our operating segments certain operating expenses, which we manage separately at the corporate level. These unallocated costs include stock-based compensation, corporate functions (certain research and development, management, finance, legal and human resources) and are included in Corporate and Other. Management does not consider unallocated Corporate and Other costs in its measurement of segment performance.

 

MARKET APPLICATIONS

 

Our products address a broad range of applications that we group into the following markets: Microelectronics, Materials Processing, OEM Components and Instrumentation, and Scientific Research and Government Programs.  Effective the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we combined the former Graphic Arts and Display market applications for bookings and revenues into the OEM Components and Instrumentation market applications.  Prior period market application information for bookings and revenues reflects this combination.

 

OUR STRATEGY

 

We strive to develop innovative and proprietary products and solutions that meet the needs of our customers and that are based on our core expertise in lasers and optical technologies. In pursuit of our strategy, we intend to:

 

·                  Leverage our technology portfolio and application engineering to lead the proliferation of photonics into broader markets—We will continue to identify opportunities in which our technology portfolio and application engineering can be used to offer innovative solutions and gain access to new markets.

 

19



 

·                  Optimize our leadership position in existing markets—There are a number of markets where we have historically been at the forefront of technological development and product deployment and from which we have derived a substantial portion of our revenues. We plan to optimize our financial returns from these markets.

 

·                  Maintain and develop additional strong collaborative customer and industry relationships—We believe that the Coherent brand name and reputation for product quality, technical performance and customer satisfaction will help us to further develop our loyal customer base. We plan to maintain our current customer relationships and develop new ones with customers who are industry leaders and work together with these customers to design and develop innovative product systems and solutions as they develop new technologies.

 

·                  Develop and acquire new technologies and market share—We will continue to enhance our market position through our existing technologies and develop new technologies through our internal research and development efforts, as well as through the acquisition of additional complementary technologies, intellectual property, manufacturing processes and product offerings.

 

·                  Focus on long-term improvement of adjusted EBITDA expressed as a percentage of net sales—We define adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock compensation expenses and certain other non-operating income and expense items.

 

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We have identified the following as the items that require the most significant judgment and often involve complex estimation: revenue recognition, accounting for long-lived assets (including goodwill and intangible assets), inventory valuation, warranty reserves, stock-based compensation and accounting for income taxes.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria have been met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered or the service has been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. Revenue from product sales is recorded when all of the foregoing conditions are met and risk of loss and title passes to the customer. Our products typically include a one-year warranty and the estimated cost of product warranty claims (based on historical experience) is recorded at the time the sale is recognized. Sales to customers are generally not subject to any price protection or return rights.

 

The vast majority of our sales are made to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), distributors, resellers and end-users in the non-scientific market. Sales made to these customers do not require installation of the products by us and are not subject to other post-delivery obligations, except in occasional instances where we have agreed to perform installation or provide training. In those instances, we defer revenue related to installation services or training until these services have been rendered. We allocate revenue from multiple element arrangements to the various elements based upon relative fair values, which are determined based on the price charged for each deliverable on a standalone basis.

 

Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely affected. Failure to obtain anticipated orders due to delays or cancellations of orders could have a material adverse effect on our revenue. In addition, pressures from customers to reduce our prices or to modify our existing sales terms may have a material adverse effect on our revenue in future periods.

 

Our sales to distributors, resellers and end-user customers typically do not have customer acceptance provisions and only certain of our sales to OEM customers have customer acceptance provisions. Customer acceptance is generally limited to performance under our published product specifications. For the few product sales that have customer acceptance provisions because of higher than published specifications, (1) the products are tested and accepted by the customer at our site or by the customer’s acceptance of the results of our testing program prior to shipment to the customer, or (2) the revenue is deferred until customer acceptance occurs.

 

20



 

Sales to end-users in the scientific market typically require installation and, thus, involve post-delivery obligations; however our post-delivery installation obligations are not essential to the functionality of our products. We defer revenue related to installation services until completion of these services.

 

For most products, training is not provided; therefore, no post-delivery training obligation exists. However, when training is provided to our customers, it is typically priced separately and recognized as revenue after these services have been provided.

 

Long-Lived Assets

 

We evaluate long-lived assets whenever events or changes in business circumstances or our planned use of assets indicate that their carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable or that their useful lives are no longer appropriate. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying values of assets are impaired based on comparison to either the discounted expected future cash flows (in the case of goodwill) or to the undiscounted expected future cash flows (for all other long-lived assets). If the comparison indicates that impairment exists, the impaired asset is written down to its fair value. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in the preparation of expected discounted and undiscounted cash flows.

 

At March 29, 2008, we had $120.5 million of goodwill and purchased intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet. At March 29, 2008, we had $107.5 million of property and equipment on our consolidated balance sheet. The Company reviewed impairment indicators during the second quarter of fiscal 2008 and determined that no impairment was indicated.

 

It is reasonably possible that the estimates of anticipated future net revenue, the remaining estimated economic life of the products and technologies, or both, could differ from those used to assess the recoverability of these assets. In that event, additional impairment charges or shortened useful lives of certain long-lived assets may be required.

 

Inventory Valuation

 

We record our inventory at the lower of cost (computed on a first-in, first-out basis) or market. We write-down our inventory to its estimated market value based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs are generally recorded within guidelines set by management when the inventory for a device exceeds 12 months of its demand and when individual parts have been in inventory for greater than 12 months. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required which could materially affect our future results of operations. Due to rapidly changing forecasts and orders, additional write-downs for excess or obsolete inventory, while not currently expected, could be required in the future. In the event that alternative future uses of fully written down inventories are identified, we may experience better than normal profit margins when such inventory is sold. Differences between actual results and previous estimates of excess and obsolete inventory could materially affect our future results of operations. We write-down our demo inventory by amortizing the cost of demo inventory over a twenty month period starting from the fourth month after such inventory is placed in service.

 

Warranty Reserves

 

We provide warranties on certain of our product sales (generally one year) and allowances for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such allowances requires us to make estimates of product return rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We currently establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for each product line. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

In accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 (Revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123(R)”), we recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards on a straight-line basis over the respective requisite service period of the awards. Stock-based compensation expense is determined based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant.

 

SFAS 123(R) requires the use of option pricing models that were not developed for use in valuing employee stock options. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of short-lived exchange traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of

 

21



 

highly subjective assumptions, including the option’s expected life and the expected price volatility of the underlying stock. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined using our historical volatility.

 

Income Taxes

 

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income tax provision (benefit) in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our current income tax provision (benefit) together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets.

 

We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that more likely than not will be realized. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax assets would increase income in the period such determination was made. Likewise, should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.

 

Effective September 30, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, which creates a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements.  FIN 48 establishes a two-step approach for evaluating tax positions.  The first step, recognition, occurs when a company concludes (based solely on the technical aspects of the matter) that a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority.  The second step, measurement, is only considered after step one has been satisfied and measures any tax benefit at the largest amount that is deemed more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the uncertainty.  These determinations involve significant judgment by management. Tax positions that fail to qualify for initial recognition are recognized in the first subsequent interim period that they meet the more likely than not standard, when they are resolved through negotiation or litigation with factual interpretation, judgment and certainty.  Tax laws and regulations themselves are complex and are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, evolution of regulations and court filings.  Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities.

 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

 

The following is a summary of some of the quantitative performance indicators (as defined below) that may be used to assess our results of operations and financial condition:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

Change

 

% Change

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bookings

 

$

148,578

 

$

151,865

 

$

(3,287

)

(2.2

)%

Net sales—CLC

 

$

75,962

 

$

69,720

 

$

6,242

 

9.0

%

Net sales—SLS

 

$

79,955

 

$

82,316

 

$

(2,361

)

(2.9

)%

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales—CLC

 

45.6

%

42.8

%

2.8

%

6.6

%

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales—SLS

 

41.7

%

42.9

%

(1.2

)%

(3.0

)%

Research and development as a percentage of net sales

 

12.5

%

12.4

%

0.1

%

0.4

%

Income before income taxes

 

$

12,346

 

$

11,482

 

$

864

 

7.5

%

Cash provided by operating activities

 

$

15,564

 

$

11,202

 

$

4,362

 

38.9

%

Days sales outstanding in receivables

 

65.0

 

63.5

 

1.5

 

2.5

%

Days sales outstanding in inventories

 

67.3

 

61.2

 

6.1

 

10.0

%

Capital spending as a percentage of net sales

 

2.9

%

4.9

%

(2.0

)%

(41.0

)%

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

Change

 

% Change

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bookings

 

$

303,435

 

$

288,073

 

$

15,362

 

5.3

%

Net sales—CLC

 

$

144,566

 

$

136,947

 

$

7,619

 

5.6

%

Net sales—SLS

 

$

155,622

 

$

161,086

 

$

(5,464

)

(3.4

)%

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales—CLC

 

44.0

%

44.1

%

(0.1

)%

(0.2

)%

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales—SLS

 

42.0

%

41.1

%

0.9

%

2.0

%

Research and development as a percentage of net sales

 

12.6

%

12.4

%

0.2

%

1.2

%

Income before income taxes

 

$

19,378

 

$

24,844

 

$

(5,466

)

(22.0

)%

Cash provided by operating activities

 

$

28,641

 

$

39,936

 

$

(11,295

)

(28.3

)%

Capital spending as a percentage of net sales

 

3.1

%

4.2

%

(1.1

)%

(26.6

)%

 

 

22



 

Definitions and analysis of these performance indicators are as follows:

 

Bookings

 

Bookings represent orders expected to be shipped within 12 months and services to be provided pursuant to service contracts.  While we generally have not experienced a significant rate of cancellation, bookings are generally cancelable by our customers without substantial penalty and, therefore, we can not assure all bookings will be converted to net sales.

 

Second quarter bookings decreased 2.2% and bookings for the six months ended March 29, 2008 increased 5.3% from the same periods one year ago.  For both the quarter and six months, increases in the microelectronics and scientific and government programs markets were partially offset by decreases in the OEM components and instrumentation and materials processing markets.

 

Microelectronics

 

Orders from semiconductor capital equipment applications remained soft due to the downturn in the industry.  While we continue to focus on market share gains, we do not expect any appreciable impact before the end of the calendar year.  Demand for lasers used in via drilling was strong, due both from cell phone manufacturing and IC substrate packaging.  As these markets are strongly influenced by consumer spending, we are closely tracking macroeconomic indicators.  Bookings from laser direct imaging decreased, which is reflective of current market conditions.  The long-term key to this market is the dollars per Watt and we are aggressively pursuing new product architectures to support this goal.

 

For the past few quarters, flat panel display manufacturers have made process improvements to increase annealing yields. With capacity absorption maximized, we have received orders for additional laser systems.  These will be used for sequential lateral solidification (“SLS”) processing of thin-film transistors and active matrix organic light-emitting diode (“AMOLED”) panels and be equipped with an excimer light source and our line-beam delivery optics.

 

The solar cell market has been receiving attention in the press, especially with oil at record highs.  We have seen a steady increase in solar applications during each of the last two fiscal years.  Solar bookings increased in the second quarter of fiscal 2008 and the total for the first six months of fiscal 2008 has almost matched the whole of fiscal 2007.  Given the industry trend, this growth is likely to be sustained throughout this fiscal year and beyond.  It is also noteworthy that we are providing ultraviolet, visible and infrared light sources to this market for a variety of applications in thin-film and crystalline silicon processing.

 

At the Japan Laser Expo in Yokohama in April 2008, we formally launched the Talisker laser system. It is the first in a series of lasers based upon an ultrafast fiber oscillator that has been designed and built to Telecordia standards.  In the Talisker, the ultrafast oscillator is paired with a high power amplifier to produce energetic, short pulses of light resulting in high peak power output.  Customer tests have demonstrated several important results including negligible heat affected zones (HAZ) and the ability to eliminate certain post-machining processes, such as post-scribe plasma processing in the case of silicon scribing.  Customer interest in Talisker is strong for a wide variety of microelectronics applications including solar cell manufacturing and precision glass scribing for the latest hand-held devices.  By applying subsystems from other products within our portfolio, the Talisker is the only laser of its type available in infrared, visible and ultraviolet configurations. Customers have already begun to place orders and revenue shipments will commence in the third quarter of fiscal 2008.

 

Scientific and Government Programs

 

While our market share and order stream for Chameleon™ remains solid, the second quarter of fiscal 2008 was marked by a surge in demand for high-performance amplifiers.  This was due in part to product enhancements, which addressed customer

 

23



 

needs, as well as the release of government funding.  At Photonics West in January 2008, we introduced the Mantis™, an ultrafast laser system that incorporates a high-power OPS pump laser.  The order rate for the Mantis™ is meeting our expectations and product has begun to ship.

 

OEM Components and Instrumentation

 

Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we have incorporated the former graphic arts and display market into OEM components and instrumentation market.   Orders from instrumentation applications increased slightly from the first quarter of fiscal 2008, but decreased from the record-setting second quarter of fiscal 2007. Orders from medical OEM’s decreased following an all-time high set in the first quarter of fiscal 2008.  Nonetheless, the market remains very active.  We received strong bookings from refractive surgery customers due in part to ongoing product portfolio consolidation. In the photocoagulation market, we have secured another major account for the OPSL™ 577.  We look forward to having all these accounts receive FDA approval.  We have also noted a renewed interest in CO2-based skin resurfacing, which has resulted in meaningful unit volume for our GEM™ Series lasers, whose performance characteristics provide a favorable overall patient experience.

 

Materials Processing

 

The materials processing market is in a very dynamic state.  Consumer sentiment in the U.S. has impacted imports, causing orders for new production equipment to weaken.  We have seen evidence of this in China.  However, demand from the Chinese domestic and European markets has remained strong, partially offsetting the softness in the U.S.  Given the regional interdependencies and unclear outlook, we expect customers to adopt a more conservative posture, especially on inventory.

 

Marking and engraving applications continue to be our prime targets.  Specialty marking of glass, diamonds and identification cards applications were strong.  On the product front, our recently released E-Series CO2 platform is performing well. The integrated design and cost of ownership model have been well received by the customer base.  We are receiving first-time and repeat orders for this product.  We are also seeing increasing demand for our Matrix Series laser platform.

 

Net Sales

 

Net sales include sales of lasers, precision optics, related accessories and service contracts.  Net sales for the second fiscal quarter increased 9.0% in our CLC segment and decreased 2.9% in our SLS segment from the same quarter one year ago.  Net sales for the first six months of fiscal 2008 increased 5.6% in our CLC segment and decreased 3.4% in our SLS segment from the same period one year ago. For a description of the reasons for changes in net sales refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this quarterly report.

 

Gross Profit as a Percentage of Net Sales

 

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales (“gross profit percentage”) is calculated as gross profit for the period divided by net sales for the period.  Gross profit percentage in the second quarter increased from 42.8% to 45.6% in our CLC segment and decreased from 42.9% to 41.7% in our SLS segment from the same quarter one year ago.  Gross profit percentage for the first six months of fiscal 2008 decreased from 44.1% to 44.0% in our CLC segment and increased from 41.1% to 42.0% in our SLS segment from the same period one year ago.  For a description of the reasons for changes in gross profit refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this quarterly report.

 

Research and Development as a Percentage of Net Sales

 

Research and development as a percentage of net sales (“R&D percentage”) is calculated as research and development expense for the period divided by net sales for the period.  Management considers R&D percentage to be an important indicator in managing our business as investing in new technologies is a key to future growth.  R&D percentage increased to 12.5% from 12.4% in the second fiscal quarter and increased to 12.6% from 12.4% for the first six months of fiscal 2008 compared to the same periods one year ago.  For a more complete description of the reasons for changes in R&D percentage refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this quarterly report.

 

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

 

Net cash provided by operating activities shown on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows primarily represents the excess of cash collected from billings to our customers and other receipts over cash paid to our vendors for

 

24



 

expenses and inventory purchases to run our business.  This amount represents cash generated by current operations to pay for equipment, technology, and other investing activities, to repay debt, fund acquisitions, repurchase our common stock and for other financing purposes.  We believe this is an important performance indicator because cash generation over the long term is essential to maintaining a healthy business and providing funds to help fuel growth.  We believe generating positive cash from operations is an indication that our products are achieving a high level of customer satisfaction and that we are appropriately monitoring our expenses, inventory levels and cash collection efforts.  For a more complete description of the reasons for changes in Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this quarterly report.

 

Days Sales Outstanding in Receivables

 

We calculate days sales outstanding (“DSO”) in receivables as net receivables at the end of the period divided by net sales during the period and then multiplied by the number of days in the period, using 90 days for quarters.  DSO in receivables indicates how well we are managing our collection of receivables, with lower DSO in receivables resulting in more cash flow available.  The more money we have tied up in receivables, the less money we have available for research and development, acquisitions, expansion, marketing and other activities to grow our business.  Our DSO in receivables for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 increased 1.5 days from the same quarter one year ago due primarily to the impact of foreign exchange rates and higher sales volumes in Asia, partially offset by a lower concentration of sales later in the quarter.

 

Days Sales Outstanding in Inventories

 

We calculate DSO in inventories as net inventories at the end of the period divided by net sales of the period and then multiplied by the number of days in the period, using 90 days for quarters.  DSO in inventories indicates how well we are managing our inventory levels, with lower DSO in inventories resulting in more cash flow available.  The more money we have tied up in inventory, the less money we have available for research and development, acquisitions, expansion, marketing and other activities to grow our business.  Our DSO in inventories for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 increased 6.1 days from the same quarter one year ago primarily due to increased inventory levels for customer support, in preparation for new product launches and to support higher sales volumes as well as the impact of foreign exchange rates.

 

Capital Spending as a Percentage of Net Sales

 

Capital spending as a percentage of net sales (“capital spending percentage”) is calculated as capital expenditures for the period divided by net sales for the period.  Capital spending percentage indicates the extent to which we are expanding or improving our operations, including investments in technology.  Management monitors capital spending levels as this assists management in measuring our cash flows, net of capital expenditures. Our capital spending percentage decreased to 2.9% and 3.1% for the second quarter and six months from 4.9% and 4.2%, respectively, for the same periods one year ago.  We anticipate that capital spending for fiscal 2008 will be approximately 4% of net sales.

 

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

 

On December 18, 2007, we announced that the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) notified us that it had denied our motion to stay the decision of the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), to suspend and delist our common stock.  Therefore, effective at the opening of business on Wednesday, December 19, 2007, our common stock was suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and was subsequently delisted. Following our delisting from the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we began trading on the Pink Sheet Electronic Quotation Service.  Our shares of common stock were re-listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market with the opening of trading on Thursday, February 14, 2008.

 

On February 12, 2008, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the Company to repurchase up to $225 million of its common stock through a modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer and an additional $25 million of its common stock, following the completion or termination of the tender offer, under its stock repurchase program, terminating no later than February 11, 2009.  On March 17, 2008, we completed our tender offer, repurchased and retired 7,972,313 shares of outstanding common stock at a price of $28.50 per share for a total of $228.1 million, including expenses.  Such repurchases were accounted for as a reduction in additional paid in capital. Upon completion of the offer, we had 23,628,161 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

25



 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total net sales represented by the line items reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007

 

March 29,
2008

 

March 31,
2007

 

Net sales

 

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

Cost of sales

 

57.0

%

57.6

%

57.5

%

57.8

%

Gross profit

 

43.0

%

42.4

%

42.5

%

42.2

%

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

12.5

%

12.4

%

12.6

%

12.4

%

Selling, general and administrative

 

24.0

%

24.4

%

25.3

%

23.6

%

Restructuring and other charges

 

%

0.1

%

%

0.1

%

Amortization of intangible assets

 

1.4

%

1.3

%

1.5

%

1.3

%

Total operating expenses

 

37.9

%

38.2

%

39.4

%

37.4

%

Income from operations

 

5.1

%

4.2

%

3.1

%

4.8

%

Other income (expense):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest and dividend income

 

2.2

%

4.1

%

2.5

%

4.1

%

Interest expense

 

(0.1

)%

(1.3

)%

(0.1

)%

(1.2

)%

Other—net

 

0.7

%

0.5

%

1.0

%

0.6

%

Total other income, net

 

2.8

%

3.3

%

3.4

%

3.5

%

Income before income taxes

 

7.9

%

7.5

%

6.5

%

8.3

%

Provision for income taxes

 

4.0

%

2.7

%

2.9

%

2.3

%

Net income

 

3.9

%

4.8

%

3.6

%

6.0

%

 

Net income for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 was $6.1 million ($0.19 per diluted share) including a $1.4 million tax expense in connection with an internal dividend from one of our European subsidiaries, $1.5 million of after-tax costs related to our restatement of financial statements and litigation resulting from our internal stock option investigation and $3.7 million of after-tax stock-related compensation expense.  Net income for the second quarter of fiscal 2007 was $7.3 million ($0.23 per diluted share) including $2.5 million of after-tax costs related to our internal stock option investigation and litigation and $2.6 million of after-tax stock-related compensation expense.   Net income for the first six months of fiscal 2008 was $10.9 million ($0.34 per diluted share) including $4.4 million of after-tax costs related to our restatement of financial statements and litigation resulting from our internal stock option investigation, $5.7 million of after-tax stock-related compensation expense and a $1.4 million tax expense in connection with an internal dividend from one of our European subsidiaries.  Net income for the first six months of fiscal 2007 was $18.0 million ($0.56 per diluted share) including $3.6 million of after-tax costs related to our internal stock option investigation.  Results for the first six months of fiscal 2007 also included approximately $4.7 million of after-tax stock-related compensation expense. Although the Company’s revenues benefitted from the stronger Euro and Japanese Yen, the impact on net income for the first three and six months of fiscal 2008 was minimal as we incur considerable manufacturing and other operating expenses in our European locations.

 

NET SALES

 

Market Application

 

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of net sales and their relative percentages of total net sales by market application (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Microelectronics

 

$

58,595

 

37.6

%

$

53,768

 

35.3

%

OEM components and instrumentation

 

43,072

 

27.6

%

42,548

 

28.0

%

Materials processing

 

23,381

 

15.0

%

25,192

 

16.6

%

Scientific and government programs

 

30,894

 

19.8

%

30,608

 

20.1

%

Total

 

$

155,942

 

100.0

%

$

152,116

 

100.0

%

 

 

26



 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Microelectronics

 

$

107,268

 

35.7

%

$

109,498

 

36.5

%

OEM components and instrumentation

 

84,053

 

28.0

%

82,012

 

27.4

%

Materials processing

 

47,884

 

15.9

%

44,566

 

14.9

%

Scientific and government programs

 

61,033

 

20.4

%

63,549

 

21.2

%

Total

 

$

300,238

 

100.0

%

$

299,625

 

100.0

%

 

Quarterly

 

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 increased by $3.8 million, or 3%, including an increase of $7.7 million due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2007.   Increases in the microelectronics, OEM components and instrumentation and scientific and government programs markets were partially offset by decreases in the materials processing market.

 

The increase in the microelectronics market of $4.8 million, or 9%, was primarily due to higher sales in micro material processing applications and the flat panel display market.   The increase in the OEM components and instrumentation market of $0.5 million, or 1%, was due primarily to higher sales for medical and bioinstrumentation applications and increased sales for military applications, including revenues contributed by Nuvonyx (acquired in April 2007), partially offset by lower sales due to the sale of substantially all of the assets of CIOL in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.  Scientific and government program sales increased $0.3 million, or 1%, due to higher demand for pumping, measuring and advanced research applications used by university and government research groups, partially offset by lower custom laser sales.  Sales in the material processing market decreased $1.8 million, or 7%, primarily due to lower commercial laser shipments for marking applications.

 

Year-to-date

 

Net sales for the first six months of fiscal 2008 increased by $0.6 million, or less than 1%, including an increase of $11.6 million due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, compared to the first six months of fiscal 2007.   Increases in the materials processing and OEM components and instrumentation markets were partially offset by decreases in the scientific and government programs and microelectronics markets.

 

Sales in the material processing market increased $3.3 million, or 7%, primarily due to higher commercial laser shipments for surface structuring and marking applications.  The increase in the OEM components and instrumentation market of $2.0 million, or 2%, was due primarily to higher sales for medical and bioinstrumentation applications and increased sales for military applications, including revenues contributed by Nuvonyx (acquired in April 2007), partially offset by lower sales due to the sale of substantially all of the assets of CIOL in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and lower semiconductor sales. Scientific and government program sales decreased $2.5 million, or 4%, due to lower demand for pumping, measuring and advanced research applications used by university and government research groups.  The decrease in the microelectronics market of $2.2 million, or 2%, was primarily due to lower sales in the flat panel display market and in micro material processing applications.

 

Although we continue to have a sizeable backlog of orders, current market conditions make it difficult to predict future orders.

 

Segments

 

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of net sales and their relative percentages of total net sales by segment (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial Lasers and Components (CLC)

 

$

75,962

 

48.7

%

$

69,720

 

45.8

%

Specialty Laser Systems (SLS)

 

79,955

 

51.3

%

82,316

 

54.1

%

Corporate and Other

 

25

 

0.0

%

80

 

0.1

%

Total

 

$

155,942

 

100.0

%

$

152,116

 

100.0

%

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage
of total
net sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial Lasers and Components (CLC)

 

$

144,566

 

48.2

%

$

136,947

 

45.7

%

Specialty Laser Systems (SLS)

 

155,622

 

51.8

%

161,086

 

53.8

%

Corporate and Other

 

50

 

0.0

%

1,592

 

0.5

%

Total

 

$

300,238

 

100.0

%

$

299,625

 

100.0

%

 

 

27



 

Quarterly

 

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 increased by $3.8 million, or 3%, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2007, with increases of $6.2 million, or 9%, in our CLC segment and decreases of $2.4 million, or 3%, in our SLS segment.

 

The increase in our CLC segment sales was primarily due to higher sales for flat panel display, via drilling, direct writing and marking applications as well as increased military application sales, including revenues contributed by Nuvonyx (acquired in April 2007) and increased bioinstrumentation and medical sales, partially offset by lower sales due to the sale of substantially all of the assets of CIOL in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and lower semiconductor application sales.  The decrease in our SLS segment sales was primarily due to lower revenue in the microelectronics market for flat panel display applications, partially offset by higher revenue for solar and micro-via applications and lower revenue in the scientific market due to lower customer laser revenue.

 

Year-to-date

 

Net sales for the first six months of fiscal 2008 increased by $0.6 million, or less than 1%, compared to the first six months of fiscal 2007, with increases of $7.6 million, or 6%, in our CLC segment, decreases of $5.5 million, or 3%, in our SLS segment and decreases of $1.5 million in Corporate and Other.

 

The increase in our CLC segment sales was primarily due to increased military application sales, including revenues contributed by Nuvonyx (acquired in April 2007), higher sales for direct writing and marking applications, flat panel display applications and increased bioinstrumentation and medical sales, partially offset by lower sales due to the sale of substantially all of the assets of CIOL in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and lower semiconductor and graphic arts and display application sales.  The decrease in our SLS segment sales was primarily due to lower scientific revenue for custom lasers, partially offset by increased sales to the microelectronics market for solar, micro-via and semiconductor inspection applications.  Corporate and Other sales decreased due to non-recurring royalty revenue from Luna Innovations, Inc. in the first quarter of fiscal 2007.

 

GROSS PROFIT

 

Consolidated

 

Our gross profit rate increased to 43.0% from 42.4% in the second fiscal quarter and increased to 42.5% from 42.2% for the six months ended March 29, 2008, compared to the same periods one year ago.

 

The second quarter 0.6% increase in gross profit was primarily due to improved product mix (1.9%) with higher volumes of medical application sales and lower materials cost, and lower warranty costs (0.7%), partially offset by higher other costs (1.6%) including inventory provisions, freight and duty, higher installation costs (0.2%) and higher stock-related compensation expense (0.2%).

 

28



 

The gross profit increase of 0.3% during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was primarily due to improved product mix (1.5%) with higher volumes of medical application sales, higher service margins and improved yields as well as lower warranty costs (0.5%), partially offset by higher other costs (1.5%) including inventory provisions, freight and duty, and higher installation costs (0.2%).

 

Our gross profit rate has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors including market mix, manufacturing efficiencies, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, warranty costs, pricing by competitors or suppliers, new product introductions, production volume, customization and reconfiguration of systems, commodity prices and foreign currency fluctuations.

 

Commercial Lasers and Components

 

The gross profit rate in our CLC segment increased to 45.6% from 42.8% in the second fiscal quarter and decreased to 44.0% from 44.1% for the six months ended March 29, 2008 compared to the same periods one year ago.

 

The first quarter 2.8% increase in gross profit was primarily due to more favorable product mix and lower materials costs (2.3%) due to improved manufacturing efficiencies and lower warranty costs (1.9%), partially offset by higher other costs (0.8%) due to higher inventory provisions and lower scrap recoveries (0.6%).

 

The gross profit decrease of 0.1% during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was due to higher other costs (1.1%) including freight and duty and inventory provisions as well as lower scrap recoveries (0.5%) offset by  lower warranty costs (1.0%), improved product cost and mix (0.7%), improved yields and lower volumes of low margin imaging optics application sales.

 

Specialty Laser Systems

 

The gross profit rate in our SLS segment decreased to 41.7% from 42.9% in the second fiscal quarter and increased to 42.0% from 41.1% for the six months ended March 29, 2008 compared to the same periods one year ago.

 

The second quarter 1.2% decrease in gross profit was primarily due to higher other costs (1.6%) due to higher inventory provisions and higher duty and freight and higher warranty (0.5%) and installation costs (0.5%) for scientific systems in Europe, partially offset by lower scrap and rework costs (0.7%) and favorable product mix (0.7%).

 

The gross profit increase of 0.9% during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was primarily due to more favorable product mix (2.1%) within the microelectronics and medical markets coupled with improved manufacturing efficiencies and lower scrap and rework costs (0.2%) partially offset by higher other costs (1.0%) due to higher inventory provisions and higher freight and duty and higher installation costs (0.4%) for excimer and scientific products.

 

OPERATING EXPENSES:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage of
total net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage of
total net sales

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Research and development

 

$

19,428

 

12.5

%  

$

18,884

 

12.4

%

Selling, general and administrative

 

37,384

 

24.0

%

37,139

 

24.4

%

Restructuring and other charges

 

 

%

111

 

0.1

%

Amortization of intangible assets

 

2,229

 

1.4

%

1,950

 

1.3

%

Total operating expenses

 

$

59,041

 

37.9

%

$

58,084

 

38.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

March 31, 2007

 

 

 

Amount

 

Percentage of total net sales

 

Amount

 

Percentage of total net sales

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Research and development

 

$

37,747

 

12.6

%  

$

37,206

 

12.4

%

Selling, general and administrative

 

76,202

 

25.3

%

70,623

 

23.6

%

Restructuring and other charges

 

 

%

248

 

0.1

%

Amortization of intangible assets

 

4,435

 

1.5

%

3,893

 

1.3

%

Total operating expenses

 

$

118,384

 

39.4

%

$

111,970

 

37.4

%

 

 

29



 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses increased $0.5 million or 3%, during the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2008 and increased $0.5 million, or 1%, during the six months ended March 29, 2008 compared to the comparable periods one year ago.  The second fiscal quarter increase was primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates ($0.8 million), higher headcount related spending ($0.3 million) and $0.1 million higher stock-related compensation expense, partially offset by $0.3 million lower gains on deferred compensation plan liabilities, lower spending on greening projects ($0.3 million) and $0.1 million lower other spending.  The increase for the first six months of fiscal 2008 was primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates ($1.5 million) and higher headcount related spending ($0.6 million), partially offset by lower spending on greening projects ($0.8 million), $0.4 million lower gains on deferred compensation plan liabilities, $0.2 million lower stock-related compensation expense and $0.2 million lower other spending.  On a quarterly segment basis, CLC project spending, including the impact of foreign exchange rates and the acquisition of Nuvonyx, increased $1.1 million, SLS project spending, including the impact of foreign exchange rates, increased $0.4 million and Corporate and Other spending decreased $1.0 million.  On a segment basis for the first six months of fiscal 2008, CLC project spending increased $1.9 million, including the impact of foreign currency exchange rates and the acquisition of Nuvonyx, SLS project spending, including the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, increased $0.4 million and Corporate and Other spending decreased $1.9 million

 

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased $0.2 million or 1%, during the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2008 and increased $5.6 million, or 8%, during the six months ended March 29, 2008 compared to the comparable periods one year ago.  The second fiscal quarter increase was primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates ($1.6 million), higher headcount related spending ($1.2 million), $1.0 million higher stock-related compensation expense primarily due to increased payroll tax liabilities for stock options subject to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”), higher legal and tax consulting costs ($0.9 million), and $0.1 million higher other spending, partially offset by $1.8 million lower costs related to our restatement of financial statements and litigation resulting from our internal stock option investigation, $1.8 million lower expense due to lower gains on deferred compensation plan liabilities and $1.0 million lower spending on audit and tax services due to timing of services provided. For the quarter, CLC segment expenses increased $1.4 million primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, higher headcount related spending, the acquisition of Nuvonyx and higher spending on tradeshows. For the quarter, SLS segment expenses increased $1.1 million primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, higher headcount related spending and higher spending on tradeshows.  Quarterly spending for Corporate and Other decreased $2.3 million primarily due to $1.8 million lower costs related to the stock option investigation and litigation, $1.3 million lower charges for gains on deferred compensation liabilities and lower audit costs due to timing of work performed, partially offset by $0.8 million higher stock-related compensation expense and higher headcount related and consulting spending.

 

The increase in SG&A expenses for the first six months of fiscal 2008 was primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates ($2.9 million), higher headcount related spending ($2.6 million), higher legal and tax consulting costs ($1.3 million), $1.2 million higher costs related to our restatement of financial statements and litigation resulting from our internal stock option investigation, $0.5 million higher stock-related compensation expense primarily due to increased payroll tax liabilities for stock options subject to Section 409A and $0.4 million higher other spending, partially offset by $2.3 million lower expense due to lower gains on deferred compensation plan liabilities and $1.0 million lower spending on audit and tax services due to timing of services provided.  For the first six months of fiscal 2008, CLC segment expenses increased $2.0 million primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, higher headcount related spending, higher spending on software maintenance, the acquisition of Nuvonyx and higher spending on tradeshows. For the first six months of fiscal 2008, SLS segment expenses increased $3.8 million primarily due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, higher headcount related spending, higher demo inventory costs and higher spending on tradeshows.  Spending for Corporate and Other decreased $0.2 million for the first six months of fiscal 2008 primarily due to $2.3 million lower expense due to lower gains on deferred compensation plan liabilities and lower spending on audit and tax services partially offset by $1.2 million higher costs related to the stock option investigation and litigation, higher costs for tax and legal consulting services, and higher stock-related compensation expense.

 

Restructuring and other charges (recoveries) during the first six months of fiscal 2007 were related to the $0.3 million write-off of Excel acquisition related costs partially offset by adjustments to the estimated contractual obligation for lease and other facility costs of a previously vacated building, net of estimated sublease income.

 

30



 

Amortization of intangible assets increased $0.3 million, or 14%, and $0.5 million, or 14%, during the three and six months ended March 29, 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods one year ago. The increases were primarily due the amortization of intangibles related to our April 2007 Nuvonyx acquisition.

 

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

 

Other income, net of other expense, decreased $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, during the three and six months ended March 29, 2008 compared to the same periods one year ago. The quarterly decrease was primarily due to lower interest income ($2.9 million) as a result of lower cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances as well as lower rates of return and lower gains on deferred compensation plan assets ($1.5 million), partially offset by lower interest expense ($1.7 million) primarily due to the payoff of our convertible subordinated notes in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, Japan consumption tax savings ($1.0 million) and higher foreign exchange gains ($0.9 million).  The decrease for the first six months of fiscal 2008 was primarily due to lower interest income ($4.9 million) as a result of lower cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances as well as lower rates of return, lower gains on deferred compensation plan assets ($1.7 million) and lower sublease income ($0.6 million), partially offset by lower interest expense ($3.3 million) primarily due to the payoff of our convertible subordinated notes in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, higher foreign exchange gains ($2.8 million) and Japan consumption tax savings ($0.9 million).

 

INCOME TAXES

 

The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the second quarter of fiscal 2008 of 50.4% was higher than the statutory rate of 35.0% due primarily to permanent differences related to foreign currency exchange gains on previously taxed income distributions to us from our foreign subsidiaries and deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, partially offset by the benefit of foreign tax credits.   The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the first six months of fiscal 2008 of 44.0% was higher than the statutory rate of 35.0% due primarily to permanent differences related to foreign currency exchange gains on previously taxed income distributions to us from our foreign subsidiaries and deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, partially offset by the benefit of foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits.

 

The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the second quarter of fiscal 2007 of 36.6% was higher than the statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to permanent differences related to deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, partially offset by the benefit of foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits. The effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the six months ended March 31, 2007 of 27.4% was lower than the statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the benefit of foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits, partially offset by permanent differences related to deemed dividend  inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules.

 

FINANCIAL CONDITION

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Sources and Uses of Cash

 

Historically, our primary source of cash has been provided through operations. Other sources of cash include proceeds received from the sale of stock through employee stock option and purchase plans, as well as through debt borrowings. Our historical uses of cash have primarily been for capital expenditures, acquisitions of businesses and technologies, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt obligations and the repurchase of our common stock. Supplemental information pertaining to our historical sources and uses of cash is presented as follows and should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows and the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements:

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

March 29,

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

$

28,641

 

$

39,936

 

Sales of shares under employee stock plans

 

1,362

 

3,784

 

Repurchase of common stock

 

(228,147

)

 

Capital expenditures

 

(9,213

)

(12,523

)

Net payments on debt borrowings

 

(6

)

(4

)

 

 

31



 

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $11.3 million for the first six months of fiscal 2008 compared to the same period one year ago. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to lower cash flows from accounts receivable and lower net income. We believe that cash provided by operating activities will be adequate to cover our working capital needs, debt service requirements and planned capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months to the extent such items are known or are reasonably determinable based on current business and market conditions.  However, we may elect to finance certain of our capital expenditure requirements through borrowings under our bank credit facilities or other sources of capital.  We continue to follow our strategy to further strengthen our financial position by using available cash flow to fund operations.

 

We intend to continue pursuing acquisition opportunities at valuations we believe are reasonable based upon market conditions.  However, we cannot accurately predict the timing, size and success of our acquisition efforts or our associated potential capital commitments.  Furthermore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire businesses on terms acceptable to us.  We expect to fund future acquisitions through unrestricted cash balances and cash flows from operations.  If required, we will look for additional borrowings or consider the issuance of securities.  The extent to which we will be willing or able to use our common stock to make acquisitions will depend on its market value at the time and the willingness of potential sellers to accept it as full or partial payment.

 

Additional sources of cash available to us included a multi-currency line of credit and bank credit facilities totaling $10.7 million as of March 29, 2008, of which $10.6 million was unused and available. These credit facilities were used in Europe during the first six months of fiscal 2008.  Effective March 31, 2008, we entered into a $40 million unsecured revolving credit account with Union Bank of California, which expires on March 31, 2010.  Our Union Bank of California agreement is subject to covenants related to financial ratios and tangible net worth.

 

On February 12, 2008, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the Company to repurchase up to $225 million of its common stock through a modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer and an additional $25 million of its common stock, following the completion or termination of the tender offer, under its stock repurchase program, terminating no later than February 11, 2009.  On March 17, 2008, we completed our tender offer, repurchased and retired 7,972,313 shares of outstanding common stock, approximately 25% of the shares issued and outstanding, for a total of $228.1 million, including expenses.

 

Our ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 3.9:1 at March 29, 2008 compared to 5.2:1 at September 29, 2007. The decrease in our ratio from September 29, 2007 to March 29, 2008 is primarily due to decreases in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.  Our cash position, short-term investments, working capital and current debt obligations are as follows:

 

 

 

March 29, 2008

 

September 29, 2007

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

169,784

 

$

315,927

 

Short-term investments

 

14,842

 

45,896

 

Restricted cash, current

 

2,758

 

2,460

 

Working capital

 

383,731

 

536,833

 

Total debt obligations

 

28

 

30

 

 

Current Restricted Cash

 

As part of our tender offer to purchase the remaining outstanding shares of Lambda Physik, we were required by local regulations to have funds available for the offer in an account located in Germany. As of March 29, 2008 and September 29, 2007, we had $2.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively, restricted for remaining close out costs associated with our purchase of the remaining outstanding shares of Lambda Physik, which are included in current restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets.

 

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933. Information regarding our long-term debt payments, operating lease payments, obligations under SFAS 143, purchase commitments with suppliers and purchase obligations is provided in Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2007. There have been no material changes in contractual obligations since September 29, 2007. In April 2008, we finalized our lease agreement and began to move employees into an additional building in Santa Clara, California. The future minimum lease payments for the

 

32



 

building total $12.2 million over seven years.  Information regarding our other financial commitments at March 29, 2008 is provided in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this filing.

 

During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we adopted the provisions of FIN 48.  We had historically classified interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits as current liabilities, but beginning with the adoption of FIN 48 we have reclassified gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 29, 2008, we recorded gross unrecognized tax benefits of $45.7 million and gross interest and penalties of $5.6 million, both of which are classified as non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.  At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes.

 

Changes in Financial Condition

 

Cash provided by operating activities during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was $28.6 million, which included depreciation and amortization of $16.7 million, net income of $10.9 million, stock-based compensation expense of $5.3 million and decreases in net deferred tax assets of $0.9 million, partially offset by cash used by operating assets and liabilities of $5.2 million.

 

Cash provided by investing activities during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was $39.0 million, which included $31.1 million, net, sales of available-for-sale securities, $9.9 million proceeds from dispositions of property and equipment, $6.5 million proceeds received from the sale of substantially all of the assets of CIOL in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and $0.7 million other, partially offset by $9.2 million used to acquire property and equipment and improve buildings.

 

Cash used by financing activities during the first six months of fiscal 2008 was $227.7 million, which included $228.1 million used to repurchase our common stock and a decrease of $0.9 million in our cash overdraft, partially offset by $1.3 million proceeds from exercises of employee stock options.

 

Changes in exchange rates during the first six months of fiscal 2008 provided $13.9 million, primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro and the Japanese Yen in relation to the U.S. dollar.

 

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

 

In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Financial Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” (“FIN 48”) which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. In addition, in May 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FIN 48-1, “Definition of Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48,”(“FSP FIN 48-1”) to amend FIN No. 48 by providing that previously unrecognized tax benefits can be recognized when the tax positions are effectively settled upon examination by a taxing authority. According to FSP FIN 48-1, an enterprise’s tax position will be considered effectively settled if the taxing authority has completed its examination, the enterprise does not plan to appeal, and the possibility is remote that the taxing authority would reexamine the tax position in the future. We adopted FIN 48 and FSP FIN 48-1 for our fiscal year 2008 beginning September 30, 2007. See Note 11, “Income Taxes” of the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information, including the effects of adoption on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2006, the FASB ratified the consensus on Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 06-3, “How Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement” (“EITF 06-3”) which requires a policy be adopted to present externally imposed taxes on revenue producing transactions on either a gross or net basis. Coherent’s policy is to present such taxes on a gross basis. Gross or net presentation may be elected for each different type of tax, but similar taxes should be presented consistently. Taxes within the scope of this issue would include taxes that are imposed on a revenue transaction between a seller and a customer. We adopted EITF 06-3 for our fiscal year beginning September 30, 2007. The adoption of EITF 06-3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is

 

33



 

effective for us for interim periods within our fiscal year beginning September 28, 2008. We are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. We have not yet determined the impact that the implementation of SFAS No. 157 will have on our non-financial assets and liabilities; however we do not anticipate it to significantly impact our consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards, which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities, on an instrument-by-instrument basis. If the fair value option is elected, unrealized gains and losses on existing items for which fair value has been elected are reported as a cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings. Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 159, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for us for our fiscal year beginning September 28, 2008 with earlier adoption permitted. We have elected not to early adopt and are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business combinations. SFAS 141(R) defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination, establishes the acquisition date as the date that the acquirer achieves control and requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest at their fair values as of the acquisition date. SFAS 141(R) also requires that acquisition related costs be recognized separately from the acquisition. SFAS 141(R) is effective for us acquisitions after the beginning of our fiscal year 2010.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of SFAS No. 133. This statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 161 requires us to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why we use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect our financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for our interim period beginning December 28, 2008. We are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 161 will have on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Market risk disclosures

 

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

 

Interest rate sensitivity

 

A portion of our investment portfolio is composed of fixed income securities. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at March 29, 2008, the fair value of the portfolio, based on quoted market prices, would decline by an immaterial amount. We have the ability to generally hold our fixed income investments until maturity and therefore we would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a sudden change in market interest rates on our securities portfolio. If necessary, we may sell short-term investments prior to maturity to meet our liquidity needs.

 

At March 29, 2008 the fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities was $14.8 million, all of which were classified as short-term investments.  Gross unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $21,000 and ($9,000), respectively, at March 29, 2008.

 

34



 

Foreign currency exchange risk

 

We maintain operations in various countries outside of the United States and foreign subsidiaries that manufacture and sell our products in various global markets. A majority of our sales are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, we do generate revenues in other currencies, primarily the Euro and Yen. As a result, our earnings and cash flows are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We attempt to limit these exposures through financial market instruments. We utilize derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts with maturities of twelve months or less, to manage our exposure associated with anticipated cash flows and net asset and liability positions denominated in foreign currencies. Gains and losses on the forward contracts are mitigated by gains and losses on the underlying instruments. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

 

We do not anticipate any material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows resulting from the use of these instruments. There can be no assurance that these strategies will be effective or that transaction losses can be minimized or forecasted accurately.

 

A hypothetical 10% appreciation of the forward adjusted U.S. dollar to March 29, 2008 market rates would decrease the unrealized value of our forward contracts by $4.3 million. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% depreciation of the forward adjusted U.S. dollar to March 29, 2008 market rates would decrease the unrealized value of our forward contracts by $0.5 million.

 

The following table provides information about our foreign exchange forward contracts at March 29, 2008. The table presents the weighted average contractual foreign currency exchange rates, the value of the contracts in U.S. dollars at the contract exchange rate as of the contract maturity date and fair value. The U.S. notional fair value represents the contracted amount valued at March 29, 2008 rates.

 

Forward contracts to sell (buy) foreign currencies for U.S. dollars (in thousands, except contract rates):

 

 

 

Average Contract
Rate

 

U.S. Notional
Contract Value

 

U.S. Notional
Fair Value

 

Euro

 

1.4745

 

$

(21,645

)

$

(23,102

)

Japanese Yen

 

119.8865

 

$

(3,028

)

$

(3,649

)

Korean Won

 

939.0944

 

$

1,860

 

$

1,762

 

Chinese RMB

 

7.0050

 

$

300

 

$

302

 

 

 

35



 

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures; as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of March 29, 2008 (“Evaluation Date”).  The controls evaluation was done under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.  Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of the Evaluation Date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose for which they were designed as of March 29, 2008.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 29, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Inherent Limitations over Internal Control

 

Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

 

(i)                  pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets;

 

(ii)               provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and

 

(iii)            provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are subject to legal claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability, employment or intellectual property claims, including, but not limited to, the matters described below. The outcome of any such matters is currently not determinable. Although we do not expect that such legal claims and litigation will ultimately have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, an adverse result in one or more matters could negatively affect our results in the period in which they occur.

 

36



 

Derivative Lawsuits

 

Between February 15, 2007 and March 2, 2007, three purported shareholder derivative lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against certain of our current and former officers and directors. We are named as a nominal defendant. The complaints generally allege that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties and violated the securities laws in connection with the granting of stock options, the accounting treatment for such grants, the issuance of allegedly misleading public statements and stock sales by certain of the individual defendants. On May 29, 2007, these lawsuits were consolidated under the caption In re Coherent, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Lead Case No. C-07-0955-JF (N.D. Cal.). On June 25, 2007, plaintiffs filed an amended consolidated complaint. The consolidated complaint asserts causes of action for alleged violations of federal securities laws, violations of California securities laws, breaches of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, constructive fraud, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, insider selling and misappropriation of information. The consolidated complaint seeks, among other relief, disgorgement and damages in an unspecified amount, an accounting, rescission of allegedly improper stock option grants, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees and costs. To date, we have been paying the defense costs of the individual defendants.

 

In addition, our Board of Directors has appointed a Special Litigation Committee (“SLC”) comprised of independent director Sandeep Vij to investigate and evaluate the claims asserted in the derivative litigation and to determine what action(s) should be taken with respect to the derivative litigation. The SLC has retained legal counsel to assist it. The SLC’s investigation is ongoing.

 

SEC Inquiry

 

In 2006, we were advised that the San Francisco District Office of the SEC is conducting an informal inquiry relating to our past granting of stock options. We are cooperating fully with the inquiry.

 

Income Tax Audits

 

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is conducting an audit of our 2003 and 2004 tax returns. The IRS has issued a number of Notices of Proposed Adjustments to these returns. Among other items, the IRS has challenged our research and development credits and our extraterritorial income (“ETI”) exclusion. We have agreed to the various adjustments proposed by the IRS and we believe that we adequately provided for these exposures and any other items identified by the IRS as a result of the audit of these tax years. As part of its audit of our 2003 and 2004 years, the IRS has requested information related to our stock option investigation and we intend to comply with this request and address any issues that are raised in a timely manner.  The IRS has also indicated that it may consider an audit of our 2005 and 2006 tax returns and has requested stock option investigation information for these years.

 

The IRS is also auditing the research and development credits generated in the years 1999 through 2001 and carried forward to future tax years. We believe that we have adequately provided for any adjustments that may be proposed by the IRS related to these credits.

 

The German tax authorities are conducting an audit of our subsidiary in Göttingen for the tax years 1999 through 2005. We believe that we have adequately provided for any adjustments that may be proposed by the German tax authorities.

 

Other Matters

 

As previously disclosed, the Company’s proposed acquisition of Excel Technology, Inc. was the subject of a prohibition decision issued by the German Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”) in October 2006. While the agreement under which the Company was to acquire Excel was terminated, the Company is currently appealing the FCO’s prohibition order to the appellate court in Germany.

 

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRY TRENDS

 

Risks Associated with Our Industry, Our Business and Market Conditions

 

Our operating results, including net sales and adjusted EBITDA, and our stock price have varied in the past, and our future operating results will continue to be subject to quarterly and annual fluctuations based upon numerous factors, including those listed in this section and throughout this quarterly report. Our stock price will continue to be subject to daily variations as well. In addition, our future operating results and stock price may not follow any past trends or meet our guidance and expectations.

 

37



 

Our net sales and operating results, such as adjusted EBITDA and costs, may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year in the future. In particular we typically experience seasonality in our first fiscal quarter, resulting in lower net sales. We believe a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control, could cause these variations and make them difficult to predict, including:

 

·                  general economic uncertainties;

 

·                  fluctuations in demand for, and sales of, our products or prolonged downturns in the industries that we serve;

 

·                  the ability of our suppliers, both internal and external, to produce and deliver components and parts, including sole or limited source components, in a timely manner, in the quantity and quality desired and at the prices we have budgeted;

 

·                  timing or cancellation of customer orders and shipment scheduling;

 

·                  fluctuations in our product mix;

 

·                  foreign currency fluctuations;

 

·                  commodity pricing, including increases in oil prices;

 

·                  introductions of new products and product enhancements by our competitors, entry of new competitors into our markets, pricing pressures and other competitive factors;

 

·                  our ability to develop, introduce, manufacture and ship new and enhanced products in a timely manner without defects;

 

·                  the rate of market acceptance of our new products;

 

·                  delays or reductions in customer purchases of our products in anticipation of the introduction of new and enhanced products by us or our competitors;

 

·                  maintenance of supply relating to products sold to the government on terms which we would prefer not to accept;

 

·                  our ability to control expenses;

 

·                  the level of capital spending of our customers;

 

·                  potential obsolescence of our inventory;

 

·                  costs and timing of adhering to developing governmental regulations on our products and business;

 

·                  SEC investigations and stockholder litigation related to our internal investigation of our practices related to historical stock option grants and the related restatement of our consolidated financial statements;

 

·                  costs related to acquisitions of technology or businesses; and

 

·                  distraction of management related to acquisition or divestment activities.

 

In addition, we often recognize a substantial portion of our sales in the last month of the quarter. Our expenses for any given quarter are typically based on expected sales and if sales are below expectations in any given quarter, the adverse impact of the shortfall on our operating results may be magnified by our inability to adjust spending quickly enough to compensate for the shortfall. We also base our manufacturing on our forecasted product mix for the quarter. If the actual product mix varies significantly from our forecast, we may not be able to fill some orders during that quarter, which would result in delays in the

 

38



 

shipment of our products. Accordingly, variations in timing of sales, particularly for our higher priced, higher margin products, can cause significant fluctuations in quarterly operating results.

 

Due to these and other factors, we believe that quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year comparisons of our historical operating results may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our results for any quarter or year as an indication of our future performance. Our operating results in future quarters and years may be below public market analysts’ or investors’ expectations, which would likely cause the price of our stock to fall. In addition, over the past several years, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the stock prices of many technology companies. There has not always been a direct correlation between this volatility and the performance of particular companies subject to these stock price fluctuations. These factors, as well as general economic and political conditions or investors’ concerns regarding the credibility of corporate financial statements, may have a material adverse affect on the market price of our stock in the future.

 

We are exposed to risks associated with worldwide economic slowdowns and related uncertainties.

 

Increased concerns about consumer confidence, economic slowdown, volatile corporate profits and reduced capital spending could negatively impact demand for our products.  Business could also be impacted by international conflicts, terrorist and military activity, civil unrest and pandemic illness which could cause a slowdown in customer orders or cause customer order cancellations. In addition, political and social turmoil related to international conflicts and terrorist acts may put further pressure on economic conditions in the United States and abroad. Unstable political, social and economic conditions make it difficult for our customers, our suppliers and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities. In particular, it is difficult to develop and implement strategy, sustainable business models and efficient operations, as well as effectively manage supply chain relationships in the face of such conditions. If such conditions persist, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer.

 

We depend on sole source or limited source suppliers for some of our key components and materials, including exotic materials and crystals, in our products, which make us susceptible to supply shortages or price fluctuations that could adversely affect our business.

 

We currently purchase several key components and materials used in the manufacture of our products from sole source or limited source suppliers, both internal and external. Some of these suppliers are relatively small private companies that may discontinue their operations at any time. We typically purchase our components and materials through purchase orders and we do not have guaranteed supply arrangement with many of these suppliers. We may fail to obtain these supplies in a timely manner in the future. We may experience difficulty identifying alternative sources of supply for certain components used in our products. We would experience further delays while identifying, evaluating and testing the products of these potential alternative suppliers. Furthermore, financial or other difficulties faced by these suppliers or significant changes in demand for these components or materials could limit their availability. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these components or materials, or the inability to obtain these components and materials from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would impair our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could cause customers to cancel orders.

 

We rely exclusively on our own production capability to manufacture certain strategic components, optics and optical systems, crystals, semiconductor lasers, lasers and laser-based systems. Because we manufacture, package and test these components, products and systems at our own facilities, and such components, products and systems are not readily available from other sources, any interruption in manufacturing would adversely affect our business. In addition, our failure to achieve adequate manufacturing yields of these items at our manufacturing facilities may materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

 

Our future success depends on our ability to increase our sales volumes and decrease our costs to offset anticipated declines in the average selling prices (“ASPs”) of our products and, if we are unable to realize greater sales volumes and lower costs, our operating results may suffer.

 

Our future success depends on the continued growth of the markets for lasers, laser systems, precision optics and related accessories, as well as our ability to identify, in advance, emerging markets for laser-based systems. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully identify, on a timely basis, new high-growth markets in the future. Moreover, we cannot assure you that new markets will develop for our products or our customers’ products, or that our technology or pricing will enable such markets to develop. Future demand for our products is uncertain and will depend to a great degree on continued technological development and the introduction of new or enhanced products. If this does not continue, sales of our products may decline and our business will be harmed.

 

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We have historically been the industry’s high quality supplier of laser systems. We have, in the past, experienced decreases in the ASPs of some of our products. We anticipate that as competing products become more widely available, the ASPs of our products may decrease. If we are unable to offset the anticipated decrease in our ASPs by increasing our sales volumes, our net sales will decline. In addition, to maintain our gross margins, we must continue to reduce the cost of manufacturing our products while maintaining their high quality. From time to time, our products, like many complex technological products, may fail in greater frequency than anticipated. This can lead to further charges, which can result in higher costs, lower gross margins and lower operating results. Furthermore, as average ASPs of our current products decline, we must develop and introduce new products and product enhancements with higher margins. If we cannot maintain our gross margins, our operating results could be seriously harmed, particularly if the ASPs of our products decrease significantly.

 

Our future success depends on our ability to develop and successfully introduce new and enhanced products that meet the needs of our customers.

 

Our current products address a broad range of commercial and scientific research applications in the photonics markets. We cannot assure you that the market for these applications will continue to generate significant or consistent demand for our products. Demand for our products could be significantly diminished by disrupting technologies or products that replace them or render them obsolete. Furthermore, the new and enhanced products generally continue to be smaller in size and have lower ASPs, and therefore, we have to sell more units to maintain revenue levels.

 

During fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, our research and development expenses have been in the range of 11% to 13% of net sales. Our future success depends on our ability to anticipate our customers’ needs and develop products that address those needs. Introduction of new products and product enhancements will require that we effectively transfer production processes from research and development to manufacturing and coordinate our efforts with those of our suppliers to achieve volume production rapidly. If we fail to transfer production processes effectively, develop product enhancements or introduce new products in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of our customers as scheduled, our net sales may be reduced and our business may be harmed.

 

We face risks associated with our foreign sales that could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

 

For the three and six months ended March 29, 2008, 71% and 68%, respectively, of our net sales were derived from customers outside of the United States. For fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005, 68%, 68% and 65%, respectively, of our net sales were derived from customers outside of the United States. We anticipate that foreign sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. A global economic slowdown could have a negative effect on various foreign markets in which we operate. Such a slowdown may cause us to reduce our presence in certain countries, which may negatively affect the overall level of business in such countries. The majority of our foreign sales occur through our foreign sales subsidiaries and the remainder of our foreign sales result from exports to foreign distributors, resellers and customers. Our foreign operations and sales are subject to a number of risks, including:

 

·      longer accounts receivable collection periods;

 

·      the impact of recessions and other economic conditions in economies outside the United States;

 

·      unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

 

·      certification requirements;

 

·      environmental regulations;

 

·      reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

·      potentially adverse tax consequences;

 

·      political and economic instability; and

 

·      preference for locally produced products.

 

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We are also subject to the risks of fluctuating foreign exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect the sales price of our products in foreign markets, as well as the costs and expenses of our foreign subsidiaries. While we use forward exchange contracts and other risk management techniques to hedge our foreign currency exposure, we remain exposed to the economic risks of foreign currency fluctuations.

 

We may not be able to protect our proprietary technology, which could adversely affect our competitive advantage.

 

Maintenance of intellectual property rights and the protection thereof is important to our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot assure you that our patent applications will be approved, that any patents that may be issued will protect our intellectual property or that any issued patents will not be challenged by third parties. Other parties may independently develop similar or competing technology or design around any patents that may be issued to us. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.

 

We may, in the future, initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights to protect these rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of competitors. These claims could result in costly litigation and the diversion of our technical and management personnel. Adverse resolution of litigation may harm our operating results or financial condition.

 

In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, like many other technology companies, we have received communications from other parties asserting the existence of patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights or other intellectual property rights which such third parties believe may cover certain of our products, processes, technologies or information. In the future, we may be a party to litigation to protect our intellectual property or as a result of an alleged infringement of others’ intellectual property. These claims and any resulting lawsuit, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages or invalidation of our proprietary rights. These lawsuits, regardless of their success, would likely be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation could also force us to do one or more of the following:

 

·      stop manufacturing, selling or using our products that use the infringed intellectual property;

 

·                  obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology, although such license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or

 

·      redesign the products that use the technology.

 

If we are forced to take any of these actions, our business may be seriously harmed. We do not have insurance to cover potential claims of this type.

 

We are exposed to lawsuits in the normal course of business which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition.

 

We are exposed to lawsuits in the normal course of our business, including product liability claims, if personal injury, death or commercial losses occur from the use of our products. While we typically maintain customary levels of business insurance, including directors’ and officers’ policies, litigation can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations, including the potential impact of indemnification obligations for individuals named in any such lawsuits. We may not, however, be able to secure insurance coverage on terms acceptable to us in the future. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of a particular lawsuit, including a recall or redesign of products if ultimately determined to be defective, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, or financial condition.

 

We depend on skilled personnel to operate our business effectively in a rapidly changing market, and if we are unable to retain existing or hire additional personnel when needed, our ability to develop and sell our products could be harmed.

 

Our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel will be a critical factor in determining whether we will be successful in the future. Recruiting and retaining highly skilled personnel in certain functions continues to be difficult. At certain locations where we operate, the cost of living is extremely high and it may be difficult to retain key employees and

 

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management at a reasonable cost. We may not be successful in attracting, assimilating or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. Our failure to attract additional employees and retain our existing employees could adversely affect our growth and our business.

 

Our future success depends upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key engineering, sales, marketing, manufacturing and support personnel, any of whom may leave, which could harm our business and our results of operations.

 

The long sales cycles for our products may cause us to incur significant expenses without offsetting revenues.

 

Customers often view the purchase of our products as a significant and strategic decision. As a result, customers typically expend significant effort in evaluating, testing and qualifying our products before making a decision to purchase them, resulting in a lengthy initial sales cycle. While our customers are evaluating our products and before they place an order with us, we may incur substantial sales and marketing and research and development expenses to customize our products to the customer’s needs. We may also expend significant management efforts, increase manufacturing capacity and order long lead-time components or materials prior to receiving an order. Even after this evaluation process, a potential customer may not purchase our products. As a result, these long sales cycles may cause us to incur significant expenses without ever receiving revenue to offset such expenses.

 

The markets in which we sell our products are intensely competitive and increased competition could cause reduced sales levels, reduced gross margins or the loss of market share.

 

Competition in the various photonics markets in which we provide products is very intense. We compete against a number of large public and private companies, including Newport Corporation; Excel Technology, Inc.; JDS Uniphase Corporation; Rofin-Sinar Technologies, Inc.; Trumpf GmbH; IPG Photonics Corporation; and Cymer, Inc., as well as other smaller companies. Some of our competitors are large companies that have significant financial, technical, marketing and other resources. These competitors may be able to devote greater resources than we can to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. Some of our competitors are much better positioned than we are to acquire other companies in order to gain new technologies or products that may displace our product lines. Any of these acquisitions could give our competitors a strategic advantage. Any business combinations or mergers among our competitors, forming larger competitors with greater resources, could result in increased competition, price reductions, reduced margins or loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Additional competitors may enter the market and we are likely to compete with new companies in the future. We may encounter potential customers that, due to existing relationships with our competitors, are committed to the products offered by these competitors. As a result of the foregoing factors, we expect that competitive pressures may result in price reductions, reduced margins and loss of market share. For example, in markets where there are a limited number of customers, such as the microelectronics market, competition is particularly intense.

 

Some of our laser systems are complex in design and may contain defects that are not detected until deployed by our customers, which could increase our costs and reduce our revenues.

 

Laser systems are inherently complex in design and require ongoing regular maintenance. The manufacture of our lasers, laser products and systems involves a highly complex and precise process. As a result of the technological complexity of our products, changes in our or our suppliers’ manufacturing processes or the inadvertent use of defective materials by us or our suppliers could result in a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields and product reliability. To the extent that we do not achieve and maintain our projected yields or product reliability, our business, operating results, financial condition and customer relationships would be adversely affected. We provide warranties on certain of our product sales, and allowances for estimated warranty costs are recorded during the period of sale. The determination of such allowances requires us to make estimates of failure rates and expected costs to repair or replace the products under warranty. We currently establish warranty reserves based on historical warranty costs for each product line. If actual return rates and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from our estimates, adjustments to cost of sales may be required in future periods.

 

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Our customers may discover defects in our products after the products have been fully deployed and operated under peak stress conditions. In addition, some of our products are combined with products from other vendors, which may contain defects. As a result, should problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. If we are unable to identify and fix defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things:

 

·      loss of customers;

 

·      increased costs of product returns and warranty expenses;

 

·      damage to our brand reputation;

 

·      failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance;

 

·      diversion of development and engineering resources; and

 

·      legal actions by our customers and/or their end users.

 

The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing factors could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If we fail to accurately forecast component and material requirements for our products, we could incur additional costs and incur significant delays in shipments, which could result in loss of customers.

 

We use rolling forecasts based on anticipated product orders and material requirements planning systems to determine our product requirements. It is very important that we accurately predict both the demand for our products and the lead times required to obtain the necessary components and materials. We depend on our suppliers for most of our product components and materials. Lead times for components and materials that we order vary significantly and depend on factors including the specific supplier requirements, the size of the order, contract terms and current market demand for components. For substantial increases in our sales levels, some of our suppliers may need at least six months lead-time. If we overestimate our component and material requirements, we may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our component and material requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt and delay delivery of our products to our customers. Any of these occurrences would negatively impact our net sales, business or operating results.

 

Our increased reliance on contract manufacturing may adversely impact our financial results and operations.

 

Our manufacturing strategy includes partnering with contract manufacturers to outsource non-core subassemblies and less complex turnkey products, including some performed at international sites located in Asia and Eastern Europe. Additionally, we have recently announced our intention to outsource the manufacture of certain of our optics components to a third party.  Our ability to resume internal manufacturing operations for certain products and components in a timely manner may be eliminated. The cost, quality, performance and availability of contract manufacturing operations are and will be essential to the successful production and sale of many of our products. The inability of any contract manufacturer to meet our cost, quality, performance, and availability standards could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations. We may not be able to provide contract manufacturers with product volumes that are high enough to achieve sufficient cost savings. If shipments fall below forecasted levels, we may incur increased costs or be required to take ownership of the inventory. Also, our ability to control the quality of products produced by contract manufacturers may be limited and quality issues may not be resolved in a timely manner, which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations.

 

If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business could be disrupted, which could harm our operating results.

 

Our ability to successfully offer our products and implement our business plan in evolving markets requires an effective planning and management process. We continue to expand the scope of our operations domestically and internationally. The growth in sales, combined with the challenges of managing geographically-dispersed operations, has placed a significant strain on our management systems and resources, and our anticipated growth in future operations could continue to place such a strain. The failure to effectively manage our growth could disrupt our business and harm our operating results.

 

Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.

 

We have in the past made strategic acquisitions of other corporations and entities, including asset purchases, and we continue to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of complementary companies, products and technologies. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could:

 

·      issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

 

·      pay cash;

 

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·      incur debt;

 

·      assume liabilities; or

 

·      incur expenses related to in-process research and development, impairment of goodwill and amortization.

 

These purchases also involve numerous risks, including:

 

·      problems combining the acquired operations, technologies or products;

 

·                  unanticipated costs or liabilities, including the costs associated with improving the internal controls of the acquired company;

 

·      diversion of management’s attention from our core businesses;

 

·      adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

 

·      potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the purchased organizations; and

 

·                  the failure to complete acquisitions even after signing definitive agreements which, among other things, would result in the expensing of potentially significant professional fees and other charges in the period in which the acquisition or negotiations are terminated.

 

We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire in the future, which may harm our business.

 

We use standard laboratory and manufacturing materials that could be considered hazardous and we could be liable for any damage or liability resulting from accidental environmental contamination or injury.

 

Although most of our products do not incorporate hazardous or toxic materials and chemicals, some of the gases used in our excimer lasers and some of the liquid dyes used in some of our scientific laser products are highly toxic. In addition, our operations involve the use of standard laboratory and manufacturing materials that could be considered hazardous. Also, if a facility fire were to occur at our Tampere, Finland site and were to spread to a reactor used to grow semiconductor wafers, it could release highly toxic emissions. We believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with all federal, state and offshore regulations and standards. However, the risk of accidental environmental contamination or injury from such materials cannot be entirely eliminated. In the event of such an accident involving such materials, we could be liable for damages and such liability could exceed the amount of our liability insurance coverage and the resources of our business.

 

Compliance or the failure to comply with current and future environmental regulations could cause us significant expense.

 

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and foreign environmental regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous chemicals used during our manufacturing process or requiring design changes or recycling of products we manufacture. If we fail to comply with any present and future regulations, we could be subject to future liabilities, the suspension of production or a prohibition on the sale of products we manufacture. In addition, such regulations could restrict our ability to expand our facilities or could require us to acquire costly equipment, or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations, including expenses associated with the recall of any non-compliant product and the management of historical waste.

 

From time to time new regulations are enacted, and it is difficult to anticipate how such regulations will be implemented and enforced. We continue to evaluate the necessary steps for compliance with regulations as they are enacted. These regulations include, for example, the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“RoHS”) and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“WEEE”) enacted in the European Union which regulate the use of certain hazardous substances in, and require the collection, reuse and recycling of waste from, certain products we manufacture. This and similar legislation that has been or is in the process of being enacted in Japan, China, Korea and various states of the United States may require us to re-design our products to ensure compliance with the applicable standards, for example by requiring the use of different types of materials. These re-designs or alternative

 

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materials may detrimentally impact the performance of our products, add greater testing lead-times for product introductions or have other similar effects. We believe we comply with all such legislation where our products are sold and we will continue to monitor these laws and the regulations being adopted under them to determine our responsibilities. In addition, we are monitoring legislation relating to the reduction of carbon emissions from industrial operations to determine whether we may be required to incur any additional material costs or expenses associated with our operations. We are not currently aware of any such material costs or expenses. Our failure to comply with any of the foregoing regulatory requirements or contractual obligations could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in the United States and foreign countries.

 

If our facilities were to experience catastrophic loss, our operations would be seriously harmed.

 

Our facilities could be subject to a catastrophic loss from fire, flood, earthquake or terrorist activity. A substantial portion of our research and development activities, manufacturing, our corporate headquarters and other critical business operations are located near major earthquake faults in Santa Clara, California, an area with a history of seismic events. Any such loss at any of our facilities could disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and revenue and result in large expenses to repair or replace the facility. While we have obtained insurance to cover most potential losses, after reviewing the costs and limitations associated with earthquake insurance, we have decided not to procure such insurance. We believe that this decision is consistent with decisions reached by numerous other companies located nearby. We cannot assure you that our existing insurance coverage will be adequate against all other possible losses.

 

Provisions of our charter documents, Delaware law, our Common Shares Rights Plan, and our Change-of-Control Severance Plan may have anti-takeover effects that could prevent or delay a change in control.

 

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition or make removal of incumbent directors or officers more difficult. These provisions may discourage takeover attempts and bids for our common stock at a premium over the market price. These provisions include:

 

·      the ability of our board of directors to alter our bylaws without stockholder approval;

 

·      limiting the ability of stockholders to call special meetings; and

 

·                  establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

 

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date such person became an interested stockholder, unless prior approval of our board of directors is obtained or as otherwise provided. These provisions of Delaware law also may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us without obtaining the prior approval of our board of directors, which may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we have adopted a change of control severance plan, which provides for the payment of a cash severance benefit to each eligible employee based on the employee’s position. If a change of control occurs, our successor or acquirer will be required to assume and agree to perform all of our obligations under the change of control severance plan.

 

Our common shares rights agreement permits the holders of rights to purchase shares of our common stock to exercise the stock purchase rights following an acquisition of or merger by us with another corporation or entity, following a sale of 50% or more of our consolidated assets or earning power, or the acquisition by an individual or entity of 20% or more of our common stock. Our successor or acquirer is required to assume all of our obligations and duties under the common shares rights agreement, including in certain circumstances the issuance of shares of its capital stock upon exercise of the stock purchase rights. The existence of our common shares rights agreement may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control and, as a consequence, may discourage potential acquirers from making tender offers for our shares.

 

Changes in tax rates, tax liabilities or tax accounting rules could affect future results.

 

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries and jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required to determine worldwide tax liabilities. Our future tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in the tax laws. In addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the

 

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Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different than the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

 

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty regarding compliance matters.

 

Federal securities laws, rules and regulations, as well as the rules and regulations of self-regulatory organizations such as Nasdaq and the NYSE, require companies to maintain extensive corporate governance measures, impose comprehensive reporting and disclosure requirements, set strict independence and financial expertise standards for audit and other committee members and impose civil and criminal penalties for companies and their chief executive officers, chief financial officers and directors for securities law violations. These laws, rules and regulations have increased and will continue to increase the scope, complexity and cost of our corporate governance, reporting and disclosure practices, which could harm our results of operations and divert management’s attention from business operations. Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure may create uncertainty regarding compliance matters. New or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases. As a result, their application in practice may evolve over time. We are committed to maintaining high standards of ethics, corporate governance and public disclosure. Complying with evolving interpretations of new or changed legal requirements may cause us to incur higher costs as we revise current practices, policies and procedures, and may divert management time and attention from revenue generating to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, our reputation may also be harmed.

 

Governmental regulations affecting the import or export of products could negatively affect our revenues.

 

The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies, especially encryption technology. In addition, from time to time, governmental agencies have proposed additional regulation of encryption technology, such as requiring the escrow and governmental recovery of private encryption keys. Governmental regulation of encryption technology and regulation of imports or exports, or our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products, could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenues.

 

We may experience difficulties with our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system and other IT systems. System failure or malfunctioning may result in disruption of operations and the inability to process transactions, and this could adversely affect our ability to timely or accurately provide our financial results.

 

System failure or malfunctioning could disrupt our ability to timely and accurately process and report key components of our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Any disruptions or difficulties that may occur in connection with our ERP system or other systems could also adversely affect our ability to complete important business processes such as the evaluation of our internal controls and attestation activities pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. If we encounter unforeseen problems with regard to our ERP system or other systems, our business and resulting financial reporting could be adversely affected.

 

Our market is unpredictable and characterized by rapid technological changes and evolving standards, and, if we fail to address changing market conditions, our business and operating results will be harmed.

 

The photonics industry is characterized by extensive research and development, rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. Because this market is subject to rapid change, it is difficult to predict its potential size or future growth rate. Our success in generating revenues in this market will depend on, among other things:

 

·      maintaining and enhancing our relationships with our customers;

 

·      the education of potential end-user customers about the benefits of lasers, laser systems and precision optics; and

 

·      our ability to accurately predict and develop our products to meet industry standards.

 

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For the three and six months ended March 29, 2008, our research and development costs were $19.4 million (12.5% of net sales) and $37.7 million (12.6% of net sales), respectively.  For our fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, our research and development costs were $74.6 million (12.4% of net sales), $73.1 million (12.5% of net sales) and $57.4 million (11.1% of net sales), respectively. We cannot assure you that our expenditures for research and development will result in the introduction of new products or, if such products are introduced, that those products will achieve sufficient market acceptance. Our failure to address rapid technological changes in our markets could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

Continued volatility in the semiconductor manufacturing industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our net sales depend in part on the demand for our products by semiconductor equipment companies. The semiconductor market has historically been characterized by sudden and severe cyclical variations in product supply and demand, which have often severely affected the demand for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, including laser-based tools and systems. The timing, severity and duration of these market cycles are difficult to predict, and we may not be able to respond effectively to these cycles. The continuing uncertainty in this market severely limits our ability to predict our business prospects or financial results in this market.

 

During industry downturns, our revenues from this market may decline suddenly and significantly. Our ability to rapidly and effectively reduce our cost structure in response to such downturns is limited by the fixed nature of many of our expenses in the near term and by our need to continue our investment in next-generation product technology and to support and service our products. In addition, due to the relatively long manufacturing lead times for some of the systems and subsystems we sell to this market, we may incur expenditures or purchase raw materials or components for products we cannot sell. Accordingly, downturns in the semiconductor capital equipment market may materially harm our operating results. Conversely, when upturns in this market occur, we must be able to rapidly and effectively increase our manufacturing capacity to meet increases in customer demand that may be extremely rapid, and if we fail to do so we may lose business to our competitors and our relationships with our customers may be harmed.

 

Matters related to our voluntary review of our historical stock option granting practices and the restatement of our financial statements may result in additional litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions.

 

Our historical stock option granting practices and the restatement of our financial statements for periods from fiscal 1995 to the quarter ended July 1, 2006 have exposed us to greater risks associated with litigation, regulatory proceedings and government enforcement actions. For more information regarding our current litigation and related inquiries, please see Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings” as well as the other risk factors related to litigation set forth in this section. We have provided the results of our internal review to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and in that regard we have responded to informal requests from the SEC. We intend to continue to cooperate with the SEC. No assurance can be given regarding the outcomes from litigation, regulatory proceedings or any applicable government enforcement actions relating to our past stock option practices which may arise. The resolution of these matters may be time consuming, expensive, and may distract management from the conduct of our business. Furthermore, if we are subject to adverse findings in litigation, regulatory proceedings or government enforcement actions, we could be required to pay damages or penalties or have other remedies imposed, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In addition, while we believe that we have made appropriate judgments in determining the correct measurement dates for our stock option grants and the disclosures related thereto, in reviewing our annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended September 30, 2006, the SEC may make further inquiry with regards to the manner in which we accounted for and reported, or not reported, the corresponding financial impact. Accordingly, there is a risk that we may have to further revise the disclosures herein or to further restate our prior financial statements, amend prior filings with the SEC, or take other actions not currently contemplated.

 

We have been named as a nominal party to a consolidated shareholder derivative lawsuit relating to our historical stock option practices, and we may be named in additional lawsuits in the future. In addition, a number of our current and former directors and officers were also named in this lawsuit. This litigation could become time consuming and expensive and could result in the payment of significant judgments and settlements, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

In connection with our historical stock option practices and resulting restatement, three derivative actions were filed against certain of our current and former directors and officers purporting to assert claims on the Company’s behalf, which were consolidated into a single action. Please see Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings.” There may be additional lawsuits of this

 

 

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nature filed in the future. We cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits, nor can we predict the amount of time and expense that will be required to resolve these lawsuits. If these lawsuits become time consuming and expensive, or if there are unfavorable outcomes in any of these cases, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our insurance coverage will not cover our total liabilities and expenses in these lawsuits, in part because we have a significant retention on certain aspects of the coverage. In addition, subject to certain limitations, we are obligated to indemnify our current and former directors, officers and employees in connection with the investigation of our historical stock option practices and the related litigation and ongoing government inquiry. We currently hold insurance policies for the benefit of our directors and officers, although our insurance coverage may not be sufficient in some or all of these matters. Furthermore, the insurers may seek to deny or limit coverage in some or all of these matters, in which case we may have to self-fund all or a substantial portion of our indemnification obligations.

 

Failure to maintain effective internal controls may cause us to delay filing our periodic reports with the SEC and adversely affect our stock price.

 

The SEC, as directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on internal control over financial reporting in their annual reports on Form 10-K that contain an assessment by management of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although we review our internal control over financial reporting in order to ensure compliance with the Section 404 requirements, our failure to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which ultimately could negatively impact our stock price.

 

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Stock repurchases during the three months ended March 29, 2008 were as follows:

 

Period

 

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased

 

Average
Price Paid
per Share

 

Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or Programs

 

Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or Programs

 

December 30, 2007 - January 26, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

January 27, 2008 - February 23, 2008

 

 

 

 

 

February 24, 2008 - March 29, 2008

 

7,972,313

 

$

28.50

 

7,972,313

 

 

Total

 

7,972,313

 

$

28.50

 

7,972,313

 

 

 

In addition, on February 12, 2008, our board of directors authorized us to repurchase up to $25 million of our common stock following completion of the modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer.  The authorization extends through February 11, 2009, unless earlier terminated.

 

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

Our annual meeting of stockholders was held on March 19, 2008 (the “Annual Meeting”) and the following matters were submitted to a vote of our stockholders:

 

Election of Directors:

 

The following directors were elected at the meeting to serve as directors for the ensuing year and until their successors are duly qualified and elected:

 

 

 

Votes Cast

 

Authority

 

 

 

For

 

Withheld

 

John R. Ambroseo

 

26,781,183

 

2,436,802

 

John H. Hart

 

15,149,678

 

14,068,307

 

Susan James

 

29,029,938

 

188,047

 

Clifford Press

 

28,956,202

 

261,783

 

Lawrence Tomlinson

 

15,205,074

 

14,012,911

 

Garry W. Rogerson

 

15,197,426

 

14,020,559

 

Sandeep Vij

 

18,546,544

 

10,671,441

 

 

 

48



 

Ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2008.

 

For

 

Against

 

Abstained

28,722,877

 

474,955

 

20,153

 

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 6.  EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description

 

 

 

3.1*

 

Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 1990)

 

 

 

3.2*

 

Certificate of Amendment of Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2002)

 

 

 

3.3

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws

 

 

 

4.1*

 

Amended and Restated Common Shares Rights Agreement dated November 2, 1989 between Coherent and the Bank of Boston (previously filed as Exhibit 1 to Form 8-K/A filed on July 1, 1998)

 

 

 

10.1

 

Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Plan

 

 

 

10.2

 

Retention and Release Agreement dated April 4, 2008 by and between Coherent and Ronald A. Victor.

 

 

 

10.3*

 

Letter Agreement, dated January 31, 2008, between Coherent, Inc. and Oliver Press Partners, LLC, Oliver Press Investors, LLC, Augustus K. Oliver and Clifford Press (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2008)

 

 

 

31.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

31.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

32.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

32.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 


*

These exhibits were previously filed with the Commission as indicated and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

Identifies management contract or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit.

 

 

49



 

COHERENT, INC.

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Coherent, Inc.

 

(Registrant)

 

 

 

 

Date: May 8, 2008

/s/:

JOHN R. AMBROSEO

 

 

John R. Ambroseo

 

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

(Principal Executive Officer)

 

 

 

Date: May 8, 2008

/s/:

HELENE SIMONET

 

 

Helene Simonet

 

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 

 

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

 

50



 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description

3.1*

 

Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 1990)

 

 

 

3.2*

 

Certificate of Amendment of Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2002)

 

 

 

3.3

 

Amended and Restated Bylaws

 

 

 

4.1*

 

Amended and Restated Common Shares Rights Agreement dated November 2, 1989 between Coherent and the Bank of Boston (previously filed as Exhibit 1 to Form 8-K/A filed on July 1, 1998)

 

 

 

10.1

 

Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Plan

 

 

 

10.2

 

Retention and Release Agreement dated April 4, 2008 by and between Coherent and Ronald A. Victor.

 

 

 

10.3*

 

Letter Agreement, dated January 31, 2008, between Coherent, Inc. and Oliver Press Partners, LLC, Oliver Press Investors, LLC, Augustus K. Oliver and Clifford Press (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2008)

 

 

 

31.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

31.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

32.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

 

 

32.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 


*

These exhibits were previously filed with the Commission as indicated and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

Identifies management contract or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an exhibit.

 

 

51